DOCSLIB.ORG

A Comparative Study on the Hemoglobins and Intestinal Isozymes of Three Species of Earthworms

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Comparative Study on the Hemoglobins and Intestinal Isozymes of Three Species of Earthworms University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Doctoral Dissertations Student Scholarship Fall 1976 A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE HEMOGLOBINS AND INTESTINAL ISOZYMES OF THREE SPECIES OF EARTHWORMS KENNETH VASKEN KALOUSTIAN Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation Recommended Citation KALOUSTIAN, KENNETH VASKEN, "A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE HEMOGLOBINS AND INTESTINAL ISOZYMES OF THREE SPECIES OF EARTHWORMS" (1976). Doctoral Dissertations. 1132. https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/1132 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. Silver prints of "photographs" may be ordered at additional charge by writing the Order Department, giving the catalog number, title, author and specific pages you wish reproduced. 5. PLEASE NOTE: Some pages may have indistinct print. Filmed as received. University Microfilms International 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 USA St. John's Road, Tyler's Green High Wycombe, Bucks, England HP10 8HR 77-3462 KALOUSTIAN, Kenneth Vasken, 1946- A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE HEMOGLOBINS AND INTESTINAL ISOZYMES OF THREE SPECIES OF EARTHWORMS. University of New Hampshire, Ph.D., 1976 Zoology Xerox University Microfilms , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 © 1976 KENNETH VASKEN KALOUSTIAN ALL RIGHTS RESERVED A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE HEMOGLOBINS AND INTESTINAL ISOZYMES OF THREE SPECIES OF EARTHWORMS by KENNETH V. KALOUSTIAN A.B., Boston University, 1969 M.S., University of Bridgeport, 1973 A THESIS Submitted to the University of New Hampshi in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate School Department of Zoology September, 1976 This thesis has been examined and approved. /? -V;-t/ 7 / / ^ * l s y J t__________________________c'u-vi'i Thesis director, Edward K. Tillfnghast, Assoc. Prof. of Zoology John E. Foret, Assoc. Prof. of Zoology 6'Id-ru& 'L^ y Ass 6 c / Prof, of Zoology (John\D. Po\luhoWich7'Assoc. Prof. of Biology, JniversityVf Bridgeport, Connecticut ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere appreciation to Dr. Edward K. Tillinghast for his friendship, advice, and assistance during the course of this study. I am particularly indebted for his guidance in the preparation of this manuscript. Special thanks is extended to the other members of my doctoral committee, Drs. John E. Foret, John J. Sasner, John J. Poluhowich, and Yun Tzu Kiang for their valuable suggestions and aid in the preparation of this manuscript. Special thanks also goes to Dr. Emery F. Swan for introducing me to the "red wigglers" (Eisenia foetida), and to Mr. Joseph Marelli for his efficiency and concern in supplying day to day materials needed for the completion of this research. To my wife, Sharon, my sincerest thanks for her patience and understanding. Her encouragement and confidence in my a b ilities made the completion of this work possible. To Bethie, thank you for the thousand smiles. This research was supported in part by the Central University Research Fund (#S24) of the University of New Hampshire. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES.................................................................................................... v LIST OF FIGURES.................................................................................................. vi ABSTRACT................................................................................................................ v ili I. INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................... 1 I I . STUDIES ON THE HEMOGLOBINS AND INTESTINAL ISOZYMES OF SEVERAL EARTHWORMS............................................................................................................ 5 1. Introduction................................................................................................. 5 2. Materials and Methods .............................................................................. 6 3. Results ........................................................................................................... 12 4. Discussion..................................................................................................... 45 I I I . CHANGES IN INTESTINAL ISOZYMES AND NITROGEN EXCRETION IN THE ESTIVATING EARTHWORM, ALLOLOBOPHORA CALIGINOSA.................................... 53 1. Introduction................................................................................................. 53 2. Materials and Methods .............................................................................. 54 3. Results .............................................................................................. 57 4. Discussion..................................................................................................... 72 REFERENCES............................................................................................................ 77 iv LIST OF TABLES 1. Some physical characteristics of Lumbricus te rre s tris , Allolobophora caliqinosa and Eisenia foetida hemoglobins ................. 13 2. Summary of the distribution of isozymes in L.. te rre s tris , A. caliginosa and E_. foetida ........................................................................... 38 3. Classification of esterases by inhibitors.................................................. 39 4. Classification of the esterases in the digestive tract of L_. terrestris, A.- caliqinosa, and E,. foetida .................................... 41 5. Percent sim ilarity of the isozymes from the individual gut sections of JL. te rre s tris , A. caliginosa, and E_. foetida 43 6. Percent sim ilarity of the individual isozymes from L^. terrestris, A. caliqinosa and £. foeti da .................................................. 44 7. Nitrogen excretion pattern in the estivating and non-estivating A. caliqinosa .......................................................................................................... 58 8. Summary of the distribution of the isozymes in estivating and non-estivating A. caliqinosa ........................................................................... 70 9. Percent sim ilarity of the isozymes between estivating and non-estivating A. caliqinosa ........................................................................... 71 v LIST OF FIGURES 1. Polyacrylamide disc gel zymograms of the blood and hemoglobins from Lumbricus te rre s tris , Allolobophora caliginosa, and Eisenia foeti da ........................................................................................................ 15 2. Agarose gel zymograms of the hemoglobins from j_. terres tris , A. caliginosa, and £. foetida at pH of 6.9 and 8.6 with 10‘ 3 M EDTA................................................................................................................. 17 3. Isoelectric focusing of L.. terrestris, A. caliginosa, and E. foetida hemoglobins .......................................................................................... 19 4. Immunodiffusion of U te rre s tris , A. caliginosa, and E. foetida hemoglobins ................................................................................................ 22 5. Immunoelectrophoretic pattern of iL. terrestris and A. caliginosa hemoglobins .......................................................................................... 24 6. Immunoelectrophoretic pattern of L_. terrestris and JE. foetida hemoglobins ................................................................................................ 26 7. Zymogram showing the distribution of alkaline
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Effect of Invasive Earthworm Lumbricus Terrestris on The
    The Effect of Invasive Earthworm Lumbricus terrestris on the Distribution of Nitrogen in Soil Profile Sarah Adelson, Christine Doman, Gillian Golembiewski, Luke Middleton University of Michigan Biological Station, Spring 2009 Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine if Lumbricus terrestris, an invasive earthworm in Northern Michigan, is redistributing nitrogen from the organic soil layer to the deeper, mineral soil layer. L. terrestris burrow 2 meters vertically into the ground and emerge to feed on freshly fallen leaf litter. The study included collecting of L. terrestris in 16 0.5 m square plots by method of electro-shock. Soil cores from a depth of 0-5 and 30-40 cm as well as leaf litter were taken from each plot to determine nitrogen content and nitrogen isotope ratios. Data analysis resulted in no significance between plots with earthworms and without earthworms in both nitrogen, N, isotope ratios and N content. Plots with L. terrestris showed no difference between the organic and mineral soil layer. This result suggests that L. terrestris are homogenizing soil layers. However, smaller than ideal sample sizes limit interpretive capacity of the results. Further research needs to be completed to confirm these perceived trends. The analysis of nitrogen isotope ratios suggest that there is another source of 15N other than leaf litter and L. terrestris that is contributing to soil composition and therefore the contribution of each was not conclusively determined. Introduction Invasion of an exotic species into an ecosystem is one of the leading threats to biologically diverse ecosystems throughout the world. Exotic species are initially introduced as a solution for food, farming, aesthetic purposes, or even accidentally.
    [Show full text]
  • COMPETITIVE EXCLUSION, FORAGING INTERFERENCE, and HABITAT DEGRADATION REDUCE SALAMANDER DENSITY Julie L
    John Carroll University Carroll Collected Masters Theses Theses, Essays, and Senior Honors Projects Summer 2015 INVASIVE ASIAN EARTHWORMS NEGATIVELY IMPACT WOODLAND SALAMANDERS: COMPETITIVE EXCLUSION, FORAGING INTERFERENCE, AND HABITAT DEGRADATION REDUCE SALAMANDER DENSITY Julie L. Ziemba John Carroll University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://collected.jcu.edu/masterstheses Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Ziemba, Julie L., "INVASIVE ASIAN EARTHWORMS NEGATIVELY IMPACT WOODLAND SALAMANDERS: COMPETITIVE EXCLUSION, FORAGING INTERFERENCE, AND HABITAT DEGRADATION REDUCE SALAMANDER DENSITY" (2015). Masters Theses. 13. http://collected.jcu.edu/masterstheses/13 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Essays, and Senior Honors Projects at Carroll Collected. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of Carroll Collected. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INVASIVE ASIAN EARTHWORMS NEGATIVELY IMPACT WOODLAND SALAMANDERS: COMPETITIVE EXCLUSION, FORAGING INTERFERENCE, AND HABITAT DEGRADATION REDUCE SALAMANDER DENSITY A Thesis Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies College of Arts & Sciences of John Carroll University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science By Julie L. Ziemba 2015 Table of Contents Abstract ..........................................................................................................................1 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................3
    [Show full text]
  • Size Variation and Geographical Distribution of the Luminous Earthworm Pontodrilus Litoralis (Grube, 1855) (Clitellata, Megascolecidae) in Southeast Asia and Japan
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 862: 23–43 (2019) Size variation and distribution of Pontodrilus litoralis 23 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.862.35727 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Size variation and geographical distribution of the luminous earthworm Pontodrilus litoralis (Grube, 1855) (Clitellata, Megascolecidae) in Southeast Asia and Japan Teerapong Seesamut1,2,4, Parin Jirapatrasilp2, Ratmanee Chanabun3, Yuichi Oba4, Somsak Panha2 1 Biological Sciences Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand 2 Ani- mal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand 3 Program in Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture Technology, Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand 4 Department of Environmental Biology, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan Corresponding authors: Somsak Panha ([email protected]), Yuichi Oba ([email protected]) Academic editor: Samuel James | Received 24 April 2019 | Accepted 13 June 2019 | Published 9 July 2019 http://zoobank.org/663444CA-70E2-4533-895A-BF0698461CDF Citation: Seesamut T, Jirapatrasilp P, Chanabun R, Oba Y, Panha S (2019) Size variation and geographical distribution of the luminous earthworm Pontodrilus litoralis (Grube, 1855) (Clitellata, Megascolecidae) in Southeast Asia and Japan. ZooKeys 862: 23–42. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.862.35727 Abstract The luminous earthworm Pontodrilus litoralis (Grube, 1855) occurs in a very wide range of subtropical and tropical coastal areas. Morphometrics on size variation (number of segments, body length and diameter) and genetic analysis using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene sequence were conducted on 14 populations of P.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic and Phenetic Systematics of The
    195 PHYLOGENETICAND PHENETICSYSTEMATICS OF THE OPISTHOP0ROUSOLIGOCHAETA (ANNELIDA: CLITELLATA) B.G.M. Janieson Departnent of Zoology University of Queensland Brisbane, Australia 4067 Received September20, L977 ABSTMCT: The nethods of Hennig for deducing phylogeny have been adapted for computer and a phylogran has been constructed together with a stereo- phylogran utilizing principle coordinates, for alL farnilies of opisthopor- ous oligochaetes, that is, the Oligochaeta with the exception of the Lunbriculida and Tubificina. A phenogran based on the sane attributes conpares unfavourably with the phyLogralnsin establishing an acceptable classification., Hennigrs principle that sister-groups be given equal rank has not been followed for every group to avoid elevation of the more plesionorph, basal cLades to inacceptabl.y high ranks, the 0ligochaeta being retained as a Subclass of the class Clitellata. Three orders are recognized: the LumbricuLida and Tubificida, which were not conputed and the affinities of which require further investigation, and the Haplotaxida, computed. The Order Haplotaxida corresponds preciseLy with the Suborder Opisthopora of Michaelsen or the Sectio Diplotesticulata of Yanaguchi. Four suborders of the Haplotaxida are recognized, the Haplotaxina, Alluroidina, Monil.igastrina and Lunbricina. The Haplotaxina and Monili- gastrina retain each a single superfanily and fanily. The Alluroidina contains the superfamiJ.y All"uroidoidea with the fanilies Alluroididae and Syngenodrilidae. The Lurnbricina consists of five superfaniLies.
    [Show full text]
  • Earthworms (Annelida: Oligochaeta) of the Columbia River Basin Assessment Area
    United States Department of Agriculture Earthworms (Annelida: Forest Service Pacific Northwest Oligochaeta) of the Research Station United States Columbia River Basin Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Assessment Area Management General Technical Sam James Report PNW-GTR-491 June 2000 Author Sam Jamesis an Associate Professor, Department of Life Sciences, Maharishi University of Management, Fairfield, IA 52557-1056. Earthworms (Annelida: Oligochaeta) of the Columbia River Basin Assessment Area Sam James Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem Management Project: Scientific Assessment Thomas M. Quigley, Editor U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station Portland, Oregon General Technical Report PNW-GTR-491 June 2000 Preface The Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem Management Project was initiated by the USDA Forest Service and the USDI Bureau of Land Management to respond to several critical issues including, but not limited to, forest and rangeland health, anadromous fish concerns, terrestrial species viability concerns, and the recent decline in traditional commodity flows. The charter given to the project was to develop a scientifically sound, ecosystem-based strategy for managing the lands of the interior Columbia River basin administered by the USDA Forest Service and the USDI Bureau of Land Management. The Science Integration Team was organized to develop a framework for ecosystem management, an assessment of the socioeconomic biophysical systems in the basin, and an evalua- tion of alternative management strategies. This paper is one in a series of papers developed as back- ground material for the framework, assessment, or evaluation of alternatives. It provides more detail than was possible to disclose directly in the primary documents.
    [Show full text]
  • The Giant Palouse Earthworm (Driloleirus Americanus)
    PETITION TO LIST The Giant Palouse Earthworm (Driloleirus americanus) AS A THREATENED OR ENDANGERED SPECIES UNDER THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT June 30, 2009 Friends of the Clearwater Center for Biological Diversity Palouse Audubon Palouse Prairie Foundation Palouse Group of the Sierra Club 1 June 30, 2009 Ken Salazar, Secretary of the Interior Robyn Thorson, Regional Director U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 1849 C Street N.W. Pacific Region Washington, DC 20240 911 NE 11th Ave Portland, Oregon Dear Secretary Salazar, Friends of the Clearwater, Center for Biological Diversity, Palouse Prairie Foundation, Palouse Audubon, Palouse Group of the Sierra Club and Steve Paulson formally petition to list the Giant Palouse Earthworm (Driloleirus americanus) as a threatened or endangered species pursuant to the Endangered Species Act (”ESA”), 16 U.S.C. §1531 et seq. This petition is filed under 5 U.S.C. 553(e) and 50 CFR 424.14 (1990), which grant interested parties the right to petition for issuance of a rule from the Secretary of Interior. Petitioners also request that critical habitat be designated for the Giant Palouse Earthworm concurrent with the listing, pursuant to 50 CFR 424.12, and pursuant to the Administrative Procedures Act (5 U.S.C. 553). The Giant Palouse Earthworm (D. americanus) is found only in the Columbia River Drainages of eastern Washington and Northern Idaho. Only four positive collections of this species have been made within the last 110 years, despite the fact that the earthworm was historically considered “very abundant” (Smith 1897). The four collections include one between Moscow, Idaho and Pullman, Washington, one near Moscow Mountain, Idaho, one at a prairie remnant called Smoot Hill and a fourth specimen near Ellensberg, Washington (Fender and McKey- Fender, 1990, James 2000, Sánchez de León and Johnson-Maynard, 2008).
    [Show full text]
  • Ecological Functions of Earthworms in Soil
    Ecological functions of earthworms in soil Walter S. Andriuzzi Thesis committee Promotors Prof. Dr L. Brussaard Professor of Soil Biology and Biological Soil Quality Wageningen University Prof. Dr T. Bolger Professor of Zoology University College Dublin, Republic of Ireland Co-promotors Dr O. Schmidt Senior Lecturer University College Dublin, Republic of Ireland Dr J.H. Faber Senior Researcher and Team leader Alterra Other members Prof. Dr W.H. van der Putten, Wageningen University Prof. Dr J. Filser, University of Bremen, Germany Dr V. Nuutinen, Agrifood Research Finland, Jokioinen, Finland Dr P. Murphy, University College Dublin, Republic of Ireland This research was conducted under the auspices of University College Dublin and the C. T. De Wit Graduate School for Production Ecology and Resource Conservation following a Co-Tutelle Agreement between University College Dublin and Wageningen University. Ecological functions of earthworms in soil Walter S. Andriuzzi Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of doctor at Wageningen University by the authority of the Rector Magnificus Prof. Dr A.P.J. Mol, in the presence of the Thesis Committee appointed by the Academic Board to be defended in public on Monday 31 August 2015 at 4 p.m. in the Aula. Walter S. Andriuzzi Ecological functions of earthworms in soil 154 pages. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, NL (2015) With references, with summary in English ISBN 978-94-6257-417-5 Abstract Earthworms are known to play an important role in soil structure and fertility, but there are still big knowledge gaps on the functional ecology of distinct earthworm species, on their own and in interaction with other species.
    [Show full text]
  • Earthworm Ecology from DARWIN to VERMICUL TURE for 1882
    Earthworm Ecology FROM DARWIN TO VERMICUL TURE FOR 1882. MAN ·I~ ·BVT ·A·woR...JV\· Frontispiece Cartoon from Punch, December 6th, 1881 Earthworm Ecology FROM DARWIN TO VERMICUL TURE Edited by J. E. Satchell Institute of Terrestrial Ecology Merlewood Research Station Grange-over-Sands Cumbria, UK LONDON NEW YORK CHAPMAN AND HALL First published 1983 by Chapman and Hall Ltd I I New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Published in the USA by Chapman and Hall 733 Third Avenue, New York NY100I7 © 1983 Chapman and Hall Ltd Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2007 University Press, Cambridge ISBN-13: 978-94-009-5967-5 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-5965-1 DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-5965-1 All rights reserved. No part ofthis book may be reprinted, or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and record­ ing, or in any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Publisher. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Earthworm ecology. I. Opisthopora I. Satchell, J. E. 595.I' 46 QL39 I. 04 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: Earthworm ecology. Bibliography: p. Includes index. I. Opisthopora-Ecology. 2. Earthworm culture. I. Satchell, John E. QL39I.A6E2 7 1983 Contents Preface Xl Contributors xiii DARWIN'S CONTRIBUTION TO EARTHWORM ECOLOGY I Darwin's Formation of Vegetable Mould- its philo­ sophical basis M. S. Ghilarov I 2 D~rwin on earthworms - the contemporary back­ ground and what the critics thought O.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecological Soil Screening Levels for Copper. Interim Final
    Ecological Soil Screening Levels for Copper Interim Final OSWER Directive 9285.7-68 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W. Washington, DC 20460 Issued July 2006 Revised February 2007 This page intentionally left blank TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION .......................................................1 2.0 SUMMARY OF ECO-SSLs FOR COPPER...................................1 3.0 ECO-SSL FOR TERRESTRIAL PLANTS....................................4 4.0 ECO-SSL FOR SOIL INVERTEBRATES....................................4 5.0 ECO-SSL FOR AVIAN WILDLIFE.........................................9 5.1 Avian TRV ........................................................9 5.2 Estimation of Dose and Calculation of the Eco-SSL .......................18 6.0 ECO-SSL FOR MAMMALIAN WILDLIFE .................................18 6.1 Mammalian TRV ..................................................18 6.2 Estimation of Dose and Calculation of the Eco-SSL .......................24 7.0 REFERENCES .........................................................26 7.1 General Copper References ..........................................26 7.2 References for Plants and Soil Invertebrates .............................27 7.3 References Rejected for Use in Deriving Plant and Soil Invertebrate Eco-SSLs ...............................................................29 7.4 References Used in Deriving Wildlife TRVs ............................56 7.5 References Rejected for Use in Derivation of Wildlife TRV
    [Show full text]
  • Diplopoda) of Twelve Caves in Western Mecsek, Southwest Hungary
    Opusc. Zool. Budapest, 2013, 44(2): 99–106 Millipedes (Diplopoda) of twelve caves in Western Mecsek, Southwest Hungary D. ANGYAL & Z. KORSÓS Dorottya Angyal and Dr. Zoltán Korsós, Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, H-1088 Budapest, Baross u. 13., E-mails: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract. Twelve caves of Western Mecsek, Southwest Hungary were examined between September 2010 and April 2013 from the millipede (Diplopoda) faunistical point of view. Ten species were found in eight caves, which consisted eutroglophile and troglobiont elements as well. The cave with the most diverse fauna was the Törökpince Sinkhole, while the two previously also investigated caves, the Abaligeti Cave and the Mánfai-kőlyuk Cave provided less species, which could be related to their advanced touristic and industrial utilization. Keywords. Diplopoda, Mecsek Mts., caves, faunistics INTRODUCTION proved to be rather widespread in the karstic regions of the former Yugoslavia (Mršić 1998, lthough more than 220 caves are known 1994, Ćurčić & Makarov 1998), the species was A from the Mecsek Mts., our knowledge on the not yet found in other Hungarian caves. invertebrate fauna of the caves in the region is rather poor. Only two caves, the Abaligeti Cave All the six millipede species of the Mánfai- and the Mánfai-kőlyuk Cave have previously been kőlyuk Cave (Polyxenus lagurus (Linnaeus, examined in speleozoological studies which in- 1758), Glomeris hexasticha Brandt, 1833, Hap- cludeed the investigation of the diplopod fauna as loporatia sp., Polydesmus collaris C. L. Koch, well (Bokor 1924, Verhoeff 1928, Gebhardt 1847, Ommatoiulus sabulosus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Leptoiulus sp.) were found in the entrance 1933a, 1933b, 1934, 1963, 1966, Farkas 1957).
    [Show full text]
  • Tropical Marine Invertebrates CAS BI 569 Phylum ANNELIDA by J
    Tropical Marine Invertebrates CAS BI 569 Phylum ANNELIDA by J. R. Finnerty Phylum ANNELIDA Porifera Ctenophora Cnidaria Deuterostomia Ecdysozoa Lophotrochozoa Chordata Arthropoda Annelida Hemichordata Onychophora Mollusca Echinodermata Nematoda Platyhelminthes Acoelomorpha Silicispongiae Calcispongia PROTOSTOMIA “BILATERIA” (=TRIPLOBLASTICA) Bilateral symmetry (?) Mesoderm (triploblasty) Phylum ANNELIDA Porifera Ctenophora Cnidaria Deuterostomia Ecdysozoa Lophotrochozoa Chordata Arthropoda Annelida Hemichordata Onychophora Mollusca Echinodermata Nematoda Platyhelminthes Acoelomorpha Silicispongiae Calcispongia PROTOSTOMIA “COELOMATA” True coelom Coelomata gut cavity endoderm mesoderm coelom ectoderm [note: dorso-ventral inversion] Phylum ANNELIDA Porifera Ctenophora Cnidaria Deuterostomia Ecdysozoa Lophotrochozoa Chordata Arthropoda Annelida Hemichordata Onychophora Mollusca Echinodermata Nematoda Platyhelminthes Acoelomorpha Silicispongiae Calcispongia PROTOSTOMIA PROTOSTOMIA “first mouth” blastopore contributes to mouth ventral nerve cord The Blastopore ! Forms during gastrulation ectoderm blastocoel blastocoel endoderm gut blastoderm BLASTULA blastopore The Gut “internal, epithelium-lined cavity for the digestion and absorption of food sponges lack a gut simplest gut = blind sac (Cnidaria) blastopore gives rise to dual- function mouth/anus through-guts evolve later Protostome = blastopore contributes to the mouth Deuterostome = blastopore becomes the anus; mouth is a second opening Protostomy blastopore mouth anus Deuterostomy blastopore
    [Show full text]
  • (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta) Earthworms
    etics & E en vo g lu t lo i y o h n a P r f y Journal of Phylogenetics & Perez-Losada et al., J Phylogen Evolution Biol 2015, 3:1 o B l i a o n l r o DOI: 10.4172/2329-9002.1000140 u g o y J Evolutionary Biology ISSN: 2329-9002 Research Article Open Access An Updated Multilocus Phylogeny of the Lumbricidae (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta) Earthworms Marcos Pérez-Losada1-3*, Jesse W Breinholt4, Manuel Aira5 and Jorge Domínguez5 1CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal. 2Computational Biology Institute, George Washington University, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA 3Department of Invertebrate Zoology, US National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA 4Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA 5Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Universidade de Vigo, E-36310, Spain Abstract Lumbricidae earthworms dominate agricultural lands and often natural terrestrial ecosystems in temperate regions in Europe. They impact soil properties and nutrient cycling, shaping plant community composition and aboveground food webs. The simplicity of the earthworm body plan has hampered morphology-based classifications and taxonomy; hence current research on Lumbricidae systematic relies mostly on molecular data from multiple or single locus [e.g., cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) barcodes] to infer evolutionary relationships, validate taxonomic groups and/or identify species. Here we use multiple nuclear and mitochondrial gene regions (including COI) to generate updated maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenies of the family Lumbricidae. We then compare these trees to new COI trees to assess the performance of COI at inferring lumbricid inter-generic relationships.
    [Show full text]