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Eine Neue Geografische Farbvariante Von Ophthalmotilapia Sp. „Whitecap“

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Eine Neue Geografische Farbvariante Von Ophthalmotilapia Sp. „Whitecap“ Die neue Farbvariante von Ophthalmotilapia sp. „Whitecap“ im flachen Wasser bei der Ortschaft Ninde. Eine neue geografische Farbvariante von Ophthalmotilapia sp. „Whitecap“ Text: Wolfgang Staeck Fotos: Magnus und Mikael Karlsson Zu den bemerkenswertesten Buntbar- dieser Buntbarsche in ungewöhnlicher gelegen, wurde diese Farbform, die die schen des Tanganjikasees zählen wegen Weise ver längert und fadenartig ausge- südlichste Population von Ophthalmo- ihrer prächtigen Färbung und unge- zogen sind. Wahrscheinlich existieren tilapia sp. „Whitecap“ ist, nicht mehr wöhnlichen Flossenform zweifellos die aber auch noch unbeschriebene Arten. gefunden. Vertreter der Gattung Ophthalmotila- pia, die von PELLEGRIN bereits im Jahre Die jetzt erstmals im Foto vorgestellte Nach den Beobachtungen der Entde- 1904 beschrieben wurde. POLL über- Farbform von Ophthalmotilapia sp. cker haben die Fische eine ungewöhn- führte später einen Teil der Arten „Whitecap“ wurde von Magnus und lich geringe Individuendichte und sind wegen ihrer ausschließlich kegelförmi- Mikael KARLSSON schon im Jahr 2008 deshalb an den meisten Fundorten sel- gen Zähne, die nicht dreispitzig sind, entdeckt, als sie an der zu Tansania ge- ten. KARLSSON & KARLSSON führen sondern nur eine Spitze haben, in die hörenden südlichen Küste des Tanga- von ihm neu aufgestellte Gattung Oph- njikasees eine Dokumentation der thalmochromis (1956), was jedoch Verbreitungsgrenzen der dort vorkom- LIEM (1981) in einer Revision dieses menden Buntbarsche durchführten Verwandtschaftskreises wieder rück- (KARLSSON & KARLSSON 2013). Die gängig machte und die Gattung zum neue Farbvariante kommt südlich von jüngeren Synonym für Ophthalmotila- Kipili an einem nur 16 Kilometer lan- pia erklärte. Nach POLL (1986) enthält gen Küstenstreifen zwischen Pinga Ophthalmotilapia vier Arten, die in der Point (nahe der Ortschaft Mkilinga) Aquaristik unter der Bezeichnung Fa- und Chisanze Point (nördlich der Nordseite des Dorfes Ninde Village. Die Unter- denmaul brüter bekannt geworden sind Mtego Bay) vor. Bei Kalandasi Point, wasserlandschaft besteht aus großen Felsvor- (STAECK 1974), da die Bauchflossen drei Kilometer südlich der Mtego Bay sprüngen. 136 DCG-Informationen 46 (6): 136-138 dies auf nicht optimale Umweltbedin- gungen in dem bewohnten Habitat, auf starke Konkurrenz durch andere Arten oder einfach auf den Umstand zurück, dass das besiedelte Areal die Verbrei- tungsgrenze von Ophthalmotilapia sp. „Whitecap“ bildet. Wegen der Selten- heit und der nur begrenzten Verbreitung der Fische besteht die Gefahr, dass sie rasch durch Überfischen in ihrem Be- stand bedroht oder sogar ausgerottet werden. Fänger, Exporteure, Impor- teure und Aquarianer sollten sich des- sen bewusst sein und durch entsprechen- de Schutzmaßnahmen diese Gefahr ab- wenden. Ophthalmotilapia boops „Neon Streifen“ bei Kamamba Island Der neue Fadenmaulbrüter zeichnet sich ebenso wie die weiter nördlich ver- breiteten Varianten von Ophthalmotila- pia sp. „Whitecap“ durch eine sehr dunkle Körperfarbe aus, unterscheidet sich aber durch eine blaue Rücken-, eine orangegelbe Schwanz-, eine teils hellblaue, teils gelbliche Afterflosse und durch ein stärker begrenztes hell- blaues Längsband in der hinteren Kör- perhälfte. Ophthalmotilapia sp. „Whitecap“ ist ähnlich und möglicherweise artgleich mit Ophthalmotilapia heterodonta aus dem nördlichen Kongo (Typuslokalität Mboko Insel), ähnelt aber andererseits auch Ophthalmotilapia ventralis, einer Ophthalmotilapia ventralis bei Kalubala (etwas nördlich der Grenze zu Sambia) in einer Tiefe von drei Metern. Dieser Fadenmaulbrüter ist eine farblich polymorphe Spezies mit leuchtend blau, aber Art, deren Verbreitung auf den südli- auch gelb gefärbten lokalen Varianten. chen Teil des Sees beschränkt ist. Das Vorkommen dieser beiden Fadenmaul- brüter ist im südlichen Tansania durch einen rund 50 Kilometer langen Be- reich getrennt, in dem beide nicht nach- gewiesen wurden. Ophthalmotilapia sp. „Whitecap“ wird in Tansania von Kigoma bis zur Mtego Bay im Süden an einem etwa 465 km langen Küsten- streifen gefunden. Erst 47 km weiter südlich beginnt bei den Kitango Rocks in der Kala Bay die Verbreitung von Ophthalmotilapia ventralis. Der Ort ist auch der südlichste Fundort eines ande- ren ähnlichen Fadenmaulbrüters, näm- lich Ophthalmotilapia boops. Das kleine, nur 400 Meter lange, isolierte Habitat der Kitango Rocks ist der ein- zige Fundort, wo O. boops und O. ven- Ein männlicher Ophthalmotilapia sp. „Whitecap“ in seinem Nest im flachen Wasser am Mswa Point tralis sympatrisch leben. An dem nördlich von Kipili. Diese Fische bilden eine dunklere Variante der Population am Kap Mpimbwe. DCG-Informationen 46 (6): 136-138 137 Die Karte zeigt die südliche Küste des Tanganjika-Sees in Tansania. Angegeben sind je- weils die Verbreitungsgebiete der drei ähnlichen Fadenmaul- brüter-Arten Ophthalmotilapia sp. „Whitecap“, O. boops und O. ventralis. Mtego Bay ist der südlichste Fundort von O. sp. „Whitecap“. Die Kitango Rocks in der Kala Bay sind der nördlichste Fundort von O. ventralis. Zwischen diesen beiden Orten liegt ein Küsten- streifen von 47 km, an dem keine der beiden Arten gefun- den wird. Dort wird nur O. boops angetroffen. Die Ki- tango Rocks bilden den einzi- gen Ort am See, wo sowohl O. boops und O. ventralis sympa- trisch gefunden werden. erwähnten Küstenstreifen zwischen Literatur Mtego Bay und Kitango Rocks, in dem KARLSSON, M. & M. KARLSSON (2013): Lepidio- POLL, M. (1986): Classification des Cichlidae weder O. sp. „Whitecap“ noch O. ven- lamprologus kamambae: A new predatory cich- du Lac Tanganika: tribus, genres et espèces. tralis angetroffen wurden, kommt nur lid from Lake Tanganyika. African Diving Mém. de la Classe des Sciences, 2e sèrie, XLV, O. boops vor. Lakesite articles, 1 (1): 1-24. fasc. 2. Brüssel. LIEM, K. F. (1981): A phylogenetic study of STAECK, W. (1974) Blauer Fadenmaulbrüter Ich danke Magnus und Mikael Karls- the Lake Tanganyika Cichlid Genera Asproti- Ophthalmochromis ventralis aus dem Tanganji- lapia, Ectodus, Lestradea, Cunningtonia, Oph- kasee. Das Aquarium 8 (11), Nr. 65: 489-491. son für Infomationen und die Erlaub- thalmochromis and Ophthalmotialpia. Bull. nis, ihre Fotos hier zu verwenden. Mus. Comp. Zool. 149 (3) : 191-214. Ophthalmotilapia sp. „Whitecap“ bei Katondo Point, Cape Mpimbwe. 138 DCG-Informationen 46 (6): 136-138.
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