430 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 18 LEGISLATIVE SESSION the House of Representatives to attend the funeral of the deceased Representative. Mr. BARKLEY. I move that the Senate resume the Resolved, That the Secretary communicate these resolutions to consideration of legislative business. the House of Representatives and transmit a copy thereof to the The motion was agreed to; and the Senate resumed family of the deceased. Re.solved, That as a further mark of respect to the memory of the legislative session. deceased Representative the Senate do now adjourn. RECESS TO THURSDAY The message also announced that, pursuant to the foregoing Mr. BARKLEY. I move that the Senate take a recess until resolution, the Presiding Officer had appointed Mrs. CARAWAY 12 o'clock noon on Thursday next. and Mr. MILLER as the members of the committee on the The motion was agreed to; and (at 2 o'clock and 50 minutes part of the Senate. p. m.) the Senate took a recess until Thursday, January 19, PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE 1939, at 12 o'clock meridian. Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that on Tuesday next, after the reading of the. Journal and CONFIRMATIONS disposition of business on the Speaker's table, I may be per­ Executive nominations confirmed by the Senate January 17, mitted to address the House for 45 minutes. 1939 The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request· of the AsSOCIATE JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED gentleman from Texas? STATES There was no objection. Felix Frankfurter to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme DEDICATION OF LARGEST AGRICULTURAL BUILDENG Court of the United States. Mr. SNYDER. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ATTORNEY GENERAL address the House for 1 minute. Frank Murphy to be Attorney General. The SPEAKER. Without objection, it is so ordered. There was no objection. UNITED STATES ATTORNEY Mr. SNYDER. Mr. Speaker, on last Monday the Com­ Lemuel R. Via to be United States attorney for the southern monwealth of PeJ;lnsylyania ~edicated to agricultural pur­ district of West Virginia. suits the la-rgest building that was ever dedicated in the UNITED STATES MARSHAL United States to that cause. It is 40 feet longer and 20 feet George E. Proudfit to be United States marshal for the wider than the arena in Madison Square Garden. district of Nebraska. I ask unanimous consent, Mr. Speaker, to insert in the RECORD an address I made on that occasion. APPOINTMENTS, PROMOTIONS, AND TRANSFERS IN THE REGULAR The SPEAKER. Without objection, it is so ordered. ARMY There was no objection. NoTE.-The nominations of all persons named for appoint­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS ment, promotion, or transfer in the Regular Army, which were received on the 5th and 12th instant, with the exception of Mr. SMITH of Washington. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani­ ·persons named for appointment to grade of general officers mous consent to extend my own remarks in the RECORD in and the nomination of Wallace Embry Nau to be a second regard to the proposed Puget Sound, Grays Harbor, Willapa lieutenant in the Air Corps, which was withdrawn by the Harbor, and Columbia River Canal, and to include excerpts · President, were confirmed en bloc. The names of persons from a report prepared by the Pacific Northwest Waterways Association. confirmed today Will be found in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORDS for January 5 and 12, 1939, beginning on pages 97 and 239, The SPEAKER. Without objection, it is so ordered. respectively, under the caption "Nominations." There was no objection. THE LATE HONORABLE EDWARD P. COSTIGAN Mr. LEWIS of Colorado. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES consent to proceed for 5 minutes. WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 18, 1939 The SPEAKER. Without objection, it is so ordered. There was no objection. The House met at 12 o'clock noon. Mr. LEWIS of Colorado. Mr. Speaker, it is my painful The Chaplain, Rev. James Shera Montgomery, D. D., duty to inform the House of the death last evening, at his offered the following prayer: home in Denver, Colo., of Hon. Edward Prentiss Costigan, Almighty God, this day may we hallow Thy holy name by former United States Senator from Colorado. thought, word, and deed; forbid, gracious Lord, that we Senator Costigan was born in King William County, Va., should ever take it in vain. We rejoice that Thy father­ July 1, 1874. When a boy he moved with his parents to hood makes the whole world akin; it deepens in the minds Denver. He attended the public schools and later attended of men right and truth. We fervently pray Thee that Harvard College, from which he was graduated in 1899 with where chaos reigns order may prevail and where lawlessness the degree of bachelor of arts. He studied law and was runs riot there may come recovered strength of well-organ­ admitted to the bar of Utah in 1897. He began the practice ized society. Most blessed Spirit, inspire us with Thy guid­ of law in Denver in 1900. In 1903 he married Mabel G. ance, cleanse that which is sordid, heal that which is Cory, of Denver, who has been his helpmate, counselor, and wounded, and may we ever cherish that which is right and inspiration throughout the years. just. Come, our Father, be our repose in labor, our support He has been a leader in all reform movements in Denver, in conflict, and our sweetest r~freshment in affliction, and in Colorado, and indeed throughout the Nation. thine shall be the praise. Through Christ. Amen. From 1903-6 he was an organizer and attorney of the Honest Election League in Denver, and 1906-8, of the Law The Journal of the proceedings of Monday, January 16, Enforcement League. He was attorney for the Anti-Saloon 1939, was read and approved. League in local option litigation before the Colorado Supreme MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE Court, and was chairman of Dry Denver Campaign Com­ A message from t he Senate, by Mr. Frazier, its legislative mittee in 1910. He was an organizer of the Direct Primary clerk, announced that the Senate had passed the following League and Direct Legislation Leagues of Colorado. He resolution: served as president of the Civil Service Reform Association of Senate Resolution 60 Denver, and was an organizer of the Citizens Party, which Resolved, That the Senate has heard with profound sorrow the carried the Denver municipal election in 1912. He repre­ announcement of the death of Hon. BEN CRAVENS, late a Repre­ sented Colorado merchants, the Denver Chamber of Com­ sentative from the State of Arkansas. Resolved, That a committee of two Senators be appointed by the merce, and Arizona commercial interests in freight-rate liti­ Presiding Officer to join the committee appointed on the part of gation before the Interstate Commerce Commission. In 1914, 1939 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 431 at the time of the congressional investigations of the Colo­ saries of Life. In Washington his service included 6 years, rado coal strike, he was attorney for the United Mine Work­ from 1915 to 1921, as a Member of this House, and at a later ers of America, and in the murder trials growing out of this date membership on the World War Foreign Debt Commis­ strike, in the last case tried, secured acquittals, in March 1916, sion, to which he was appointed by President Harding and for all defendants. reappointed by President Coolidge. He was a founder of the Progressive Party in 1912, and its As a Member of the House of Representatives, Mr. Olney unsuccessful candidate for Governor of Colorado in 1912 and represented the people of the district whom I have the great again in 1914. He was a staunch supporter of President honor to represent at this time. The older Members of this Theodore Roosevelt and later of President Woodrow Wilson. body will remember the splendid service which he rendered In March 1917 he was appointed by President Wilson a here, particularly during the period of the World War. member of the United States Tariff Commission. In Septem­ Personally, though of different political faith, I shall always ber of 1918 he was reappointed by President Wilson to this be grateful for the unfailing friendship and consideration Commission, on which he continued to serve until his resigna­ which he was good enough to give me at all times during my tion in March of 1928. service here in Washington. In 1930 he was elected on the Democratic ticket as United Mr. Speaker, Dick Olney will be missed, and deeply missed, States Senator from Colorado. He was an ardent and effec­ by the wide . circle of friends which was his in every walk of . tive supporter of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. life as a result of his devoted and distingUished service to Gifted with an exceptionally rich, clear, and impressive voice, State and Nation. having complete command of our language and possessed EXTENSION OF REMARKS appare.ntly of infinite capacity for painstaking work, Senator Costigan, soon after taking his seat, came to be recognized The SPEAKER. For what purpose does the gentleman as one of the ablest Members of the Senate. from Minnesota rise? But he had never had a robust constitution, and his unre­ Mr. KNUTSON. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to mitting work began to impair his health. In March 1936 revise and extend my remarks by inserting in the RECORD a he suffered a physical break-down, which made it impossible timely and challenging statement on the question of pre­ for him to continue his duties in the Senate or to undertake paredness, delivered by my colleague the gentleman from the arduous work of a campaign for renomination and re­ Minnesota [Mr. YoUNGDAHL] over the Mutual Broadcasting election in Colorado, which is always a doubtful State. For System on Monday evening last. months death seemed imminent each day. But, tenderly and The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the constantly cared for by his noble and devoted wife, he fought gentleman from Minnesota? for his life for almost 3 years. Of late he appeared to be There was no objection. slightly improving, so much so that his friends were en­ PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE couraged to hope that he would fully recover. Last night he Mr. PETERSON of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani­ succumbed to an attack of pneumonia. mous consent that on Wednesday next, after the conclusion To me, and to thousands of other citizens of Denver, of of the legislative business for the day, I may address the Colorado, and of the Nation at large, the death of Senator House for 45 minutes. Costigan is a personal bereavement. I personally have known The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the him for 37 years and have known him well. Whatever gentleman from Georgia? differences of opinion anyone may have entertained con­ There was no objection. cerning any of the views of Senator Costigan on public ques­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS tions, no one could question his ability, his sincerity, or his Mr. ZIMMERMAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous con­ courage. Although never yielding one iota from his prin­ sent to extend my remarks .in the RECORD and to include ciples, or deviating a hair's breadth from his determined therein a resolution from landowners of Mississippi County, ~ourse, he was always, despite the greatest provocation, cour­ Mo., mailed to me in reference to the sharecropper uprising teous, considerate, and charitable to everyone. In all things in that section, which has been so grossly exaggerated by the and at all times he was, in the truest sense, a gentleman. newspapers throughout the Nation. No problem of any individual was so insignificant that it The SPEAKER. Without objection, it is so ordered. failed to command his personal attention and conscientious There was no objection. consideration. No public question was too large or too im­ Mr. CASE of South Dakota. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous portant for him to be appalled by its magnitude, or for him consent to place in the Appendix of the RECORD the address to fail to address to its solution his indefatigable industry of our new colleague the gentleman from South Dakota and all the powers of a well-trained and supremely able mind. [Mr. MuNDT], delivered last Saturday before the Women's Senator Costigan devoted himself exclusively and unre­ Republican Club of New York. servedly to unselfish public service. In that service he sacri­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the ficed his health and his life. He wore himself out in the gentleman from South Dakota? service of the people of his city, of his State, and of the There was no objection. Nation. Mr. FisH and Mr. LANDIS asked and were given permission [Here the gavel fell.] to revise and extend their remarks. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Massachusetts [Mr. Mr. SPRINGER. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to WIGGLESWORTH] is recognized. extend my own remarks in the RECORD by including therein THE LATE RICHARD OLNEY, FORMER MEMBER OF THE HOUSE an address I delivered over the radio in December on the Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. Mr. Speaker, I rise at this time state of the Nation. for the purpose of announcing to the House the death at his The SPEAKER. Without objection, it is so ordered. home in Boston of Hon. Richard Olney, of Massachusetts, There was no objection. formerly a Member of this House. Mr. ELLIS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ex­ Born in 1871, bearing the name of an illustrious uncle who tend my remarks in the RECORD and to include therein a served both as Attorney General and as Secretary of State brief which I filed recently with the Army engineers at a under President Cleveland, Mr. Olney was to ~nter upon a hearing on the White River at Harrison, Ark. public career himself almost 35 years ago and to "devote him­ The SPEAKER. Without objection, it is so ordered. self for many years to the public service both in his native There was no objection. State and in the Nation. Mr. CELLER. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ex­ In Massachusetts his service included a number of years tend my remarks on the subject of libel and slander over the in the legislature, membership on the minimum-wage com­ radio. Inission, chairmanship of i:ihe State parole board, and more The SPEAKER. Without objection, it is so ordered. recently the chan·manship of the State Division of the Neces- There was no objection. 432 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 18 PERMISSION TO .ADDRESS THE HOUSE the measure through on the Senate side. He also remained stead­ fast on the firing line, as . respects the other acts, and never re­ Mr. RAYBURN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to treated. I refer to JACK GARNER, Vice President of the United proceed for 1 minute. States. So when I .talk about the S. E. C. in Texas I am talking about it in : The SPEAKER. Without objection, it is so ordered. its home State. Mr. RAYBURN. Mr. Speaker, on January 7, at the Jack­ For these various reasons I almost feel entitled to salute you son Day dinner at Dallas, Tex., Hon. William 0. ·Douglas, this evening as "fellow Texans." · Chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission, made There is another reason also why I mention the S. E. C. on this Andrew Jackson anniversary. In common with a host of other an address, parts of which might not be of interest to all Roosevelt and Democratic r.ccomplishments, its history is strong in Members, but other parts of which I know will be of interest the Jacksonian tradition. The struggles which preceded the advent to the majority of the Members. of the statutes it administers are reminis~ent of the battles which Old Hickory had With the financial powers. I ask unanimous consent to insert this speech at this point The first of the laws under which the S. E. C. operates is some­ in the RECORD, and my reason for doing so is that for the times called the "truth in securities" bill. It was passed to give most part it is a very informative discussion of the duties the investing public ·honest and complete information about new and functions of th~ Securities and Exchange Commission. issues of stocks and bonds. It was passed to restrict the illegitimate enterprise; it was passed to protect the honest business and the in­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the vestor. Nobody could object to the principle of this measure. gentleman from Texas? Neither could its need be questioned-at least not by anyone Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. Mr. Speaker, reserving familiar with the uninforming and misinforming salesmanship by which new issues were often marketed in predepression days. Yet the right to object-and, of course, I shall not object to the the cry was raised that corporations and underwriters, no matter request-for information may I ask if the gentleman will tell how well intentioned, would not dare to issue new securities, how­ us whgt is going to be the program for Thursday and Friday ever sound; that the restrictive influence of that act would be so severe as to paralyze the capital markets. Yet corporations today of this week? · accept the new requirements as a matter of course. The ultimate Mr. RAYBURN. Yes. The Appropriations Committee will source of most complaints, as still are made today, is to be found report the first deficiency bill, and I think that committee in the proponents of questionable schemes which we have scotched. will want to take the major part of Thursday and Friday for Honest business,. through the machinery of the act, has offered more than ten billions of securities for sale. And the public has the consideration of this bill. That will be all the legislation been saved hundreds of millions of dollars through the Commis­ that will be presented to the House this week. sion's refusal to allow fraudulent or shady offerings to be made to Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts.- And the vote will proba­ the public. The Securities Act of 1933 has not only been a protec­ tive influence for investors; it has also taught many managements bly com_e on Friday? many things about their own companies. . Mr. RAYBURN. Yes; the vote will probably come on Thus one of the important influences in bringing to light the Friday. Coster-Musica scandal was the fact--not generally known-that The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the McKesson & Robbins was planning a new bond issue, and that the necessity for presenting an honest picture of the company in the gentleman from Texas · [Mr. RAYBURN]? registration statement .was the occasion for Mr. "Coster's" associates Mr. RICH, Mr. Speaker, reserving the right to object, I asking him many questions to which he was not able to give a note the first thing the Congress seems to be requested to do satisfactory reply. · · · Hardly had the fight for honesty in the sale of securities been is to take up a deficiency bill. won when the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 governing trading Mr. RAYBURN. Mr. Speaker, I am glad to yield to the in securities gave reactionaries and inactionaries a new opportunity gentleman, but I do not see any reason for the gentleman's to raise cries of calamity. Here again the objective of the act was remarks going in between my remarks and ·Mr. Douglas' ad­ conservative and old-fa,shioned. It sought to regulate stock ex­ changes, to prevent · pool operations, to control "insiders" abuse dress. of their positions, and to eliminate many other inteferences with The SPEAKER. ·Is there objection to the request of the the natural flow of security markets. Here again the purpose of the gentleman from Texas [Mr~ RAYBURN]? act was-unassailable, hath from the point of view of honest busi- . ness and from the standpoint of protection of the public. But Mr. THOMAS of New Jersey. Mr. Spe ker, reserving the again there was protest, and again false issues were raised. Thus right to object-and I am not going to object-when we ad­ Richard Whitney, testifying against the bill, gave this dire predic­ journ on Friday will we adjourn over until Monday; and tion if the margin requirements were included: may .I inquire further whether the House will be in session · "We believe we will have panic and an absolute break-down of the security markets of this country, naturally to the great detri­ on Monday and Tuesday? ment of those investors holding these listed securities." Mr. RAYBURN. · The only thing that will be done in the There were many other objections, but most of them came down House this week so far as legislation is· concerned will be to the argument that if professional traders were not allowed a free hand in maintaining an artificially active market, the market consideration of the first deficiency bill. could not be kept alive by the unstimulated orders of legitimate Mr. THOMAS of New Jersey. Will we be in session on investors. But events, both before and after the act, have demon­ Monday and Tuesday of next week? strated that a free and open market for Arilerimin investors is pref­ Mr. RAYBURN. I think so. erable to a sizzling, boiling market for Wall Street operators. The reactionaries and the inactionaries objected even louder and The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the longer to the act of 1935. This measure, as you know, deals with gentleman from Texas [Mr. RAYBURN]? public-utility holding companies and their widely scattered oper­ There was no objection. ating companies. It has particular impact on 'holding companies separated from their operating companies by whole mountain ranges The matter referred to is as follows: of intermediate holding companies. ADDRESS OF WILLIAM o: DOUGLAS, CHAIRMAN, SECURITIES AND Ex­ The holding-company bill proposed that these systems should be CHANGE COMMISSION, AT THE TEXAS JACKSON DAY DINNER, DALLAS, geographically and financially integrated. Some ingenious person, TEx., SATURDAY, JANUARY 7, 1939 with a gift for picturesque description but not for accuracy, labeled Though this is the first time I have been in Texas, I have felt the integration provisions of the act the "death sentence." By the ever since stepping off the train like him who, long absent, has at use of this misinforming title an attempt was made to create the last come home. Your inimitable hospitality alone was sufficient impression that the S. E. C. was going after the utility industry to create that feeling. There is also a close resemblance between of the UnitE-d States like St. Patrick went after the snakes of the climate of opinion, the frank and outspoken manner,_the two­ Ireland. The impression is, of course, entirely false. The law is fisted attitude, the progressive idealism of Texas and that part of designed to eliminate only the superfluous or tnjurious intermediate the far west which I still claim, along with Connecticut, as home. company, which has no real economic function but lends itself to But there is even more to it than that, for the Securities and Ex­ manipulation of securities, the pyramiding of control, the abuse of change Commission and Texas have had a long and a close associa­ minority interests, and the milking of operating subsidiaries: The tion. act is designed, by limiting the geographical expanse of any one The advent of the S. E. C. is closely associated with the activities holding-company system, to put some ceiling on size; to place some of two statesmen from· Texas. The Commission administers the curb on concentration of financial power in the electric and gas Fletcher-Rayburn Act of 1933, the Fletcher-Rayburn Act of 1934, industries. · and the Wheeler-Raybur:c. Act of 1935. That is how the S. E. C. As has been the case with most liberal measures, these acts were acquired its Sam Rayburn hallmark. And we are proud of it, all forged 1n a furnace of intense heat. JACK GARNER was telling as I know you are. Your great Congressman's part in this typically me the other day that they even labeled him as a Communist. Texas program to restore to finance the old-fashioned standards of The opposition to the enactment of these laws was reminiscent in conservatism, honesty, and fair play is well known. Less familiar, quality and intensity to the opposition confronting Andrew Jack­ perhaps, is the fact that when the fight for the Stock Exchange Act son in his encounters with Nicholas Biddle and the Bank of the was at its hottest in 1934 and the outlook for its passage was dark, United States. But today most of the heat has gone up the a fellow Texan supplied the final ounce of pressure necessary to put Chimney and most of the opposition fires are burning low, and 1939 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 433 those like JACK GARNER, who were carrying the brunt of the battle intricate holding-company structure of incorporated pyramids such and who were dubbed as Communists, have been given well­ as the Insull and Van Sweringen systems was perhaps the most deserved recognition for their constructive leadership in a liberal conspicuous of their accomplishments. The investment trusts, cause. which in 1929 alone attracted some $2,000,000,000 of public money. Today the basic principles of these acts are thoroughly accepted were perhaps the most costly. There was little of lasting value, by conservatives and liberals alike. Few could now be found who even to industry itself, since immediate profit was made only at would wipe them out and restore the anarchistic system which the price of future loss. I do not think it partisan to describe preceded them. Certainly there are those who think this legisia­ the 1920's as a barren period from the standpoint of democracy. tion can be improved upon. But, over all, these laws stand as Certainly what the decade produced was crumbling even before the permanent milestones of a broad liberal advance and a strengthen­ decade was over. Nor did the 1920's ever hold out much more than ing of the capitalistic system under the leadership of Franklin empty promises to the ordinary citizen. The old guard were never Delano Roosevelt. more than incidentally interested in the welfare of the common And so I smile when an occasional critic complains t hat the ob­ man. ject ives of liberal or reform government are not compatible with In the Jacksonian period, however, progress was fundamental. the objectives of honest business. I smile because the daily work Andrew Jackson was greeted by no bull market. At his inaugural a of the S. E. C. belies this empty claim. Business accepts these Supreme Court Justice remarked that "the reign of King Mob is acts. Its representatives sit at our round-table with us. Many with us." Daniel Webster, amazed because the inaugural had at­ of our accomplishments are joint accomplishments-demonstra­ tracted visit ors from 500 miles around-at a time when it took 4 tions by liberal government and honest business that they can days to get from Philadelphia to Washington-said, "One might live and progress together. There are many evidences of this. I have thought that the country had actually been saved from some need cite only two. The first reflects a new sentiment in Wall great danger." But Jackson was never popular with those in the Street, best stated by one of its most progressive leaders, the new high places. Following the vital administrations of Washington president of the New York Stock Exchange. Recently he said: and Jefferson, political control h ad settled in the hands of an aristo­ "The stock exchange welcomes Government regulation and super­ cratic clique. The Presidency appeared likely to become the per­ vision. * * * We have a joint responsibility with the Govern­ manent property of the first families of Virginia and of Massachu­ ment to see that the people of this country have as sane, as honest, setts. It was Andrew Jackson, from Tennessee, who broke this and as efficient a market as it is humanly possible to provide. The tradition-Andrew Jackson, the border captain, elected by the poor old maxim, 'To govern well, govern little,' will not be applied by men of the cities and the rough men of the frontiers. As one thinking people today as. our . problem. We do not regard govern­ historian has put it: "With the election of Jackson the people of ment as a necessary evil. Our Government should be our greatest the United States may be said to have come into the possession of pride and a part of the very. fabric of our lives. * * * There the powers which had been held in trust for them by the founding are some who find any supervision of business by government fathers." repugnant. We have no patience-with that attitude. Such a view­ And as it was with the man who founded the Democratic Party. point is unreal and is not likely to attract any substantial follow- so it is with the man who now leads it. I need hardly remind this ing among practical men and women." ' audience of the circumstances under which Franklin D. Roosevelt The second is illustrated by a step which marks the dawn of a delivered his first inaugural. Nor is it necessary to review in detail new era in t he attitude of the public-utility industry toward Gov­ the progress made since that forbiddin,g day. Like Jackson, the ernment supervision. In the closing days of 1938 the utility in­ President has allied himself with the interests of the common man. dustry, unanimously and without coercion, filed with the S. E. C. Both political democracy and economic democracy have by trad1- their tentative plans for complying with the integration provisions­ tion become Jacksonian and Rooseveltian principles. Both prin­ the so-called death sentence--of the Holding Company ·Act. To ciples are fundamental' to the general welfare.· It is the pr~vilege be sure, we asked them to submit such plans to us, but the request and the responsibility of all real Democrats to see · that those pi'in­ was by no means an order. But they did not take the position that ciples are kept alive, as they were by the triumph which Democracy it was our part to submit the suggestions and their part to oppose won a hundred years ago, 6 years ago, and 2 years ago. th,em; instead, they replied in a cooperative spirit. · And we are The requirements for such a triumph make it plain that the now holding round-table discussions with them in a common en­ Democratic Party must continue to be, as it has been for more than deavor to mold these plans to fit the law,. to reconstruct those a hundred years, the pioneering party of the Nation. Never has systems along sound conservative lines, and to preserve the finan­ there been a greater need than at the present time for the frontier cial integrity of those systems in the process. spirit, which thrives upon attacking barriers and extending bound­ Thus history repeats itself. That .which was once deemed radical aries. Never has there been a greater need for a strong, united becomes the strength of conservatism. It has been true of banking front by all liberals. The nature of the opposition demands it. I legislation, of financial legislation, of social legislation. When the do not mean to denounce opposition. I would be the first to defend heat of battle is lifted and emotions cool off, reform of yesteryear it. It occupies a high place where free speech and democracy becomes the standard and accepted practice of today. The worka­ flourish. But let us not be deluded by the specious form which it day world translates into praotical realities the liberal's ideals. currently is beginning to take. This depicts in miniature the function of the liberal in our Gov­ Even the old-line Republican is trying to appropriate the progress ernment. His. function and the function of the Democratic Party which has been already made by taking it over and putting his own have been identical. It is the function of supplying the energizing label on it. The enemies of the New Deal no longer openly advocate and directive force to keep government abreast of economic and its destruction. Now they are paying lip service to its principles. social change. It is the task of making democratic government Knowing that they cannot destroy this advanced social program, effective by making it responsive to social and economic change. they hope that they may be able to get control of it. On its face It is the undertaking of making certain that government, as the issue thus presented raises no basic difference between the two the agent of a free people, is able and willing to serve the needs parties. On the surface Democratic liberalism is adopted by the of the people at those points where self-help .breaks down. That Republicans. · was the service rendered by Andrew Jackson. That is the signifi­ Such an attitude is, in its way, a compliment to the New Deal cance of the great leadership of Franklin Roosevelt. Those men and to its endorsement by the people. We Democrats may be par­ and other Demcoratic leaders have been the pio~eers in keepipg our doned for taking pride in the fact .that our traditional opponents Government a servant of the common man. They are responsible are seeking to identify themselves with democratic objectives. They for keeping democracy a living force rather than a ritualistic form. admit that our program is working. They concede that it is prac­ They have been capitalism's best friend by continuously endeavor­ tical. The ina.ctionary impliedly confesses that the hobgoblins ing to keep it conservative, respectable, and honest. No leaders which he detected in these laws at the time of their passage were have done more to preserve the vitality and strength of both capi­ merely examples of what President Roosevelt has referred to as talism and democracy than have Jackson and Roosevelt. "seeing things under the bed." But although we may appreciate Both Jackson and Roosevelt took office when democracy was at the compliment, we should not be deceived by it. a low ebb; political democracy in 1828; economic democracy in 1932. For we know that although lip service may be rendered the basic Both Democratic leaders were bitterly opposed by those who, having principles, danger lurks at two points. The first is the risk of gained for themselves privileges and emoluments through their amendments to these laws which will emasculate them; the second domination of the old system, were bitterly against any renaissance is a perfunctory administration of this broad social program. As of the democratic ideal as revolutionary and destructive. The work much is to be feared from those who claim to endorse the prin­ of Jackson is over, and history has retumed its verdict upon it. ciples but who question the laws and attack the agencies which The work of our President is still unfinished. But so much has been administer them, as is to be feared from those who reject the already accomplished that we may face the judgment of the future principles themselves. We would not entrust a program for im­ years with confidence. The Roosevelt administrations will take proving our highways to the person who has all along insisted that their place beside the administrations of Jefferson and Jackson as the old dirt roads are good enough. When any program is adopted the greatest periods of peacetime advancement in American history. by those who have been its traditional enemies, that program is To t hose who believe in democracy, the years of greatest significance really endangered. They want it merely for their political prospec­ are the years in which democracy has moved forward the most. tuses. On the surface the 1920's had much to recommend them. But the basic issues are even more fundament al. The New Deal But everyone knows how little genuine progress was made in has not come 1to the end of any road. The Democratic Party has the years between 1920 and 1930. When we look back upon never been willing to be completely content, along with the con­ those years, what accomplishment can we discqver that has stood servative party, with accomplishments to date. Its force, it s virtue, the test of the few years between that time and now? To be sure its cont ributions to our n ational life lie in its willingness to meet the old guard of business and finance were busy taking care of change and to defy inaction. themselves. Their financial machines located in far distant finan­ Certainly the present is no t ime in which to make a compact wit h cial centers were siphoning off the wealth of this and ot her regions inaction or to take counsel with react ion. Here and abroad t he world of the country. They erected certain monuments by which to is moving so rapidly that no one can keep up with it by st anding remember them, although the memories are hardly happy. . The on the grou~d he has already won. In Europe today some :r:ations LXXXIV--28 434 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 18 have already been forced to choose between t•eaction and revolu­ mittees, namely the Committee on Rules, the Committee on tion. In this country we have a better choice--a choice between Ways and Means, the Committee on Appropriations, and the reaction and progress. The Democratic Party has the tradition, the brains, and the courage to supply a progressive leadership under Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. We expect liberal banners without which that choice cannot be long pre­ to complete the list this afternoon. We will have a confer­ served. The function of the Democratic Party has always been to ence on Friday following the session of the House and expect supply that leadership. This is its Jacksonian tradition. Let us keep democracy strong and united in that tradition. If we are to be ready to report the full list on Monday next. successful, it will remain the party of progress, making neither con­ Mr. SABATH. I thank the gentleman. cessions to nor compromises with any foe of capitalism and democ­ Mr. COX. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that on racy-whether he be on the extreme right or on the extreme left. If we are successful, we can have progress with law and order, Tuesday next, immediately following the address of the gen­ with respect for private property, and with reverence for individual tleman from Texas [Mr. PATMAN] I may be permitted to liberty, without the lawlessness characteristic of the extremists address the House for 10 minutes. on either side. In this way I am certain that the progress we have already made The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the WUl be preserved and extended. And I know that no more enthusi­ gentleman from Georgia [Mr. Cox]? astic support can be found for such program than the support There was no objection. given it by the people of Texas, a coming industrial State of the The SPEAKER. Under a previous order of the House, the Union. I know, too, that the Lone Star State, so long committed to the principle of Democratic unity, will not countenance any gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. SNYDER] is recognized attempt of any third party to take from the Democratic Party its for 30 minutes. . stalwart espousal of the liberal movement. Mr. SNYDER. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to So tonight we pledge ourselves to keep our Democratic Party genuinely progressive; never to allow it to become contentedly revise and extend my own remarks in the REcoRD and to -reactionary. Tonight we hail the New Deal not as an experiment include therein a few short letters from people throughout but as an accomplishment--an accomplishment which has deserv­ the United States who are interested in this highway pro­ edly earned the approval of the people. Tonight we look back on the 1930's as a period of tremendous progress-a progress not posal. measured by mergers and ticker tape but by the common wel­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the fare and the general good. Tonight we salute progressive and gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. SNYDER]? enlightened business which recognizes that the principles of li~eral There was no objection. government and the principles of modern business are wholly compatible. Tonight we hail the ability of liberal government and Mr. SNYDER. Mr. Speaker, for 4 consecutive years I have honest business to work together harmoniously and cov...structively called to the attention of the House a bill to construct a to a common end. Tonight we acclaim the New Deal as a milestone sy~Jtem of transcontinental and north and south highways in the advancement of democracy-advancement under the party of democracy, which Andrew Jackson founded and which Franklin in the United States. D. Roosevelt leads today. The first time I introduced the bill, the dominating factor seemed to be transportation-that is, that such a system EXTENSION OF REMARKS would aid the transportation of commodities so that they Mr. VOORms of California. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani­ could be distributed to the different parts of the United States mous consent to extend my own remarks in the RECORD and where they are consumed at a much less cost, and at the to include therein a comment by Heywood Broun, the col­ same time we would be taking care of the increased traffic umnist, on the appointment of Mr. Harry Hopkins. on our highways~thus making travel safer. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the The second time I introduced the bill 3 years ago, another gentleman from California [Mr. VooRmsJ? commendable factor seemed to be embodied by many of mY There was no objection. colleagues. It was pointed out by many individuals and PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE groups of individuals and the newspapers throughout the Mr. RICH. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to country, that such a system would help to solve the unem­ proceed for 1 minute to ask the majority leader a question .. ployment problem, by putting several hundred thousand The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the men to work on a worth-while project. gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. RICH]? Two years ago when I presented my bill to the House with There was no objection. some adjustments and added features, a third important Mr. RICH. Mr. Speaker, may I ask the majority leader if factor was embodied not only by myself and other Members it is going to be the policy of the majority leader and those of the House, but by many of the newspapers throughout in control of the House to keep within the Budget estimate of the Nation. the present administration and if they are going to try to That factor was that it. would aid our nationah·defense stay within the income of the Federal Government? This is program, both in fiexibility and economy. a very pertinent question, and it seems to me the leader of the It is generally agreed that all three of these major merits majority party should try in every way to cut down the of such a system have grown in importance since I first expenses of this Nation so that at some future time we may presented my bill. That is, the use of such highways for balance the Budget. transportation-the advisability of taking large numbers of The SPEAKER. The time of the gentleman from Penn­ men from unemployed rolls--and the strengthening of our sylvania [Mr. RICH] has expired. national-defense installations. Mr. RICH. Mr. Speaker, I ask for sufficient time to allow Building roads is not a new adventure for our Government. the majority leader to give us some idea along these lines. In 1806, Thomas Jefferson asked Congress to appropriate The SPEAKER. Does the gentleman from Texas [Mr. $30,000 to be spent on perfecting the old National Highway, RAYBURN] desire recognition for that purpose? now known as route 40, running from Baltimore, via Cum­ Mr. RAYBURN. Mr. Speaker, I do not. berland, St. Louis, Cheyenne, Salt Lake City, and ·san Fran­ The SPEAKER. The time of the gentleman from Penn­ cisco. For 40 years following that, Congress appropriated sYlvania [Mr. RicH] has expired. money for the improvement of that highway. President Mr. SABATH. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to Tyler vetoed a similar bill in 1847. proceed for 1 minute. My bill calls for, as I will show you on this map in a few The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the minutes, a system of three transcontinental highways and gentleman from Illinois [Mr. SABATH]? six north and south highways; the highways to be 100 feet There was no objection. wide, providing eight lanes of traffic, and to be built of con­ Mr. SABATH. Mr. Speaker, may I ask the minority leader crete or similar permanent material designed to last as long relative to the recommendation so far as the minority mem­ as the Appian Way. bers of the various committees are concerned. How soon Mr. ANDERSON. of Missouri. Mr. Speaker, will the gen­ will the gentleman be able to submit a list? tleman yield? Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. Mr. Speaker, I may say Mr. SNYDER. I yield to the gentleman from Missouri. to the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. SABATH] that we have Mr. ANDERSON of Missouri. Who is going to build this already agreed to the members of four of tbe major com- highway? Is the Federal Government going to build it? 1939 ' . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 435 Mr. SNYDER. I shall come to that feature in a few the construction Of a great system of roads like this, which minutes. will take business away from the railroads." Mr. ANDERSON of Missouri. Who is going to maintain This is what I have to say for the record: I "am and al­ and police the highway? ways have been a strong booster for the railroads." Mr. SNYDER. I shall come to that in a few minutes. However, the railroads in the last 15 or 20 years have done They would have a right-of-way 500 feet wide, leveled off away with hundreds of their branches and thousands of on a level with the highway with no obstruction whatever on miles of service. They have done away with hundreds, if the rights-of-way. These highways would not pass through not thousands, of small intermediate passenger stops, and any cities and would be built as straight as possible. The they have also done away with their local freight that used highways would be divided into different lanes for different to stop and pick up freight at every little town. By observa­ classes of tra:fiic and there would be no barriers, such as shrub­ tion we must conclude that they themselves have been build­ bery between the lanes, that would be over 20 inches high. ing toward transportation of heavy commodities for long The lighting of the highways would be done by cables laid hauls. My belief is that we will always have use for a num­ at the same time the highways are built, along the edges, so ber of first-class railroads. This system of highways would that the lights would not be any higher than the curb. One not interfere with railroad transportation. In fact, many of the purposes of this would be to make the highways emer­ think that it would stimulate railroad transportation. One gency landing fields for airplanes. Each of these highways of the big problems we have been trying to solve for 50 years would be divided off into sections of, we will say, 5 or 7 miles­ is the problem of distribution of commodities from one part and at the end of each section we would have a service sta­ of the country to the other at less cost to the consumer, and tion and modern radio equipment so, if an airplane fiying at the same time give the producer a margin of profit. over this main street across the Nation, day or night, would In consulting with fruit growers associations, textile manu­ be in trouble the pilot could radio to the station over which· facturers, ·and the like, they think that such a system of they were fiying and tell the radio operator they would land highways would reduce the cost of foodstuffs such as fruits, in section so and so, in 3 or 5 minutes, or whatever the time vegetables, and textile material and similar commodities 10 might be. Thus the traffic would be shut off at each end, to 15 percent for the consumer-and at the same time the and a safe landing would be assured. Of course, this feature producer would make a larger profit than he is making now. is not new, as a similar plan was carried out in Germany in The land on either side of these highways would imme­ building a road. At each of these sections, 18 in all, we would diately increase in value. We have all observed that when build large airports not less than 8,000 feet square. you build a good, permanent road from one city to another, · Now as for transportation of everyday commodities for where there was a bad road, that many homes begin to spring civil use, I am and always have been a strong booster of the up all around the new road. railroads. For instance, one traveling the road between here and Mr. DOWELL. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield for Baltimore 40 years ago would have found the countryside a question? bare, with nothing but a few farmhouses in the territory Mr. SNYDER. I am pleased to yield to the gentleman from beginning a few miles outside of Washington and extending Iowa. to within a few miles of Baltimore. Now we have city almost Mr. DOWELL. Has the gentleman prepared any esti­ the entire way between Washington and Baltimore,- and mates, or is he able to advise the House with respect to the eventually this area will be built up solid. cost of constructing this highway? If these highways were built, hundreds of thousands-yes; Mr. SNYDER. That question will be discussed in a later millions of people in the space of years to follow-would move paragraph of my statement. away from city centers. They would get small acreages out Mr. CASE of South Dakota. Mr. Speaker, will the gentle­ close by these great highways and build their homes there, man yield? feeling that for all time they would be on a permanent road. Mr. SNYDER. I yield to the gentleman from South Now the unemployment feature. Dakota. These nine highways would total about 16,000 miles. · Mr. CASE of South Dakota. I am very much interested Therefore, the total cost of constructing such highways would in the fact the gentleman has included in his bill provision be $8,000,000,000. Now, if we would s.et out with an 8-year for emergency landing fields. May I say I have noticed in program to build these highways, using a billion dollars a this morning's paper that one of the air lines out of Wash­ year-thus constructing 2,000 miles of such highway each ington in the last 3 years has increased its handling of reve­ year-we would at the same time be putting to work approxi­ nue passengers by 103 percent; in other words, from 176,000 mately a million men for that year, and each of the 8 years, in 1935 to 357,000 in 1938. This indicates the importance of on a project that would not only be used all the time but provision for emergency landing fields such as the 'gentle­ would be a Nation-building project. man has suggested. Mr. STEFAN. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? Mr. SNYDER. I thank the gentleman for his contribution. Mr. SNYDER. I yield to the gentleman from Nebraska. Mr. HOUSTON. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? Mr. STEFAN. Would the gentleman refer again to hi~; Mr. SNYDER. I yield to the gentleman from Kansas. statement concerning the approxima.te cost per mile of con­ Mr. HOUSTON. Has the gentleman worked out any plan structing this highway? Did the gentleman say it would cost of acquiring the land required for right-of-way purposes? $500,000 a mile? Mr. SNYDER. I have not. Mr. SNYDER. An average of approximately $500,000 a Mr. HOUSTON. What I have in mind is that the Govern­ mile. ment might acquire the right-of-way for, say, half a mile on Mr. STEFAN. Is not that an increase in the estimated cost each side of the highway and then sell portions of that right­ of a concrete slab? The present approximate cost of a mile of-way as space for hotels, filling stations, or tourist cabins, of concrete slab 20 feet wide is $20,000, is it not? and so make the project productive, instead of simply going Mr. SNYDER. I am including in this estimate the cost of to the expense of constructing a highway. the right-of-way also. Mr. SNYDER. I think the gentleman's suggestion is worthy Mr. STEFAN. Has the gentleman given consideration to of consideration. Personally, I believe his idea has a lot of feeder roads, farm-to-market roads? merit. Mr. SNYDE-R. Yes. I thank the gentleman for the sug­ Mr. HOUSTON. That is the way it has been worked in gestion. England. Mr. STEFAN. How does the gentleman propose to take Mr. SNYDER. May I repeat these words, because I know care of the farmer who wants to bring his produce to mar­ you are all very much interested since I mentioned the word ket? Will not this be a toll road? "railroads" and are saying to yourselves, "I wonder what he Mr. SNYDER. It is not provided in my bill whether or is going to say about railroads in connec~ion with advocating not it is to be a toll roa.d. 436 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 18 Mr. STEFAN. The gentleman recalls that when he aP­ Mr. MAY. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? peared before our House Committee on Roads we discussed Mr. SNYDER. I shall be pleased to yield to the gentleman this question? from Kentucky. Mr. SNYDER. Yes. Mr. MAY. The gentleman is aware, of course, of the ex­ Mr. STEFAN. If it were to be a toll road, the farmer istence of a highway society known as the Super-Dixie High­ would have to pay the same toll as any one else using the way Organization, that is sponsoring a highway running from road. How does the gentleman propose to take care of the northern Michigan through the industrial section of the farmer, who today is fighting against the construction of United States to Miami, Fla., and New Orleans, La.; andre­ some of the tourist roads because their construction reduces cently, at a meeting of some four or five hundred sponsors the amount of money available for his farm-to-market and enthusiasts for highways, there was a meeting held in roads? Lexington, Ky. At this meeting someone connected with the The gentleman from Missouri [Mr. ANDERSON] asked how American Highway Association displayed a chart showing the construction of this highway system was to be financed. that Germany had completed what they call a four-lane high­ The gentleman understands that the responsibility of locating way system throughout that country. or relocating roads is in the hands of the various State high­ Mr. SNYDER. Yes. way departments. How has the gentleman got around that Mr. MAY. And that their first year's experience _in the situation? matter had shown a decline in accidents and death cases on Mr. SNYDER. I thank the gentleman for his observation. their highway8 of 60 percent. May I say :first that I do not make a definite statement as Mr. SNYDER. I observed that reduction. to whether these highways should or should not be toll Mr. MAY. In view of the fact that for the year 1937 we roads. That question can be determined at a later date. killed on the highways of this country some 38,000 people, Mr. ANDERSON of Missouri. Mr. Speaker, will the gen­ would not a system of transcontinental four-lane highways tleman yield? in this country pay economically and return huge dividends Mr. SNYDER. I yield to the gentleman from Missouri. in the saving of human lives, because if we have the same Mr. ANDERSON of Missouri. What would be the initial experience that Germany had in reducing accidents and cost of building this highway system? deaths 60 percent, we would save many, many lives in 1 year? Mr. SNYDER. The initial cost would be approximately Mr. SNYDER. I thank the gentleman for his splendid con­ $500,000 per mile. tribution. Mr. ANDERSON of Missouri. How many miles would be Mr. MAY. In addition to that, while the economic value involved? thus stressed is great, yet in case of a national emergency Mr. SNYDER. Something like 16,000 miles. the need for such a highway for military purposes would be so Mr. ANDERSON of Missouri. The total amount would be great that it would mean an asset even greater than its up in the billions of dollars, would it not? economic value would indicate. Mr. SNYDER. About $8,000,000,000. Mr. CRAWFORD. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? Mr. ANDERSON of Missouri. What would it cost to Mr. SNYDER. I yield to the gentleman from Michigan. maintain these roads per year? Mr. CRAWFORD. To keep our own facts straightened Mr. SNYDER. I have not estimated that, but I believe out, a project of this kind or projects much smaller, like those that if this highway system is put on a toll basis, in the under W. P. A. or P. W. A., whether they cost a few million same way toll bridges are built in this country, such as the dollars or $4,000,000,000, or whatever the cost may be, that bridge across the Susquehanna River at Harrisburg, it would is not a question for the Budget to pass on. pay for itself in 40 to 60 years. Mr. SNYDER. Not in this instance. I think this would Mr. ANDERSON of Missouri. The gentleman said some­ be a question for the Congress to pass on. thing about this highway being lighted by electric lights at Mr. CRAWFORD. But not the Budget Director? every so many feet; what would be the cost of electricity to Mr. SNYDER. The gentleman is correct. maintain such a lighting system? Mr. CRAWFORD. Then I am correct in assuming that Mr. SNYDER. Naturally, that could not be estimated, be­ the Budget Director would not deal with a problem of this cause electric companies give a very low rate on large con­ kind? sumption of electricity. I imagine the cost per kilowatt Mr. SNYDER. He would not be the "Be all" and the · would be very, very small. "End all." Mr. ANDERSON of Missouri. Just one more question, if Mr. CRAWFORD. Insofar as raising the money is con- · the gentleman will permit. Does the gentleman believe the cerned, on a project of this kind, the gentleman does not Bureau of the Budget would approve the spending of this have in,mind that it would pay for itself in a year or two? money? Mr. SNYDER. I do not. Mr. SNYDER. I think the Budget Bureau eventually will Mr. CRAWFORD. The gentleman's thought would be to approve if Congress decided to build them. May I say to the issue tax-exempt Government-guaranteed bonds? gentleman that according to this map the road may not go Mr. SNYDER. I am not so strong for tax-exempt Gov­ through the towns you may think proper; but we have got ernment-guaranteed bonds. to have a general plan, and the engineers will determine Mr. CRAWFORD. What would be the gentleman's idea whether the road should be north of a certain place or 10 about financing it? or 20 miles south. The engineers would have to determine Mr. SNYDER. I have a statement to make later on in the such matters. course of my remarks, if the gentleman will allow me to Mr. ANDERSON of Missouri. Who set out and determined proceed, that bears on the matter of financing the project. the original routing of this road? Mr. REED of New York. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman Mr. SNYDER. I guess I did. yield? Mr. ANDERSON of Missouri. Does any of it go through Mr. SNYDER. I will be pleased to yield to the gentleman the gentleman's district? from New York. Mr. SNYDER. It goes very near my district, because route Mr. REED of New York. Are these roads to be made • 40, as I stated in the beginning of my remarks, is the old out of concrete--cement roads? Jefferson Road, the first one built in this country, and that Mr. SNYDER. The bill provides concrete or material route goes near my district. equal to that. We may discover a substance better than con­ Mr. ANDERSON of Missouri. Does the gentleman propose crete some of these days. to use T. V. A. electricity? Mr. REED of New York. Is it the intention to use Bel­ Mr. SNYDER. I imagine they could bring the T. V. A. gian cement under the trade agreement, or to use our domes­ power to these roads, or, perhaps, there will be T. V. A.'s in tic product? other parts of the country by the time this is built. Mr. SNYDER. Oh. I would use the domestic product. 1939 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 437 Mr. REED of New York. The gentleman would favor that? Mr. SNYDER. I think the enabling act could take CAre of Mr. SNYDER. I am in favor of using home products as that; and I think, furthermore, that all of the different far as possible. State highway departments would get together and arrive at Mr. REED of New York. But the gentleman does not a general solution acceptable by all concerned. know whether that would be done or not? Mr. ANDERSON of Missouri. Who is to patrol this high­ Mr. SNYDER. No; I cannot say "yes" or "no." way? Federal police-the F. B. I.? Mr. O'CONNOR. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? Mr. SNYDER. Since that is a matter of minor importance Mr. SNYDER. Gladly. compared to the bUilding of the highway, there is no need Mr. O'CONNOR. I am very much interested in the gen­ to pass on that now. There will be no grade crossings on tleman's program. I have thought a great deal about it, this highway; there will be ramps from one end of the highway but unfortunately I did not hear all of the gentleman's to the other. speech. Does the gentleman contemplate that these roads Mr. THOMAS of New Jersey. Mr. Speaker, will the gentle­ will be used by heavy trucks? man yield? Mr. SNYDER. I do. I said that it should be divided Mr. SNYDER. I yield to my distinguished colleague from into eight lanes, four each way, and they would carry differ­ New Jersey. ent types of traffic, and I would imagine there would be one Mr. THOMAS of New Jersey. As I understand it, the lane for the real heavy trucks, and at that ~ime we will have gentleman recommends this program to Congress. automobiles that wm travel 90 miles an hour, and we will Mr. SNYDER. I do. travel at that rate, 90 to 100 miles an hour on one of these Mr. THOMAS of New Jersey. So, therefore, the gentle­ lanes. man must have made a very thorough study of the cost of Mr. O'CONNOR. If we use these roads for heavy-freight the program. truck purposes, would we not put the railroads out of busi­ Mr. SNYDER. I have been at it for 4 or 5 years. I do not ness? know how thorough the study is. Mr. SNYDER. I am on that subject now. Mr. THOMAS of New Jersey. Did the gentleman not say Mr. O'CONNOR. I would like to have an answer to that a few moments ago that he did not estimate what the cost question. What will become of the railroads if we use these of maintenance would be? highways for truck purposes? In other words, would it not Mr. SNYDER. The cost would be approximately $500,000 amount to junking the railroads and throwing a million rail- per mile for the 16,000 miles. way men out of employment? · Mr. THOMAS of New · Jersey. Does not the gentleman We are contemplating spending $300,000,000 or $400,- think, before he recommends a vast program costing $8,000,- 000,000 to rehabilitate the railroads. Would the construc­ 000,000, that he should certainly go into the question of the tion of competitive highways at Government expense make cost of maintenance? sense with this program? Mr. SNYDER. I would imagine that the cost of mainte­ Mr. SNYDER. As I ·said a moment ago, the railroads nance in arriving at the- final set-up would be taken into themselves have said, by their action, if not in words-arid consideration, but up to this date I did not think that that I would be glad to be corrected when I have completed my was a factor to be considered as a first factor. The main statement, if this is not correct-they have said by their factor is whether or not we will bUild these roads and put actions for 20 years that they want the long haul. I was men to work on a project that we would like to hand down born and raised alongside the B. & 0. Railroad, and I have to our children and grandchildren for three or four hundred always been strong for the railroads. In fact, what I wanted or a thousand years to come. to become when I was a youth was a railroad engineer. In Mr. THOMAS of New Jersey. The gentleman would do my section the railroads themselves have done away with all that regardless of the cost of maintenance-he would not practically every branch within 100 miles of where I was consider that? born and raised. They used to have branches running up Mr. SNYDER. Oh, yes; I would consider that. I think the for a few miles here and there, and there ·are very few, if cost of maintenance would be much less than the cost of any, left. They used to stop at the little town of Casselman maintenance of any of the highways that we have in the and pick up freight every day, and there _were five or six Nation-all things compared. What we are doing now is passenger trains. There is no station there now at all and merely to manicure the roads all over the country, or the none at the next place below, and at least five of these little edges of them, or bUilding roads that do not dovetail into an stations in a row have all been done away with, and if you economic system of transportation; and this would be build­ want to get a commodity now, you have to·drive 9 miles one ing a real, honest-to-goodness, all-time highway that our way or 12 miles the other. So they themselves have said by children and grandchildren would enjoy for a thousand years, their actions that they do not want the short-haul stuff an:y with very little upkeep. more, that they want the long-haul commodities and let the Mr. THOMAS of New Jersey. Then, instead of manicuring, short hauls go to some other form of transportation. · there would be a face lifting? Mr. ANDERSON of Missouri. Mr. Speaker, will the gen­ Mr. SNYDER. I do npt quite understand the gentleman. tleman yield? Mr. THOMAS of New Jersey. The gentleman knows what Mr. SNYDER. With pleasure. they do to you when you go into a barber shop, or what is · Mr. ANDERSON of Missouri. The gentleman realizes that done to the ladies when they go into a ladies' parlor-a face in every State there are different State regulations so far as lifting. speed is concerned on the various highways. Is the gentle­ Mr. SNYDER. NO; I am not familiar with face-lifting man going to have a Federal speed law? activities. Mr. SNYDER. On that road I would have a Federal speed Mr. HEALEY. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? law. Mr. SNYDER. I yield to my friend from Massachusetts. Mr. ANDERSON of Missouri. How can that be enacted? Mr. HEALEY. Under what section of -the Constitution can we enact such The gentleman proposes a toll to be charged a law? for the use of these highways which will take care of the Mr. SNYDER. I cannot answer that. But I think it could amortization of the roads and also the maintenance, does be done. he not? Mr. ANDERSON of Missouri. Some States have a speed Mr. SNYDER. Not necessarily so. Many favor toll roads. law of 60 miles an hour, and the next State may have a State Mr. THOMASON. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? law of 30 miles an hour. Is it the purpose to put up a sign Mr. SNYDER. I yield. notifying the travelers when they come to that jurisdiction Mr. THOMASON. Do I understand the initial cost to be whether or not they should respect the speed laws of the $8,000,000,000? respective States? Mr. SNYDER. Eight billion dollars. 438 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 18 Mr. THOMASON. I am much interested in the gentle­ country distributed over rural areas and away from city man's statement that a program of that size could be financed centers. If we would build these highways, then the pop­ without the approval of the Bureau of the Budget. Of course ulation would come away from the city centers. Factories I realize and appreciate the gentleman is a distinguished that are now stuck on the river banks and in gullies along member of the Committee on Appropriations. cities would move out in God's open country along these Mr. SNYDER. I thank the gentleman from Texas. highways, and the amount of traffic between these cities Mr. THOMASON. I also want to say that he is regarded would decrease. The building of additional highways at as a fiscal expert, in a way. this time between these cities would not be necessary to Mr. SNYDER. I do not regard myself as such. take care of the future traffic. Mr. THOMASON. Well, possessing considerable knowledge Now as to the national-defense value of such a road pro­ of that important subject. But in these days of large spend­ gram. ing I am sure we would be pleased to have the gentleman say Please do not ask ine to yield until I make this statement, just how he proposes to finance this without the approval of because I know there are some who are going to 0. K. this the Bureau of the Budget, which is the established agency and some who will not. in these matters. The gentleman has a very constructive The day for fixed, stationary seacoast-defense installa­ idea. I am pleased to note he also gives it an international tions is fast passing. We had an example of that around aspect. Your map shows two of these great highways con­ Madrid in the last 2 years. Installations that were there for verging at El Paso, where they could connect with highways a thousand years, and, of course, new installations, were de­ I to Mexico and South America. am very much in accord stroyed within 48 hours after Franco started to make his air With this part of your great program. raids. So we would recommend putting the greater portion The SPEAKER pro tempore. The time of the gentleman of our national-defense equipment, such as guns up to 10-inch from Pennsylvania has expired guns, antiaircraft, service vehicles of all kinds, detecting de­ Mr. KNUTSON. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent vices, searchlights, and so forth, . on rubber wheels. Zone that the distinguished gentleman from Pennsylvania be per­ a large percent of it some place around the middle of the mitted to proceed for an additional 5 minutes. He is making United States. as we are now doing by locating our general a very interesting statement and has been frequently inter­ headquarters at Scott Field, enlarging Chanute Field, en­ rupted and has been very generous in yielding. larging Barksdale Field in Louisiana, enlarging Selfridge Mr. MARTIN of Colorado. Will not the gentleman ask that Field in Michigan. Then in case of an emergency, we could he be permitted to proceed for 15 minutes? get out our wing equipment to the seacoasts and either Mr. KNUTSON. What is 10 minutes between friends? I border within 12 hours, and our rubber-wheel equipment to Mr. amend my request, Speaker, to make it 15 minutes. the same places within 72 hours. By so doing, we would The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the make our equipment more flexible and increase the efficiency request of the gentleman from Minnesota? of our national defense many percent. Mr. CUMMINGS. Mr. Speaker. I will not object to the is If extension of time of 15 minutes if the gentleman will make his And that not all. It would be economy. these roads own speech. were completed today, we could spend $200,000,000 less this Mr. KNUTSON. Does the gentleman from Colorado in­ year and every year hereafter for national-defense equipment, sinuate the gentleman from Pennsyivania is making some­ and still have more efficient, more serviceable, and better one else's speech? adopted national-defense protection. So you see, in a space of 50 years, these highways would pay for themselves by the The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Minnesota? money we would save on this one item alone. Mr. KNUTSON. Mr. Speaker, I think the aspersion cast In other words, to be prepared for continuous peace in by the gentleman from Colorado [Mr. CUMMINGS] was im­ the United States as long as we have rulers in other parts proper. The gentleman is intimating that the gentleman of the world who are absorbed in themselves and the greed from Pennsylvania is not delivering his own speech. for power and possession, we have only one way out--that is,. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the to have ample, modern, and usable national-defense installa­ request? tions in order that we may protect our own shores in case of Mr. EBERHARTER. Mr. S~aker, reserving the right to an emergency and defend the Monroe Doctrine if need be. object, there are several other gentlemen who have special I now yield to the gentleman from West Vii·ginia [Mr. orders, and it seems to me it would be proper to ask the RANDOLPH], because I believe he is one of the men who first gentlemen who have unanimous consent to proceed if they thought of a highway system and tried to help and contribute would give their permission. to that end. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Those gentlemen have the Mr. RANDOLPH. I thank the gentleman from Pennsyl­ right to object if they so desire. Otherwise the gentlEman vania. I want to say the subject which the gentleman is is recognized for 15 minutes. discussing is one of intense interest; and in connection with There was no objection. the attitude of the United States Bureau of Public Roads, Mr. SNYDER. With your permission I Will continue and which the gentleman has mentioned in his address, I think please do not ask me to yield until I have finished my state­ it appropriate to say that about 4 years ago, when the agita­ ment. tion was started in Congress for the construction of trans­ The Bureau of Public Roads is making a survey relative continental roads. the Chief of the United States Bureau of to the building of highways. I do not know anything about Roads, Mr. MacDonald, for whom I have a personal affection, what this survey will show, but if they follow their usual but with whom I had a disagreement at the time, rather procedure in determining where highways should be built, scoffed or considered lightly the idea that we needed con­ it will more than likely call for broad, permanent highways struction of such highways in this country. However, I am to be built between industrial and population· centers. They pleased to say that when the report comes in from the will point out that so many automobiles and so many tons United States Bureau of Public Roads, around the 1st of of traffic pass between these two cities or those two cities. February, the Bureau having made a study of this subject and for this and other reasons they will recommend that due to the action of the Congress in the highway bill of last the highways be built accordingly. Far be it from me to year, it is my understanding that Mr. MacDonald and his criticize the Bureau of Public Roads, but we are not only coworkers have changed their viewpoint and now see a real aiming to build highways to take care of present traffic need for action. I thank the gentleman for such a discussion but for all future times. That is one of the ideas in building as he enters into here today, and I may say that my interest these highways. in this subject remains very keen. I have reintroduced bills Another is that all of the Government agencies and the on the subject and also a new measure, which I hope will be administration are aiming to get the J)opulation of our carefully considered. I feel, as a member of the House Cam- 1939 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 439 mittee on Roads, that practically all members of that group Mr. SNYDER. I yield to the gentleman from Missouri. desire to go further into this vital matter. Mr. ANDERSON of Missouri. Instead of manicuring the Mr. SNYDER. I thank the gentleman from West Virginia highways, would not this be manicuring the taxpayers? for his contribution. I think he had something to do [Laughter.] with enlightening the Bureau of Public Roads and causing Mr. SNYDER. I did not make that statement. them to change their opinion. Mr. KNUTSON. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? Mr. EBERHARTER. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman Mr. SNYDER. I gladly yield to my friend from Minnesota. yield? Mr. KNUTSON. I gather from the gentleman's remarks Mr. SNYDER. I am glad to yield to my colleague from that the primary purpose of building this system of trans­ Pennsylvania. continental superhighways fs for national defense. I notice Mr. EBERHARTER. The gentleman is a very distin­ that in his system are three or four roads running east and guished member of the Committee on Appropriations, and west. I take it the gentleman's idea is that we could trans­ as such his duties have to do with the Military Establishment port military equipment back and forth across the continent, of the United States. Has the gentleman definitely concluded according to which coast needed defending. Is that correct? that a system such as he is advocating here this morning Mr. SNYDER. Yes; and I may say that I think it would would be of definite benefit to this country in time of emer­ be feasible to have some central place of concentration in the gency or in time of war in the movement of military equip­ United States where we would keep a certain percentage of ment, munitions, and supplies? our winged equipment and rubber-wheeled equipment. Then, Mr. SNYDER. I thank the gentleman for raising that in case of emergency, our winged material could reach either question. Replying to my friend from Pittsburgh, I woUld coast in 12 hours, and over these superhighways our rubber­ say that if we had this system of highways installed today wheeled equipment in 72 hours. and an emergency arose we would be at least 50 percent Mr. KNUTSON. Does the gentleman think we should better able to take care of ourselves and defend our shores anchor the Navy in the center of the country? than we would be without these highways. Mr. SNYDER. • I beg the gentleman's pardon. I am just Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield talking about the Army. for a further question. Mr. MICHENER. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? Mr. SNYDER. I gladly yield to my friend from West Mr. KNUTSON. I yield. Virginia. Mr. MICHENER. The gentleman's suggestion is that one Mr. RANDOLPH. I think it might be important to the of the prime benefits of this highway construction would be discussion to state at this time that the traffic toll in this to move the factories from the cities to the roadside, and that Nation continues at a high rate year after year, not so much the method of transportation-- · because we have the high-speed automobile on the highways Mr. KNUTSON. I said certain of the factories that could but due to our failure to work out a system of lane mads, operate as well away from river sites. the lanes separated by parkways, so that traffic moving in Mr. MICHENER. The gentleman would leave some of opposite directions is separated. them in the cities? Mr. SNYDER. That is very true. Mr. SNYDER. Yes. And now may I digress a minute with reference to national Mr. MICHENER. Assuming that the gentleman is cor­ defense? We have right now more than 1,200,000 boys, rect in leaving some of the factories in the city, this would graduates of first-class high schools in the United States, remove many factories from the city to the roadside in the who cannot find jobs. We could do nothing more humane country? or more appropriate than to for~ulate, let us say, a 3-year Mr. SNYDER. Yes; away from the roadside, within a half program to train at least 50,000 boys a year to be pilots, mile, we will say. mechanics, or technicians in the Air Service. It costs the Mr. MICHENER. Has the gentleman given any consid- Government $52.50 a month in my State to keep a boy eration to what effect that would have on the railroads? on W. P. A. It would cost the Government about $42.50 a Mr. SNYDER. Yes; and I spoke of that a minute ago. month to train that boy to be a pilot, to have him enlist in [Here the gavel fell.] the Army and prepare himself for future emergency. At Mr. SNYDER. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to the end of 3 years he would end his military service and proceed for 3 additional minutes. be trained. in some peacetime pursuit, some line of business. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the Mr. FADDIS. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. SNYDER]? Mr. SNYDER. I yield to the gentleman from Pennsyl­ There was no objection. vania. Mr. SNYDER. Mr. Speaker, you may ask, "Will the Gov­ Mr. FADDIS. The gentleman referred to the W. P. A. ernment build these roads?" That is of secondary impor­ -I am very much interested in the gentleman's proposition tance. I believe, however, that the roads should be built by to build these highways. I think it would be a wonderful contract to the lowest bidder per mile, and no contract to be thing for the Nation. In common with a great many other less than 10 miles. The same would be supervised, accepted, Members of Congress and a great many people throughout and approved by the Federal Government Army engineers. the Nation I have reached the place where I believe that You may also ask, "Should they be built by private indus­ it is absolutely imperative that we take some steps to replace try or by the Government?" If the bankers would take the W. P. A. with a program that will not only afford the some of their unused billions and build the roads at a very unemployed a means to make a living but that will return low rate of interest, perhaps that would be the better way. something definite to the Nation. You may also ask, "Should they be toll roads?" Well, I I was in the road contracting business for 20 years and suppose those who believe in sales tax would say "yes." Per­ used to know quite a bit about the construction of roads. haps some think it would be advisable to make them toll As I have driven over the roads in my own district and roads and keep them as such until they are paid for. How­ neighboring districts I have noticed countless numbers of ever, that, too, is a matter that is of minor importance as W. P. A. men out manicuring the highways. That is about compared with the actual building of the highways. the best name I have for it-manicuring the highways. I Yes, .my colleagues, a system of highways similar to this believe the gentleman's idea might afford some means of will be built; whether we build them now, that is the ques­ keeping these men employed where they would be of more tion. But in a space of just a few years-10 or 20-they will benefit to the Nation and at the same time be able to main­ be built by those who follow us if we do not build them. tain their self-respect than they are when employed in I know it sounds far-fetched, but changes in construction, manicuring the highways. transportation, and facilities take place rapidly. I was in Mr. ANDERSON of Missouri. Mr. Speaker, will the gentle­ Harrisburg Monday. They told me that they have done man yield? away with the streetcar system in that great city. If you 440 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--HOUSE JANUARY 18 had told the city fathers or the citizens of that city ·to Hart, New Jersey; Eugene J. Keogh, New York; Wade H. Kitchens, Arkansas; Lawrence J. Connery, Massachusetts; Martin F. years ago that they would have no streetcar service in 1939 Smith, Washington; ·John Lesinski, Michigan; Charles A. Buckley, they would have been inclinecl to send you to a doctor for an New York; Michael J. Kirwan, Ohio; Joseph R. Bryson, South Caro­ examination. lina; Thomas D'Alesandro, Jr., Maryland; Francis J. Myers, Penn­ is sylvania. So it with a program like this. It looks too ambitious Election of President, Vice President, and Representatives in Con­ to many of us, but I say again a system similar to this will gress: Caroline O'Day (chairman), New York; Leo Kocialkowsld, be built before very many years, because transportation, re­ Illinois; Edward W. Curley, New York; John F. Hunter, Ohio; A. J. Elliott, California; Butler B. Hare, South Carolina; ------, location of industrial cities, necessary national-defense facil­ ------ities, and other developments will make it absolutely nec­ Elections No. 1: C. Jasper Bell (chairman), Mfssouri; Herman P. essary. Eberharter, Pennsylvania; Wade H. Kitchens, Arkansas; A. Leonard Mr. Speaker, these roads may not be built exactly as Allen, Louisiana; ------, ~-- ---. Elections No. 2: Joseph A. Gavagan (chairman), New York; noted on this map. The engineers will determine whether George M. Grant, Alabama; Butler B. Hare, South Carolina; Ed they shall run north or south of a certain line. However, Gossett, Texas; ------, ------. this .is a generally acceptable scheme for the building of such Elections No.3: Albert Thomas (chairman), Texas; Jack Nichols, Oklahoma; Hugh Peterson, Georgia; Eugene J. Keogh, New York; transcontinental highways. W. F. Norrell, Arkansas; ------. I may say in conclusion that if the bankers of the United _Enrolled Bills: Claude V. Parsons (chairman), Illinois; Michael J. States who have billions of unused dollars on their shelves Kirwan, Ohio; John M. Coffee, Wa,shington; ------. will lend this money at a very low rate of interest for a Expenditures in the Executive Departments: John J. Cochran (cha~rman), Missouri; William M. Whittington, Mississippi; James period of years to build these highways they will be con­ A. 0 Leary, New York; John F. Hunter, Ohio; Knute Hill, Wash­ tributing to a real nation-building program. Ington; Edward J. Hart, New Jersey; Joe B. Bates, Kentucky; Pius [Here the gavel fell.] L .. Sch~ert, New York; Lindley Beckworth, Texas; A. F. Maciejew­ ski, Illmols; ------; ------; ------; Bernard MAJORITY COMMITTEE ASSIGNMENTS J. Gehrmann, Wisconsin. Mr. DOUGHTON. Mr. Speaker, I offer a privileged reso­ Flood Control: William ~· Whittington (chairman), Mississippi; Monrad C. Wallgren, Washmgton; Robert T. Secrest, Ohio; R. A. lution, whi~h I send to the Clerk's desk a:ad ask for its im­ (Lex) Green, Florida~ Leo Kocialkowski, illinois; A. Leonard Allen mediate adoption. Loui_siana; Vincent F. Harrington, Iowa; H. Jerry Voorhis, Cali~ The Clerk read as follows: forma; Kent _E. Keller, Illinois; William R. Poage, Texas; Harold K. Claypool, Oh10; Wade Hampton Kitchens, Arkansas; John R. Mur­ House Resolution 54 dock, Arizona; Joseph A. McArdle, Pennsylvania. Resolved, That the following-named Members be, and they are Foreign Affairs: Sam D. McReynolds (chairman), Tennessee; Sol hereby, elected members of the standing committees of the House Blo?m, New York; Lut her A. Johnson, Texas; John Kee, West Vir­ of Rep-resentatives, as follows: gima; James P. Richards, South Carolina; Thomas C. Hennings, Jr., Accounts: Lindsay C. Warren (chairman), North Carolina; John Missouri; James A. Shanley, Connecticut; Joseph L. Pfeifer, New J. Cochran, Missouri; Charles Kramer, California; Nat Patton, Texas; York; A. L. Ford, Mississippi; Ed. V. Izac. California; Robert L. Wade Hampton Kitchens, Arkansas; Frank· W. Boykin, Alabama; Mouton, Louisiana; Robert G. Allen, Pennsylvania; Pete Jarman, John L. McMillan, South Carolina. Alabama; Laurence F. Arnold, lllinois; W. 0. Burgin, North Agriculture: Marvin Jones (chairman), Texas; Hampton P. Ful­ Carolina. . · mer, Sout h Carolina; Wall Doxey, Mississippi; John W. Flannagan, Immigration. a;nd Naturalization: Samuel Dickstein (chairman), Jr., Virginia; Harry P. Beam, Illinois; James G. Polk, Ohio; Richard New York; Wilham T. Schulte, Indiana; Charles Kramer, Cali­ M. Kleberg, Texas; Fred Cummings, Colorado; Walter M. Pie~ce, fornia; John Lesinski, Michigan; Caroline O'Day, New York; R. A. Oregon; E. M. Owen, Georgia; Harold D. Cooley, North Carolina; (Lex) Green, Florida; Harold K. Claypool, Ohio; William R. Poage, Frank E. Hook, Michigan; Harry B. Coffee, Nebraska; Orville Zim­ Texas; Dan R. McGehee, Missi~ippi; A, Leonard Allen, Louisiana; merman, Missouri; Phil Ferguson, Oklahoma; Santiago Iglesias, George M. Grant, Alabama; John L. McMillan, South Carolina· Puerto Rico. Anton F. Maciejewski, illinois; E. C. Gathings, Arkansas. ' Appropriations: John H. Kerr, North Carolina; George H. Mahon, Indian Affairs: Will Rogers (chairman), Oklahoma; Wilburn Texas. Banking and Currency: Henry B . Steagall (chairman) , Alabama; Ca~twright, Oklahoma; Joe L. Smith, West Virginia; Samuel Dick­ T. Alan Goldsborough, Maryland; Clyde Williams, Missouri; Brent stem, New York; Knute Hill, Washington; James F. · O'Connor; Spence, Kentucky; Thomas F. Ford, California; ·Paul Brown, Georgia; Mon~ana; . John R. Murdock, Arizona; Harry R. Sheppard, Call­ Wright Patman, Texas; Marcellus H. Evans, New York; William B. forma; Lmdley Beckworth, Texas; ------; ------; Barry, New York; Leon Sacks, Pennsylvania; Albert Gore, Tennessee; Bernard J. Gehrmann, Wisconsin; R. T. Buckler, Minnesota; Wilbur D. Mills, Arkansas; John C. Martin, Illinois; Alonzo D. Anthony J. Dimond, Alaska. Folger, North Carolina ; Merlin Hull, Wisconsin. Insular Affairs: Leo Kocialkowski (chairman), Illinois; Joe L. Census: Matthew A. Dunn (chairman), Pennsylvania; William H. Smith, West Virginia; Wilburn Cartwright, Oklahoma; William H. Larrabee, Indiana; John E. Rankin, Mississippi; William R. Poage, Larrabee, Indiana; Dan R. McGehee, Mississippi; C. Ja,sper Bell, Texas; Guy L. Moser, Pennsylvania; A. Leonard Allen, Louisiana; Missouri; Caroline O'Day, New York; Newt V. Mills, Louisiana; Harry R. Sheppard, California; E. C. Gathings, Arkansas; Mike Mon­ J. W. Robinson, Utah; Butler B. Hare, South Carolina; Rudolph G. roney, Oklahoma; Pius L. Schwert, New York; Thomas V. Smith, Tenerowicz, Michigan; Ed Gossett, Texas; Joseph A. McArdle, Illinois; Rudolph G. Tenerowicz, Michigan; ------; R. T. Pennsylvania; ------; Santiago Iglesias, Puerto Rico. Buckler, Minnesota. Interstate and Foreign Commerce: Clarence F. Lea (chairman) Civil Service: Robert Ramspeck (chairman), Georgia; William I. California; Robert Crosser, Ohio; Alfred L. Bulwinkle, North Caro~ Sirovich, New York; Jennings Randolph, West Virginia; Edward w. lina; Virgil Chapman •. Kentucky; William P. Cole, Jr., Maryland; Curley, New York; Frank W. Fries, Illinois; Wade Hampton Kitchens, Edward A. Kelly, Illin01s; John A. Martin, Colorado; Herron Pearson, . Arkansas; Guy L. Moser, Pennsylvania; Newt V. Mills, Louisiana; Tennessee; Lyle H. Boren, Oklahoma; Martin J. Kennedy, New York; George M. Grant, Alabama; Lindley Beckworth, Texas; John L. Elmer J. Ryan, Minnesota; Charles L. South, Texas; James P. Mc­ McMillan, South Carolina; Thomas V. Smith, Illinois; Granery, Pennsylvania; Donald L. O'Toole, New York; Luther Patrick, ---· ; Bernard J. Gehrmann, Wisconsin. Alabama. Claims: Ambrose J. Kennedy (chairman), Maryland; Robert Invalid Pensions: John Lesinski (chairman), Michigan; Andrew Ramspeck, Georgia; Samuel Dickstein, New York; Dan R. McGehee, L. Somers, New York; JoeL. Smith, West Virginia; Kent E. Keller, Mississippi; Jack Nichols, Oklahoma; John M. Coffee, Washington; Tilinois; Monrad C. Wallgren, Washington; Frank W. Fries, Tilinois; Herman P. Eberharter, Pennsylvania; Eugene J. Keogh, New York; Edward W. Curley, New York; Guy L. Moser, Pennsylvania; Thomas W. R. Poage, Texas; Anton F. Maciejewski, Illinois; Clyde T. Ellis, D'Alesandro, Jr., Maryland; ------; ------; --­ Arkansas; ------, ------. ---; R. T. Buckler, Minnesota; Vito Marcantonio, New York. Coinage, Weights, and Measures: Andrew L. Somers (chairman), Irrigation and Reclamation: Compton I. White (chairman), New York; John J. Cochran, Missouri; William H. Larrabee, In­ Idaho; Knute Hill, Washington; J. W. Robinson, Utah; Albert diana; Compton I. White, Idaho; Claude V. Parsons, Illinois; Will Thomas, Texas; John R. Murdock, Arizona; James F. O'Connor, Rogers, Oklahoma; Dan R. McGehee, Mississippi; Vincent F. Har­ Montana; Harry R. Sheppard, California; Wilburn Cartwright, Okla­ rington, Iowa; Herman P . Eberharter, Pennsylvania; John F. Hunter, homa; Kent E. Keller, lllinois; William T. Schulte, Indiana; Ed Ohio; Harry R. Sheppard, California; W. F. Norrell, Arkansas; Wil­ Gossett, Texas; E. C. Gathings, Arkansas; ------; --- liam D. Byron, Maryland; ------. Disposition of Executive Papers: A. J. Elliott (chairman,), Cali­ Jmliciary: Hatton W. Sumners (chairman), Texas; Emanuel Gel­ fornia. ler, New York; Zebulon Weaver, North Carolina; Arthur D. Healey, ~!strict of Columbia: Jennings Randolph (chairman), West Vir­ Massachusetts; Francis E. Walter, Pennsylvania.; Walter Chandler, gima; Ambrose J. Kennedy, Maryland; William T. Schulte, Indiana; Tennessee; Charles F. McLaughlin, Nebraska; Sam Hobbs, Alabama; Reuben T. Wood, Missouri; Jack Nichols, Oklahoma; Dan R. Mc­ Abe Murdock, Utah; John H. Tolan, California; Edward W. Creal, Gehee, ~ississippi; Joe B. Bates, Kentucky; William D. Byron, Mary­ Kentucky; W1lliam T. Byrne, New York; Sam C. Massingale, Okla­ land; Pms L. Schwert, New York; Joseph A. McArdle, Pennsylvania; homa; Dave E. Satterfield, Jr., Virginia; James M. Barnes, Illinois; w. Ben Gibbs, Georgia. Education: 'william H. L~rrabee (chair~an), Indiana;· Rene L. · Labor: Mary T. Norton (chairman), New Jersey; Robert Ram­ ~ _ DeRouen. Louisiana; Graham A. Barden, North Carolina; Edward J. speck, Georgia; Kent E. Keller, Illinois; Matthew A. Dunn, Pennsyl- 1939 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 441 vania; Reuben T. Wood, Missouri; Jennings Randolph, West Vir­ Rules: Adolph J. Sabat.h (chairman), lllinois; E. E. Cnx, Georgia; ginia; John Lesinski, Michigan; Edward W. Curley, New York : Howard W. Smith, Virginia; J. Bayard Clark, North Carolina; Mar­ Albert Thomas, Texas; Graham A. Barden, North Carolina; Frank W. tin Dies, Texas; Lawrence Lewis, Colorado; John J. Delaney, New Fries, Illinois; Lawrence J. Connery, Massachusetts; W. F. Norrell, York; William M. Colmer, Mississippi; William L. Nelson, Missouri; Al·kansas; Thomas D'Alesandro, Jr., Maryland; Santiago Iglesias, John J. Dempsey, New Mexico. • Puerto Rico. Territories : R. A. (Lex) Green (chairman), Florida; Eugene B. Library: Kent E. Keller (chairman) , Illinois; Robert T. Secrest, Crowe, Indiana; Claude V. Parsons, Illinois; Hugh Peterson, Geor­ Ohio; Graham A. Barden, North Carolina. gia; Jack Nichols. Oklahoma; Nat P atton, Texas; Newt V. Mills, Memorials: Alfred L. Bulwinkle (chairman) , North Carolina; Loulslana; J. W. Robinson, Utah; Joseph R. Bryson, South Caro­ Mary T. Norton, New Jersey. lina; Ed Gossett, Texas; Clyde T. Ellis, Arkansas; ------; Merchant Marine and Fi-sheries: Schuyler Otis Bland (chairman), ------;Anthony J. Dimond, Alaska; Santiago Iglesias, Puerto Virginia; William I. Sirovich, New York; Robert Ramspeck, Georgia; Rico. Ambrose J. Kennedy, Maryland; Man C. Wallgren, Washington; War Claims: Reuben T. Wood (chairman), Missouri; Joseph A. Joseph J. Mansfield, Texas; Lindsay C. Warren , North Carolina; Gavagan, New York; Edward J. Hart, New Jersey; William R. Poage, Eugene B. Crowe, Indiana; Edward J. Hart, New Jersey; James A. Texas; Martin F. Smith, Washington; Newt V. Mills, Louisiana; O'Leary, New York; Frank W. Boykin, Alabama; J. Hardin Pet erson, Lawrence J . Connery, Massachusett s; E. C. Gathings, Arkansas; Florida; Jack Nichols, Oklahoma; Vincent F. Harrington, Iowa; Joseph R. Bryson, South Carolina; Pius L. Schwert, New York; Anthony J. Dimond, Alaska. Military Affairs: Andrew J. May (chairman), Kentucky; R . Ewing World War ;Veterans' Leg i~lation: John E. Rankin (chairman), Thomason, Texas; Dow W. Harter, Ohio; Charles I. Faddis, Pennsyl­ Mississippi; Ha.rold K. Claypool, Ohio; Jerrry Voorhis, California; vania; Clarence W. Turner, Tennessee; Andrew Edmiston, West Vir­ Joe B. Bates, Kentucky; George M. Grant, Alabama; Butler B. Hare, ginia; Edwin M. Schaefer, Illinois; J. Joseph Smith, Connecticut; South Carolina; E. C. Gathings, Arkansas; Joseph A. McArdle, Penn­ Matthew J. Merritt, New York; John M. Costello, California; sylvania; Joseph R. Bryson, South Carolina; Rudolph G. Tenerowicz, C. Arthur Anderson, Missouri; Stephen Pace, Georgia; Overton Michigan; Pius L. Schwert, New York; ------; ------. Brooks, Louisiana; John J. Sparkman, Alabama; Paul J. Kilday, Texas. The resolution was agreed to. Mines and Mining: Joe L. Smith (chairman), West Virginia; MINORITY COMMITTEE ASSIGNMENTS Andrew L. Somers, New York; J. Hardin Peterson, Florida; Robert T . Secrest, Ohio; Harold K. Claypool, Ohio; Guy L. Moser, Pennsyl­ Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. Mr. Speaker, I offer sev­ vania; William D. Byron, Maryland; Lindley Beckworth, Texas; eral resolutions, which I send to the Clerk's desk. Mike Monroney, Oklahoma; W. F . Norrell, Arkansas; ------; The Clerk read as follows: ------·- ---, Vito Marcantonio, New York; Anthony J. Dimond, Alaska. . House Resolution 55 Naval Affairs: Carl Vinson (chairman), Georgia; Patrick Henry Resolved, That the following Members be, and they are hereby, Drewry, Virginia; Leonard W. Schuetz, Illinois; William H. Sutphin, elected to the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Rep­ New Jersey; Joseph B. Shannon, Missouri; Warren G . Magnuson, resentatives, to wit: Karl Stefan, of Nebraska; Francis H. Case, of Washington; Lyndon B. Johnson, Texas; William S. Jacobsen, South Dakota; Dudley A. White, of Ohio; Clarence J. McLeod, of Iowa; Franck R. Havenner, California; Michael J. Bradley, Penn­ Michigan; Chester C. Bolton, of Ohio. sylvania; John K. Griffith, Louisiana; Beverly M. Vincent, Ken­ House Resolution 56 tucky; Colgate W. Darden, Jr., Virginia; Pat Cannon, Florida; Resolved, That the following Members be, and they are hereby, James H. Fay, New York. . elected to the Committee on Rules of the House of Representatives, Patents: William I. Sirovich (chairman), New York; Fritz G. to wit: Carl E. Mapes, of Michigan; J . Will Taylor, of Tennessee; Lanham, Texas; Matthew A. Dunn, Pennsylvania; Charles Kramer, Hamilton Fish, of New York; Leo E. Allen, of Illinois. California; Frank W. Boykin, Alabama; Lawrence J. Connery, Massa­ House Resolution 57 chusetts; Charles A. Buckley, New York; John M. Coffee, Washing­ ton; Rudolph G. Tenerowicz, Michigan; Mike Monroney, Okla­ Resolved, .That the following Members be, and they are hereby, homa; Francis J. Myers, Pennsylvania; Thomas D'Alesandro, Jr., elected to the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Maryland;------;------. Representatives, to wit: Donald H. McLean, of New Jersey; Bertrand Pensions: Martin F. Smith (chairman), Washington; Reuben T. W. Gearhart, of California; Frank Carlson, of Kansas; Benjamin Wood, Missouri; Charles A. Buckley, New York; Nat Patton, Texas; Jarrett, of Pennsylvania. James A. O'Leary, New York; John F . Hunter, Ohio; Albert Thomas, House Resolution 58 Texas; Eugene B. Crowe, Indiana; William D. Byron, Maryland; Resolved, That the following Members be, and they are hereby, John L. McMillan, South Carolina; Francis J. Myers, Pennsylvania; elected to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce of the House of Representatives, to wit: Carl E. Mapes, of Michigan; Post Office ~nd Post Road~: Milton A. ~mjue (chairman) , Mis­ Charles A. Wolverton, of New Jersey; James Wolfenden, of Penn­ souri; Thomas G. Burch, Virginia; Martin L. Sweeney; Ohio; William sylvania; Pehr G. Holmes, of Massachusetts; B. Carroll Reece, of A. Ashbrook, Ohio; Arthur W. Mitchell, Illinois; B. Frank Whelchel, Tennessee; James W. Wadsworth, of New York; Charles A. Halleck, Georgia; Joe Hendricks, Florida; Noble J. Gregory, Kentucky; Thomas of Indiana; Oscar Youngdahl, of Minnesota; Carl Hinshaw, of Cali­ A. Flaherty, Massachusetts; Clyde L. Garrett, Texas; J. Harold Flan­ fornia; Clarence J. Brow~ of Ohio. nery, Pennsylvania; Carl T. Durham, North Carolina; Michael J. Kennedy, New York; Lee E. Geyer, California; Joseph W. Byrns, Jr., The resolutions were agreed to. Tennessee. EXTENSION OF REMARKS Printing: Pete Jarman (chairman), Alabama; Lawrence J. Con­ Mr. MAY. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ex­ nery, Massachusetts. Public Buildings and Grounds: Fritz G. Lanham (chairman), tend my remarks in the Appendix of the RECORD and to Texas; Eugene .B. Crowe, Indiana; C. Jasper Bell, Missouri; Charles include therein an address delivered by Vincent M. Miles, A. Buckley, New York; Frank W. Boykin, Alabama; Michael J . Kir­ Solicitor of the United States Post Office Department, at the wan, Ohio; Newt V. Mills, Louisiana; Frank W. Fries, Illinois; Her­ Jackson Day dinner held in Louisville, KY., on January 7. man P. Eberharter, Pennsylvania; A. J . Elliott, California; Butler B. Hare, South Carolina; Mike Monroney, Oklahoma; Thomas V. Smith, The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the Illinois;------. gentleman from Kentucky [Mr. MAY]? Public Lands: Rene L. DeRouen (chairman), Louisiana; J. W. There was no objection. Robinson, Utah; Knute Hill, Washington; Compton I. White, Idaho; J. Harden Peterson, Florida; Hugh Peterson, Georgia; John R. Mur­ SESSIONS OF THE COMMITTEE ON MILITARY AFFAIRS dock, Arizona; James F. O'Connor, Montana; Jerry Voorhis, Cali­ Mr. MAY. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that the fornia; A. J. Elliott, California; Clyde T. Ellis, Arkansas; --­ Committee on Military Affairs may sit during the sessions ---; Vito Marcantonio, New York; Anthony J. Dimond, Alaska. Revision of the Laws: Eugene J. Keogh (chairman), New York; of the House during the remainder of this week. John M. Coffee, Washington; J. Hardin Peterson, Florida; Clyde T. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the Ellis, Arkansas; Ed Gossett, Texas; Francis J. Myers, Pennsylvania; gentleman from Kentucky [Mr. MAY]? There was no objection. ~rs and; Harbors: Jos~ph J. Mansfield (chairman), Texas; Joseph A. Gavagan, New York; Rene L. DeRouen, Louisiana; R. A. EXTENSION OF REMARKS (Lex) Green, Florida; Claude V. Parsons, Illinois; Martin F. Smith, Mr. PACE. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ex­ Washington; William T. Schulte, Indiana; Hugh Peterson, Georgia; C. Jasper Bell, Missouri; Graham A. Barden, North Carolina; John tend my own remarks in the RECORD and to include therein E. Rankin, Mississippi; Frank W. Boykin, Alabama; Vincent F. Har­ a statement of the Committee on Economic Conditions in the rington, Iowa; Jerry Voorhis, California; Michael J. Kirwan, Ohio; South. Anthony J. Dimond, Alaska. Roads: Wilburn Cartwright (chairman), Oklahoma; Lindsay C. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the Warren.. 'North Carolina; William M. Whittington, Mississippi; Mon­ gentleman from Georgia [Mr. PACE]? rad C. Wallgren, Washington; J. W. Robinson, Utah; Jennings Ran­ There was no objection. dolph, West Virginia; Robert T . Secrest, Ohio; Hugh Peterson, Mr. GRANT of Alabama. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous Geor·gia; Nat Patton, Texas; Alfred J. Elliott, California; Joe B. Bat es, Kentucky; George M. Grant, Alabama; ------; Ber­ consent to extend my own remarks in the RECORD and to in­ nard J. Gehrmann, Wisconsin; Anthony J. Dimond, Alaska. clude therein the text of Governor Dixon's inaugural speech, 442 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 18 delivered at Montgomery, Ala., on Wednesday, January 18, Mr. STEFAN. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? 1939. Mr. DICKSTEIN. Not at this point. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the Mr. STEFAN. The gentleman made the statement we are gentleman from Alabama [Mr. GRANT]? not doing anything to help foreign political refugees. There was no objection. Mr. DICKSTEIN. We are not. The SPEAKER. Under a previous order of the House, the Mr. STEFAN. We have a commission over in Europe now gentleman from New York [Mr. DICKSTEIN] is recognized for for the purpose of helping foreign political refugees, have we 30 minutes. not? Mr. DICKSTEIN. Mr. Speaker, when the Congress is Mr. DICKSTEIN. No; we are not helping foreign political about to reorganize there are certain groups or societies that refugees. immediately start propagandizing the Members on various Mr. STEFAN. What is the commission doing there, then? questions. At the present time we have certain groups in Mr. DICKSTEIN. I do not know what they are doing Washington and elsewhere sending out propaganda dealing there. I am not at the table with them. I am now talking with the so-called immigration problem and dealing also about immigration and the immigration law. with the question of EUropean refugees. In every instance Mr. STEFAN. The gentleman referred to foreign political this propaganda which you and I have.received and will con­ refugees and said we are not doing anything to help them. tinue to receive day in and day out is not true. You will We have a commission in Europe now. find that the bulk of the information contained therein is Mr. DICKSTEIN. I am telling the gentleman we are inaccurate. It simply seeks to mislead you when legislation doing nothing as far as allowing refugees to come Into this dealing with this very serious problem is presented on the country is concerned. floor of the House so that you may perhaps be misguided Mr. STEFAN. The gentleman should qualify his state­ when you vote on these questions. ment. As chairman of the Committee on Immigration, on which Mr. DICKSTEIN. No refugees are coming here other than committee I have had the honor to serve for the last 10 persons who are entitled to come under the quota law years, may I say to the Members that I shall be glad to assist enacted in 1924, and then they must show they will not be­ them in furnishing information and authentic figures on any come public charges, and they must be physically and mor­ questions they may present, so that you may have an ac­ ally fit. curate and true picture of the situation. Mr. STEFAN. I agree with the gentleman as to that, We have certain writers in this country and certain but the gentleman should qualify his statement that we are people in the country who have never seen an immigrant, not doing anything to help foreign political refugees when although they write books about them. We have lecturers we have an American commission in Europe helping foreign who go around the various cities of the country, including political refugees. Washington, and preach the doctrine of hate and intoler­ Mr. DICKSTEIN. ·I do not intend to modify my state­ ance. I think we, as Members of Congress and as legislators, ment. I repeat that conferences and commissions do not should be fully acquainted with this problem so that you help people to escape death, because they simply lead to and I and the country at large will know that -all of this more commissions and more conferences. When I say we propaganda is not true and that it is given out in an effort to are doing nothing to help refugees I mean that we are not array hate and intolerance against fair play. allowing them to use up the quotas that are left over every Immigration has been a problem of our Government year in this country and that we throw in the basket. I am almost from the very creation of the country, We have saying, figuratively speaking, that we are not allowing references to immigration in our Constitution. human beings to save their lives by letting them come in Recent events have brought immigration to the forefront here under the unused quotas. I am not speaking of con­ of public discussion and the public press is full of state­ ferences, wherever they are. ments to. the effect that there is an influx into this country As to the number of aliens, the number of aliens admitted of refugees from Germany and other places, and that as to the United States since the restrictive immigration laws a result the economic structure of the United States is being went into effect has been dwindling from year to year. In adversely affected. • 1935 the total number admitted was 34,956; in 1936 the total It is important for us as legislators to have a clear under­ number aqmitted was 36,327; in 1937, 50,244; and in the last standing of what is involved in this situation. For the benefit year, 67,895. But against this figure must be charged the of the Congress I have taken the trouble to go through these number of aliens who left the United States during the years statistics, and I wish to present my findings to you this in question, and it will . be o'Qserved that for 6 years, from morning. 1931 to and including 1936, the number of departures ex­ ceeded the number of admissions. So that we have for the We will consider first the following provisions: years 1931 to 1936 the following figures: 1. The number of aliens. 1931, 10,237 more aliens left this country than entered it. 2. The deportation of aliens. 1932, 112,786 more aliens left this country than entered it. 3. Immigration quotas. 1933, 93,074 more aliens left this country than entered it. My analysis of these figures, as well as the analysis of the 1934, 13,268 more aliens left this country than entered it. Department, leads to the following conclusions: 1935, 9,329 more aliens left thi~ country than entered it. A. The statement made by various groups that there is a 1936, 2,385 more aliens left this country than entered it. large influx of aliens is not true. As a matter of fact, there It is only since 1937-in the last 2 years-that immigration is no influx of aliens to the United States. exceeds emigration, and, even so, the excess is very slight. B. The number of deportations is continuously increasing In 1937 the net number of immigrants was 7,302, and . in instead of decreasing, despite the charges made by certain 1938 the net number of immigrants was 30,083. So that in Members of the House regarding the attitude of the Depart­ the face of all the clamor raised about refugees and others ment of Labor toward deportation. entering the United States we only had a net total immigra­ C. The immigration quotas in the past few years in many tion last year of little over 30,000. instances have not been filled. As to deportations, the number of deportations have been Therefore, the charge that thousands upon thousands of increasing from year to year, and the total of. deportations refugees are coming into the United States and flooding this should be further deducted from the amount of net immi­ country is absolutely false and untrue, and the charge that gration for the years in question. Thus, we find that in 1934 the quotas are now being filled or have been filled in the there were 8,879 aliens deported; in 1935, 8,319; in 1936, 9,915; recent past is not true. in 1937, 8,829; and in 1938, 9,275. The·average deportations As I go along I will show that this country has done being around 8,500 to 9,000 in each year. nothing to help refugees and that no persons come into the As to immigration quotas, the annual immigration quota United States other than those whom the law allows to come. under the immigration law is 153,774. In not a single Year 1939 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 443 since the law went into effect has this quota been reached, day next week, he will learn something about the Department and no immigration quotas in any one year since 1931 were of Labor that he does not know now. in excess of 50,000. As a matter of fact, the number is far Mr. DICKSTEIN. I do not think the Department can below this figure. In 1931 there were 54,118 aliens admitted teach me any more than I know now, or the gentleman's to ·the United States under immigration quotas, but this fig­ committee or any other committee of this House dealing with ure represents the highest total number of admissions in any that question. one year between 1931 and 1938. The following year, 1932, Mr. PACE. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? had but 12,983 quota visas issued, and the low was reached in Mr. DICKSTEIN. I yield. the following year, 1933, when only 8,220 quota visas were Mr. PACE. The gentleman has given us figures on those issued. In 1934 the number was 12,483; in 1935, 17,207; in who have entered legally. Has the gentleman any estimate 1936, 18,675; in 1937, 27,762; and in 1938, 42,494. So that even of any considerable number that have entered illegally and in 1938, with all demands by refugees and others, the total are not included in the quota figures the gentleman has quota visas issued was less than that in 1931, and far below given us? the authorized quota of 153,774. Mr. DICKSTEIN. I can do that as I go along with my There is an impression abroad to the effect that the pas­ remarks. sage of the restricted immigration law by Congress was abso­ Mr. DEMPSEY. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? lutely necessary because of economic conditions then existing . Mr. DICKSTEIN. I yield. in the United States. Somehow or other, right after the Mr. DEMPSEY. The gentleman has said that neither the World War most statesmen insisted on restricting the num­ gentleman from New Jersey [Mr. THoMAs] nor the members ber of aliens who would be inclined to enter this country, of the committee can teach him anything he does not know apparently being afraid that a large influx of immigrants about the Department of Labor or about immigration. If would destroy our economic system. And yet, strange as it the gentleman believes that the attitude of the Secretary may seem, right after the passage of the restricted immigra­ of Labor has been consistent in the Bridges case, all the gen­ tion law, and, in fact, for 7 years or so thereafter, the number tleman needs to do is to refer to his own record in his own of emigrants who left the United States exceeded the number committee, because, as a matter of fact, I had passed through of those who entered this country. The figures also show this House a bill involving a case where the Secretary of La­ that only in the last 2 years -there has been a somewhat bor de.sired to deport two aliens who were here, who were increased number of immigrants as against emigrants; and observmg the laws, but one night they simply got into a com­ even so, the number is very slight. munistic meeting by mistake, and it was mandatory upon the We, as legislators, who are accustomed to analyze and Secretary of Labor, so she said, to deport these two men al­ digest facts, must therefore take exception to the promiscuous though Mr. Bridges and others are here, who are viola'ting statements relating to immigration which come from so­ t:tte same law. Apparently it is not mandatory to deport that called patriotic organizations or the American Legion, even type of person. if those expressions be well meaning and intended to convey Mr. DICKSTEIN. I am in sympathy with the gentleman's facts. The record speaks for itself. thought, but you are talking now of the Dies committee­ I am not quarreling with some of my colleagues who have the Dies committee that the Dickstein resolution created. spoken about ihe Department of Labor, but figures do not lie. . Mr. DEMPSEY. I think the gentleman did a very good I believe the Department of Labor under this administration JOb. has a fine record to its credit in connection with the deporta­ Mr. DICKSTEIN. I never got any acknowledgment from tion of aliens. the gentleman or from Mr. DIES, or anybody else, neither did I get any medals, nor am I seeking any medals but I think I · Mr. THOMAS of New Jersey. Mr. Speaker, will the gen­ tried to do a good job. ' tleman yield? Mr. DEMPSEY. Let me say to the gentleman he never Mr. DICKSTEIN. For a brief question. made it known to me that he was the creator of the Dies Mr. THOMAS of New Jersey. Of course, the gentleman is committee. not referring to the cases of persons like Bridges and Mr. DICKSTEIN. Well, I am the father and the mother. Pritchett, who may be in this country illegally? Mr. DEMPSEY. That is news to me, and I am sure it is Mr. DICKSTEIN. I do not know that I understand what to most of the Members. the question is. I am referring to deportation of . aliens Mr. DICKSTEIN· Let me answer the gentleman's question back to their homelands. · by saying that I always tried in my investigation in the pre­ Mr. THOMAS of New Jersey. The gentleman does not vious committee, under the leadership of JOHN McCORMAcK. mean that he believes the Department of Labor has had a to protect character and reputation, no matter who the per­ very good record in deporting the Communists who are son may have been. I would not allow a lot of numbskulls illegally in this country. and crackpots to come before a meeting of a congressional Mr. DICKSTEIN. I mean to say that the Department of committee and let them talk their heads off for days and array Labor has a record for deporting all aliens who have no one group against another. I would not bring in labor right to be in the United States, be they Communists or strikes, and I would not bring in a million other things; and members of any other group that should be out of the coun­ if I had something to say about the Department of Labor, I try. I assume the gentleman wants me to take up the would not issue too many press releases without giving the cudgels for Bridges, but all I can ~ay to the gentleman, American people absolute facts as to what the charges were. without taking up too much of my time, is that I am not in Now the point is th~t the gentleman says she has deported sympathy with Bridges and so far as I am concerned he two aliens in hardship cases, or tried to do so-- can leave now, but the Department is proceeding under law . Mr. DEMPSEY. I say she tried to do that. and order and when the decision comes down from the Mr. DICKSTEIN. And she did not deport Bridges. I have Supreme Court dealing with that matter and other questions, told you, in answer to my good friend from New Jersey [Mr. I am sure the gentleman himself, in spite of the statement THOMAsJ-and he knows my attitude on this. question-! am about his alleged charges for impeachment of the Secretary not holding any brief for anybody that ought to be deported, of Labor, will be satisfied that the law is to be enforced. and I do not say that Mr. Bridges ought to get a bouquet of Mr. THOMAS of New Jersey. Will the gentleman yield flowers. If he does not belong here, he ought to be deported; further? but for heaven's sake, let us do it lawfully. Let us do it Mr. DICKSTEIN. I yield for a brief question. legally. If there is a case pending in the Supreme Court that Mr. THOMAS of New Jersey. I think the gentleman from deals with that problem and affects the Bridges case, I say New York is making a very interesting address and I am wait for the decision in the pending case, and do not issue any pleased to see that he is including the statistics he has re­ statement and do not make accusations but give her a chance ferred to and I believe they will be very helpful to the Con­ to present the facts in an orderly way and in an American gress. I think if the gentleman will be at the sessions every way, and I do not think the committee saw that point. 444 . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 18 Mr. DEMPSEY. Let me say to the gentleman that the Secretary of Labor had either refused or failed to carry out cases pending in the Supreme Court, in the unanimous opin­ the orders of the court? ion of the members of the Dies committee, have no bearing Mr. DICKSTEIN. No. I want to get the record straight, upon the Bridges case. as we say, and I say this to my good friend, the ranking mem­ Mr. DICKSTEIN. I have the highest regard for the gen­ ber on the Republican side of our committee. We passed in tleman and for Mr. DIES and for every member of that com­ the last Congress the Dies bill, which would save the deporta­ mittee. I honestly believe you tried to do a real job. I do tion of 8,000 aliens of good character who had family ties in not want to go into that question now. I hope to say some­ this country, but who were technically deportable. We tried thing about that at a later time. to save them by allowing them to stay if the Dies bill became Mr. DEMPSEY. May I answer very briefly one thing that a law. We passed that bill in the House by a vote of 6 to 1, the gentleman has said. and it got to the Senate during the last week of the session, The gentleman stated that he would not permit crackpots as all immigration bills do get to the Senate at that time. and irresponsible people to come ·before the committee and The bill died there. Under that bill we would have allowed testify. My position, as recorded by the press, is very well these people to stay. Presently, technically, they are subject known on that subject. However, I say this to the gentle­ to deportation. man. When the committee came before this body and asked Mr. TAYLOR of Tennessee. Not those people who had· for $100,000 to conduct that investigation, they were told been ordered deported through court proceedings. by the membership of the House that they would receive Mr. DICKSTEIN. The courts do not order deportation, attorneys from the Department of Justice, that they would the Secretary of Labor does that. And the cases which were receive investigators from the Department of the Treasury covered by the Dies bill had not-certainly over 99 percent and the Department of Justice, but if the gentleman has of them-been before the courts. read the report of the committee, he will have found out Mr. TAYLOR of Tennessee. We had information of some that they were refused these people by the Departments. 3,000 such cases. The committee did the best it could with the money that Mr. DICKSTEIN. I know; but we get so much informa­ it had. tion, and if you carry through with it, you find that it is just Mr. DICKSTEIN. I did not read the report. a lot of propaganda. Mr. DEMPSEY. I thought so. Mr. TAYLOR of Tennessee. I never heard that informa­ Mr. DICKSTEIN. But I read the evidence, and I could tion challenged. not find anything in the evidence that any court of law or Mr. DICKSTEIN. Let me repeat that. We allowed a lot even a justice of the peace would permit. of these 8,000 fathers to stay here. They are married to Mr. DEMPSEY. I agree with that. American women and have children who are Americans. Mr. DICKSTEIN. Then what is your report? The re­ They have committed no crime involving moral turpitude. port is based on the evidence in the record, and I am telling At the same time that law would deport 20,000 alien criminals you that the report has a lot of :fine language in it. I admit that we cannot deport at all. If there are criminals here, I that, but it is based on nothing from the documents that were am willing to do everything I can with my colleague and in the possession of the committee. other colleagues to see that the law is enforced. Mr. DEMPSEY. That is the opinion of one man who Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? says that he did not read the report. The gentleman does Mr. DICKSTEIN. Yes. not know what is in the report. Mr. COCHRAN. As a matter of fact, the law makes it Mr. DICKSTEIN. I say this. The information which is mandatory, when an alien is convicted of a crime involving in the report should be based on the evidence that was in moral turpitude, to deport him. the record. Mr. DICKSTEIN. That is correct in part. Mr. DEMPSEY. The report is based on the evidence that Mr. COCHRAN. Is it not a fact that there are in this is in the record. · country today aliens subject to deportation under that law who are still in the United States and should be deported? Mr. DICKSTEIN. But the report and the conclusions in Mr. DICKSTEIN. I have to answer this question in this the report and the record of the documents themselves are way. inconsistent with each other. Mr. COCHAN. Answer it "yes" or "no." Mr. DEMPSEY. That is only the gentleman's opinion. Mr. DICKSTEIN. I am not going to answer it "yes" or Mr. DICKSTEIN. Mr. Speaker, I desire to finish my "no." This is not a "yes" or "no" proposition. It is too serious speech and I do not desire to yield further. I say again a proposition to answer "yes" or "no." there is no personal criticism to be made against Mr. DIEs Mr. COCHRAN. When a person has been convicted of a or the individual members of his committee. I say publicly crime involving moral turpitude and served time in the peni­ that they started out to do a job, and I am not in position tentiary the law says they must leave the country, and they now to pass judgment on what they did or did not do. This should be made to leave the country. was just brought in during my discussion of an immigration Mr. DICKSTEIN. The gentleman first ought to under­ problem. Now, coming right back to the question of depor­ stand the law. He is misquoting the law. The law provides tation-and I am coming back to the gentleman's question­ that an alien who has committed two crimes involving moral the number of deportations has been increasing from year to turpitude, and who has been sentenced therefor to a year or year, and the total deportations should be further deducted more in prison, or who has committed a crime involving moral from the amount of net immigration for the year in ques­ turpitude within 5 years of entry and sentenced therefor to tion. Thus we find that in 1934, under the present adminis­ a year or more in prison, can be deported at any time. We tration, there were 8,879 aliens deported. In 1935 another have in this country today nearly eighteen or twenty thousand 8,319, and in 1936 over 9,000 or 10,000 people were deported. alien criminals who have been here more than 5 years who In 1937, 8,829 were deported, and in 1938, 9,275 were deported, have not been convicted of two felonies involving moral turpi­ and the average number of deportations by the Secretary of tude, but who have been convicted of one felony and perhaps Labor for those years was close to 9,000, and the records will 20 misdemeanors. The Department has no power to deport bear me out. those people. Under the Dies bill that we passed last year, Mr. TAYLOR of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, will the gentle­ I sought on one hand to allow 8,000 people-decent people­ man yield? to remain here, and with the same law deport eighteen or Mr. DICKSTEIN. Yes. twenty thousand criminals who should be deported. Mr. TAYLOR of Tennessee. Did we have evidence before Mr. RICH. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? the committee at the last session of Congress that there were Mr. DICKSTEIN. I yield. some 3,000 aliens, who had been ordered deported by the Mr. RICH. Last year the gentleman made statements With courts, who were still here in the United States and that the reference to people in this country who should be deported, 1939 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 445 especially when the· gentleman was discussing the German tion Service. A young Irishman first entered the United bund camps, and that many of those people had not been nat­ States in December 1923 at the port of New York and was ad­ uralized. The gentleman stated then that they should be mitted for a period of 6 months. He stated, when examined deported and the gentleman criticized the Department of in deportation proceedings later started, that he intended to Labor for not deporting them. I am now surprised at the make this country his permanent home when he first arrived statement the gentleman is making, defending the Depart­ in the United States. He remained here until 1928 when, ment of Labor for not deporting these people. desiring to go abroad to visit, he applied for a reentry per­ Mr. DICKSTEIN. I think the gentleman is misquoting mit. Through error on the part of one of the clerks at something I was supposed to have said that I have not said. Ellis Island, the record of his entry in 1923 was recorded as Mr. RICH. No. I was on the floor of the House and I one for permanent residence and he was issued a permit. listened to those statements. He departed and after his reentry into the United States Mr. DICKSTEIN. No alien who is in this country legally he married a legally admitted Irish girl in 1929. Desiring can be deported. If an alien enters· properly, does nothing to complete an application for citizenship, he appeared at which the immigration laws prohibit after his entry, he can­ the naturalization office in New York in 1933 and then not be deported. Deportation must be grounded on some learned that he was in the United States illegally. He provision of the immigration laws as they exist today, so I promptly and voluntarily sought advice as to his immigra­ could not have possibly told you that these people, because tion status at -Ellis Island. Notwithstanding his apparent they were Nazis, could be deported. desirability, notwithstanding the unfortunate predicament For many years I called attention to the fact that the Quota in which he finds himself, through an error on the part of Act of 1924 discriminates against American families. Because the GoveriL'llent, notwithstanding that he is now established of the fact that quotas are so small for countries of eastern here with a family, he is subject to deportation under exist­ and southern Europe, American citizens whose family ties are ing law. · with those countries are being discriminated against, while The case I have cited is typical of many others involving American families whose relatives come from England or hardships brought about by our deportation laws. The northern Europe are in a better position to unite with their aliens concerned are not criminals; they are not of the im­ families. The fact that the quota law is so arranged that moral type; they are not mentally or physically unsound; two-thirds of it goes to northern and western Europe and they are not public charges. Illegal entry is the sole basis one-third of it goes to southern and eastern Europe is an for their deportation. But present law requires that they unjust discrimination against our people. · be deported. I therefore suggest that there should not be any increase It is because of this unyielding technical aspect of the im­ in the number of immigration quotas, but there should be a migration laws that an attempt has been made in the recent redistribution of the unused numbers for the current or next past to enact legislation which would alleviate to some ex­ fiscal year to relieve the pressure on the small-quota coun­ tent the harshness and cruelty of deportation when that tries, which are discriminated against.· This should not be deportation is based solely upon the technical ground of a permanent policy but only for the current fiscal year, for illegal entry. That attempt in the last session of Congress humanitarian reasons, as stated. Let not American families culminated in the passage by the House of Representatives be discriminated against, and where an American family of a bill to alleviate- this situation. A similar bill will be wishes to accomplish union with one residing on the other introduced in the present House. side, and there are quota numbers available, let them be dis.:. I shall dwell briefly on the measure. First, it allows the tributed so that they may do good to thos·e who need them. Secretary of Labor, during a period of 4 years, to permit to This, I am sure, will go a long way in the solution of our remain in this country as permanent residents, a maximum immigration problem. number of 8,000 aliens-! wish to emphasize that number- Earnest study and attention will be required by this Con­ 8,000 aliens who are now subject to deportation because of gress in order to solve the immigration problem of the United technical illegal entry into the United States. States. I am sure my committee will be glad to entertain If they are of good character and if they have resided in any intelligent proposal, and any interested citizen who wishes this country more than 10 years or have close family ties to be heard will be given an opportunity to appear before the here-husbands, wives, or children of citizens or legal resi­ committee and state his facts. dents of the country. Second, it permits aliens who entered A real problem that has been making itself felt in recent the United States before July 1, 1924, who are not now subject years arises out· of the enforcement of the deportation laws to deportation, but for whom there is no record of their with respect to aliens who entered the United States since admission for permanent residence, to legalize their status so the enactment of the quota laws. It must be remembered that they may become citizens, provided, of course, that they that prior to the time when the principle of numerical re­ are in all other respects able to meet the qualifications of the striction was put into effect aliens were subject to deporta­ naturalization law. Third, because of what has been deemed tion only, with a very few exceptions, if found to be of the to be an inadequacy of our present deportation laws with criminal, immoral, radical, or physically and mentally un­ respect to alien criminals, it proposes new classes of de­ sound classes. While in some instances deportation then re­ portable aliens removable because of criminal misconduct. sulted in a hardship to the individual alien and his family, it Intolerant of any contrary view on the subject of aliens, was felt that the greater good to the country which was extremists have proclaimed their dissatisfaction with the bill derived by the deportation of an undesirable outweighed the that passed the House last year. The proalien groups cry harm done to the individual alien and to the members of his out that you are infringing upon the freedom of aliens; you family. However, since the quota laws have been enacted, are adding to the deportable classes and thereby making that no longer holds true. A person may now be deportable more ha,rdships; you are not giving to the Secretary of Labor because of entry without inspection, residence without per­ enough discretion to make justice in aliens' cases possible. mission, or flaw in the record of admission. Inevitably, as The antialien groups quite as vociferously state: You are the years passed, aliens of good character and good repute, attempting to destroy the principle of numerical restriction; in many instances through error on the part of the Govern­ you are nullifying the existing provisions of the immigration ment, found themselves enmeshed in deportation proceed­ laws with respect to alien criminals. ings from which there was no escape. The technical violator Let us not be intolerant or unreasonable in our views on a of the quota laws is as much deportable as the basest alien subject relating to aliens. Let us not be sentimentalists, so criminal. that any hardship to an individual undeserving alien appalls Let me give you an illustration of what I am speaking us. Let us not be prejudiced against the foreigner in ·our about by citing one or two cases which have been presented midst, so that their very presence is looked upon as a menace to the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization of the to our form of government and to our economic life. Let us House of Representatives by the Immigration and Naturaliza- seek to do that which is right in keeping with American ideals. 446 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 18 I do not think either of the extremists' views are justified. it means that the sellers of sugar in the countries named I believe the bill as a whole is a step forward in the immigra­ will be each striVing to dispose of their quota. If in a com­ tion policy of the Nation. It not only will enable the adminis­ munity there are 10 houses, or 10 horses, for sale and only trators of the law to consider and treat humanely the many 9 buyers, the owners will all be striving to supply those aliens deserving of such treatment, it will rid the country of 9 buyers. That is what happened in 1937 and 1938 to the many aliens inherently undeSirable. It is an immigration sugar industry. bill drawn with a view to solving our present immigration The average price of raw sugar in 1932 was $2.925 and in problem to the advantage, first and foremost; of the American 1938, $2.940. Labor represents the principal cost of sugar. people. Cuba's geographical position, plus her quota and tariff bene­ The two bills-one to alleviate hardship cases and deporta­ fits. allows her to dominate the sugar market in the United tions and the other to redistribute unused immigration States. I am told her average laborer is paid $1 per day. quotas-should engage the earnest attention of the Congress The beet laborer on fanns under the new schedule imposed during the forthcoming session. by Secretary Wallace receives more than $5 per day. The The SPEAKER pro tempore. The time of the gentleman workers in the factories of the processors of beets a.re being from New York has expired. rapidly organized by the American Federation of Labor, and If EXTENSION OF REl\URKS their average wage is several times that of Cuba. Cuba. used her full tariff benefits, it would not make much differ­ Mr. TAYLOR of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous ence to the continental producers of sugar, but from April12 consent to extend my own remarks by including a few to September 22, 1938, their sacrifice of duty varied from 90 stanzas of blank verse composed by a very distinguished con­ cents per ton to $6.10 on June 2. An acre of beets will stituent of mine, Hon. J. D. Albright, of Knoxville, Tenn .• on produce about 2 tons of sugar. That means when Cuba was existing conditions in the United States. sacrificing $6.10 per ton, it was reducing the value of an The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the re­ acre of beets $12.20. On June 30 they were sacrificing $4.90, quest of the gentleman from Tennessee? which meant $9.80 per acre of beets. There was no objection. The Department of State at the present time under au­ Mr. HOBBS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to thority granted them by the reciprocal-trade agreement are extend my own remarks. negotiating a treaty with Cuba which would lower the pres­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without objection, it is so ent duty on sugar 15 cents per hundred. This will be a re-­ ordered. duction of $3 per ton for Cuba, and if they fail to take There was no objection. advantage of that rate, it would be a loss of $6 per acre Mr. WEST. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ex­ to the growers of sugar beets in the United States, or a total tend my own remarks and include th~rein an address of $6,000,000. recently made by Hon. Roy Miller, of Corpus Christi, Tex., A Habana dispatch of November 1a. 1938, published in the concerning Mr. JoHN N. GARNER. . Weekly statistical Sugar Trade Journal, reads as follows: The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without objection, it is so A 15-point cut: It is generally believed here that CUba wm get ordered. a 15-point cut in United States ta.r111 rates on sugar. In New York There was no objection. trade circles, however, nobody seems to know anything about 1~ as witness the fact the Philippine and Cuban raws continue selling THE SUGAR INDUSTRY at the same comparative level, L e., a 90-point difference, whereas The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under special order of the a 15-point reduction, if we get it. will immediately be retl.ected by House, the gentleman from Colorado [Mr. CuMliiUNGSl is our American price. recognized for 15 minutes. This statement simply means that CUba bas no intention Mr. CUMMINGS. Mr. Speaker, the largest sugar-produc­ of keeping 15 cents per hundred if granted the proposed ing section in the United States is the Second Congressional reduction, but does intend to lower their price that much District in northern Colorado. This is the district that I per hundred in New York to assist them in finding a market represent. We have a quota for 1939 of 157,936 acres. This for their full quota. is more than we grew in 1938. Our acreage has been re­ I have heard people criticize the sugar industry on the duced the last 5 years, due to a shortage of water for irriga­ grounds that it furnished only seasonal employment. If thiS tion purposes. All of our sugar beets are grown by this should be construed to mean that the sugar industry should method of agriculture. Our beets averaged in 1938 a little not be. allowed to develop in the United states because the more than 15 tons per acre. This would mean a potential labor is seasonal and the same rule were applied to other crop in 1939 of 2,400,000 tons of beets. During the manu­ crops, what would be the results? All fruits and vegetables facturing period in the fall more than 100 carloads of pure provide seasonal employment; so does corn and wheat-in granulated sugar is produced per day. fact all crops grown on the farm. Unless connected with We thought the low price of sugar had been reached in winter feeding operations, the average farm laborer works 1933. Secretary Wallace invited the people who were inter­ from a few weeks to 8 or 9 months. The same argument ested in the sugar industry in the United states to meet in would apply to the manufacturing of cement. In fact, nearly Washington in July of that year. Some 3 months were all business has a rush season. The growing and processing spent in trying to solve the sugar problem. The stabiliza­ of sugar beets and sugarcane furnishes more work than the tion agreement, similar to our present quota plan, was agraed average agricultural crop. to by those who represented 98 percent of the sugar busi­ If I could write a sugar law to suit myself, it would pro­ ness in the United States. This agreement was nullified vide that the continental United States, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, by Secretary Wallace. A year later we passed the Jones­ and the Virgin Islands could grow as much sugar as they Costigan Act, which measure was declared unconstitutional wished. I would prorate the balance of our requirements in by the Supreme Court. In 1937 another law very similar a way that I thought would be of most benefit to our own to the Jones-Costigan Act was passed. This measure was people. With a price of $2.94 for raw sugar, duty paid in the signed by the President on the first day of September 1937, United States, there is not much chance of expanding, or and its provisions were applicable to the year 1937. Among even continuing, our present production. other things it provides that the Secretary of Agriculture I have never been an advocate of high prices for sugar. I shall estimate the amount of sugar that will be consumed realize that it is a necessary food and should be kept within in the United States for each calendar year, then proceed to the reach of our lowest wage earner. A staple price of $5 divide that amount between the continental United States, to $5.50 would result in an increase of at least 50 percent in Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Philippine Islands, Virgin Islands, and continental production of sugar. On the ratio of their food CUba. This act says that the people of those different coun­ value sugar woUld be a cheaper food at 5¥2 cents per pound tries can import a certain amount of sugar but that does not than butter at 9 cents per pound, bacon at 8 cents, ham at guarantee them a market. If this estimate should be too 5 cents, lamb at 3 Y2 cents, sirloin steak at 3 cents, eggs large, and it proved to be so in 1938 by some 300,000 ton~ at 2Y2 cents per dozen, chicken at 2 Y2 cents per pound, and 1939 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 447 milk at 2% cents per quart._ I think we all realize it would Mr. HOPE. In other words, the gentleman would apply be impossible to produce the articles of food I have just quotas only to the foreign service? mentioned at those prices. Mr. CUMMINGS. That is it. A ruling by the Secretary of Agriculture .increased the. cost Mr. HOPE. Is not the chief cause of the difficulty at the of hand labor in 1938 over 1936 on 15 tons of beets, which present time, as far as low prices are concerned, the action is the average yield per acre in the irrigated sections, $5 per of the Secretary of Agriculture in overestimating the con­ acre. The average price of refined sugar in 1937, the year sumption for the present year? the present law was enacted, was $4.66; in 1938, $3.948 per Mr. CUMMINGS. I felt that my illustration of 10 horses hundred. This shows a reduction of 71.2 cents per hundred and 9 buyers made that plain. pounds, which means a decrease in the value of sugar pro­ Mr. HOPE. That is the real difficulty, is it not? duced on an average acre of $24.92. If you will add to that Mr. CUMMINGS. I feel that it is. the $5.09 increase in the cost of labor, you have $30.01; and Mr. HOPE. And does not the Secret3try have it in his if you add to this $30.01 a further reduction of 15 cents per power right now, by the authority which the law gives him hundred pounds on raw sugar, that I am told the Department under those estimates, to give the farmers of this country a of State is considering, you will have another reduction of reasonable price for their sugar? $6; total $36.01. Mr. CUMMINGS. I feel his interpretation of the law is A few farmers in the Corn Belt can grow a crop of corn that the law defines certain ways under which he must make y~elding about 40 bushels per acre, which, if sold at 50 cents the estimate.- If this be true, the law should be corrected by per bushel, would be $20 per acre. If you grew a crop of a slight amendment. Perhaps 25 or 30 words would cure the 30 bushels of wheat and sold it on the present market, you defect. would get about $18 per acre. In other words, this decrease Mr. HOPE. The gentleman, however, does not agree with in the value of an acre of beets is more than the total value the Secretary on that point, does he? of the average farm crop in the United States. We harvest Mr. CUMMINGS. No. about a million acres of beets on an average per year. This Mr. HOPE. That is, if the gentleman were Secretary of makes a loss in round figures of some $30,000,000. Agriculture he probably would arrive at a different estimate It is impossible to grow sugar in the United States in of consumption than the present Secretary, would he not? competition with the world. ~ost of the sugar is grown in Mr. CUMMINGS. I would try awfully hard. [Laughter.] the tropical countries and produced by the cheapest class Mr. O'CONNOR. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? of labor. For the crop year of 1922-23 the world production Mr. CUMMINGS. I yield. of sugar was 20,878,000 tons. In 10 years, 1923-33, it had Mr. O'CONNOR . . The gentleman from Colorado has made increased to 29,145,000 tons, or an increase of 8,270,000 tons. a very powerful speech, one in which I, being from Montana, From 1933-38, a period of 5 years, it has increased from am deeply interested because of the fact that we grow a lot 29,145,000 tons to 36,000,000 tons, or an increase of 6,855,000 of sugar beets in my State. tons. [Applause.] Does not the gentleman think that this Congress should Mr. RICH. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? oppose any policy respecting any country outside of our own Mr. CUMMINGS. I yield. in trade agreements or a tariff that will cause idle acreage of Mr. RICH. Does not the gentleman think we ought to land or an increase in our relief rolls? have a tariff on sugar, so that we can protect the sugar-beet Mr. CUMMINGS. I suppose so; but the gentleman is put­ industry of Colorado? ting me in a rather embarrassing position, because I voted Mr. CUMMINGS. You cannot protect the sugar business for the reciprocal-trade agreements and voted to extend the of the United States with a tariff, for this reason: We cannot policy. levy a tariff against Hawaii; we cannot levy a tariff against Mr. O'CONNOR. Is not that a fact? Should not that be Puerto Rico; we cannot levy a tariff against the Virgin our policy? Islands. You will never be able to levy a tariff against the [Here the gavel fell.] Philippine Islands so long as our flag flies over that coun­ Mr. CRAWFORD. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent try. Hawaii and Puerto Rico will produce probably 3,000,000 that the gentleman's time be extended for 5 minutes. tons of sugar. Cuba has produced more than 5,000,000. The The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to there- Philippine Islands can produce two or three million tons. quest of the gentleman from Michigan? They have produced 1,200,000 tons. You cannot levy a There was no objection. tariff against those countries. They will produce practically Mr. CRAWFORD. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? all of the sugar we consume in the United States, and a Mr. CUMMINGS. I yield. tariff will be of very little benefit. Mr. CRAWFORD. As I understand, the gentleman is now Mr. RICH. Call it anything you want, but we want to a member of the Committee on Agriculture, and has been protect the farmers of Colorado and the farmers of Michi­ for the last several years? gan and the Louisiana cane sugar growers. If we can give Mr. CUMMINGS. Six years. the market to our own people for our own products, we will Mr. CRAWFORD. Six years. Does the gentleman re­ go places. member a statement having been brought up in 1937 by the Mr. CUMMINGS. I am with the gentleman 100 percent. Department of Agriculture to the Committee on Agriculture Mr. RICH. Then the New Deal is wrong in their recipro- of the House and a like committee of the Senate which had cal-trade agreements on sugar. reference to a $350,000,000 excess in price paid by consumers Mr. SCROGHAM. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? of sugar in this country over and above the world price of Mr. CUMMINGS. I yield to the gentleman from Nevada. sugar? Mr. SCROGHAM. With due consideration of all the facts Mr. CUMMINGS. I think I read something like that a the gentleman has stated, does he consider it is economically number of times. justified to make the sharp limitations of acreage given to Mr. CRAWFORD. Can the gentleman tell us whether or sugar beets in States like Nevada and others having reclama­ not raw sugar was the basis on which that statement was tion projects? If so, what is the justification, taking into made by the Department of Agriculture, and whether the consideration all the facts the gentleman has stated? Department of Agriculture was referring to the price of raw Mr. CUMMINGS. I do not think it is. If I had my way, sugar or the price of refined sugar in making their calcula­ the United States and the island possessions would grow tion of that $350,000,000 figure? every pound of sugar they wanted to grow until we had sup­ Mr. CUMMINGS. I do not know what they had in mind. plied the fUll demand in this country. If there was any- Mr. CRAWFORD. Let us say it this way, then: The De­ thing left, I would divide it up. That goes for al other partment of Agriculture published figures to the effect that agricultural products as well as sugar. the consumers of this country paid 5.6 cents per pound for Mr. HOPE. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? the sugar we consumed in 1936, or $5.60 a hundred. They Mr. CUMMINGS. I yield. also published figures showing that we consumed. we will say 448· _CONGRESSIONAL ;RECOR~HOUSE JANUARY 18 in round figures, 126,000,000 bags of sugar. In the statement · Mr. CUMMINGS. I wotild not like to go that far. I like presented to the Committee on Agriculture of the House and you a lot, but not that much. Senate, respectively, the Department of Agriculture said in Mr. O'CONNOR. Will the gentleman yield? substance-! have the exact quotation here-that the con­ Mr. CUMMINGS. I yield to the gentleman from Montana. sumers of sugar in this country paid $350,000,000 in excess Mr. O'CONNOR. I regard the gentleman's opinion very of the depressed prices that prevailed in the. world market. !highly. It has been claimed that as importations increase Now, the question I am asking is: Did the Secretary of into this country employment increases in this country pro­ Agriculture and his assistants use a raw price, or a price on portionately. Could the gentleman give us his views upon raw sugar, in making that $350,000,000 calculation, or did that subject as to whether that is right or not? they use a price on refined sugar? Mr. CUMMINGS. That is like asking a man can he walk Mr. CUMMINGS. I am inclined to think they used the north and south at the same time. I could not answer that price on raw sugar. But that would not make much differ­ question. ence because 106 pounds of raw makes 100 pounds of refined, Mr. RANKIN. Will the gentleman yield? which would amount to less than 6 percent. The point, I Mr. CUMMINGS. I yield to the gentleman from Missis­ think, is that if an article that is protected does not sell in sippi. the United States at the world price plus the tariff, then the Mr. RANKIN. Will the gentleman support a measure to tariff has not accomplished the purpose for which it was guarantee the farmers the cost of production for all their levied. The producers of agricultural products are entitled crops--cotton, wheat, corn, and all other crops that are to as much protection as the producers of manufactured domestically consumed? articles. When I make this statement, when I talk protec­ Mr. CUMMINGS. I will, if the gentleman will do it with tive tariff, there are those who ask me whether I am a Demo­ a processing tax. crat or a Republican. I say to them that when it comes to Mr. RANKIN. Suppose we do not do it that way. SUP­ protecting the products of the people in my district I am just pose we say we will guarantee the farmers their cost of pro­ whatever kind of party man it takes to bring about that duction. That has been done with industry through the result. tariff. It has been done with industrial labor through the Mr. CRAWFORD. I agree with the gentleman. Let us wage and hour bill. Now the farmers are going broke, assume that the raw price, the price on which sugar is sold which has caused a depression. You cannot have prosperity on the world market, is $1 per hundred. Let us assume in this country with agriculture in an impoverished condi­ further that the price of refined sugar in this country is tion. Will the gentleman support a measure to guarantee the $5 per hundred, that in England it is $9, in Germany $7, i.n farmers of all Classes the cost of production for their crops? Australia $11; in arriving at the excess cost I raised the Mr. CUMMINGS. By a processing tax. question: Wherein was the Department of Agriculture fair, Mr. RANKIN. I am not talking about any kind of a tax. wherein was the Secretary of State fair, when they gave out I am talking about guaranteeing them the cost of production. to the press of this Nation a cold-blooded statement to the Mr. CUMMINGS. I may say, if the gentleman will show effect that the sugar industry received a rake-off of $350,- me. where he can get the money without bankrupting the 000,000 per year? Nation, I will consider it. Mr. CUMMINGS. You start at the wrong point. Mr. RANKIN. The gentleman cUd not talk about a proc­ Mr. CRAWFORD. The gentleman means they start at the essing tax in connection with the tariff, and he is not asking for a processing tax in connection with the tariff on sugar. wrong point. Mr. CUMMINGS. We have a processing tax on sugar of Mr. CUMMINGS. No; because when raw sugar was $1 and 50 cents a hundred, and it is paying its way in addition to there was no tariff sugar never sold for 5 cents a pound. putting $13,000,000 into the United States Treasury. [Here the gavel fell.] Mr. RANKIN. The trouble is you want to tax the unpro­ Mr. HOPE. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that the tected masses in order to get money to boost the tariff. The gentleman's time may be extended 5 minutes. farmers in this country are in a desperate condition. There The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the are a great many here requesting a measure to guarantee to request of the gentleman from Kansas [Mr. HoPE]? all farmers the cost of production of their crops that are There was no objection. domestically consumed. What I want to know is whether Mr. CRAWFORD. There would be this difference: You the gentleman would support a measure of that kind if it could have internal control, for instance, a consumption tax comes to the House for consideration. may be of $4 a hundred added to the $1 on raw sugar, to Mr. CUMMINGS. I just answered that question. arrive at the $5. Mr. RANKIN. No; the gentleman said he would do so Mr. CUMMINGS. You could, but I wish the gentleman provided we put on a processing tax. would tell me how to get it. Mr. CUMI\fiNGS. Or the gentleman can show me where Mr. CRAWFORD. Within a few minutes I shall submit to he can get the money without bankrupting the country. the House the world price on refined sugar at the present Mr. RANKIN. The gentleman did net show where he bad time and I wish to submit this to show the fallacy of the the money to carry out the tariff. The tariff during the statement which has been made by the Department of Agri­ Hoover and Republican administration-· - culture and sanctioned by the Secretary of State. I hope the Mr. CUMMINGS. I do not care to talk tariff. I just want gentleman will observe my showing on that, because I regard to talk sugar at this time. If the gentleman wants to talk his opinion as the highest on sugar of any Member of the tari1f, that is another thing. House, due to the fact he is a dirt farmer. [Applause.} He Mr. RANKIN. The gentleman is talking about the tari1f. knows how to grow sugar and he knows the problems of the I thought I heard the gentleman from Minnesota [Mr. industry. KNuTsoN] welcoming him into the high-tariff fold. Mr. KNUTSON. Will the gentleman yield? Mr. CUMMINGS. I refused the invitation, so the gentle­ Mr. CUMMINGS. I yield to the gentleman from Minnesota. man cannot say I am going over there. Mr. KNUTSON. The gentleman from Colorado stated a Mr. RANKIN. The burden of the American people, so far moment ago that he is in favor of the tariff for the products as the tariff is concerned, amounted to about $4,000,000,000 a of his own district. That is what I understood him to say. year during the Harding and Coolidge administrations. That Mr. CUMMINGS. The gentleman has limited it too much. is one thing that brought about the collapse in 1932. The I am in favor of a tariff that will preserve the American farmers went down under that burden, and they are down market for the American farmer and American labor. yet. The only way to bring the price level of the farmers up [Applause.] to that' of labor and industry is to guarantee them the cost Mr. KNUTSON. May we chalk the gentleman up as of production for all their crops, or at least that part that recruit No. 1 to the G. 0. P. in this session? is domestically consumed. 1939 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 449 Mr. CUMMINGS. I would suggest that the gentleman three-quarters of a billion dollars tied up in these commodities come over to the Committee on Agriculture and present his at the present time. statement. This serves notice on everyone who is engaged in buying, [Here the gavel fell.l selling, or marketing commodities that he must keep his eyes EXTENSION OF REMARKS on the price levels dictated by Government agencies and Mr. ANDREVVS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent operated through Government manipulation and all the back­ to extend my own remarks in the RECORD and to include a ing and filling that flows through political administrations, short statement having to do with patents, a subject which irrespective of who is in power. should have the attention of this Congress. Mr. JENKINS of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the yield? gentleman from New York? Mr. CRAWFORD. I yield to the gentleman from Ohio. · There was no objection. Mr. JENKINS of Ohio. I wish to inquire about the item of 88,000,000 pounds of butter. How is that butter now stored? CONSOLIDATION AND CODIFICATION OF INTERNAL REVENUE LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES Is it a finished product now, or does the figure mean that that will be the surplus at the end of a certain year? How does Mr. DOUGHTON. Mr. Speaker, I am introducing a bill the gentleman arrive at that figure? to consolidate and codify the internal-revenue laws of the Mr. CRAWFORD. The Treasury statement, showing loans United States, H. R. 2762, and ask unanimous consent that by years and commodities as of December 31, 1938, shows as the same be referred to the Committee on Ways and Means. to butter loans of $23,569,000 on 88,665,000 pounds. As to the The chairman of the Committee on Revision of the Laws has condition in which that butter is, I must necessarily assume no objection to this matter being referred to the Ways and it is in eatable condition, ready for the consumer's table. Means Committee. Mr. JENKINS of Ohio. I thought perhaps they had some The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the system of figuring with which I am not familiar by which gentleman from North Carolina [Mr. DauGHTON]? they would estimate that would be the surplus at a certain There was no objection. time. The SPEAKER. Under a previous order of the House Mr. CRAWFORD. No; I do not understand it that way. heretofore entered, the gentleman from Michigan [Mr. I know the so-called surplus of butter has materially de­ CRAWFORD] is recognized for 10 minutes. creased since the cold weather has set in. I assume that SUGAR amount will increase very materially as soon as spring opens Mr. CRAWFORD. Mr. Speaker, I desire to recommend to up and the milk flow starts again. all the Members of the House, irrespective of the section of Going a step further on the question of prices and coming the country in which they live, that they obtain as quickly directly to the point I want to bring up and emphasize, as possible a copy of the hearings on Senate Resolution 49, which has to do again with price levels and which has been held on January 13, 1939, before the Senate Finance Commit­ discussed more or less by the gentleman from Colorado [Mr. tee. There is so much in these hearings which has to do with CUMMINGS], if you will refer to the hearings before the House the reciprocal trade agreement policy, foreign trade, and the and Senate Committees on Agriculture on the 1937 Sugar general policies of the State Department that whatever you Act, you will find on page 174 of the senate hearings a most do you should take time to get a copy of the hearings and interesting statement made by a representative of the De­ read it very carefully. · partment of Agriculture, in which this language appears: All during this session, and perhaps the sessions for many The total cost to American consumers of sugar purchased under years to come, we shall be dealing with the question of price the quota system during the calendar year 1936 has been estimated at approximately $350,000,000 in excess of the depressed prices that levels. prevailed in the world market. The gentleman from Mississippi [Mr. RANKIN] has just raised a question with reference to the price of cotton. He In studying the hearings before the Senate committee the may not have said "cotton" directly, but I know he has that other day, to which I have referred, and particularly the in mind, and I am very sympathetic with the views he statement of Secretary of State Cordell Hull, attempting to .brought out. find the source of the statement he made about the "rake­ I have just .secured from the Treasury Department a off" of $350,000,000-using his exact language-which the statement showing the stocks of basic commodities held sugar industry received, and tracing it back as best I could under loans of the Commodity Credit Corporation and under by conferring with Department officials, I find his statement loans made by banks and lending agencies, which will even­ comes directly from the statement published in the 1937 tually dovetail into the Commodity Credit Corporation. We hearings, prepared in the Department of Agriculture with­ find that as to cotton alone, 10,708,000 bales of cotton are out a foundation that is worth a nickel, as I shall show as I involved, on which we have extended loans of $541,000,000. go through these charts if I can get the time. The Secre­ It is estimated that by the 1st to the 15th of April of this tary sanctified the statement, and the press of this country ~ear the figure will exceed 12,000,000 bales of cotton the carried it in bold headlines, to the effect that the industry Government of the United States will be directly or in­ was receiving a "rake-off" of $350,000,000. directly holding. I have here a statement published by the United States Mr. PACE. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? Department of Agriculture in December 1938 which shows Mr. CRAWFORD. Will the gentleman let me complete the retail prices paid by the consumers of sugar throughout this statement first? the world in 43 countries. This serves notice on everyone who holds cotton in the The statement shows all the principal countries of the raw, piece goods, cotton at the mills, or goods on the shelf, world, those which import sugar on a large scale and those that he had better look out for breaking prices on cotton which export sugar on a large scale and those which are J:>ecause when the Government becomes loaded with ten, almost self-sufficient. I recommend that you get a copy of eleven, or twelve million or more bales of cotton the Gov­ this statement and study it carefully and see what the con­ ernment will become the largest single holder of cotton in sumers of sugar in the United States are paying for refined the world. sugar as compared to what is being paid by the people in Going from cotton to other commodities, we find with re­ other parts of the world under fr trade and otherwise. spect to corn there are loans 0f $39,000,000 on 69,000,000 When you finish studying this statement I believe you will bushels; wheat, 64,000,000 bushels; tobacco, 31,000,000 find your people are particularly blessed with low prices for pounds; turpentine, 10,000,000 gallons, 937,000 barrels; pea­ the sugar in refined form they have in their sugar bowl at nuts, 92,000 tons; prunes, 15,000 tons; raisins, 81,000 tons; the breakfast table. I have not time to quote these figures, butter, 88,000,000 pounds; dates, pecans, hops, and wool and and I shall not ask that this document be included in the mohair, 56,000,000 pounds, or a total of $679,000,000, nearlY RECORD, because it is available to every Member of the House. LXXXIV-29 450 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 18 Mr. KNUTSON. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? Mr. CRAWFORD. The production of sugar by the domes­ Mr. CRAWFORD . . I yield to the gentleman from Minne­ tic industry is an insurance policy to American housewives sota. against exploitation by foreign producers. Mr. KNUTSON. I recognize, as do my colleagues, that the Mr. WOODRUFF of Michigan. And the only one available gentleman from Michigan is perhaps the best authority in to the American consumer. the House on the sugar question, or at least one of the best. Mr. CRAWFORD. The figure which I show· here and It is my understaning that the sugar industry in Cuba is con­ which ties directly into the statement made by the Secretary trolled by the National City Bank, the Chase National Bank published on page 11 of this rough draft of the hearings of New York, and Vincent Astor, the proprietor of the on Senate Resolution 49, on the $350,000,000 "rake off," and Nourmahal, which was used quite extensively as a show boat I keep coming back to this because it was an unfair state­ a few years back. Is the gentleman in position to inform the ment to put in the hearings in 1937, but I did not challenge House just how much of a "rake-off," which seems to be the figure at that time because other people were talking. the designation, these three activities are getting out of the That is no excuse, but I did not challenge it at that time, but present sugar policy of the New Deal administration? the Secretary of State has so emphatically made the state­ Mr. CRAWFORD. May I say to the gentleman it would ment now, and points out so impressively that the statement not be possible for me to show that? has never been challenged by the industry or its friends that [Here the gavel fell.] here today I am challenging the statement, and, as the De­ Mr. KNUTSON. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent partment of Agriculture knows and as the Secretary of State that the time of the gentleman from Michigan may be ex­ ·knows, it will not hold water, and here is the reason. tended 10 additional minutes. Here [referring to the chart] are the prices published by The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the Willett & Gray and H. H. Pike & Son. The former-Wil­ gentleman from Minnesota? lett & Gray-are recognized sugar statisticians throughout There was no objection. the world and have been for decades. They show the ebb Mr. CRAWFORD. May I say to the gentleman from Min­ and flow of prices on raw sugar at New York, showing the nesota it would be impossible to answer that question accu­ world price of raw sugar, prices on refined sugar, ~ and prices rately without- on duty-paid sugar and c. i. f., which is "cost, insurance, and Mr. KNUTSON. ·Well, approximately. -freight," New York, without the duty. Mr. CRAWFORD. Without the stock ownership of the Look at this statement, for instance. In 1933 ~ raw sugar different industries in Cuba, but it can be answered in a prac­ sold, c. i. f., $1.20 a hundred, and in 1934, $1.46 a hundred; tical way in this manner. Take the centrals in Cuba in which 1935, $2.31 a hundred; 1936, $2.67 a hundred. these particular institutions are greatly interested and which, If you will take the records of the Department of Agricul­ we will say, they dominate from the standpoint of control the ture, you will find that we purchased in 1936, 126,337,600 bags amount of sugar which those particular centrals produce, and of sugar. - then project the prices-! shall show from these charts--onto The Department of Agriculture also shows in these hearings their percentage of the production, and you can arrive at a that the consumers of this country paid at that time $5.60 very close ·answer in dollars and cents to the question pro­ per hundred average for refined sugar for the year 1936, and, pounded by the gentleman from Minnesota. multiplying that out, you get a cost of $707,000,000 total sugar Mr. KNUTSON. It runs into the millions, does it not? bill; deducting from that the $350,000,000 which the Secretary Mr. CRAWFORD. Certainly, in my opinion, it runs into of State, Mr. Hull, says was a rake-off, it brings the cost of the millions. sugar down to $357,490,000, which, divided by your 126,000,000 Mr. KNUTSON. I saw some figures a while ago wherein it bags of sugar, gives you a cost of $2.83 per hundred pounds was estimated that the amount of sugar that was being for refined sugar at the consumers' table, according to the extracted by these three activities was approximately $42,- Secretary of State and the Department of Agriculture. Now, 000,000, and I assume that $42,000,000 comes out of the what buying power would Cuba have or what could we ship to American people. Cuba, under reciprocal-trade agreements or otherWise, had Mr. WOODRUFF of Michigan. Mr. Speaker, will the they sold sugar on a $2.83 refined basis? gentleman yield? If Cuba should be forced to sell raw sugar on a basis which, Mr. CRAWFORD. I yield to the gentleman from Michigan. when converted into refined, moved to the consumer at a price Mr. WOODRUFF of Michigan. Reverting again to the of only $2.83 per 100 pounds, the Secretaries of Agriculture statement of the Secretary of State relative to this "rake-off" and State both know Cuba would get very little return. he mentions. Has the gentleman given consideration to the Cuba's purchasing power in that case would be reduced to conditions that existed in 1920, during which time the house­ practically nothing. Cuba could not, under such circum­ wives of the country paid as high as 32 cents per pound for stances, compete With Java or India or Formosa. If this sugar at the local grocery store? These conditions existed statement I here make is not true, why has the State Depart­ only during the time when American-produced sugar was not ment insisted upon Cuba having a preferential in our market on the market and consequently not in position to contribute over the other foreign countries of the world. Our two Secre-• through competition anything toward a reasonable price for taries know full well that Cuba needs protection against other that commodity. Does not the gentleman believe that the low-cost areas, just as the domestic industry of continental Secretary of State referred to something that occurred 18 United States and our insular possessions need protection or 19 years ago; something, by the way, that ought to prove against Cuba's low standard of living. There is another por­ interesting to every housewife in the country, and sound a tion of Latin America in which we have a vital interest-that warning to everyone in this country who has a desire to give is Puerto Rico. · Too much attention in Cuba's favor would the consumers of the country some sort of notice as to what greatly injure Puerto Rico. Neither of these areas could pro­ Will happen to them if and when this industry is completely duce and sell sugar on a $2.83 refined basis, and this fact is destroyed? The Secretary of Agriculture has termed the well known to all students of the industry. A price of $2.83 sugar industry an "inefficient" industry, and one that should on refined would eliminate the whole of the continental indus­ not have been established in this country, but that it did not try and make us dependent upon far-away foreign areas for appear politically possible ~ to eliminate it at this time. If our sugar supply. Then who would get the rake-off? That that day comes, the h sewives of the country may depend question is easily answered. Would the Secretaries of State upon it that they will pay far more than they have paid dur­ and Agriculture have us eliminate the domestic refiners, local ing the time when the American sugar industry was permitted wholesalers and retailers, by cutting their participation in the to produce at least a part of the sugar which our people $2.83 so low they could not exist so that Cuba could have the consume. major portion of the $2.83? Thus, an analysis of the for­ Mr. CRAWFORD. We might say it is an insurance policy. mula and the price elements reduces the claim of an excess Mr. WOODRUFF of Michigan. Of course it is an insur­ cost and a rake-off to nothingness. I repeat, the statement is ance policy. not worth a nickel to anyone. It misleads and befuddles and 1939 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE 451 should not be repeated again by the Departments of Agricul­ people that we are discussing, or that that percentage goes ture and State. to absentee landlords in dividends? The Secretary was proposing to either cut Cuba out of the Mr. CRAWFORD. I cannot cite the records, but I can sugar business or cut the refiners, the wholesale jobbers, or state that I believe fully 90 percent of the dividends of the the retailers out of the sugar business in this country. It is industry in Cuba flow to "absentee owners," and that gets not in the cards to deliver sugar to the American consumer at it in the same way. If this has not been true, then why at $2.83 per 100 pounds, refined basis, and the Secretary of did the Secretary of State take the position that Cuba had Agriculture knows it, as does the Secretary of State. So been "bled white"? By whom has she been bled if not by why does he refer to the rake-off? Here are your duties­ absentee ownership? $2 in 1933; $1.50 in 1934; 90 cents in 1935, 1936, 1937, and Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman Yield? 1938. Add the c. i. f. and the duty together, and subtract the Mr. CRAWFORD. Yes. sum of those two elements of price from the refined price, Mr. HOFFMAN. Will the gentleman give us the compara­ and you get total margins of $2.20 for refiner, wholesaler, tive prices paid by the American consumer and those in other and retailer in 1933, $2.64 in 1934, $2.49 in 1935, and $2.03 in parts of the world during the years the gentleman was 1936; and the Secretary is proposing to reduce the price from there? $5.60 down to $2.83 a hundred. He knows that that is not Mr. CRAWFORD. I did not recite them because they are fair play to the people of this country, he knows that sugar set out in great detail here, and it would take considerable cannot be moved on that basis, and he knows his statement time to read them. is misleading. I discussed these figures this very day with Mr. HOFFMAN. Generally how does the price we pay the Department of Agriculture, with those who are responsi­ compare with that paid by the Englishman, say, or the ble for that $350,000,000 statement. It does nobody any good Frenchman? for such statements to be made, and I am here now to chal­ Mr. CRAWFORD. At the present time-and I am talking lenge those statements, and I defy the Department of Agri­ now about today-we are paying a price of about $5.20 per culture to come up here and stand between the two hitching hundred. In the United Kingdom the price about last May posts-namely, the low, the depressed price, as they call it; was $6.12; in Australia, where I believe they consume more on raw sugar over the world and the price of $5.60 set up in sugar per capita than in any other place in the world, 4 these hearings, which the consumer paid-stand between pence per hundred; in Honduras, 10 centavos; in Argentina, those two hitching posts and support the statement put in $5.71; in Italy, 2.99 lire. these hearings and the statement made by the Secretary of Mr. HOFFMAN. I did not want you to go into all of those State. It is not fair to this industry, and such statements figures, but, generally speaking, do we pay more or less in the are not fair to the other industries shown· on the commodity United States than in other countries? charts. Mr. CRAWFORD. Generally speaking, you pay less. Mr. O'CONNOR. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? Mr. JENKINS of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman Mr. CRAWFORD. Yes. yield? Mr. O'CONNOR. I realize that the gentleman is one of Mr. CRAWFORD. · I yield. the best.:. informed Members in· the House on the subject that Mr. JENKINS of Ohio. The prices the gentleman is giving he is discussing. I am interested · in the question that the are the prices of raw sugar? Not on refined sugar? gentleman from Minnesota [Mr. KNuTsoN] asked, eliminat- · Mr. CRAWFORD. No; I am talking about refined sugar.· ing the partisan quirk that he gave to the question when he Mr. COFFEE of Nebraska. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman said that when we legislate in favor of Cuba, we ·legislate in yield? effect in favor of Wall Street millionaires. The question ! ­ Mr. CRAWFORD. I yield to the gentleman from Nebraska. would like to have answered, if the gentleman has the· in-· Mr. COFFEE of Nebraska. Is it not a fact that the retail formation, is, What percentage of the territory in Cuba which price of sugar at the present time is within two-tenths· of 1 percent of the lowest price on record, which occurred in 1932? produ~es sugar is owned by the Cubans, and what percentage is owned by those millionair.es- in New York in whose favor Mr. CRAWFORD. As far as I can find from the record, it is claimed we are legislating? that is true. I can walk up Pennsylvania Avenue and go into The SPEAKER. The time of the gentleman from Michigan any Sanitary store in the District today and purchase refined has again expired. . . sugar at about the lowest price in all history. I can purchase it for 44 cents for a 10-pound bag. That is $4.40 per 100 Mr. O'CONNOR. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent in 10-pound packets, or on the basis of about $4 in bulk bags. that the gentleman may proceeq for 5 minutes. Of course, it is a low price. Raw sugars are every day estab­ The SPEAKER. There i~ another special Qrder on the lishing what is known as near all-time low prices. program for today. The Chair will ask the gentleman from I can appreciate and comprehend that most any man could· Pennsylvania [Mr. EBERHARTER] whether it is agreeable to become so engrossed in his own particular philosophy and him to have this extension of time granted the gentleman theory, as the Secretary of · State has in connection with from Michigan? · reciprocal-trade agreements, that he feels that 'is the only Mr. EBERHARTER: Mr. Speaker, I have no objection. remedy for mankind. Read his statement before the com­ The_SPEAKER. . Is there objection to the request that the mittee. He points out that his. reciprocal-trade agreeme11t gentleman's time b~ extended 5 minutes? program is the only one that has been submitted for the eco-· There ·was no objection. nomic salvation of the world during the ·last several years. : Mr. CRAWFORD. Mr. Speaker, every student of the That is enthusiasm. But at the same time we cannot afford sugar industry in the Western Hemisphere knows that the to sit here and permit a basic agricultural industry to be conditions of those who toil in the dirt, the peon laborer murdered in such a manner. ·I do not propose to do it. I do in the sugar industry in Cuba, rest on a basis of starvation not do so because I am the paid agent of the beet-sugar indus- · wages. Every student knows that the industry in Cuba try. I will talk just as much in favor of cotton, or wheat, or is owned primarily by absentee ownership. The Secretary corn, or potatoes, or any of these other commodities on this · of State in these hearings the other day referred to the fact list. It is an American industry. that Cuba has been bled white. Bled white by whom? And Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? on what basis? Bled white by absentee ownership, and Mr. CRAWFORD. I yield. when you do legislate in the name of the peon worker and Mr. RANKIN. I think I heard the gentleman refer to my . the primary producer or worker, when we legislate in his remarks when he first arose. · I want to ask the gentleman if name, and the benefits flow to the absentee owners, then it . he is ·willing to support legislation that will guarantee to all becomes a tug of war between the New York firms and the farmers, including the cotton farmers, the cost of product ion farmers in the United States and our insular possessions. for at least that part of their crops that are domestically con­ Mr. O'CONNOR. Is it not a fact that 90 percent of the sumed? That is, the product consumed in the United·States. sug~r-producing area in Cuba is owned by the New York Is the gentleman willing to vote for that? 452 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 18 Mr. CRAWFORD. I will answer the gentleman directly. The SPEAKER. The time of the gentleman from Michi­ If we had a way of bringing together the operations of the gan has again expired. Treasury Department and the central banking system and Under the previous order of the House, the gentleman from the fiscal policies of this country in a manner whereby you Pennsylvania [Mr. EBERHARTERJ is recognized for 10 minutes. could arrive at a monetary price level, to which the gentle­ Mr. EBERHARTER. Mr. Speaker, on last Tuesday I lis­ man is referring, and with which the proposed legislation tened with a great deal of interest to the remarks made on deals, certainly I would support it. But when the fiscal the floor of this House by some of my colleagues in connection policies of the Government and the Treasury Department with the Flood Control Act of 1938. What I am going to say overbalance and overshadow the functions of the central this afternoon must not be construed as an indication that banking system, as every student now recognizes, what I am in favor of the Power Trust, for neither in my State nor chance have you got to bring about a stabilized price level in any other State of the Union have the power interests or guaranteed cost of production basis? ever been my friend. By the same token, I have never been Mr. RANKIN. I understood the gentleman was talking the friend of the power interests. about the price of agricultural commodities and was not at­ When the Flood Control Act of 1938 came before the House tempting to reorganize our financial structure. for final passage I was opposed to it. I spoke of my objec­ Mr. CRAWFORD. I am still talking about the price of tions when the conference report was up for adoption. I was agricultural commodities. opposed to the passage of that act on principle, and just in Mr. RANKIN. But the gentleman is asking us to put a this connection I want to repeat a little bit of the history of tariff on sugar. That is the motive behind his speech-put that flood-control act. Tile Flood Control Committee of the a tariff on sugar to protect certain farmers and others. I House reported a bill last year which was unanimously passed. am asking him whether or not he is willing to go with us There was· no dissenting voice, no objection from any Member to guarantee to all other farmers the cost of production for of the House to the proposition contained in that bill. That that portion of their crops consumed in the United States? bill, which was passed unanimously, provided that the va­ Mr. CRAWFORD. I will go with you by starting in and rious States of the Union should participate in the flood­ cleaning up the whole kit and caboodle, including the Treas­ control program and that the various States should see that ury Department, the Federal Reserve System, and whatever the lands and easements·and rights-of-way were paid 'for by is necessary to bring about f:tability in prices of farm prod­ the various States. No question was raised in this House or ucts. Let me say this to the gentleman-because I am suggestion made that the Federal Government pay the entire making my own speech today-! am speaking in the interest cost itself. of the American housewife, who is budgeted and who has to The bill went to the body at the other end of the Capitol. go down and buy sugar to feed the kiddies and the old man The Flood Control Committee of the Senate reported the bill with. As the gentleman from Michigan said awhile ago, I calling for participation by the States. So, also, the Flood went to the store in 1920 and paid $35 per 100 pounds for Control Committee of the Senate did not believe, as evidenced refined sugar. Thirty-five dollars per hundred pounds, be­ by its report, in full payment by the Federal Government. cause Cuba at that time pushed the price of raw sugar up to When the m~asure came on the floor of the Senate, however, the refiners in this·country to more than $22 per 100 pounds, an amendment was presented which provided that the Fed­ as against $2.65 per 100 pounds today. eral Government should pay the entire cost and that the Mr. RANKIN. Will the gentleman yield further right Federal Government should have complete control at all timeS' there? over flood-control projects; that the States would have noth­ Mr. CRAWFORD. I yield further. ing whatever to say about them. It was interesting to note Mr. RANKIN. Does not the gentleman know that when that the amendment presented on the floor of the Senate was he raises the price of sugar with a tariff he imposes an not prepared by a member of the Flood Control Committee additional burden upon the housewife instead of relieving her of that body, but was prepared by a gentleman who is a Mem­ of anything except her cash? ber of this House, and he has himself so stated, in his office, Mr. CRAWFORD. I will challenge the gentleman from and this gentleman is not a member of the Flood Control Mississippi to establish the fact that an increase in duty on Committee. · sugar or that a duty on.sugar raises the price of sugar. He Mr. Speaker, I think it was a very serious mistake for cannot support it with the figures. Often the price breaks Congress to pass a measure of that sort. Tile question had following increase in duty. The tariff does not control prices. been debated for several years as to whether or not the full Mr. O'CONNOR. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? cost of flood control in the United States should be paid by Mr. CRAWFORD. I yield. . the Federal Government alone or whether it should be ap­ Mr. O'CONNOR. I want to say that the present policy of portioned in cooperation and in conjunction with the States. allotment has caused a decrease in acreage in my district The Flood Control Committee of the House and the Flood of 2,000 acres of the finest land that we have in Montana; Control Committee of the Senate had rejected the proposi­ land. in which the Government of the United States has tion of full Federal responsibility and full Federal payment. assisted us with money in creating our irrigation districts, On April 28, 1937, the President of the United States him­ which will now lie idle as the result of this policy. self said: Sugar-beet production in Montana the last 10 years, ac­ It is my belief that for many reasons the Federal Government cording to figures released by the Department of Agricul­ should not be charged with the cost of the land necessary for ture, follows: 43,282 acres in 1929, 49,198 acres in 1930, 64,232 levees, dams, and reservoirs. acres in 1931, 59,225 acres in 1932, 74,879 acres in 1933, 72 ,994 The Mississippi River Commission, which has been actively acres in 1934, 57,113 acres in 1935, 74,398 acres in 1936, 77,227 concerned and interested in a program of flood control, acres in 1937, and 84,076 acres in 1938. The Department adopted a resolution which, among other things, stated: has allotted 82,020 acres for production in 1939. The commission is firmly of the opinion that some degree of Now these figures reveal that production increased 3,000 local financial cooperation is essential to a successful accom­ acres in 1937 over the previous year, and 7,000 acres in 1938 plishment of a flood-control project. over 1937, which would set a normal production increase of The Mississippi Valley committee of the Public Works at least 6,000 acres in 1939. On that basis, the normal pro­ Administration has consistently supported the principle of duction this year would total 88,000 acres against the Depart­ local contribution. ment of Agriculture's curtailment to 82,020 acres. Mr. Speaker, under the present act the States have no These figures show that the 1939 acreage quota curtails word whatever to say with respect to where the dam shall beet production in Montana more than 2,000 acres below the be placed, where the reservoir shall be placed, whether the production last year and approximately 6,000 acres below land shall be taken by condemnation proceedings or how. what Montana growers would normally produce this year. In other words, every right of the States is categorically Mr. CRAWFORD. That is correct. denied insofar as. having a voice with respect to :flood-control 1939 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 453 matters. The Federal Government can come into a State, if Mr. EBERHARTER. I yield to the gentleman from Mis­ they feel a flood-control project is necessary in that State, souri. and can wipe out a whole population; that is, dismantle a Mr. ZIMMERMAN. May I ask the gentleman, if the Fed­ whole town, including its industries, and make the popula­ eral Government wished to condemn a site in· his State or tion move. If a State has a particular stream-pollution pro­ in the State of Missouri for a post-office building, or for the gram the Federal Government can disregard that. In other establishment of an Indian school, does the gentleman believe words, it gave to the Federal Government absolute control it is necessary, before the Government may procure the land over the lands of the various States, their forests, their on which to locate such building or institution, to have it get mountains, and over all of their natural resources. the consent of the State to do so? Has that ever been done I repeat, Mr. Speaker, it was a serious mistake on the part in the history of' our country? of Congress to change the policy enunciated in the act of Mr. EBERHARTER. In answer to the question asked by 1936, which provided for local particip3tion. I question very the gentleman, I say that so far as this flood-control propo­ much the constitutionality of the_act of 1938. If it be con­ sition is concerned there was no necessity for the States to stitutional, Mr. Speaker, I think the Members of the House surrender their sovereign rights. The proposition of a post have given up sovereign rights of the States. It was a great office is altogether different. We gave to the Federal Gov­ day for those who believe that the States do not have the ernment the right to come in and take the natural resources capacity to govern themselves. It was a great day for those of the States without even saying "How do you do" to the who believe in overcentralization of government; who want State authorities. to see all power lodged in the Federal Government. It was Mr. ZIMMERMAN. Does the gentleman know of any in­ a great day for those people who think that the seat of all stance where a reservoir was constructed or a dam erected wisdom and power should be right here in Washington, and that the consent of the State was required before this was that there is no capacity in the local communities to govern done, even prior to the passage of the 1938 act? themselves. Mr. EBERHARTER. In actual practice before the passage Mr. Speaker, I think something should be done to correct of the 1938 act, the United States Army engineers collabo­ the act of 1938. There was no necessity for surrendering rated with the State authorities of any State in which there these rights. The sovereign States have rights. It was, how­ was a flood-control project in contemplation. Under the pro­ ever, a great victory for those who believe that the States visions of the 1938 act that will not be necessary. should be nothing but innocuous subdivisions of the Federal Mr. ZIMMERMAN. The Flood Control Act of 1936 pro­ Government. vided for the construction of a reservoir in Missouri. Under There was no emergency. The flood-control program was this act the Federal Government was given power to condemn moving along with rapidity, and in practically every section the land necessary for this reservoir. There was no require­ of the United States which needed flood control, projects ment there for the consent of the State of Missouri. were under way, the States were going along cooperating and Mr. EBERHARTER. Under the act of 1936? willing to accept the responsibility of paying their share; and Mr. ZIMMERMAN. Yes. It was declared that flood con­ there has never been an instance cited of any district refusing trol was a national emergency, that it was the duty of the to cooperate with the Federal Government when it came to Federal Government to assume the responsibility for it, and a flood-control project for their particular district. we gave the Federal Government the power to condemn these Mr. Speaker, we, individually, represent the people of our lands. There was no usurpation of State rights; there was district, we represent our States. We are not here as Mem­ nothing in the act that required the Government to get the bers of Congress representing the Federal Government. It is consent of the States. our duty to represent our States and to see that our States are Mr. EBERHARTER. Will the gentleman admit that the protected in all the powers reserved to them under the act of 1938 gives to the Federal Government powers which Constitution of the United States. it did not possess under the act of 1936? When there is no emergency, no necessity, no compelling Mr. ZIMMERMAN. Not at all. It has the same power reason to give up the sovereign power of the States, I think to go in and condemn land, pay for it, and take full control. the Congress is making a grave mistake in surrendering such In connection with the New Madrid spillway, the Government rights. May I quote from what the President said several went in and condemned land under the act of 1938 and, in years ago? some instances, took title to the land. There was no con­ It must be obvious that almost every new or old problem of gov­ sent of Missouri or any other State required. What is the ernment must be solved, if it is to be solved to the satisfaction of basis for the gentleman's contention? the people of the whole country, by each State in its own way. Mr. EBERHARTER. The basis for the contention is that I quote further from what the President said: in previous acts the States were compelled to participate and The preservation of this home rule by the States is a fundamental were compelled to pay a certain share of the initial cost of necessity if we are to remain a truly united country. The doctrine the project. Under the 1938 act they are not compelled to do of regulation and legislation by master minds, in whose judgment and wm all the people may gladly and quietly acquiesce, has been that. Previously, if the State did not wish to participate, too glaringly apparent at Washington during the past 10 years. or did not agree with the plans and specifications and the I regret very much that this Congress was weak enough at conclusions of the Engineering Department of the United a moment when there was no emergency to surrender the States Army, there would be no flood-control project in the sovereign rights of States. We should not give up the price­ particular State. For these reasons the States did not sur­ less heritage that belongs to the various States. render any of their sovereign rights. Mr. Speaker, I hope that some way may be found to change Mr. ZIMMERMAN. To refresh the gentleman's memory, this policy and that we will go back to the policy as enunciated may I say that under the Flood Control Act of 1928 the New in the Flood Control Act of 1936. Madrid-Burns Point spillway was made a part of the lower [Here the gavel fell.] Mississippi River project. The local interests did not contrib­ Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that ute anything, neither did the States. The Federal Govern­ the gentleman may proceed for 5 additional minutes, if he ment went in there and condemned in the Federal courts, wants more time. took the flowage· rights, and in some instances condemned The SPEAKER. Does the gentleman desire additional outright and took over complete title to those lands. Was time? that a violation of any State rights? Mr. EBERHARTER. Mr. Speaker, I would be glad to have Mr. EBERHARTER. Did not the 1936 Act provide that additional time if any Member desires to ask any questions there should be local contribution by the States? If so, then of me. that dam was constructed contrary to the provisions of the The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the 1936 act and the policy declared by that act ·of 1936. gentleman from Mississippi [Mr. RANKIN]? Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? Mr. ZIMMERMAN. Will the gentleman yield? Mr. EBERHARTER. For a question. •

454 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 18 · Mr. RANKIN. The gentleman quoted from a statement of other public building of any kind whatever until the written opinion of the Attorney General shall be had on the validity of the President, but the gentleman's quotation would indicate the title, nor until the consent of the legislature of the State in that the President is opposed to the provisions in the Flood which the land or site may be, to such purchase, has been given. Control Act of 1938, of which the gentleman complains. The facts are that the President approved those amendments. Eminent domain was not authorized. This statute relates Giere the gavel fell.] to purchase and purchase contemplates a voluntary agree­ ment. My information is that the Post Office Department, FLOOD CONTROL AND STATES' RIGHTS and, for that matter, other departments of the Government Mr. WHITTINGTON. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous follow the policy laid down in this statute. However, there consent to address the House for 10 minutes. is another statute that has been in force, certainly ever since The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the 1888. This statute gives to the United States the power to gentleman from Mississippi? condemn. It is title 40, section 257, and I quote: There was no objection. In every case in which the Secretary of the Treasury, or any Mr. WHI'ITINGTON. Mr. Speaker, I detain the House to other officer of the Government has been or shall be authorized to say a few words respecting flood control and States' rights in procure real estate for the erection of a public building, or for view of the statements of the gentleman from Pennsylvania other public uses, he shall be authorized to acquire the same for the United States by condemnation under judicial process when­ [Mr. EBERHARTER] and in view of the address and the corre­ ever, in his opinion, it is necessary or advantageous to the Govern­ spondence embraced in the address of the gentleman from ment to do so. Vermont [Mr. PLUMLEY] day before yesterday as they appear Nothing is said about consent. No consent is required. in the RECORD of Monday, January 16, 1939, beginning at page Under the Reclamation Act of June 17, 1902, title 43, sec­ 528. I oppose amending the Flood Control Act of 1938 to require tion 421, the power to condemn was conferred upon the local contribution for the construction of reservoirs. The Secretary of the Interior. No consent of the State was required in reclamation projects. I am advised that in the gentleman from Vermont [Mr. PLUMLEY] advocated no such past 35 years some 80 reservoirs have been constructed for amendment and apparently he, as well as the distinguished reclamation and that some 35 are now in process in construc­ chief executive of Vermont, Governor Aiken, is satisfied with the provision for the Federal Government paying the entire tion. No provision obtains in the law requiring the consent costs of reservoirs for flood control. of the States for the construction of reclamation works. The gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. EBERHARTER] advo­ RESERVOIR TITLES IN UNITED STATES cates local contribution, and the gentleman from Vermont In all cases, as I now recall, where the Federal Government [Mr. PLUMLEY] pleads for an amendment to protect the al­ has borne the entire costs of the construction of reservoirs, leged rights of the States. the title to the reservoir is in the United States Government. Under the omnibus Flood Control Act of 1936 the local This is the case in the Tennessee Valley, at Fort Peck, at interests are required to furnish lands and rights-of-way for Bonneville, at Grand Coulee, and at Boulder Canyon. dams and reservoirs. There was an exception that reduced There is nothing new about title being vested in the United the local contribution, and it happens that the reductions in States. All public improvements made at the sole cost of the local contributions were applicable to Pennsylvania and New United States provide, as I recall, that the title shall be vested England and to no other sections of the country. A more in the Federal Government. The title to land on which liberal yardstick for local contribution obtained in the act of every public building and every post office is in the Federal · 1936 for Pennsylvania and for New England than for other Government. The title to all resettlement and farm se­ areas. Whatever else may be said, the same yardstick ap­ curity projects is in the United States; the title to forests plies under the Flood Control Act of 1938, sometimes called is in the Government and in laws authorizing the enlargement the Whittington bill. of the national forests there is provision for condemnation. The power of condemnation is not new and there is nothing The consent of the States is not required. novel about it. Generally, condemnation and consent are I know of no statute providing for condemnation by the incompatible. Condemnation implies taking without consent, Federal Government or by a State or other legal subdivision otherwise there could be no condemnation. Consent implies that stipulates that such condemnation can only be exercised · agreement. The power of eminent domain is vested in all by consent. Consent and condemnation are incompatible. governments--national, State, and local. Such a power is The Secretary of War is authorized to condemn, under essential to their proper functioning. It is no answer to say title 33 of section 591 of the United States Code "land and that agreements are usually negotiated. The power is essen­ right-of-way needed to enable him to prosecute works for tial nevertheless. rivers and harbors." This statute has been in force since Again, public-service corporations, including railways and 1888; it was made applicable to flood control by the act of utilities, are vested by all of the States in the Nation with the March 1, 1917, which is section 701 of title 33 of the United power to condemn. A consent is not essential. As a boy I States Code. There is no requirement for consent in the ex­ recall a home taken, without the consent of the owner, by a ercise of eminent domain in river and harbor work and in railway company as a right-of-way, by eminent domain. I flood-control work. The power to condemn has existed by know of many homes condemned for rights-of-way for levees statute for some 60 years. No requirement for consent along the Mississippi River. Consent was not given. Only obtains. condemnation provided for the public work that was essential DAMS IN \'ERMONT to protect the lives and property of the people. Under the National Industrial Recovery Act the President · The controversy as to States' rights properly raises the of the United States was given the power to condemn. This question as to whether or not a utility company in Vermont, act provided for the Public Works Administration; it provided Pennsylvania, or Mississippi, may have the power of eminent for the Civil Works Administration, subsequently the Works ·domain and that power be denied to the Federal Govern­ Progress Administration. Public works were authorized. ·ment in the exercise of a Federal fUnction. To ask the River and harbor and flood-control improvements were au­ question is to answer it. thorized among others. The power to condemn contained no I saw in the public press a few days ago where a dis­ provision for consent of the States in which the projects tinguished Member of another body, Senator AusTIN, of Ver­ obtained. mont, was credited with the statement that the Federal Gov­ Many States established boards to cooperate with the Fed­ ernment had never exercised the power of eminent domain eral Government in the construction of public works. Among without the consent of the State since 1841. The Senator these was the State of Vermont. These boards were given evidently had in mind title 40, section 255 of the United the power to condemn and the power to transfer title to the States Code, first enacted in 1841. I quote: Federal Government. No public money shall be expended upon any site or land pur­ Substantially no dams for flood control have been con­ chased by the United States for the purpose of erecting thereon structed unless practically all of the costs have been paid any armory, arsenal, fort, navy yard, customhouse, lighthouse, or by the Federal Government. One of the first States to 1939 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 455 take advantage of the construction of public works to pro­ gestion contained in the letter of the Secretary of War dated vide for unemployment under the National Industrial Recov­ January 5, 1939, the controversy respecting States' rights ery Act was the State of Vermont. I make reference to would never have been heard of. Flood-control works would hearings before the Comn;l.ittee on Flood Control, March 30 be under construction in Vermont. to April 19, 1938, page 312. Three dams were constructed For years I have advocated national flood control at Fed­ in the State of Vermont along the Winooski River; they were eral expense. It is my matured view that reservoirs for flood begun under the National Industrial Recovery Act. The control will not be constructed unless the Federal Govern­ power to condemn obtained. There was no protest on the ment underwrites the costs of construction. The policy con­ part of Vermont when the Federal Government was provid­ tained in the Flood Control Act of 1938 represents the culmi­ ing for her unemployed; there was no protest when the Fed­ nation of my efforts for national flood control at national eral Government was paying substantially all of the costs expense. The bill was carefully considered. The conference of construction. Dams were built at East Barre, Wrights­ report passed the House almost unanimously; there were but ville, and Waterbury. There were certain channel works. 4 votes in opposition. The total cost to the Federal Government was $12,888,723. FEDERAL CONSTRUCTION REQUIRES THE POWER TO CONDEMN The cost to the local interests was $435,831. There is no As chairman of the Committee on Flood Control, I am more occasion for controversy now with respect to the interested in promoting flood control in all parts of our construction of flood-control dams under the act of 1938 common country. As matters now stand the Governor of than there was for the construction of the three dams men­ Vermont is responsible for the cessation of flood-control work tioned along the Winooski River in Vermont under the Na­ in that State. He requested the General Assembly of Ver­ tional Industrial Recovery Act and the amendments thereto. mont to petition Congress to direct the Secretary of War to But few if any States have received more generous treatment approve the proposed contract and to repeal the power to at the hands of the Federal Government than the State of condemn contained in the Flood Control Act of 1938; Vermont in the construction of reservoirs for flood control. I have already stated that there is no occasion for a con­ CONSENT OF STATFS UNNECESSARY tract. The Federal Government will comply with the require­ Congress has the power to pass flood-control legislation ments of the act of 1938. The work is under the supervision on navigable streams and their tributaries, to provide for of the Chief of Engineers; he has always dealt fairly with navigation, to promote interstate commerce, to provide for the States. I oppose the repeal of the power to condemn. the national defense, and for the general welfare. The The Governor did not request that Vermont be authorized States have delegated such powers to the Congress. The to contribute. As I have stated, if, the Federal Government exercise of the power by Congress contemplates the power is to pay, the Federal Government should be protected by to pass legislation for the execution of the works, but the having the power to condemn, if necessary. discussion of the ·academic power to condemn is wholly un­ Again, in a telegram to Representative PLUMLEY, on page necessary for, as I have pointed out, the United States, by 390 of the RECORD, the Governor of Vermont urges at ratifica­ many statutes, has authorized practically all agencies of the tion of the New England compacts. These compacts were Government to condemn lands when construction is pro­ negotiated under the Flood Control Act of 1936. ·This act vided. The consent of the State is not necessary. The has been amended. There is no occasion for the compacts question has been passed upon by the Supreme Court. Jus­ under existing law. Moreover, the compacts already author­ tice Brandeis rendered the decision. I quote from the case ized are inapplicable to existing law. I repeat, there is no of Arizona against California that arose in connection with occasion for compacts under the act of 1938. the construction of Boulder Dam: PURCHASE AND NOT CONDEMNATION THE POLICY The United States has power to construct a dam across a. navigable river for the purpose of improving navigation, and need While the Federal Government must have the inherent not first obtain approval of its plans by the State in which the power to condemn if the Federal Government is to construct, dam 1s to be located even though this be expressly required of it has been the policy of the Federal Government to pur­ it by statute of the State. (283 U. S. p. 451). chase and not to condemn. Ordinarily the Federal Govern­ STATES' RIGHTS IN VERMONT ment will not construct public works unless desired by the I have read the correspondence placed in the RECORD, as I local interests. It has been the universal policy of the Corps have stated, by the gentleman from Vermont [Mr. PLUMLEY], of Engineers in river and harbor and flood-control work to With deference, in my judgment, the controversy between the cooperate with States and with local interests. It has been Governor and the Secretary of War is wholly unnecessary. their policy to do no work where the local people opposed A casual reading of the correspondence between the Secretary such works. of War and the Governor of Vermont indicates that there It is my view that it may be necessary to exercise the power was no occasion for the controversy. The Federal Govern­ to condemn where the benefits will be to a State in which the ment is ready to construct a reservoir for flood control; the works are not located. Such a power is essential if the funds are available; it has not sought to condemn; it has program is to be national. sought to acquire by purchase; it has indicated that it is Mr. EBERHARTER. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman agreeable to the board of public works in Vermont acquiring yield? title and transferring it to the Government. There seems to Mr. WHITTINGTON. In just a moment I shall be glad to be agreement that the State acquire and that the Federal yield. For years I have advocated flood control as a national Government, upon transfer, pay the costs of lands and ease­ problem. I have stated that reservoirs would not be con­ ments. Governor Aiken, of Vermont, insists that a formal structed unless the Federal Government assumed the entire contract be executed. As shown by page 389 of the REcORD, costs. When the Committee on Flood Control reported the the Secretary of War states that no formal contract is neces­ bill to the House in 1938 it provided for the payment of 70 sary and that he is ready to initiate the works under the percent of the costs of reservoirs by the Federal Government. agreement reached. I opposed enlarging the Federal contribution on the floor of A further casual reading of the correspondence will indicate the House in order to protect my committee and to protect that the Governor of Vermont rather went out of his way the bill, for at that time we were afraid of a veto if the to emphasize his opposition to the power to condemn con­ Federal contribution were increased. tained in the Flood Control Act of 1938. I live in the lower There were extensive hearings. Representatives from all Mississippi Valley. Ordinarily formal contracts between the parts of the country were heard. Among others, Governor Secretary of War and the local levee boards are not entered Aiken, of Vermont, appeared .. He was heard at length and into. In a good many cases the Federal Government was his views were given carefUl consideration. Representatives authorized to condemn along the lower Mississippi River. In from Oklahoma, from Texas, from Colorado were heard; in practice the local levee boards obtain title and transfer fact, advocates of flood control from Boston to Los Angeles the title to the United States. Formal contracts were not and from Portland to Savannah appeared before the com­ necessary. If the Governor of Vermont had adopted the sug- mittee. 456 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 18 The Senate amended the bill so as to provide for the Fed­ They undertake to negotiate, but the power is vested in the eral Government paying the entire costs of reservoirs. The Federal agency nevertheless, because there might be some conference report agreed to the amendment. I advocated individual who would undertake to obstruct and prevent the the approval of the conference report because I was advised construction of a worthy project. That power remains for that the bill would be approved. Federal purposes. The controversy precipitated by the Governor of Vermont, I respectfully submit that in the correspondence between that will deprive Connecticut and Massachusetts and splendid the Governor of Vermont and the Secretary of War there cities in the lower reaches of the Connecticut River of ade­ should not be any delay and there is no occasion for con­ quate flood control that has been authorized by Congress, is troversy. Nothing remains except for Vermont to cooperate. most unfortunate. [Applause.] The Governor of Vermont recommended to his legisla­ Mr. EBERHARTER. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman ture-and I read from his address to the legislature-that yield? -the Congress of the United States be petitioned to approve Mr. WIDTTINGTON. In just a moment I will be pleased the proposed contract between the State of Vermont and the to yield. Federal Government. There was no occasion for formal The Federal statute first passed in 1841 authorizing pur­ contracts. The Government of the United States has ex­ chase by agreement and with the consent of the State had a pended hundreds of millions of dollars over a period of definite purpose. The matter of States' rights was not pre­ years. It has been by correspondence and by agreement. eminent or specially involved. Under the Federal Constitu­ Formal contracts. were not executed. tion, without the consent of the State lands purchased by · I reside on the lower Mississippi River. I know something agreement would not be subject to Federal jurisdiction. about flood-control works. The plan that has been "sug­ Congress authorized the purchase by agreement in order to ge.sted by the Secretary of War is the policy that has been provide jurisdiction. Such, however, is not the case with pursued in flood-control works, as I have stated. respect to the power of eminent domain. If the Federal A casual reading of this correspondence indicates, with agency is vested with the power of eminent domain, the all deference, that the Governor of Vermont complained and consent of the State is not necessary for the exercise of Fed­ found fault with this legislation, as does my colleague from eral supervision. Pennsylvania. He began talking· about States' rights. He I have before me the correspondence between the Secre­ manifested a political attitude at the beginning, but Secre­ tary of War and the Governor of Vermont inserted in the tary Woodring, in his letter of January 5, said that he would RECORD, as I have stateq, by the gentleman from Vermont gladly cooperate with him, that he would accept the good [Mr. PLUMLEY]. I regret exceedingly that the controversy offices of the public works board in· Vermont, that he had has arisen. It will result in delay in the construction of no desire to condemn, and that they would pay Vermont flood-control works; it is wholly unnecessary; a formal con­ just as they had paid other agencies the reasonable value _tract is not required. of the lands and of the flowage rights. In every instance the Secretary of War and the Chief of So as to the first recommendation of the Governor to his Engineers have lived up to their agreement. In every case legislature to petition Congress to approve the contract be­ they have complied with the Federal law. Such will con­ tween Vermont and the Federal Government, if such a con­ tinue to be their policy. tract were unnecessary, when Vermont under a similar stat­ [Here the gavel fell.] ute got three dams bUilt at a cost of $13,000,000 to the Federal Mr. RAYBURN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent Government and contributed only about $400,000, it is unnec­ that the gentleman from Mississippi may proceed for 10 essary now. There was identical or similar language for con­ additional minutes. demnation in the National Recovery Act. The power was not exercised then, as it is not to be exercised now. The SPEAKER pro tempore ther purposes"; to the Committee on Labor._ on Agriculture. 1939 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 461 By Mr. STEFAN: H. R. 2744. A bill to provide that any 90-day honorably dis­ H. R. 2729. A bill to amend an act approved December 17, charged war veteran suffering with any non-service-connected 1928, entitled "An act conferring jurisdiction upon the Court permanent total disability shall be eligible for pension, and of Claims to hear, examine, adjudicate, and enter judgment for other purposes; to the Committee on World War Veterans' thereon in claims which the \Vinnebago Tribe of Indians Legislation. may have against the United States, and for other purposes"; H. R. 2745. A bill to provide increases of pensions payable to the Committee on Indian Affairs. to the dependent widows and orphans, and to provide pen­ By Mr. VINSON of Georgia: sions to the dependent mothers and fathers of deceased World H. R. 2730. A bill to permit the President to acquire and War veterans who at time of death were suffering with service­ convert, as well as to construct, certain auxiliary vessels for connected disabilities of 10 percent or more in degree, and the Navy; to the Committee on Naval Affairs. for other purposes; to the Committee on World War Veterans' H. R. 2731. A bill to authorize alterations and repairs to Legislation. certain naval vessels, and for other purposes; to the Commit­ By Mr. PACE: tee on Naval Affairs. H. R. 2746. A bill to authorize the erection of a United H. R. 2732. A bill to provide for a further reduction in the States Veterans' Administration hospital for the southwest excessive supply of cotton grown in the United States, and for section of Georgia; to the Committee on World War Vet­ other purposes; to the Committee on Agriculture. erans' Legislation. By Mr. VOORHIS of California: By Mr. DIMOND: .. H. R. 2733. A bill to provide a pension of $60 per month to H. R. 2747. A bill relative to annual labor on mineral claims any war veteran so permanently disabled as to be unable to in the Territory of Alaska; to the Committee on Mines and earn a living by the performance of manual labor, and for Mining. other purposes; to the Committee on World War Veterans' H. R. 2748. A bill to authorize the Postmaster General to Legislation. contract for certain powerboat service in Alaska, and for H. R. 2734. A bill to provide for a statutory award of $10 other purposes; to the Committee on the Post Office and Post per month to any World War veteran who was wounded, Roads. gassed, injured, or disabled by an instrumentality of war in a By Mr. RANKIN: zone of hostilities, and for other purposes; to the Committee on World War Veterans' Legislation. H. R. 2749. A bill for the development and improvement of H. R. 2735. A bill to provide that the compensation or pen­ navigation, sanitation, water supply, recreation, transporta­ sion of service-connected disabled veterans shall be increased tion, and of electric power on the Potomac River and its by 10 percent of the basic amounts payable for each 5 years tributaries; to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. of age beginning with fortieth birthday, and for other pur­ By Mr. COCHRAN: poses; to the Committee on World War Veterans' Legislation. H. R. 2750. A bill to prohibit the issuance and coinage of By Mr. WELCH: certain commemorative coins, and for other purposes; to the H. R. 2736. A bill to amend the Merchant Marine Act of Committee on Coinage, Weights, and Measures. 1936, section 301 (a), paragraph (3) ; to the Committee on H. R. 2751 (by request). A bill to repeal sections 3711, Merchant Marine and Fisheries. 3712, and 3713 of the Revised Statutes which relate to the By Mr. CLASON: purchase in the District of Columbia of coal and. wood for H. R. 2737. A bill to establish the Federal Youth Service for public use, and for other purposes; to the Committee on the purpose of fostering the useful and gainful employment Expenditures in the Executive Departments. of post-school youths; to the Committee on Education. By Mr. LEAVY: By Mr. PIERCE of Oregon: H. R. 2752. A bill to include within the Kaniksu National H. R. 2738. A bill providing for the disposition of certain Forest certain lands owned or in course of acquisition by the Klamath Indian tribal funds; to the Committee on Indian United States; to the Committee on the Public Lands. Affairs. · By Mr. VOORHIS of California: By Mr. McGEHEE: H. R. 2753. A bill to extend the benefits of the Social Se­ H. R. 2739. A bill to aid in furnishing training in flying at curity Act to include individuals·who are physically disabled; the several land-grant colleges, and for other purposes; to to the Committee on Ways and Means. the Committee on Military Affairs. By Mr. RANDOLPH: By Mr. ALEXANDER: H. R. 2754. A bill to provide for financing certain self­ H. R. 2740. A bill to prevent the retroactive application of liquidating public works, to provide additional facilities for any Federal tax upon the employees of the States and their the national defense, to aid in the relief of unemployment, to instrumentalities; to the Committee on Ways and Means. stimulate business recovery, to promote the public safety, By Mr. PEARSON: and for other purposes; to the Committee on Banking and H. R. 2741. A bill to amend the Tennessee Valley Authority CUrrency. Act of 1933 . A bill to authorize the transfer to Dam to McKellar Dam; to the Committee on Military Affairs. the jurisdiction of the Secretary of the Treasury of pqrtions of By Mr. WELCH: the property within the military reserv:a,tion known as the H. R. 2757. A bill to provide for the acquisition of drydock Morehead City Target Range, N. C., for the construction of facilities for the Navy, on San Francisco Bay, and to au­ improvements thereon, and for other purposes; to the Com­ thorize the construction of certain public works, and for mittee on Military Affairs. other purposes; to the Committee on Naval Affairs. By Mr. CLAYPOOL: By Mr. COCHRAN: H. R. 2743. A bill to provide that the widow of a veteran H. R. 2758. A bill to provide for the payment of inter­ otherwise entitled to pension shall be entitled thereto if she ment expenses of Federal officers and employees dying was married to and living with the veteran for 3 years imme­ abroad and transportation expenses to the United States diately preceding his death, or she gave birth to a child by the of the remains, families, and effects of such officers and em­ veteran; to the Committee on World War Veterans' Legis­ ployees; to the Committee on Expenditures in the Executive lation. Departments. 462 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 18 By Mr. YOUNGDAHL: in file at time of death of the veteran; to the Committee on H. R. 2759. A bill to amend paragraph (1) of section 4 of World War Veterans' Legislation. the Interstate Commerce Act, as amended February 28, 1920 By Mr. O'CONNOR: (U. S. C., title 49, sec. 4); to the Committee on Interstate H. R. 2775. A bill authorizing the Arapahoe and Cheyenne and Foreign Commerce. ' Indians to submit claims to the Court of Claims, and for other By Mr. McREYNOLDS: purposes; to the Committee on Indian Affairs. H. R. 2760. A bill to extend the facilities of the Public H. R. 2776. A bill conferring jurisdiction on the Court of Health Service to active officers of the Foreign Service of Claims to hear, examine, adjudicate, and enter judgment in the United States; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. any claims which the Assiniboine Indians may have against By Mr. ANDERSON of Missouri: the United States, and for other purposes; to the Committee H. R. 2761. A bill to diminish the causes of labor disputes on Indian Affairs. burdening or obstructing interstate and foreign commerce, H. R. 2777. A bill to credit certain Indian tribes with sums to create a National Labor Relations Board, and for other heretofore expended from tribal funds on Indian irrigation purposes; to the Committee on Labor. works; to the Committee on Indian Affairs. By Mr. DOUGHTON: By Mr. SNYDER: H. R. 2762. A bill to consolidate and codify the internal­ H. R. 2778. A bill to defray the cost of travel and trans­ revenue laws of the United States; to the Committee on Ways portation of household effects of Government employees and Means. transferred other than by their own request, and for other ByMr. WEST: purposes; to the Committee on Expenditures in the Executi~ H. R. 2763. A bill to amend paragraph 1606 of the Tariff Departments. Act of 1930; to the Committee on Ways and Means. By Mr. WOLCOTT: By Mr. SCHAEFER of Illinois: H. R. 2779. A bill to authorize a preliminary examination . H. R. 2764. A bill to authorize the construction of a fill along and survey of the Clinton River and its tributaries in the state the Illinois shore of the pool of lock and dam No. 26 at Alton, of Michigan for flood control, for run-off and water-flow re­ Ill., and for other purposes; to the Committee on Rivers and tardation, and for soil-erosion prevention; to the Committee Harbors. on Flood Control. By Mr. LESINSKI: By Mr. MAY: H. R. 2765. A bill to remove discriminations against disabled H. R.'2780. A bill to provide more effectively for the na­ retired enlisted men of the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and tional defense by increasing the number of aircraft au­ Coast Guard who served in war; to the Committee on Invalid thorized to be procured and maintained; to the Committee Pensions. on Military Affairs. By Mr. LEMKE: By Mr. McCORMACK: H. R. 2766. A bill to provide for the purchase and sale of farm products; to the Committee on Agriculture. H. R. 2781. A bill to provide that Government life-insur­ By Mr. RANDOLPH: ance policies shall be incontestable after 2 years, and for H. R. 2767. A bill to improve the facilities for transconti­ other purposes; to the Committee on World War Veterans' nental motor transportation; to provide additional facilities Legislation. for the national defense; to aid in the relief of unemploy­ H. R. 2782. A bill to provide for reduction of interest on ment; to promote the publi.c safety; and for other purposes; Government life-insurance policy loans from 6 percent to 5 to the Committee on Roads. percent per annum, and for other purposes; to the Committee By Mr. GERLACH: on World War Veterans' Legislation. H. R. 2768. A bill to authorize a preliminary examination H. R. 2783. A bill to provide that persons in the armed and survey of the Neshaminy Creek, Bucks County, in the forces of the United States may take out Government life­ State of Pennsylvania, for flood control, for run-off and insurance policies at any time during their active service water-flow retardation, and for soil-erosion prevention; to the therein, and for other purposes; to the Committee on World Committee on Flood Control. War Veterans' Legislation. By Mr. DARDEN: By Mr. ELLIS: H. R. 2769. A bill providing for the acquisition of additional H. R. 2784. A bill to provide for the flood control and to lands for the naval air station· at Hampton Roads Naval improve the navigability of the White River; to provide for Operating Base, Norfolk, Va.; to the Committee on Naval the development of electric power; to provide for the agricul­ Affairs. tural and industrial development of the White River Valley; By Mr. GUYER of Kansas: to provide for reforestation and the proper use of marginal H. R. 2770. A bill for the relief of veterans of the World lands in said valley; to provide for the national defense by War to whom adjusted-service certificates were issued on the creation of a corporation for the operation of Govern­ erroneous certifications of service and from whom recovery ment properties therein; and for other purposes; to the Com­ is demanded for sums advanced on such adjusted-service mittee on Rivers and Harbors. certificates; to the Committee on Ways and Means. By Mr. COSTELLO: By Mr. GRANT of Alabama: H. R. 2785. A bill to repeal section 38 of the act of Feb­ H. R. 2771. A bill to provide that a veteran's compensation, ruary 2, 1901; to the Committee on Military Affairs. pension, or retirement pay shall not be reduced during first By Mr. O'CONNOR: 90 days of his hospitalization or domiciliary care, and foT H. R. 2786. A bill to provide for the erection of a public other purposes; to the Committee on World War Veterans' historical museum in the Custer Battlefield National Ceme­ Legislation. tery, Mont.; to the Committee on Military Affairs. H. R. 2772. A bill to provide that veterans now receiving By Mr. FISH: compensation for certain so-called presumptive disabilities H. J. Res. 113. Joint resolution to prohibit the shipment of equivalent to 75 percent of the amount to which they were arms, ammunition, and implements of war from any place previously entitled shall henceforth have such compensation in the United States; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. restored to 100 percent thereof, and for other purposes; to By Mr. McREYNOLDS: the Committee on World War Veterans' Legislation. H. J. Res. 114. Joint resolution authorizing appropriation H. R. 2773. A bill to increase the pensions payable to the for expenses of a representative of the United States and of widows and orphans of World War veterans who die by his assistants, and for one-half of the joint expenses of this reason of service-connected disabilities, and for other pur­ Government and the Government of Mexico, in giving effect poses; to the Committee on World War Veterans' Legislation. to the agreement of November 9-12, 1938, between the two H. R. 2774. A bill to provide for adjudication of any claim Governments providing for the settlement of American for compensation, pension, or retirement pay upon evidence claims for damages resulting from expropriations of agrarian 1939 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 463 properties since August 30, 1927; to the Committee on Foreign H. R. 2803. A bill granting an increase of pension to Sarah Affairs. A. Swick; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. RANDOLPH: H. R. 2804. A bill granting an increase of pension to Alwilda H. J. Res.115. Joint resolution creating a Superhighways Ray; to.the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Commission; to the Committee on Roads. H. R. 2805. A bill granting an increase of pension to Flora H. J. Res.l16. Joint resolution creating a Transcontinental Smith; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Superhighways Commission; to the Committee on Roads. H. R. 2806. A bill granting an increase of pension to Clara By Mr. O'CONNOR: Collins; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. H. J. Res. 117. Joint resolution to amend the act of July 3, H. R. 2807. A bill granting an increase of pension to Emma 1926, entitled "An act conferring jurisdiction upon the Court Turner; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. of Claims to hear, examine, adjudicate, and render judgment H. R. 2808. A bill granting an increase of pension to Martha in claims which the Crow Tribe of Indians may have against McGraw; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. the United States, and for other purposes" (44 Stat. L. 807); H. R. 2809. A bill granting an increase of pension to Delilah to the Committee on Indian Affairs. Coffman; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. SHANLEY: H. R. 2810. A bill granting an increase of pension to Julia H. J. Res. 118. Joint resolution exempting 200-ton vessels A. Hull; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. from the provisions of the International Labor Treaty, draft H. R. 2811. A bill granting an increase of pension to Mary No. 53; to the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. M. Devol; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. LEMKE: H. R. 2812. A bill granting an increase of pension to H. Res. 59. Resolution amending section 4, of rule XXVII Augusta Lambert; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. of the rules adopted as the rules of the Seventy-fourth Con­ H. R. 2813. A bill granting an increase of pension to Mary gress; to the Committee on Rules. Briggs; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. COCHRAN: H. R. 2814. A bill for the relief of A. R. Wickham; to the H. Res. 60. Resolution authorizing the continuation of the Committee on Military Affairs. Select Committee on Government Organization; to the Com­ H. R. 2815. A bill granting a pension to Mamie G. Poin­ mittee on Rules. dexter; to the Committee on Pensions. By Mr. SHANLEY: H. R. 2816. A bill granting a pension to Edith Pyle; to the H. Res. 61. Resolution requesting the Speaker to appoint a Committee on Invalid Pensions. committee of five Members of the House of Representatives H. R. 2817. A bill granting a pension to Norma Roush; to to properly observe the one hundred and fiftieth anniversary the Committee on Invalid Pensions. of the :first meeting of the House of Representatives; to the H. R. 2818. A bill granting a pension to Mary Emma Bus­ Committee on Rules. sard; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. H. R. 2819. A bill granting a pension to Debbie Klingler; PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. H. R. 2820. A bill granting a pension to Emma Blosser; to Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private bills and resolutions the Committee on Invalid Pensions. were introduced and severally referred as follows: H. R. 2821. A bill granting a pension to Amanda Hart; to By Mr. ANDERSON of California: the Committee on Invalid Pensions. H. R. 2787. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Florence D. Marx­ H. R. 2822. A bill granting a pension to Willard Fulk; to Greene; to the Committee on Claims. the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. BROWN of Ohio: H. R. 2823. A bill granting a pension to Stella Littlejohn; H. R. 2788. A bill granting a pension to Frederika Bushong; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. H. R. 2824. A bill granting a pension to Corda Nichols; to By Mr. BROOKS: the Committee on Invalid Pensions. H. R. 2789. A bill for the relief of Peavy Byrnes Lumber H. R. 2825. A bill granting an increase of pension to Mary Co.; to the Committee on Claims. M. Poling; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. BYRNE of New York: H. R. 2826. A bill granting a pension to Hazel M. Beeman; to H. R. 2790. A bill for the relief of Steve Soulis; to the Com­ the Committee on Invalid Pensions. mittee on Claims. H. R. 2827. A bill granting a pension to Anna B. Friel; to By Mr. CANNON of Florida: the Committee on Invalid Pensions. H. R. 2791. A bill for the relief of Earl J. Reed and Giles H. R. 2828. A bill to amend certain records of the Depart­ J. Gentry; to the Committee on Claims. ment of the Navy, and for other purposes; to the Committee By Mr. CELLER: on Naval Affairs. H. R. 2792. A bill for the relief of Cristofaro Sapienza; By Mr. CLEVENGER: to the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization. H. R. 2829. A bill granting an increase of pension to Eliza By Mr. CLAYPOOL: Jane Miley; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. H. R. 2793. A bill granting an increase of pension to Eliza By Mr. DARDEN: Cook; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. H. R. 2830. A bill to confer jurisdiction upon the Court of H. R. 2794. A bill granting an increase of pension to Mary Claims to hear, determine, and render judgment upon the E. Shelton; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. claims of the persons named in this act for overtime service H. R. 2795. A bill granting an increase of pension to Ellen in the Norfolk (Va.) Navy Yard, Portsmouth, Va., between the J. Vince; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. years 1878 and 1882; to the Committee on Claims. H. R. 2796. A bill granting an increase of pension to Mary By Mr. DUNCAN: E. Baker; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. H. R. 2831. A bill granting a pension to Edna A. Cole; to the H. R. 2797. A bill granting an increase of pension to Jean­ Committee on Invalid Pensions. ette Wallace; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. DOUGHTON: H. R. 2798. A bill granting an increase of pension to Eliza H. R. 2832. A bill for the relief of John T. Dula; to the Com­ Noble; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. mittee on Claims. H. R. 2799. A bill granting an increase of pension to Martha By Mr. DOWELL: Buckingham; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. ·H. R. 2833. A bill granting a pension to Amelia Armenta H. R. 2800. A bill granting an increase of pension to Eliza­ Thomas; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. beth B. Orndurf; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. H. R. 2834. A bill granting a pension to Mary Etta Stark; H. R. 2801. A bill granting an increase of pension to Eliza­ to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. beth Foughty; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. EBERHAR'I'ER: H. R. 2802. A bill granting an increase of pension to Bertie H. R. 2835. A bill for the relief of Carrie Means; to the L. Santee; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Committee on Claims. 464 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY. 18 By Mr. FORD of Mississippi: By Mr. SMITH of Virginia: H. R. 2836. A bill for the relief of Louis M. McDougal; H. R. 2860. A bill for the relief of Ben Willie Jones; to the to the Committee on Claims. Committee on Claims. By Mr. GIFFORD: By Mr. SMITH of Washington: H. R. 2837. A bill to amend the military record of Walter H. R. 2861. A bill extending the provisions of an act entitled Gordon; to the Committee on Military Affairs. "An act to amend the act entitled 'An act for the retirement By Mr. GILLIE: of employees in the classified civil service, and for other pur­ H. R. 2838. A bill for the relief of Clyde C. Rhodenbaugh; poses,' approved May 22, 1920, and acts in amendment to the Committee on Military Affairs. thereof,'' to W. P. Campbell; to the Committee on the Civil By Mr. GRIFFITH: Service. H. R. 2839. A bill to confer jurisdiction upon the United By Mr. SPRINGER: States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana H. R. 2862. A bill for the relief of James A. Harris; to the to determine the claim of D. D. McElveen; to the Committee Committee on Naval Affairs. on Claims. H. R. 2863. A bill granting a pension to Zack Pool; to the By Mr. HOBBS: Committee on Invalid Pensions. H. R. 2840. A bill for the relief of the estate of S. J. Dean; By Mr. TAYLOR of Tennessee: to the Committee on Claims. H. R. 2864. A bill for the relief of R. A. Smith; to the Com­ By Mr. KEAN: mittee on Claims. H. R. 2841. A bill granting a pension to Clara T. Wilkins H. R. 2865. A bill granting a pension to Maud Russell; to the Simmons; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Committee on Pensions. By Mr. LECOMPTE: By Mr. VINCENT of Kentucky: H. R. 2842. A bill for the relief of J. P. Harris; to the H. R. 2866. A bill to authorize the award of the Congres­ Committee on Claims. sional Medal of Honor for distinguished service to Pleas H. R. 2843. A bill for the reHef of Sarah E. Garnes; to the Sanders; to the Committee on Military Affairs. Committee on Claims. By Mr. WIGGLESWORTH: By Mr. McREYNOLDS: H. R. 2867. A bill extending the benefits of the Emergency H. R. 2844. A bill for the relief of Elisha M. Levan; to the Officers' Retirement Act to Charles A. Bixby; to the .com­ Committee on Military Affairs. mittee on Military Affairs. By Mr. MANSFIELD: H. R. 2845. A bill conferring jurisdiction upon the United PETITIONS, ETC . . States District Court for the Southern District of Texas, Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions and papers were Galveston Division, to hear, determine, and render judgment laid on the Clerk's desk and reterred as follows: . upon the claim of the Southern Compress & Warehouse Co.; 232. By Mr. BOLLES: Petitions of the citizens of Burling­ to the Committee on Claims. ton, Waterford, Milton Junction, Janesville, Kenosha, and By Mr. MASON: Madison, Wis., and vicinity, requesting that we adhere to the H. R. 2846. A bill to record the lawful admission for per­ general policy of neutrality as·enunciated in the act of August , manent residence of Kurt Wessely; to the Committee on 31, 1935, and the act of May 1, 1937; to the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization. · Foreign Affairs. By Mr. O'BRIEN: 233. By Mr. BURCH: Petition of the Ministerial Association H. R. 2847. A bill granting a pension to Grace E. Fairchild; of Danville, Va., through its president, Rev. Joseph Dunglin­ to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. son, arid its secretary, D. L. Buchanan, and petition' signed H. R. 2848. A bill for the relief of Anna Matti! and others; by C. B. Clements and numerous citizens of Danville, Va., • to the Committee on Claims. requesting the Congress to take prompt and effective steps By Mr. O'CONNOR: to prevent the passage' of munitions and war supplies of any H. R. 2849. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Guy A. McConaha; kind from this country to Japan so long as Japanese armies to the Committee on Claims. are on Chinese soil; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. H. R. 2850. A bill authorizing the Secretary of the Interior 234. By Mr. CARTER: Petition of 37 members of the st. to issue a patent for cert'ain lands to Jordan N. Bean; to the Anthony's Holy Name Society of Oakland, Calif., urgi_ng con­ Committee on the Public Lands. tinuance of the Neutrality Act; to the Committee on Foreign H. R. 2851. A bill for the relief of Maurice J. O'Leary; to Affairs. · the Committee on Military Affairs. · 235. Also, petition of the executive committee of the Cali­ H. R. 2852. A bill for the relief of Charles F. Kegel; to the fornia Crusaders, representing more than 25,000 nonpartisan Committee on Claims. members, urging an adequate appropriation to permit the By Mr. PETERSON of Georgia: Dies committee to continue its work on un-American activi­ H. R. 2853. A bill for the relief of Frank Burgess Bruce; ties in this country; to the Committee on Appropriations. to the Committee on War Claims. 236. By Mr. CLASON: Petition of the Connecticut River By Mr. RISK: Game Fish Association, requesting the improvement of the H. R. 2854. A bill for the relief of Edward Burk; to the Connecticut River in regard to flood control, by widening and Committee on Claims. dredging the same from the flats above the Coolidge Bridge By Mr. RODGERS of Pennsylvania: in the city of Northampton at the village known as Smiths H. R. 2855. A bill granting a pension to Lizzie Lawson; to Ferry, for the purpose not only of controlling the waters of the Committee on Invalid Pensions. said river from flood stage but also to eliminate pcllution so By Mr. SACKS: as to make it a stream which will allow the propagation of H. R. 2856. A bill for the relief of Nicola Mordeglia; to the game fish in order that sportsmen may be induced to come Committee on Immigration and Naturalization. to the district; to the Committee on Flood Control. By Mr. SECREST: 237. By Mr. CURLEY: Petition of the Conference of Mayors H. R. 2857. A bill for the relief of August Ammann; to the and other municipal officials of the State of New York, urg­ Committee on the District of Columbia. ing New York State Representatives to oppose any legis­ By Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin: lation taxing municipal securities and revenues unless the H. R. 2858. A bill granting a pension to Hakon B. Duee; to reciprocal provisions are included; to the Committee on Ways the Committee on Pensions. and Means. By Mr. SHEPPARD: 238. Also, petition of Lieutenants Benevolent Association, H. R. 2859. A bill for the relief of Harry J. Thiessen; to the police department, New York City, urging support of legis­ Committee on Pensions. lation to prevent retroactive application of any Federal tax 1939 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 465 upon employees of the Stat~s; to the Committee on Ways and 257. By Mr. KRAMER: Resolution of the Board of Super­ Means. visors of the County of Los Angeles, relative to the Pacific 239. By Mr. DEROUEN: Petition of certain citizens of coast obtaining its proportionate share consistent with the Welsh, La., praying for continuation of present neutrality best national policy, in the construction and reconstruction policy of the United States; to the Committee on Foreign of the merchant marine, etc.; to the Committee on Appro­ Affairs. priations. 240. Also, petition of Sister Superior Venard and com­ 258. Also, resolution of the American Water Works Associa­ munity of Sisters of the Sacred Heart, Lake Charles, La., tion, relating to taxes levied on State and municipal securi­ protesting against the lifting of the Spanish embargo and ties, etc.; to the Committee on Ways and Means. urging the adherence of the United States to its present 259. Also, resolution of the Dancers' Federation, relative to neutrality policy; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. passage of the deficiency appropriation to maintain Works 241. By Mr. HAWKS: Petition, of 43 residents of Fort Progress Administration uncurtailed, etc.; to the Committee Atkinson, Wis., protesting against any change in the neu­ on Appropriations. trality policy of our Government; to the Committee on 260. By Mr. LAMBERTSON: Petition of Rev. F. A. Staab Foreign Affairs. and 280 other members of the Sacred Heart Rectory, Topeka, 242. Also, petition of 21 residents of Doylestown and Kans., urging adherence to our general policy of neutrality; Columbus, Wis., protesting against any change in the neu­ to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. trality policy of our Government; to the Committee on For­ 261. Also, petition of Rev. Patrick Mcinerney and 209 eign Affairs. other members of the Church of the Assumption, Topeka, 243. Also, petition of 92 members of faculty and student Kans., urging adherence to our general policy of neutrality; body of the College of the Redemptorist Fathers, at Ocono­ to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. mowoc, Wis., protesting against any change in the neutrality 262. By Mr. LANDIS: Petition of certain citizens of Wash­ policy of our Government; to the Committee on Foreign ington, Ind., urging the adherence of the United States to the Affairs. Neutrality Acts passed by the Congress of the United States 244. By Mr. HOOK: Petition of Anton Fertile, Leonard on August 31, 1935, and May 1, 1937, respectively; to the Erickson, and others, favoring increase in appropriation for Committee on Foreign Affairs. work relief; to the Committee on Appropriations. 263. By Mr. ·LEAVY: Petition of Local Union 98, lumber 245. Also, petition of the City Council of -the City of Ann and sawmill workers of lone, Wash., deploring the use of Arbor, Mich., regarding taxing of securities and revenues of deceit and demagogy on the part of candidates for high States and municipalities; to the Committee on Ways and office, and urging the installation of broadcasting equipment Means. in the halls of Congress in order that proceedings may be 246. Also, petition of the Michigan Municipal League, con­ heard by all citizens, and alleged proponents of social re­ cerning taxing of securities and revenues of States and forms may be exposed if they fail to adhere to their pledges municipalities; to the Committee· on Ways and Means. and perform in office according to the mandate of the people - 247. By Mr. HOUSTON: Petition of 400 farmers of Sumner by whom they were elected; to the Committee on Rules. County, Kans., urging the repeal of the Agricultural Adjust­ 264. By MT. MERRITT: Resolution of the New York State ment Act of 1938; to the Committee on Agriculture. Permanent Firemen's Association, urging the Members of 248. By Mr. JARRE'IT: Petition of 149 residents of Sharon, both Houses of Congress to support the bill to prevent the Pa., protesting against any change in the Spanish embargo; retroactive application of any Federal tax upon the employees to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. of the States and their instrumentalities; to the Committee 249. Also, petition of 400 residents of Greenville, Pa., to on Ways and Means. adhere to the general policy of neutrality as enunciated in 265. Also, resolution of the Holy Name- Society of St. the act of August 31, 1935, to retain on our statutej:Jooks the Andrew's Roman Catholic Church in Flushing, N. Y., pro­ further and corollary principle enunciated in the act of testing against the lifting of the embargo upon shipm-ents to May 1, 1937, extending the original act to include civil as Spain of munitions and war materials of any kind or de­ well as international conflicts; to the Committee on Foreign scription, and urging all Representatives to vote against any Affairs. bill or measure which advocates the lifting of such embargo; 250. Also, petition of 52 residents of st. Marys, Pa., pro­ to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. testing against any change in the Spanish embargo; to the 266. Also, resolution of the Holy Name Society of st. An­ Committee on Foreign Affairs. drew's Roman Catholic Church in Flushing, N. Y., strongly 251. By Mr. KEAN: Petition of sundry citizens of the city urging the continuance of the Dies committee, and that such of Newark, N. J., on the subject of neutrality as enunciated committee as continued consist of its present members with­ in the act of August 31, 1935, and the act of May 1, 1937; to out change or exception; to the Committee on Rules. the Committee on Foreign Affairs. 267. Also, resolution of the Colon Council 309, Knights of 252. By Mr. JENKINS of Ohio: Petition signed by 20 res­ Columbus, Long Island City, N. Y., respectfully dema]1ding idents of Lawrence County, Ohio, urging the passage of a and exhorting the Congress of the United States to continue bill to provide grants to the States for assistance to needy its policy of strict neutrality; to the Committee on Foreign incapacitated adults; to the Committee on Ways and Means. Affairs. 253. By Mr. KINZER: Petition of St. Joseph's Parish 268. Also, resolution of the Colon Council 309, Knights of Council of the National Council of Catholic Women of Lan­ Columbus, Long Island City, N.Y., demanding and exhorting caster, Pa., setting forth a declaration of policy on the sub­ the Congress of the United States to appropriate the neces­ ject of neutrality; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. sary funds to continue the work of the Dies committee; to 254. Also, petition of St. Peter's Parish Council of the the Committee on Foreign Affairs: National Council of Catholic Women, of Columbia, Pa., set­ 269. Also, resolution of the Oyster Bay Council, Knights of ting forth a declaration of policy on the subject of neu­ Columbus, Oyster Bay, N.Y., requesting that every effort be trality; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. made to oppose any measure designed to lift the embargo on 255. Also, petition of St. Anthony's Parish Unit of the Na­ arms to Spain; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. tional Council of Catholic Women, of Lancaster, Pa., setting 270. By Mr. REED of Illinois: Petition of John P. forth a declaration of policy on the subject of neutrality; to Schreimer, of Elgin, Ill., and 13 interested persons, recom­ the Committee on Foreign Affairs. mending the adherence to the general policy of neutrality as 256. Also, petitions of 797 citizens of the Tenth Con­ enunciated in the act of August 31, 1935; to the Committee on gressional District of Pennsylvania, setting forth a declara­ Foreign Affairs. tion of policy on the subject of neutrality; to the Committee 271. Also, petition of Rev. Burwell Beddoes, of Elgin, Til., on Foreign Affairs. and 62 interested persons. recommending adherence to the LXXXIV-30 466 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 18 general policy of neutrality as enunciated in the act of August 286. By Mr. WELCH: Petition a{ the Gentlemen's Sodality 31, 1935; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. of the Blessed Virgin, St. Ignatius Church, San Francisco, 272. Also, petition of William E. Mann, of Elgin, Ill., and 20 Calif., protesting against lifting of the Spanish embargo; to interested persons, recommending adherence to the general the Committee on Foreign Affairs. policy of neutrality as enunciated in the act of August 31, 287. Also, petition of the Board of Supervisors of Los An­ 1935; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. geles County, Calif., urging the Federal Government to see 273. Also, petition of Rev. Father Francis J. Epstein, pastor that the Pacific coast gets its proportionate share of con­ St. Michael's Church, of \Vheaton, Ill., and 38 members of struction and reconstruction work with reference to American the church. opposing the lifting of embargo on arms to merchant marine; to the Committee on Appropriations. Spain; opposing aid and comfort to combatants and recom­ 288. By Mr. WHITE of Idaho: Letter of Andrew J. Mac­ mending an investigation of such conditions; to the Com­ Donald, Gem, Idaho, opposing any change in the Wagner mittee on Foreign Affairs. Labor Act; to the Committ'ee on Labor. 274. By Mr. REES of Kansas: Petition of the Kansas 289. Also, petition of Henry Hussa, Bill Hansley, S. M. Farmers Liberty League and farmers of Sumner County, Trover, R. T. Stump, H. Loftis, Frank Depee, George Hensley, Kans.; to the Committee on Agriculture. Mrs. R. T. Stump, C. E. Wolfe, L. C. Bloom, Jordan Bush, 275. Also, petition of C. W. Covell, 410 Pine Street, Peabody, Herbert Busch, Thomas E. Ball, all of Wallace, and Minnie Kans., and others; to the Committee on Ways and Means. Larson, of Gem, and Frank J. Kenny, of Kellogg, State of 276. By Mr. RISK: Memorial of the Holy Name Society of Idaho, opposing any change in the Wagner Labor Act and St. Augustine's Church, Providence, R. I., to maintain em­ asking for a $6,.000,000 appropriation for the Labor Board; bargo against munition shipments to Spain; to the Com­ to the Committee on Labor. mittee on Foreign Affairs. 277. Also. memorial of the members of the Holy Name So­ 290. Also, petition of citizens of Shoshone County, Idaho, ciety of Our Lady of Mount Carmel Church, Bristol, R.I., to respectfully petitioning Congress, for as long as we shall maintain the embargo against munition shipments to Spain; adhere to the general policy of neutrality as enunciated in to the Committee on Foreign .Affairs. the act of August 31, 1935, to retain on our statute books the 278. By Mr. RODGERS of Pennsylvania: Petition of cer­ further and corollary principle enunciated in the act of May tain citizens of Corry, Pa., favoring the policy of neutrality 1, 1937, extending the original act to include civil as well as as enunciated in the act of August 31, 1935, and also the act international conflicts; to the Committee on For.eign Affairs. of May 1, 1937, etc., extending the original act to include 291. Also, resolution of the Canyon County Pomona civil as well as international confiicts; to the Committee on Grange, Caldwell, Idaho, stating that since this country is in Foreign Affairs. a depression again and the landowners by reason of the low 2'79. By Mr. SCHAEFER of lllinois: Petition of members prices received are and will be unable to meet the principal of Knights of Columbus Council, No. 1143, Edwardsville, Ill., payments to the Federal Land Bank and also commissioner urging Congress to keep the Spanish embargo; to the Com­ loans to the Government; therefor.e, be it resolved, that the mittee on Foreign Affairs. Canyon County Pomona Grange ask our congressional dele­ 280. By Mr. SCHIFFLER: Petition of the West Virginia gation to use all the influence at their command to secure Society of Professional Engineers, Charleston, W.Va., urging a moratorium on such principal payments; to the Committee that the National Labor Relations Act be amended to the ex­ on Agriculture. tent that any members of the legally recognized learned pro­ 292. By Mr. WOLCOTT: Petition of John Ordowski, Sr., fessions shall be exempt from any requirement to be repre­ and family, requesting Congress .to adhere to the general sented by any :p.onprofessional organization for collective policy of neutrality as enunciated in the act of August 31, bargaining; to the Committee on Labor. 1935; also that Congress launch an investigation of those 281. By Mr. TENEROWICZ: Petition of Alphonse Domb­ Leftist gr ups which are sponsoring propaganda favoring the kowski, Joseph J. Rajski, and other citizens of Detroit, Mich., lifting of the embargo on arms to "red" Spain; to the Com­ urging that we adhere to the general policy of neutrality as mittee on Foreign Affairs. enunciated in the act of August 31, 1935, and the act of May 293. By the SPEAKER: Petition of St. Mary's Holy Name 1, 1,.937; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Society, Milwaukee, Wis., petitioning consideration of their 282. By Mr. VORYS of Ohio: Petition of C. J. Weisgerber petition with reference to neutrality; to the Committee on and 21 others, of Columbus, Ohio, petitioning the Congress Foreign Affairs. to adhere to the general policy of neutrality as enunciated 294. Also, petition of St. Mary's Holy Name Society, Mil­ in the act of August 31, 1935, and also to retain on our statute waukee, Wis., petitioning consideration of their petition with books the corollary principle of the same act and to extend referenc€ to neutrality; to the Committee on Foreign Mairs. the original act to include civil as well as international con­ 295. Also, petition of the Amalgamation of Patriotic So­ flicts; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. cieties, Philadelphia, .Pa., petitioning consideration of their 283. Also, petition of J. E. Grace and 41 others, of Columbus, petition with reference to the Dies committee; to the Com­ Ohio, petitioning the Congress to adhere to the general mittee on Rules. policy of neutrality as enunciated in the act of August 31, 296. Also, petition of Mrs. Dan Reed, Oil City, Pa., peti­ 1935, and also to retain on our statute books the corollary tioning consideration of a petition with reference to war; to principle of the same act and to extend the original act to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. include civil as well as international con:flicts; to the Com­ 297. Also, petition of Incarnate Word Guild, Cleveland, mittee on Foreign Affairs. Ohio, petitioning consideration of the Spanish embargo; to 284. Also, petition of Lena Anderson and 34 others, of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Columbus, Ohio, petitioning the Congress to adhere to the general policy of neutrality as enunciated in the act of August 298. Also, petition of Sophie Kielpinski, of Columbus~ Ohio, 31, 1935, and also to retain on our statute books the corollary petitioning consideration of a petition with reference to neu­ principle of the same act and to extend the original act to trality and embargo; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. include civil as well as international conflicts; to the Com­ 299. Also, petition of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, mittee on Foreign Affairs. municipality of Papaya, Nueva Ecija, petitioning considera­ 285. Also, petition of Dan A. McEneany and 22 others of tion of their resolution No. 113, dated December 15, 1938, Columbus, Ohio, petitioning the Congress to adhere to the with reference to Felipe Buencamino, Jr., and William P. general policy of neutrality as enunciated in the act of August Buckner; to the Committee on the Judiciary. 31, 1935, and also to retain on our statute books the corol­ 300. Also, petition of the American League for Peace and lary principle of the same act and to extend the original act Democracy, New York, N. Y., petitioning consideration of to include civil as well as international conflicts; to the Com­ their resolution with reference to neutrality and embargoes; mittee on Foreign Affairs. to the Committee on Foreign Affairs.