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Effect of Bio-Fertilizers and Humic Acid on the Growth of Ranunculus (Ranunculus Asiaticus) Plant

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Effect of Bio-Fertilizers and Humic Acid on the Growth of Ranunculus (Ranunculus Asiaticus) Plant Plant Archives Vol. 20, Supplenent 1, 2020 pp. 2201-2207 e-ISSN:2581-6063 (online), ISSN:0972-5210 EFFECT OF BIO-FERTILIZERS AND HUMIC ACID ON THE GROWTH OF RANUNCULUS (RANUNCULUS ASIATICUS) PLANT Marwa Ali Abdul Jabbar and Janan Kassim Hussein* College of Agriculture, Al Qasim Green University, Iraq. Abstract The experiment was conducted in the lath house of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Garden, College of Agriculture, Al Qasim Green University for the autumn season 2018-2019, To study the effect of biofertilizer type and the method of adding humic acid on the growth of Ranunculus plant. The tuberous roots of Ranunculus asiaticus L. (Red cultivar) produced by Flower Holland company were cultivated after soaking in water them for 8 hours in a 22 cm diameter pots contains agricultural medium consisting of 3: 1 loamy sand and Peat moss, respectively. After the addition of biofertilizers (Trichoderma, mycorrhiza, Bacillus bacteria) and their interaction, the second factor is the method of fertilization with humic acid (in adding to soil 5 ml.L -1, foliar spray 3 ml.L -1) in addition to the control treatment. The experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment within the Complete Randomized Blocks design with three replicates and the averages were compared according to the least significant difference test (L.S.D) within a probability level of 0.05%. The results showed that the biofertilizers in their interaction improved most of the studied traits, The treatment of (Trichoderma + Micorrhiza + Basils) was characterized by giving the best average for the traits of flowering and vegetative growth. where the use of humic acid to improve the growth of Ranunculus and characterized by the ground addition on the spraying leaves to increase an average of studied traits, also helped the interaction between fertilizers and humic acid to improve the growth of Ranunculus plant and the production of flowers and increase vase life Introduction advanced agricultural techniques because it plays an important role in improving the natural, chemical and Ranunculus asiaticus L. belongs to the biological traits of soil, Nitrogen fixation, increasing the Ranunculaceae family. It has numerous names such as: constantinopolitanus, Persian Buttercup, and celery flower availability and absorption of nutrients such as phosphorus, potassium and microelements, thus improving plant growth (Rickard, 2011). It is a winter annual flowering bulbs of and production (Al Jubouri, 2013). Humic acid also plays dicotyledoneae, its preferably areas with moderate temperatures, the Mediterranean region is original home an important role in plant growth as it works to transport nutrients within the plant and increases the level of to it, also is spreading cultivation in Eastern of Europe, photosynthesis and increases the absorption of nutrients some regions of Africa, Asia, Syria and Iran also grows well in some parts of Iraq (Badr et al., 2008, Lehnebach, and dry matter in the plant, as well as stimulate the plant to resistance to stress conditions, as a source of nutrients 2010). Its economic importance comes because of its and thus increases the soil fertility (Tan, 2003). In view flowers suitable for commercial cutting, especially type of Ranunculus asiaticus. Flowers are used mainly in of the aesthetics and importance of Ranunculus flowers and the lack of studies on them despite the suitability of the flower bouquets either individually or in combination with other flowers (Bernstein, et al., 2011). The optimal the Iraqi environment for cultivation and multiplication of the research, The aim of this research is to determine use of microorganism’s activity and soil biological activity the best biological vaccine (Mycorrhiza, Trichoderma, is an environmentally safe alternative to the availability of essential nutrients compared to chemical fertilizers (Al- Basils) and the combination of them to improve the traits of vegetative and flowering growth and Tuberous roots Haddad, 1998). The use of biofertilizers, known as Bio production of Ranunculus. Determination of the best farming or Natural Agriculture, is one of the most method of fertilizing with humic acid (spraying on the *Author for correspondence : E-mail : [email protected] leaves or ground addition) to improve the traits of 2202 Marwa Ali Abdul Jabbar and Janan Kassim Hussein vegetative, flowering and tuberous growth of Ranunculus. -1), which is symbolized by H1. Materials and Methods 3. The addition of humic acid to the agriculture medium (5 ml.L -1), which is symbolized by H2. The experiment was conducted in the lath house of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Garden, 3. Experimental design College of Agriculture, Al Qasim Green University for The experiment was conducted as a factorial the autumn season 2018-2019 to study the effect of experiment (3× 8) according to Randomized Complete biofertilizer type and the method of adding humic acid on Blocks Design (R.C.B.D), with three replicates, each the growth of Ranunculus plant. The tuberous roots of one of them containing 24 treatments with four flowers Ranunculus asiaticus L. (Red cultivar) produced by per experimental unit, and the averages were compared Flower Holland company were cultivated after soaking to according to the test of less significant difference in water them for 8 hours on 8/11/2018 in a 15 cm diameter (L.S.D) under 5% probability level (Al Sahoki et al., pot plant containing agricultural medium consisting of 3: 1990). Data were analyzed using the ready statistical 1 loamy sand and Peat moss, respectively. program (Genstat). Study factors Results and Discussion 1. Biofertilizers Plant height (cm) Three types of biofertilizers were added that produces The results in table 1 indicate that the biofertilizers in the laboratories of the Agricultural Research, Ministry had a significant effect in increasing the height of the of Science and Technology,Include:- plant Ranunculus. The results showed that the biofertilizer • Trichoderma Spp. treatment of (Bacillus + Mycorrhiza) was significant • Mycorrhiza (Glomus mosseae) which gave the highest plant height amounted to 36.18 cm compared to the control treatment (without addition) • Bacillus sabtilus bacteria which gave the lowest plant height mounted to 29.20 cm. Fertilizer treatments in the experiment and their The method of using humic acid has a significant effect combinations in increasing the plant height of Ranunculus, The treatment 1) control(without adding fertilizer),which is of ground additives (5 ml.L -1) significantly excelled by symbolized B0 giving it the highest plant height amounted to 35.41 cm, -1 2) Trichoderma fungi, which is symbolized B1 while the foliar spraying treatment (3 ml.L ) gave the plant height which amounted to 31.46 cm, while the control 3) Mycorrhiza fungi, which is symbolized B2 treatment gave the lowest of plant height amounted to 4) Bacillus bacteria, which is symbolized B3 30.97 cm. The results of the same table showed that the 5) Trichoderma fungi + Mycorrhiza mushroom, which interaction between the biofertilizers and humic acid had is symbolized B4 a significant effect in increasing the plant height of Ranunculus plant. The interaction treatment [Bacillus + 6) Trichoderma + Bacillus, which is symbolized B5 Mycorrhiza + 5 ml.L -1] achieved the highest plant height 7) Bacillus + mycorrhizal, which is symbolized B6 of the Ranunculus amounted to 39.45 cm compared to 8) Trichoderma + Mycorrhiza + Bacillus bacteria, the control treatment which gave the lowest plant height which is symbolized B7 amounted to 24.10 cm. Humic acid The percentage of carbohydrates in leaves (%) Plants were treated with humic acid in the first two The results in table 2 indicate that the biofertilizers ways by spraying on the leaves until the complete wetness had a significant effect in increasing carbohydrates in was repeated and spraying process every (20) days during Ranunculus leaves. where The results showed that the the plant growth period (except the flowering stage), and biofertilizers (Trichoderma + Bacillus) was significantly the second addition is ground for the agriculture medium excelled and gave the highest The percentage of and repeat the addition every (20) days during the plant carbohydrates amounted to 0.61%. , Compared with the growth period (Except the flowering stage). As follows: control treatment which gave the lowest percentage of 1. control (add half fertilizer recommendation of liquid carbohydrates amounted to 0.40%. The method of using chemical fertilizer NPK),which is symbolized by humic acid has a significant effect in increasing the H0. carbohydrate content of the plant. Where the treatment of ground additives 5 ml.L -1significantly excelled by giving 2. Fertilization with humic acid foliar spraying (3 ml.L Effect of bio-fertilizers and humic acid on the growth of Ranunculus (Ranunculus asiaticus) plant 2203 Table 1: Effect of bio-fertilizers type, humic acid and their interaction on plant height of it the highest carbohydrate Ranunculus. content of Ranunculus plant Biofertilizers (B ) (H) Humic acid The average amounted to 0.55 %,while the 0 foliar ground Biofertilizer foliar spray treatment 3 ml.L -1 spraying addition gave The percentage of 3 ml.L-1 5 ml.L-1 carbohydrates in leaves Control (B0) 24.10 27.80 35.70 29.20 amounted to 0.48 %, while Trichoderma (B1) 27.30 29.95 34.80 30.68 control treatment gave the Mycorrhiza (B2) 34.30 29.80 33.65 32.58 lowest The percentage of Bacillus (B3) 31.80 31.65 34.65 32.70 carbohydrates amounted to Mycorrhiza + Trichoderma (B4) 30.10 34.95 37.30 34.12 0.44%. The results of the same Bacillus+ Trichoderma (B5) 29.60 29.60 36.55 31.92 table showed that the interaction Bacillus+Mycorrhiza (B6) 35.95 33.15 39.45 36.18 between biofertilizers and humic Trichoderma+ + MycorrhizaBacillus (B7) 34.65 34.80 31.15 33.53 acid had a significant effect in The average Humic acid 30.97 31.46 35.41 increasing the carbohydrate L.S.D 0.05 H*B: 2.09 H:0.74 B:1.21 content of Ranunculus.
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