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Factors Influencing Girl Child Drop-Out in Primary Schools in Terekeka County, South Sudan

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Factors Influencing Girl Child Drop-Out in Primary Schools in Terekeka County, South Sudan FACTORS INFLUENCING GIRL CHILD DROP-OUT IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN TEREKEKA COUNTY, SOUTH SUDAN CHARITY GABRIEL DUKU ADALA REG. No. N69/66769/2013 A PROJECT PAPER SUBMITTED TO THE INSTITUTE OF ANTROPOLOGY, GENDER AND AFRICAN STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT STUDIES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI OCTOBER 2016 DECLARATION This project paper is my own original work and has not been presented for a degree in any other University. Signature…………………………………… Date……………………… CHARITY GABRIEL DUKU This project paper has been submitted for examination with my approval as the university supervisor. Signature…………………………………… Date………………………… Prof. Wilfred K. Subbo ACKNOWLEDGEMENT There are a number of people without whom this project might not have written, and to whom I am greatly indebted. My sincere gratitude to the University of Nairobi for offering me the opportunity to study, learn and to acquire knowledge and skills, that I must admit the experiences was filled with learning process new ideas and endless exploring, hard work, discoveries and independent learning process. I am very grateful and humbled to acknowledge my supervisor Prof. Wilfred K. Subbo, who devoted his time and intellect capacity in assisting me to prepare, mentoring, ideas, knowledge and constructive criticisms that contributed to the success and completion of this research. And my sincere gratitude and honor also goes to Prof. Simiyu Wandibba for his advice, insight criticisms, patience encouragement and delight guidance throughout the writing of this research. I will forever be indebted to you and thank you for your endless support God bless you. I would also like to dedicate this scholarly work to the entire University of Nairobi and to our staff at the Institute of Anthropology, Gender and African Studies fraternity not to forget my lecturers, friends and colleagues. My sincere gratitude once more goes to H.E Joseph Ukel the former Minister of Education, Ministry of General Education & Instruction. And H.E Deng Deng Hoc Yai the Former Undersecretary Ministry of General Education & Instruction and Current Minister of Education, Ministry of General Education & Instruction. And Mr. Lino Wandu the Former Acting Undersecretary Ministry of General Education & Instruction. In addition my gratitude to the Ministry of General Education & Instruction and Ministry of Labour, Public Service and Human Resources Development for releasing me for study leave with benefits. Word of thanks to the people of Terekeka County for giving me their support and information that I needed for this study. For the girls and all my respondents thank you for your endless support the success of this study is for you and your afford for having time for participating in this study. i In addition I would to like extend my gratitude to the people who help me through this academic journey, first and foremost, my husband Mr. Clement Balla, your support, encouragement and dedication to this academic journey, this success is not mine alone but it is yours too. And to my late father Mr. Gabriel Duku Adala thank you it is always your dream to see us your daughters get education and be independent, father this study success and achievement is not mine alone but yours as well. Special acknowledgement goes to my mother Mrs. Angelina Eli for your support and love that keeps me going to realize my gold. In addition my special gratitude goes to my lovely twin‟s daughters Anita and Abira Balla for being so understanding and patience with me went I was busy with my studies, this research is for you and many generations to come, this is what kept me focused up to the end of this study, and to be a role model to you and to all the girls who are denied opportunities of accessing education like any other child in the world. ii DEDICATION I would like to dedicate this project to the following people; my husband, my twin‟s daughters. I also dedicate it to my parents and my siblings. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION ................................................................................................................. i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................................... i DEDICATION ................................................................................................................... iii ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... ix LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... vii LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................... viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS .......................................................... ix CHAPTER ONE ................................................................................................................1 BACK GROUND TO THE STUDY ................................................................................1 1.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................1 1.2 Statement of the Problem ...............................................................................................3 1.3 Research Questions, .......................................................................................................5 1.4 Objectives of the Study ..................................................................................................5 1.4.1 General Objective ....................................................................................................5 1.4.2 Specific Objectives ..................................................................................................5 1.5 Assumptions of the study ...............................................................................................6 1.6 Justification of the study ................................................................................................6 1.7 Scope and of limitations of the study .............................................................................6 1.8 Definitions of terms .......................................................................................................7 CHAPTER TWO ...............................................................................................................8 LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................................................................8 2.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................8 2.2 General Situation ...........................................................................................................8 2.3 Challenges facing education in South Sudan .................................................................9 2.4 Factors influencing girl child drop-outs in Terekeka County ......................................13 2.4.1 School environment...............................................................................................13 2.4.2 Early Marriage.......................................................................................................16 2.4.3 Family economic status, ........................................................................................19 2.4.4 Cultural practices...................................................................................................20 iv 2.4.5 Civil strife ..............................................................................................................21 2.5 Theoretical Framework ................................................................................................23 2.5.1 Social relations framework....................................................................................23 2.5.2 Relevance of the theory .........................................................................................24 CHAPTER THREE .........................................................................................................25 METHODOLOGY ..........................................................................................................25 3.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................25 3.2 Research site ................................................................................................................25 3.3 Research Design...........................................................................................................27 3.4 Target population ........................................................................................................27 3.5 Sample size and sampling procedure ...........................................................................27 3.6 Data Collection Methods .............................................................................................28 3.6.1 Key informant Interviews......................................................................................28 3.6.2 Focus Group Discussions ......................................................................................29 3.6.3 Secondary data sources .........................................................................................29 3.6.4 Data Processing and Analysis ...........................................................................29
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