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IMPLICATIONS FOR EAST AND WEST Also by Roy Godson AMERICAN LABOR AND EUROPEAN POLITICS THE KREMLIN AND LABOR

Also by Stephen Haseler THE GAITSKELLITES THE DEATH OF BRITISH DEMOCRACY 'EUROCOMMUNISM'

Implications for East and West by

Roy Godson Stephen Haseler

Research Contributors Leonard Schapiro- Annie Kriegel- Giuseppe Are Fran~ois Bourricaud - Rui Machete- Eusebio Mujal-Leon © National Strategy Information Center Inc. 1978 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover rst edition 1978 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without permission.

First published 1978 by THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD London and Basingstoke Associated companies in Delhi Dublin Hong Kong Johannesburg Lagos Melbourne New rork Singapore Tokyo

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

Godson, Roy 'Eurocommunism' 1. Communist parties 2. Political parties-Europe I. Title II. Haseler, Stephen 329'.02'094 JN94.A979 ISBN 978-0-333-25677-0 ISBN 978-1-349-15934-5(eBook) ) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-15934-5

The paperback edition of this book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher's prior consent, in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser

This book is sold subject to the standard conditions of the Net Book Agreement To Frank, Ed and Frank and others who care Contents

List qf Abbreviations Vlll Introduction

1 THE STRENGTH OF COMMUNIST PARTIES IN WESTERN EUROPE 7 An overview 7 Membership I 2 Communists at the Polls 20 Communist Parties and Trade Unions Causes qf Communist Strength

2 THE COMMUNIST PARTIES AND DOMESTIC POLITICS 45 The Communist Party as a 48 The Communist Parties and their Alliances 65 Policy, and the Democratic Consensus 78 Has 'Eurocommunism' become '?' 87

3 THE COMMUNIST PARTIES AND THE INTER- NATIONAL BALANCE 93 The Communist Parties and the 94 The Communist Parties and Europe 97 The Communist Parties and Western Difence I 04 The Soviet Response I I 2 Soviet Sources qf Irifluence I I 6 The International Balance qf Advantages I I 9

Notes I25 Appendix: Research Contributors I37 Index I39

VII List of Abbreviations

AFL-CIO American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations DC Christian Democratic Party (Italy) CGIL Italian General Confederation of Labour CGT General Confederation of Workers (France) CGTP-IN Intersindical-General Confederation of Workers (Portugal) Council for Mutual Economic Assistance CP Communist Party CPGB Communist Party of Great Britain CPSU Communist Party of the Soviet Union DKP (Federal Republic of Ger­ many) EC European Communities (European Atomic Energy Com­ munity, European Coal and Steel Community, and Euro­ pean Economic Community) EEC European Economic Community FDP Free Democratic Party (Federal Republic of ) FNLA National Front for the Liberation of Angola GDR German Democratic Republic KGB Committee of State Security of the Soviet Union MFA Armed Forces Movement (Portugal) MP Member of Parliament MSI (neo-) NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization PCE (Spanish) Communist Party PCF (French) Communist Party PCI (Italian) Communist Party PCP (Portuguese) Communist Party PLO Palestine Liberation Organization

Vlll List of Abbreviations lX

PSOE (Spanish) Socialist (Workers) Party PSP (Spain) SPD Social Democratic Party (Federal Republic of Germany) TASS News Service of the Soviet Union TUC Trades Union Congress (Great Britain) USSR Union of Soviet Socialist Republics WFTU World Federation of Trade Unions