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Pekande- Kandea Tradition in Sangia Wambulu, Southeast Sulawesi (A Cultural Study)

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Pekande- Kandea Tradition in Sangia Wambulu, Southeast Sulawesi (A Cultural Study) ISSN 0216 - 809X (Print) ISSN 2685– 4112 (Online) Pekande- Kandea Tradition In Sangia Wambulu, Southeast Sulawesi (A Cultural Study) Emma Bazergan1, Lusy Anggreani 2, Rabi’al Adawiah3 1,3Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Muslim Indonesia 2 Akademi Bahasa Asing UMI Abstract The aims of this research were to find out about the process of Pekande – Kandea tradition and values moral are in Pekande - Kandea tradition in Buton history. This research used qualitative descriptive that could give an explanation about the process and moral values moral about Pekande – Kandea tradition. The result of this research should that the process of Pekande – Kan- dea has uniqueness and moral values moral that have a connection with heroism and together- ness. And this tradition one and only that exist also still running every year in Buton Island. The conclusion of this research is Pekande - kandea is a cultural heritage that is a nation that contains a variety of ideas knowledge of customs and behavior of the community in the past. Pekande – Kande tradition happened two times but in a different eras. This tradition also has a relationship with the Tolandona knight’s struggle who wants to return sovereignty Sultanate of Buton. Keywords: Pekande – Kandea Tradition, Sangia Wambulu, Southeast Sulawesi Abstrak Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui proses tradisi Pekande - Kandea dan nilai - nilai moral yang ada dalam tradisi Pekande - Kandea dalam sejarah Buton. Penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif yang dapat memberikan penjelasan tentang proses dan nilai moral moral tentang tradisi Pekande - Kandea. Hasil penelitian ini seharusnya bahwa proses Pekande - Kandea memiliki keunikan dan nilai moral moral yang memiliki hubungan dengan kepahlawanan dan kebersamaan. Dan tradisi ini satu-satunya yang ada juga masih berjalan setiap tahun di Pulau Buton. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah Pekande - kandea adalah warisan budaya yang merupakan bangsa yang berisi berbagai ide pengetahuan adat dan per- ilaku masyarakat di masa lalu. Tradisi Pekande - Kande terjadi dua kali tetapi dalam era yang berbeda. Tradisi ini juga memiliki hubungan dengan perjuangan ksatria Tolandona yang ingin mengembalikan kedaulatan Kesultanan Buton. Kata Kunci : Tradisi Pekande - Kandea, Sangia Wambulu, Sulawesi Tenggara 1. Introduction can be said culture reflect parts of society Indonesia is one of a country which which were inherited from generation to has many islands and kinds of traditional generation by studying the behaviors of so- cultures. The culture and human being is a ciety regularly. Culture has atightrelation- whole who cannot be seperat- ship with the society who become a custom ed.Koentjaraningratsaid that culture as the since a long time and still continue until power of the mind wills and taste,and there- now. Culture is all things which were ever sult of culture iscreativity, initiative and created by human beings. sense. (Koentjaraningrat (2000:181). Based on the experts, one part of According to Linton, R. culture is custom. Indonesia is the country (1945:p.32), culture is behavior the mem- who has many cultures and customs, one of bers of socety. The result of behavior is them is located on Buton Island, South East component elements are shared and trans- Sulawesi. Buton island is a thousand for- mitted. tress that until now keep many customs and Based on the explanation above, it cultures one of them is in Sangia Wambulu VOL 15 NO 2 DESEMBER 2016 73 ISSN 0216 - 809X (Print) ISSN 2685– 4112 (Online) called “ Pekande – kandea tradition.” definition includes three of the most im- The implementation of Pekande – portant characteristic of culture: kandea tradition in Buton history is an in- a. Culture is purchase by people; a pro- teresting topic to discuss. Pekande - Kandea cess called enculturation in Wolio language is eating, or it can be b. A person acquires culture as a mem- said meals. ber of society. Social life would be This matter presented by Indonesia impossible without understanding and Travel that Pekande-Kandea means mealin practice shared by all individuals. the local dialect, and holds much meaning. c. Culture is a complex whole. Its ethnic The tradition originally observed as a way are called cultural traits. They may to welcome the country’s war heroes return- include a customary barrel place for ing from the battlefield.Moreover, the other the dead; a decide, such as a plow, or hand I was inspired by H. Hasiri (2015) gesture,such handshake. A group of Pekande – kandeasynopsis, as he mentioned related traits is called a culture pattern. in his synopsis that Pekande – kande held For example, the corresponding cus- since 16 century for the first time, He also tom dating, courtship, and marriage added that pekande – kandea have con- from a culture pattern. tained custom and attitude. Moreover, the (Sadarman.2004). second time in two hundred after it or about 18 century. At that point in the United Based on the explanation above that Kingdom is going Rennaissance period also culture is habit acquired from long process called the early period of the New English that passed by human as member of society. where only centered in the history of lan- Tradition is a habit that adopted by guage and the Elizabethan Age ( Queen certain people; example is Pekande – kan- Elizabeth I) or Jacobean Age ( King dea tradition which held every year and has James ).So,therehas acorrelation that begins become a tradition until now. Likewise, in a new phase of Sultanate Buton successful theword of Thomas A. Green (1997) said muffle rebellion,while the United Kingdom thattradition is a belief or behavior inherited became New English or New Era. Yulia within society with symbolic meaning or Widiaty when funded by Kompas team, she special sense with origins in the past. So, it said that Pekande – Pekande is for looking is clear that tradition is about behavior from mate, and have afunction for tightening si- society. latuhrahmi and welcoming guest. From A custom (also called a tradition) is now, the writer trying to search from anoth- a law or right which is not written and is in er side, because It does not only offer practice since a long time and is given by knowledge about the tradition, however al- our ancestors. It is anything which lots of so knowledge about attitude and moral val- people do, and have done for a long time. ue. Usually, the people come from the same Nowadayspekande – kandetradition country, culture, time or religion. If some- introduced to the public outside as an an- thingnormally done the same way, you may cestral cultural heritage of the island of say that is the "customary way" of doing Buton in particular district Sangia Wambu- things. (Wikipedia custom) lu. Custom is a practice or a way of do- One of the things that make us re- ing business that have been handed down semble to some people in the world and dif- from one generation to the next. Custom are ferent from most others is culture. It is can part of the culture shared by members of be theidentity of the group or society thesocial group. Many customs begin be- whoappeared because of habit from society cause people like to know what to expect in itself. Culture, in the words of E.B. Tylor in social situations. Furthermore, thecustom is Primitive Culture (1871:1) said that human not just about the main characterizes the s a member of society have habit thta ob- manner, but include the way of thinking, tained the complex whole includes acculturation, human creation, habit, and knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, art. Like all culture, customs area from of and any capabilities.Moreover, then Tylor’s learned behavior and they differ among dif- VOL 15 NO 2 DESEMBER 2016 74 ISSN 0216 - 809X (Print) ISSN 2685– 4112 (Online) ferent peoples. ( Sadarman.2004) South East Asia. Buton kingdom Regency- Buton has many traditions and cus- location onat 5o3’ S 122o53’E have total tom ceremony who is still running and pro- area land 4,408 km2 with the largest settle- tected until now. Buton as ex-Sultanate of ment is Bau – Bau. Total population about many inherited values noble culture that 447,408 (as of 2010) with anethnic group is based on his Muslim religious beliefs. This Butonese people. It is one of the biggest is- value would then be regarded an idea how- land lines on the Southeast Sulawesi. Be- ever subsequently realized by the results of sides, Buton Island as is known as The real work, both in the life of society, the Thousandforts and become the greatest fort state and personal life. One result of actual in the world. Now Buton island is one of work inherited from ancestors is Pekande - aim tourism places for foreign people. Be- Kandea tradition conducted community cause Buton island keeps many history and Sangia Wambuluin Tolandona. culture, who make people interest with it. Talking about Pekande – kandea According tokabenci - kabenci ( manu- which is meaning eating, certainly we talk- scripts ) and Tula - Tula ( oral traditional ). ing about table manner or etiquette in away Before the kingdom of Buton formed there to eat in tradition. have been small kingdoms which are inde- Etymologically the word ethics and pendent and sovereign such as Kama- etiquette comes from the Greek, the “ rukingdom, Tobe – Tobe, Ambuau, Wabula, ethos”, which means “custom” or “habit.” Todanga, Bombonawulu, the kingdom loca- In a further development of the ancient. tion onKabaena and Muna Kingdom. Arri- French word ethics derived from the word val groups Mia Patamiana and some popula- ethiquewhich meanssome moral principles. tion groups from some of the area around Base on Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, for the beginning of Buton Kingdom. etiquette is defined as: the procedures (Wikipedia/wiki.buton).
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