Tangaza University College Duquesne University
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TANGAZA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUQUESNE UNIVERSITY LYUBAH HUMPHREY ANDIBAH, MAfr THE MISSION OF THE WHITE FATHERS IN KENYA WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON THE ARCHDIOCESE OF NAIROBI 1968 – 2008 SUPERVISOR Rev. Dr. Joseph Ngulu Mpala A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Master of Arts Degree in Theology NAIROBI 2017 STUDENT’S DECLARATION I, the undersigned, declare that this Thesis is my original work achieved through my personal reading, scientific research method and critical reflection. It is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Master of Arts Degree in Theology. It has never been submitted to any other college or university for academic credit. All sources have been cited in full and acknowledged. Signed:……………………………………………………………………………… Name of Student: Lyubah Humphrey Andibah Date:……………….…………………….……………..…………………………… This Thesis has been submitted for examination with my approval as the college supervisor. Signed:……………………………………………………………………………… Name of Supervisor: Rev. Dr. Joseph Ngulu Mpala Date:………………………………………………………………………………… i DEDICATION To all the Missionaries of Africa who have worked and continue to work in Kenya ii EPIGRAPH Sent by God, the Father, We “The Missionaries of Africa Want to reveal his Love, Deeply-rooted in Christ, In small international and intercultural communities, To the heart of the local Churches As brothers or priests In dialogue with Other cultures, and especially with the Africans, Other religions and particularly Islam For the promotion of all humanity, We commit ourselves for and with the poor, as initiators and agents of unity and reconciliation. Commitment for Justice, Peace and the safeguard of the Creation. We want to be bearers of hope On the road of Liberation. [From the Website of the White Fathers: http://vocations.ca/communities_dioceses/brothers/white_fathers/ (accessed 2/3/17)] iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My heartfelt gratitude goes to all those who in different ways contributed to the success of this work. First of all I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Rev. Dr. Joseph Ngulu Mpala for his helpful suggestions, invaluable advice and overall guidance that has helped me to produce this work. Secondly, I thank those key individuals whose support and involvement in this research was instrumental. Thanks to Fr. John Slinger, MAfr (Curate, Tandale – Dare salaam, Tanzania), Fr. Martin Onyango, MAfr (Parish Priest, Our Lady Queen of Peace, South B) and Fr. Roger Tessier, MAfr (Nairobi, South C Community). Thirdly, I would like to thank the community of the Missionaries of Africa Formation House, Nairobi for their support and understanding rendered to me during my Theological Studies in Tangaza University College and especially during the time I was writing this thesis. Finally, I am grateful to you all who, in one way or another, contributed to the success of this work. Thank you and God bless you all. iv CONTENTS STUDENT’S DECLARATION .............................................................................................. i DEDICATION ........................................................................................................................ ii EPIGRAPH ............................................................................................................................ iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................... iv ABBREVIATIONS .............................................................................................................. vii GENERAL INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER ONE ..................................................................................................................... 4 A BRIEF HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF THE EVANGELIZATION OF KENYA........... 4 1.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 4 1.1 Brief Geographical Background of Nairobi City .......................................................... 4 1.2 Nairobi Before the arrival of the Missionaries: The Social, Political, Cultural and Religious life of the People ........................................................................................... 5 1.3 Archdiocese of Nairobi ................................................................................................. 5 1.4 Early Efforts of Evangelization of Kenya ..................................................................... 6 1.5 Portuguese at the Kenyan Coast 1500 – 1700 AD ........................................................ 7 1.6 Augustinian Missionaries/ Friars ................................................................................ 10 1.7 Holy Ghost Fathers (Spiritans) ................................................................................... 11 1.8 Consolata Missionaries ............................................................................................... 13 1.9 Mill Hill Missionaries ................................................................................................. 15 CHAPTER TWO .................................................................................................................. 17 THE COMING OF THE WHITE FATHERS ...................................................................... 17 2.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 17 2.1 Cardinal Charles Lavigerie ......................................................................................... 19 2.2 Cardinal Lavigerie’s Dream for Africa ....................................................................... 23 2.3 The Founding of the Society of White Fathers ........................................................... 25 2.4 The White Fathers arrive in Kenya ............................................................................. 28 2.5 What prompted the coming of the White Fathers to Kenya? ...................................... 28 2.6 White Fathers begin Parish-based Pastoral Assignments in Kenya ............................ 30 CHAPTER THREE .............................................................................................................. 31 PASTORAL ACTIVITIES AND APPROACHES OF THE WHITE FATHERS IN KENYA .............................................................................................................................................. 31 3.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 31 3.1 Pastoral Activities and Approaches used by the White Fathers in Kenya .................. 32 3.2 Pastoral ........................................................................................................................ 33 3.2.1 Parish Ministry ..................................................................................................... 33 a) St. Teresa’s Eastleigh (STE) .............................................................................. 33 b) Our Lady Queen of Peace (OLQP), South B. .................................................... 34 i) Living Community Life ................................................................................. 34 ii) Preaching about Christ .................................................................................. 35 iii) Emphasis on Sacramental Life .................................................................... 35 iv) Catechetical Instruction ............................................................................... 36 v) Personal Contact through daily visits to the villages .................................... 37 vi) Creation of Small Christian Communities (SCCs) ...................................... 38 vii) Youth Ministry ............................................................................................ 39 viii) Establishment of Lay Groups .................................................................... 39 ix) Training and Formation of Catechists .......................................................... 40 v x) Establishment of Parish Social office ........................................................... 40 xi) Establishment of Outreach Programmes ...................................................... 41 xii) Establishment of a Health Centre ............................................................... 41 xiii) Pastoral Care to Students ........................................................................... 41 xiv) Establishing of Skills Training Centres ..................................................... 41 xv) Establishment of Parish Library .................................................................. 42 xvi) Learning of the local language ................................................................... 42 3.2.2 Pastoral Care of the Students ............................................................................... 43 a) University of Nairobi (UoN) .............................................................................. 43 b) Other Institutions of Learning ........................................................................... 43 3.3.3 Prison Ministry and KEFABIS (Kenya Ex-Prisoners Fighting for Acceptance Back to the Society) ............................................................................................ 44 3.3.4 Hospital Apostolate .............................................................................................