DOCSLIB.ORG

Cestoda Known As 'Tapeworms'

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cestoda Known As 'Tapeworms' Cestoda known as ‘Tapeworms’ MLS 602: General and Medical Microbiology Lecture: 12 Edwina Razak [email protected] Learning Objectives • Describe the general characteristics of cestodes. • Identify different genus and species in the Class Cestoda which causes human infection. • Discuss morphology, mode of transmission and life cycle. • Outline the laboratory diagnosis and treatment. Introduction • Inhabit small intestine • Found worldwide and higher rates of illness have been seen in people in Latin America, Eastern Europe, sub-Saharan Africa, India, and Asia. • Cestodes: Digestive system is absent • Well developed muscular, excretory and nervous system. • hermaphrodites (monoecious) and every mature segment contains both male and female sex organs. • embryo inside the egg is called the oncosphere (‘hooked ball’). Structural characteristics Worms have long, flat bodies consisting of three parts: head, neck and trunk. • Head region called the scolex, contains hooks or sucker-like devices. Function of scolex: enables the worm to hold fast to infected tissue. Neck region is referred as region of growth where segments of the body are regenerated. • The trunk (called strobila) is composed of a chain of proglottides or segments. • Gravid proglottides contains testes and ovaries. Is the site where eggs spread . • Rostellum is small button-like structure on the scolex of “armed” tapeworms from which the hooks protrude. It may be retractable. Structural Characteristics • 1.Scolex or head. • 2. Neck, leading to the region of growth below, showing immature segments. • 3. Mature segments • 4. Gravid segments filled with eggs Medically important tapeworms are classified into the following: ORDER: Pseudophyllidean ORDER: Cyclophyllidean tapeworms tapeworms 1. Genus Taenia 1. Diphyllobothrium latum, the a. T. saginata, the beef tapeworm. fish tapeworm Adult worm in human intestine Adult worm in human intestine b. T. solium, the pork tapeworm. Adult worm in human intestine. 2. Sparganum mansoni, S. Larval form also can cause disease in man proliferum (cysticercus cellulosae) • Larval stages in tissues, causing 2. Genus Echinococcus Sparganosis. a. E. granulosus the dog tapeworm. Larval form causes hydatid disease in man. b. E. multilocularis Larval stage causes alveolar or multilocular hydatid disease. Medically important tapeworms are classified into the following: 3. Genus Hymenolepis 4. Genus Dipylidium a. H. nana, the dwarf tapeworm. D. caninum, the double-pored dog Adult and larval stages in human tapeworm. Adult rarely in human intestine. intestine. b. H. diminuta, the rat tapeworm. 5. Genus Multiceps Adult worm rarely in human M. multiceps and other species. intestine. Larval stage may cause coenurosis in man. DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM LATUM • Fish Tapeworm disease • Longest human parasite some measuring 60 feet in length. • Two intermediate hosts: 1. Shrimplike crustaceans called copepod 2. Fish • Scolex is spatulate or spoon- shaped DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM LATUM DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM LATUM Pathogenesis Laboratory Diagnosis • Most infections are asymptomatic. • Eggs in stool: Single shell with operculum at one end and a knob on the other. • Rarely, it causes severe cramping, abdominal Treatment: • pain, vomiting, weakness and weight Niclosamide loss. Praziquantel • Pernicious anemia can also result Prevention due to interference of vitamin B12 Prohibiting the disposal of untreated absorption in jejunum. sewage into fresh water /lakes. Personal protection: cooking of all fresh water fish. SPARGANOSIS • infection by sparganum (plerocercoid larva) • ingestion of cyclops containing procercoid larva, uncooked meat or application of raw flesh of infected animal on skin or mucosa. • Two species are : Spirometra mansoni and S. proliferum. • Diagnosis is only after surgical removal of the worm. Found in subcutaneous tissue, peritoneum, abdominal viscera and brain. Taenia species • The cestodes Taenia saginata (beef • Taenia solium taeniasis is less tapeworm), T. solium (pork tapeworm) and T. frequently symptomatic than Taenia asiatica (Asian tapeworm). saginata . The main symptom is often • Taenia solium can also cause cysticercosis. the passage (passive) of proglottids. • Taenia saginata and T. solium are worldwide • Taenia saginata taeniasis produces in distribution. Taenia solium is more prevalent in poorer communities where only mild abdominal symptoms. The humans live in close contact with pigs and eat most striking feature consists of the undercooked pork. passage (active and passive) of • Taenia asiatica is limited to Asia and is seen proglottids. Occasionally, appendicitis mostly in the Republic of Korea, China, or cholangitis can result from Taiwan, Indonesia, and Thailand. migrating proglottids. Life Cycle Disease • Cysticercosis is the disease • Taeniasis, which is an intestinal associated with the development infection with the adult tapeworm. of the larval form (cysticercus) of Humans acquire intestinal the pork tapeworm, Taenia infections with T. solium after solium, within an intermediate eating undercooked pork host. The usual definitive host, can containing cysticerci. serve as accidental intermediate • Cysts evaginate and attach to the hosts following ingestion of small intestine by their scolices. infectious eggs. Adult tapeworms develop to • Note that cysticercosis is only maturity and may reside in the acquired from the fecal-oral route small intestine for years (ingestion of eggs), not via the ingestion of cysticerci in undercooked pork. Clinical Presentation • Cysts, called cysticerci, can develop Cysts in the brain or spinal cord: in the muscles, the eyes, the brain, and/or the spinal cord. Symptoms • Cause the most serious form of the caused by the cysts depend on the disease, called neurocysticercosis location, size, number, and stage of • May cause no symptoms the cysts. • May cause seizures and/or Cysts in the muscles: headaches (these are more • Generally do not cause symptoms common) • May also cause confusion, difficulty • May cause lumps under the skin, with balance, brain swelling, and which can sometimes become excess fluid around the brain (these tender are less common) • May cause stroke or death Laboratory Diagnosis • Recovery of the gravid segments or the eggs from the stool . • formol-ether sedimentation method . • Eosinophilia usually occurs during the early stage of cysticercosis • indirect haemagglutination test Scolex of T.soilum and T.saginata • T.solium • T.saginata Treatment and Control Treatment: Niclosamide and Mebendazole Prevention • People who have tapeworm infections can infect themselves with the eggs and develop cysticercosis (this is called autoinfection). They can also infect other people if they have poor hygiene and contaminate food or water that other people swallow. Thus these two measures can be taken to prevent spread of infection: • Through cooking of meat (above 57°C) • Proper disposal of human excrete. Other Tapeworm diseases ECHINOCOCCUS GRANULOSUS Morphology • the dog tapeworm, humans and • adult worm measures 3-6 mm in sheep are intermediate hosts length (up to 1 cm) • Definitive hosts are canines e.g. • has scolex, neck and strobilla (3 dogs, wolves, foxes and coyotes. proglottides) • Causes hydatid disease • scolex is pyriform, with 4 suckers • Found in temperate rather than and a prominent rostellum bearing tropical region two circular rows of hooklets. • Echinococcus multilocularis- • the terminal proglottid is longer alveolar or multilocular hydatid and wider than the rest of the disease and definitive hosts are worm and contains the branched rodents. uterus filled with eggs. Life cycle and pathogenecity • Oncosphere hatch in duodenum or • The cysts may be large, filled with small intestine into embryos clear fluid and contain (oncosphere) which: • Characteristic protoscolices ♦ Penetrate wall (immature forms of the head of the ♦ Enter portal veins parasite). • Migrate via portal blood supply to • These mature into developed organs: eg: lungs, liver, brain etc., scolices, which are infective for thus, causing extra -interstitial dogs. infections. • In these organs, larvae develop into hydatid cysts. Echinococcus granulosus Hydatid cyst Other Features Mode of human infection Clinical features • Ingestion of eggs by the following • Asymptomatic infection is ways: common, but in symptomatic i) Ingestion of water or vegetables patients polluted by infected dog feces. ♦ It may cause cough - with ii) Handling or caressing ,kissing hemoptysis in lung hydatid disease. infected dogs where the hairs are ♦ Hepatomegaly - with abdominal usually contaminated with eggs. pain and discomfort ♦ Pressure -from expanding cyst ♦ Rupture of cyst - severe allergic reaction - anaphylaxis. Diagnosis: X-ray or other body scans ♦ Demonstration of protoscolices in cyst after operation ♦ Serology Treatment: Surgery Albendazole Hymenolepis nana • Dwarf worm about 25mm Mode of infection long 1. Ingestion of egg with • Lives in small intestine contaminated raw vegetables. 2. Direct infection from a patient • Hymenolepis diminuta (rat 3. Auto infection: the eggs of H. nana tapeworm) are infective as soon as they are • scolex has 4 suckers and a passed with feces by the patient. retractile rostellum with a 4. If the hands of the patient are single row of hooklets contaminated by these eggs, she/he infects herself/himself again and again. Pathogenicity • Light infections produce no symptoms. In fairly heavy infections, children may show lack of appetite, abdominal pain and diarrhoea. H.diminuta differs from H. nana in that: ♦ The adult worm measures about 10-60 cm ♦ The rosetellum on the head has no hooks ♦ In the mature segment, there are two testes at one side and another testis on the other side. Summary • Cestodes are third class of tapeworms in the phylum Platyhelminthes • Long flat bodies , head region and ribbon like series of segments. • Scolex- attachment to the infected tissue • Proglottids- contains reproductive organs and is filled with fertilized eggs. • No digestive system but absorbs food from the host intestine..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Taeniasis, a Neglegted Tropical Disease in Sumatra Utara Province, Indonesia
    Taeniasis, a Neglegted Tropical Disease in Sumatra Utara Province, Indonesia Umar Zein* and Indra Janis Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara Keywords: Taeniasis, Simalungun Regency, Neglegted Tropical Disease Abstract: Taeniasis is humans and animals infection due to Taenia or tapeworm specieses. The infection that occurs in humans because ingestion of meat and visceral organs that containing cysts as infective stage (Cystecercus larvae). The cause of taeniasis in humans are Taenia solium, Taenia saginata and Taenia asiatica. Taeniasis is one of the neglected diseases and is an unsolved problem in the world because it corelates with human behavior and lifestyle. Material and Methode: The survey was conducted from September 2017 until November 2017 ini Nagori Dolok, Village, Silau Kahaean Sub-district, Simalungun Regency, Sumatra Utara Proince, Indonesia We met some of the people who had been Taeniasis patients and conveyed the purpose of the team's arrival. From 180 patients we suspect as Taenia carriers by clinical signs and physical examination and microscopic examination of eggs and proglottid worm that passing with feces or by anal swab. Result: From 180 suspected taenia carriers, we confirmed 171 patients diagnosed as Taeniasis and we treated by Praziquantel Tablet single dose and laxative. All of patients passing proglottids (segment of the worms), taenia eggs and proglottids strands. The longest proglottids strands that we found were 10.5 meters. Conclusion: Taeniasis (Tapeworm infection) is still widely found in the district Simalungun Regency which is negleted tropical disease that needs to get the attention of the Indonesia government through the Health Office of Regency and Province.
    [Show full text]
  • Clinical Cysticercosis: Diagnosis and Treatment 11 2
    WHO/FAO/OIE Guidelines for the surveillance, prevention and control of taeniosis/cysticercosis Editor: K.D. Murrell Associate Editors: P. Dorny A. Flisser S. Geerts N.C. Kyvsgaard D.P. McManus T.E. Nash Z.S. Pawlowski • Etiology • Taeniosis in humans • Cysticercosis in animals and humans • Biology and systematics • Epidemiology and geographical distribution • Diagnosis and treatment in humans • Detection in cattle and swine • Surveillance • Prevention • Control • Methods All OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health) publications are protected by international copyright law. Extracts may be copied, reproduced, translated, adapted or published in journals, documents, books, electronic media and any other medium destined for the public, for information, educational or commercial purposes, provided prior written permission has been granted by the OIE. The designations and denominations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the OIE concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers and boundaries. The views expressed in signed articles are solely the responsibility of the authors. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by the OIE in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. –––––––––– The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the World Health Organization or the World Organisation for Animal Health concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • Helminth Parasites (Trematoda, Cestoda, Nematoda, Acanthocephala) of Herpetofauna from Southeastern Oklahoma: New Host and Geographic Records
    125 Helminth Parasites (Trematoda, Cestoda, Nematoda, Acanthocephala) of Herpetofauna from Southeastern Oklahoma: New Host and Geographic Records Chris T. McAllister Science and Mathematics Division, Eastern Oklahoma State College, Idabel, OK 74745 Charles R. Bursey Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University-Shenango, Sharon, PA 16146 Matthew B. Connior Life Sciences, Northwest Arkansas Community College, Bentonville, AR 72712 Abstract: Between May 2013 and September 2015, two amphibian and eight reptilian species/ subspecies were collected from Atoka (n = 1) and McCurtain (n = 31) counties, Oklahoma, and examined for helminth parasites. Twelve helminths, including a monogenean, six digeneans, a cestode, three nematodes and two acanthocephalans was found to be infecting these hosts. We document nine new host and three new distributional records for these helminths. Although we provide new records, additional surveys are needed for some of the 257 species of amphibians and reptiles of the state, particularly those in the western and panhandle regions who remain to be examined for helminths. ©2015 Oklahoma Academy of Science Introduction Methods In the last two decades, several papers from Between May 2013 and September 2015, our laboratories have appeared in the literature 11 Sequoyah slimy salamander (Plethodon that has helped increase our knowledge of sequoyah), nine Blanchard’s cricket frog the helminth parasites of Oklahoma’s diverse (Acris blanchardii), two eastern cooter herpetofauna (McAllister and Bursey 2004, (Pseudemys concinna concinna), two common 2007, 2012; McAllister et al. 1995, 2002, snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina), two 2005, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2014a, b, c; Bonett Mississippi mud turtle (Kinosternon subrubrum et al. 2011). However, there still remains a hippocrepis), two western cottonmouth lack of information on helminths of some of (Agkistrodon piscivorus leucostoma), one the 257 species of amphibians and reptiles southern black racer (Coluber constrictor of the state (Sievert and Sievert 2011).
    [Show full text]
  • Identity of Diphyllobothrium Spp. (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) from Sea Lions and People Along the Pacific Coast of South America
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of 4-2010 Identity of Diphyllobothrium spp. (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) from Sea Lions and People along the Pacific Coast of South America Robert L. Rausch University of Washington, [email protected] Ann M. Adams United States Food and Drug Administration Leo Margolis Fisheries Research Board of Canada Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs Part of the Parasitology Commons Rausch, Robert L.; Adams, Ann M.; and Margolis, Leo, "Identity of Diphyllobothrium spp. (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) from Sea Lions and People along the Pacific Coast of South America" (2010). Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology. 498. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs/498 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. J. Parasitol., 96(2), 2010, pp. 359–365 F American Society of Parasitologists 2010 IDENTITY OF DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM SPP. (CESTODA: DIPHYLLOBOTHRIIDAE) FROM SEA LIONS AND PEOPLE ALONG THE PACIFIC COAST OF SOUTH AMERICA Robert L. Rausch, Ann M. Adams*, and Leo MargolisÀ Department of Comparative Medicine and Department of Pathobiology, Box 357190, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7190. e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Host specificity evidently is not expressed by various species of Diphyllobothrium that occur typically in marine mammals, and people become infected occasionally when dietary customs favor ingestion of plerocercoids.
    [Show full text]
  • A Survey of Helminth Parasites of Chiropterans from Indiana
    Proc. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. 55(2), 1988, pp. 270-274 A Survey of Helminth Parasites of Chiropterans from Indiana DAVID H. PISTOLE ' Life Sciences Department, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana 47809 ABSTRACT: From 1980 to 1982, 888 bats representing 9 host species were collected from Indiana and examined for helminth parasites. Sixty-three percent of the bats were infected with 1 or more species of parasite. Six nematode species, 4 cestode species, and 20 digenean species were recovered. Paralecithodendrium transversum and Ochoterenatrema diminutum were the most commonly occurring parasite species, being found in high intensities or prevalence in the most bat species. This is the first survey of chiropteran helminths in Indiana. KEY WORDS: Nematoda, Cestoda, Trematoda, Chiropterans, bats, survey, new host records. Chiropteran helminths have been recorded mounts. The use of prevalence, mean intensity, and from the early 19th century to the present. Prior range of intensity follows the definitions of Margolis to 1930, only 5 species of chiropteran helminths et al. (1982). Representative specimens are deposited in the USNM Helminthological Collection, USDA, had been reported from the United States: Acan- Beltsville, Maryland 20705 (Nos. 80046-80122). thatnum nycteridis from Lasiurus borealis (red bat) (Faust, 1919); Distoma sp. from L. cincrcus Results and Discussion (hoary bat) (Stiles and Hassall, 1894); and Le- A total of 888 bats, representing 9 species, was dthodendrium anticum, L. posticum, and Pla- collected and examined. Helminths were found giorchis vespertilionis from Myotis leibii (small- only in the stomach and the small and large in- footed Myotis) (Stafford, 1905). Reports since testines. Of the total bats, 63% (559) were in- that time concerning helminth faunas of bats fected with 1 or more helminths.
    [Show full text]
  • Occurrence and Spatial Distribution of Dibothriocephalus Latus (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidea) in Lake Iseo (Northern Italy): an Update
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Article Occurrence and Spatial Distribution of Dibothriocephalus Latus (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidea) in Lake Iseo (Northern Italy): An Update Vasco Menconi 1 , Paolo Pastorino 1,2,* , Ivana Momo 3, Davide Mugetti 1, Maria Cristina Bona 1, Sara Levetti 1, Mattia Tomasoni 1, Elisabetta Pizzul 2 , Giuseppe Ru 1 , Alessandro Dondo 1 and Marino Prearo 1 1 The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy; [email protected] (V.M.); [email protected] (D.M.); [email protected] (M.C.B.); [email protected] (S.L.); [email protected] (M.T.); [email protected] (G.R.); [email protected] (A.D.); [email protected] (M.P.) 2 Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; [email protected] 3 Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +390112686251 Received: 11 June 2020; Accepted: 12 July 2020; Published: 14 July 2020 Abstract: Dibothriocephalus latus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidea; syn. Diphyllobothrium latum), is a fish-borne zoonotic parasite responsible for diphyllobothriasis in humans. Although D. latus has long been studied, many aspects of its epidemiology and distribution remain unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, mean intensity of infestation, and mean abundance of plerocercoid larvae of D. latus in European perch (Perca fluviatilis) and its spatial distribution in three commercial fishing areas in Lake Iseo (Northern Italy). A total of 598 specimens of P.
    [Show full text]
  • Cestoidea Subclass Cestoda
    CLASS CESTOIDEA SUBCLASS CESTODA Characters: *Flattened dorsoventrally *Ribbon­like (Tapeworms). *Has no body cavity. *Alimentary canal absent. *Segmented into scolex, neck and strobila. Scolex ( head ): carry organs of fixation in the form of suckers or grooves (bothria). The scolex may carry a terminal sometimes ret ractile protuberance called the rostellum. The rostellum is usually armed with hooks. Neck : actively dividing part forming the strobila . Strobila ( segments or proglottids ): a c hain of progressively develop ing segments. The anterior most segments in which the reproduc tive organs are not fully developed are called immature segments . These gradually merge into mature segments in which the organs are fully developed and functioning , and these in turn into gravid segments having a uterus full of eggs . * Excretory system : Flame cells and collecting tubules drain into ventral and dorsal longitudinal excretory canals extending along the lateral margins of the proglottids and discharge at the posterior end. * Genital system: Cestodes are hermaphrodites . Each mature segment contains male and female genital systems. Cross as well as auto­ copulation takes place. Male organs develop before female ones. Man may be infected with the adult tapeworms (Definitive host) or their larval stages (Intermediate host): Human infection with adult cestodes (Intestinal cestodes): Diphyllobothvium latum Taenia saginata Taenia soliwn Hymenolepis nana Hymenolepis diminuta Dipylidium oaninum Human infection with larval cestodes (Extraintestinal cestodes): Sparganosis. Cysticercosis. Hydatid disease. Coenurosis. INTESTINAL CESTODES DIPHYLOBOTHRIUM LATUM (Broad tapeworm, Pish tapeworm) Disese: Diphyllobothriasis Distribution : Lake regions in Europe , Baltic countries , some foci in America and Russia. Morphology : Adult: Size : 3­10 m. Scolex: elongated almond­shaped (about 2.5x1 mm) with 2 elongated dorsal and ventral grooves (bothria).
    [Show full text]
  • Trematoda, Cestoda An-D Acanthocephatja
    TREMATODA, CESTODA AN-D ACANTHOCEPHATJA BY STEPHEN PRUDHOE (London) Distribue Ie 31 mars 1951. Vol. III. rase. 2. TREMATODA, CESTODA AND ACANTHOCEPHALA The present report deals with a small consignment of parasitic worms belonging to these three groups obtained during the hydrobiological survey of Lake Tanganyika, 1946-1947. Dr. V. VAN STTIAELEN, President du Comite de Coordination pour les Recherches hydrobiologiques au lac Tanganika, has kindly entrusted the writer with the determination of this material. Thoug'h small, the collection is of much interest, including as it does one species of Trematoda which appears to be new to science, and five species of Cestoda, Olle of which has been hitherto little known morphologically. Moreover, further light is thrown on the distribution of a recently-described Acanthocephalan in East Africa. TREMATODA. FAMILY ACANTHOSTOMATIDJE. Cladocystis tanganyikre n. sp. (Fig. 1.) Two specimens of the form here described were found amongst the « residus de fixations des POiSSOIlS ». The fishes were taken in a small bay south of Cape Tembwe (Stn. 68), 15-16.f.1947, and apparently included Lampl'ichthys tangani­ canus and several species of CICllLID.E. Unfortunately, it is not yet possible to state which of the fishes collected is the definitive host. The body is flattened and somewhat pyriform in outline, each specimen having the unusual shape shown in figure 1. It is 2.5 mm in length and 1 mm in maximum width. The cuticle is thin and provided with rows of extremely small spines, which are very closely set anteriorly. These spines gradually increase in size and diminish in number towards the posterior end of the body, and finally disappear in the region of the ovary.
    [Show full text]
  • Severe Coenurosis Caused by Larvae of Taenia Serialis in an Olive Baboon (Papio Anubis) in Benin T
    IJP: Parasites and Wildlife 9 (2019) 134–138 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect IJP: Parasites and Wildlife journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ijppaw Severe coenurosis caused by larvae of Taenia serialis in an olive baboon (Papio anubis) in Benin T ∗ E. Chanoveb, , A.M. Ionicăa, D. Hochmanc, F. Berchtolda, C.M. Ghermana, A.D. Mihalcaa a Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, 400372, Romania b Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, 400372, Romania c Veterinary Clinic “du clos”, 67 rue de la chapelle, Saint-Cergues, 74140, France ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: In March 2017, a captive male juvenile (ca. 6 months old) olive baboon (Papio anubis) was brought to a primate Olive baboon rescue center in Benin with multiple subcutaneous swellings of unknown aetiology. At the general inspection of Intermediate host the body, around 15 partially mobile masses of variable sizes were found in different locations across the body. Taenia serialis Following two surgical procedures, several cyst-like structures were removed and placed either in 10% formalin Coenurus or in absolute ethanol. The cysts had a typical coenurus-like morphology. Genomic DNA was extracted from one cyst using a commercially available kit. The molecular characterization was performed by PCR amplification and sequencing of a region of the nuclear ITS-2 rDNA and a fragment of the mitochondrial 12S rDNA gene, revealing its identity as T. serialis, with 88%–98% similarity to T.
    [Show full text]
  • Praziquantel Treatment in Trematode and Cestode Infections: an Update
    Review Article Infection & http://dx.doi.org/10.3947/ic.2013.45.1.32 Infect Chemother 2013;45(1):32-43 Chemotherapy pISSN 2093-2340 · eISSN 2092-6448 Praziquantel Treatment in Trematode and Cestode Infections: An Update Jong-Yil Chai Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Status and emerging issues in the use of praziquantel for treatment of human trematode and cestode infections are briefly reviewed. Since praziquantel was first introduced as a broadspectrum anthelmintic in 1975, innumerable articles describ- ing its successful use in the treatment of the majority of human-infecting trematodes and cestodes have been published. The target trematode and cestode diseases include schistosomiasis, clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis, paragonimiasis, het- erophyidiasis, echinostomiasis, fasciolopsiasis, neodiplostomiasis, gymnophalloidiasis, taeniases, diphyllobothriasis, hyme- nolepiasis, and cysticercosis. However, Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica infections are refractory to praziquantel, for which triclabendazole, an alternative drug, is necessary. In addition, larval cestode infections, particularly hydatid disease and sparganosis, are not successfully treated by praziquantel. The precise mechanism of action of praziquantel is still poorly understood. There are also emerging problems with praziquantel treatment, which include the appearance of drug resis- tance in the treatment of Schistosoma mansoni and possibly Schistosoma japonicum, along with allergic or hypersensitivity
    [Show full text]
  • Helminths of American Robins, Turdus Migratorius, and House Sparrows, Passer Domesticus
    Helminths of American Robins, Turdus migratorius, and House Sparrows, Passer domesticus (Order: Passeriformes), from Suburban Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A Author(s): Gabriel L. Hamer and Patrick M. Muzzall Source: Comparative Parasitology, 80(2):287-291. 2013. Published By: The Helminthological Society of Washington DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1654/4611.1 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1654/4611.1 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/ terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Comp. Parasitol. 80(2), 2013, pp. 287–291 Research Note Helminths of American Robins, Turdus migratorius, and House Sparrows, Passer domesticus (Order: Passeriformes), from Suburban Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A. 1,3 2,4 GABRIEL L. HAMER AND PATRICK M. MUZZALL 1 Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, U.S.A. (e-mail: [email protected]) and 2 Department of Zoology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, U.S.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Review on the Biology of Fasciola Parasites and the Epidemiology on Small Ruminants
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE): E-Journals Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online) Vol.6, No.17, 2016 Review on the Biology of Fasciola Parasites and the Epidemiology on Small Ruminants Mihretu Ayele* Adem Hiko College of Veterinary Medicine, Haramaya University, P. O. Box 138 Dire dawa, Ethiopia Summary Small ruminant fasciolosis is a serious problem in animal production in different areas of the world especially in Ethiopia. It is a wide spread trematodal disease affecting small ruminants (sheep and goats) and also other species of animals. Fasciola hepatica and Faciola gigantica are the parasitic species belonging to Genus Fasciola under the phylum platyhelminths. Fasciola hepatica was shown to be the most important fluke species in Ethiopian livestock and it requires snail of the genus Lymnae for the completion of its life cycle and its biological features; mainly its external body structures such as the teguments and spines besides the enzymes it secrets for exsheathment are responsible for its pathogenicity. Fasciola gigantica which is tropical species can exist up to 2600m of elevation although an effective transmission cycle in a single year can only be maintained at elevation below 1700m. Availability of suitable ecology for snail; temperature, moisture and pH are factors influencing the agent and its epidemiology. The course of the disease runs from chronic long lasting to acute rapidly fatal. These give rise to application of different diagnostic methods including fecal egg examination, post-mortem examination, immunological assessment and serological liver enzyme analysis.
    [Show full text]