DOCSLIB.ORG

A Survey of Helminth Parasites of Chiropterans from Indiana

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Survey of Helminth Parasites of Chiropterans from Indiana Proc. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. 55(2), 1988, pp. 270-274 A Survey of Helminth Parasites of Chiropterans from Indiana DAVID H. PISTOLE ' Life Sciences Department, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana 47809 ABSTRACT: From 1980 to 1982, 888 bats representing 9 host species were collected from Indiana and examined for helminth parasites. Sixty-three percent of the bats were infected with 1 or more species of parasite. Six nematode species, 4 cestode species, and 20 digenean species were recovered. Paralecithodendrium transversum and Ochoterenatrema diminutum were the most commonly occurring parasite species, being found in high intensities or prevalence in the most bat species. This is the first survey of chiropteran helminths in Indiana. KEY WORDS: Nematoda, Cestoda, Trematoda, Chiropterans, bats, survey, new host records. Chiropteran helminths have been recorded mounts. The use of prevalence, mean intensity, and from the early 19th century to the present. Prior range of intensity follows the definitions of Margolis to 1930, only 5 species of chiropteran helminths et al. (1982). Representative specimens are deposited in the USNM Helminthological Collection, USDA, had been reported from the United States: Acan- Beltsville, Maryland 20705 (Nos. 80046-80122). thatnum nycteridis from Lasiurus borealis (red bat) (Faust, 1919); Distoma sp. from L. cincrcus Results and Discussion (hoary bat) (Stiles and Hassall, 1894); and Le- A total of 888 bats, representing 9 species, was dthodendrium anticum, L. posticum, and Pla- collected and examined. Helminths were found giorchis vespertilionis from Myotis leibii (small- only in the stomach and the small and large in- footed Myotis) (Stafford, 1905). Reports since testines. Of the total bats, 63% (559) were in- that time concerning helminth faunas of bats fected with 1 or more helminths. Nematodes and have primarily been species descriptions or new cestodes were found in 5 of the species and trem- host or locality records (e.g., Macy, 1931; Nickel atodes in all 9 (Table 1). The numbers of nema- and Hansen, 1967; Kunz, 1968; Lotz and Font, todes and cestodes were low, in most cases with 1983), although Lotz and Font (1985) have de- mean intensities of less than 10. However, trem- scribed the community structure of helminths in atodes were abundant, ranging from 1 to 753 per big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) in Wisconsin host (Table 1). The highest numbers occurred in and Minnesota. Prior to the present report, only the Indiana bat, the little brown bat (M. lucifu- 1 species of helminth had been reported from gus), and the silver-haired bat (Lasionycteris noc- any chiropteran host in Indiana. Seamster and tivagans), and the lowest in the evening bat (Nyc- Stevens (1948) described Paralecithodendrium ticeius humeralis) and the hoary bat, although macnabi from the big brown bat in northern In- sample sizes were small in these latter 2 species diana. The present study surveys the helminths (Table 1). Prevalence of trematodes was highest from 9 of the 12 species of bats that have been in the Indiana bat and the evening bat and lowest reported from Indiana. in the 2 species of Lasiurus (Table 1). There were Materials and Methods no significant differences of prevalence or mean intensities between male and females of any Bats were collected from November 1980 to Decem- species (P > 0.05 Mann Whitney t/-test [MWU] ber 1982 from 65 of the 92 counties (71%) of the state using mist nets, a shotgun, or taken by hand at roost and x2 > 0.05). sites. In addition, specimens of Myotis sodalis (Indiana New host records established for helminths bat) v/ere obtained from the Indiana State Board of from Indiana bats include: Hymenolepis lasio- Health, which had received them for rabies testing. nycteridis, Acanthatrium eptesici, A. microcan- Bats were killed and necropsied. The lungs, liver, gall bladder, heart, stomach, and intestines were examined thum, Paralecithodendrium chilostomum, and P. for helminths. Trematodes and cestodes were fixed in naviculum from the little brown bat; Rictularia AFA, stained in Semichon's acetocarmine, and mount- lucifugus and H. lasionycteridis from Keen's bat; ed in Permount. Nematodes were killed in 70% etha- R. lucifugus, H. lasionycteridis, A. eptesici, A. oli- nol, cleared in glycerol, and examined as temporary gacanthum, Glyptoporus noctophilus, and Pla- giorchis vespertilionis from the Indiana bat; A. 1 Present address: Biology Department, Indiana Uni- eptesici, A. microcanthum, Allassogonoporus versity of Pennsylvania, Indiana, Pennsylvania 15705. marginalia, and Ochoterenatrema diminutum 270 Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington 271 Table 1. Mean intensities and prevalence of helminths of 9 species of bats from Indiana. Host Host Trematoda Host Nematoda Host Cestoda num- num- num- num- ber ber Mean ber Mean ber Mean exam- infec- inten- infec- inten- infec- inten- Species ined ted Total sity P (%) ted Total sity P (%) ted Total sity P (%) Eptesicus fuscus 464 317 7,811 25.3 68 32 90 2.8 7 37 251 6.8 8 6 5 224 45.1 86 — — — — Lasionycteris noctivaga ns — — — — Lasiunis borealis 90 24 245 10.2 27 — — — — 5 8 1.6 6 18 3 9 3.0 17 — — — — — — — Lasiunis cinereus — Myotis keenii 30 26 424 16.7 87 1 3 3.0 3 3 3 1.0 10 Myotis lucifugus 191 128 5,802 45.5 67 19 60 3.2 10 8 16 2.0 4 Myotis sodalis 17 17 783 46.8 100 1 2 2.0 6 3 6 2.0 19 1 1 2 2.0 100 1 12 12.0 100 — — — Nycticeius humeralis — Pipistrellus subflavus 71 38 396 10.2 54 - - - _ - - - - from the eastern pipistrelle; Acanthatriurn ep- vespertilionis. In the little brown bat there were tesici, Limatulum gastroides, and P. vespertilion- 3: O. diminutum, A. eptesici, and Allassogono- is from the silver-haired bat; and A. eptesici and porus marginalis. The red bat and the eastern A. oligacanthum from the evening bat. pipistrelle (Pipistrellus subflavus) had 1 each: P. Urotrematulum attenuatum in the silver-haired transversum and Acanthatrium pipistrelli, re- bat was placed into synonymy with Urotrema spectively. The common species in Keen's bat scabridum by Caballero (1942). He examined (Myotis keenii) were Hymenolepis lasionycteri- specimens of U. scabridum, U. shillingeri, U. dis, O. diminutum, and P. transversum; O. di- minuta, U. lasiurensis, and Urotrematulum at- minutum and P. vespertilionis were considered tenuatum and discussed differences between U. common because of the small sample size. scabridum and the other Urotrema species. How- The mean intensity and prevalence of com- ever, he did not discuss specific differences be- mon helminth species varied between bat species tween U. scabridum and Urotrematulum atten- (Table 3). In the big brown bat the mean intensity uatum. The specimens I collected were similar of O. diminutum was significantly higher (P < to those described by Macy (1933). These sim- 0.05 MWU) than that of any other species, ilarities included the characteristics used to dif- whereas P. transversum was found more often ferentiate Urotrematulum from Urotrema: the (X2 < 0.05) (Table 3). In the little brown bat the lobed testes, the length between the acetabulum mean intensity and prevalence of O. diminutum and ovary, the length of the esophagus, and the was significantly higher (P < 0.05 MWU and narrowed anterior region of the body. I did not X2 < 0.01) than that of A. eptesici and A. mar- see any differences as Macy did in the size and ginalis (Table 3). A similar result was noted for development of the seminal receptacle. Based P. transversum in Keen's bat, the Indiana bat, upon these similarities and the lack of any dis- and the red bat and for A pipistrelli in. the eastern cussion by Caballero (1942) on the noted differ- ences I do not agree with this synonymy and have Table 2. Mean number (±SE) of helminth species used the original name (Macy, 1933). infecting 9 species of bats from Indiana. The number of helminth species in individual bats ranged from 1 to 7 (Table 2). The number Mean of species of helminths found in each bat species num- ranged from 1 in the hoary bat to 17 in the big Host ber SE Range brown bat (Table 3). The common species of Eptesicus fuscus 1.7 1.0 1-7 helminths (those found in at least 10% of the Lasionycteris noctivagans 2.2 0.8 2-3 bats) generally varied between bat species (only Lasiunis borealis 1.2 0.4 1-2 those bat species with samples of at least 10 in- Lasiunis cinereus 1.0 0.0 1 Myotis keenii 1.3 0.5 1-4 dividuals were considered) (Table 3). In the big Myotis lucifugus 1.8 1.1 1-7 brown bat there were 4: Paralecithodendrium Myotis sodalis 1.8 0.8 1-3 transversum, Ochoterenatrerna diminutum, Nycticeius humeralis 2.0 0.0 2 Acanthatriurn rnicrocanthum, and Plagiorchis Pipistrellus subflavus 1.3 0.5 1-3 Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington 272 PROCEEDINGS OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY Table 3. Summary of the helminths of 9 species of Indiana bats. Intensity Prevalence Parasite Host % Mean Range Nematoda Rictularioidea Rictularia lucifugus EF* 2.8 2.6 1-12 ML 8.4 2.0 l^t MKf 3.3 3.0 3 MSf 6.0 2.0 2 Trichostrongyloidea Allintoshius travassosi EF 1.0 2.3 1-3 NH 100.0 12.0 12 Trichuroidea Capillaria palmata EF 1.7 2.3 1-4 ML 2.6 2.8 1-5 Capillaria sp. ML 1.0 8.0 8 Platyhelminthes Cestoda Hymenolepis roudabitshi EF 5.2 8.5 1-34 ML 1.0 1.0 1 Hymenolepis christensoni EFf 1.7 2.5 1-5 ML 1.0 1.5 1-2 Hymenolepis lasionycteridis MKf 10.0 1.0 1 MLf 0.5 7.0 7 MSf 29.4 1.8 1-4 Cycloskrjabinia taborensis LB 7.8 1.6 1-3 Trematoda Lecithodendriidae Acanthatrium alicatai EF 0.2 11.0 1 Acanthatrium eptesici EF 2.2 2.5 1-6 LNf
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Helminth Parasites (Trematoda, Cestoda, Nematoda, Acanthocephala) of Herpetofauna from Southeastern Oklahoma: New Host and Geographic Records
    125 Helminth Parasites (Trematoda, Cestoda, Nematoda, Acanthocephala) of Herpetofauna from Southeastern Oklahoma: New Host and Geographic Records Chris T. McAllister Science and Mathematics Division, Eastern Oklahoma State College, Idabel, OK 74745 Charles R. Bursey Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University-Shenango, Sharon, PA 16146 Matthew B. Connior Life Sciences, Northwest Arkansas Community College, Bentonville, AR 72712 Abstract: Between May 2013 and September 2015, two amphibian and eight reptilian species/ subspecies were collected from Atoka (n = 1) and McCurtain (n = 31) counties, Oklahoma, and examined for helminth parasites. Twelve helminths, including a monogenean, six digeneans, a cestode, three nematodes and two acanthocephalans was found to be infecting these hosts. We document nine new host and three new distributional records for these helminths. Although we provide new records, additional surveys are needed for some of the 257 species of amphibians and reptiles of the state, particularly those in the western and panhandle regions who remain to be examined for helminths. ©2015 Oklahoma Academy of Science Introduction Methods In the last two decades, several papers from Between May 2013 and September 2015, our laboratories have appeared in the literature 11 Sequoyah slimy salamander (Plethodon that has helped increase our knowledge of sequoyah), nine Blanchard’s cricket frog the helminth parasites of Oklahoma’s diverse (Acris blanchardii), two eastern cooter herpetofauna (McAllister and Bursey 2004, (Pseudemys concinna concinna), two common 2007, 2012; McAllister et al. 1995, 2002, snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina), two 2005, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2014a, b, c; Bonett Mississippi mud turtle (Kinosternon subrubrum et al. 2011). However, there still remains a hippocrepis), two western cottonmouth lack of information on helminths of some of (Agkistrodon piscivorus leucostoma), one the 257 species of amphibians and reptiles southern black racer (Coluber constrictor of the state (Sievert and Sievert 2011).
    [Show full text]
  • Identity of Diphyllobothrium Spp. (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) from Sea Lions and People Along the Pacific Coast of South America
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of 4-2010 Identity of Diphyllobothrium spp. (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) from Sea Lions and People along the Pacific Coast of South America Robert L. Rausch University of Washington, [email protected] Ann M. Adams United States Food and Drug Administration Leo Margolis Fisheries Research Board of Canada Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs Part of the Parasitology Commons Rausch, Robert L.; Adams, Ann M.; and Margolis, Leo, "Identity of Diphyllobothrium spp. (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) from Sea Lions and People along the Pacific Coast of South America" (2010). Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology. 498. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs/498 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. J. Parasitol., 96(2), 2010, pp. 359–365 F American Society of Parasitologists 2010 IDENTITY OF DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM SPP. (CESTODA: DIPHYLLOBOTHRIIDAE) FROM SEA LIONS AND PEOPLE ALONG THE PACIFIC COAST OF SOUTH AMERICA Robert L. Rausch, Ann M. Adams*, and Leo MargolisÀ Department of Comparative Medicine and Department of Pathobiology, Box 357190, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7190. e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Host specificity evidently is not expressed by various species of Diphyllobothrium that occur typically in marine mammals, and people become infected occasionally when dietary customs favor ingestion of plerocercoids.
    [Show full text]
  • Occurrence and Spatial Distribution of Dibothriocephalus Latus (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidea) in Lake Iseo (Northern Italy): an Update
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Article Occurrence and Spatial Distribution of Dibothriocephalus Latus (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidea) in Lake Iseo (Northern Italy): An Update Vasco Menconi 1 , Paolo Pastorino 1,2,* , Ivana Momo 3, Davide Mugetti 1, Maria Cristina Bona 1, Sara Levetti 1, Mattia Tomasoni 1, Elisabetta Pizzul 2 , Giuseppe Ru 1 , Alessandro Dondo 1 and Marino Prearo 1 1 The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy; [email protected] (V.M.); [email protected] (D.M.); [email protected] (M.C.B.); [email protected] (S.L.); [email protected] (M.T.); [email protected] (G.R.); [email protected] (A.D.); [email protected] (M.P.) 2 Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; [email protected] 3 Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +390112686251 Received: 11 June 2020; Accepted: 12 July 2020; Published: 14 July 2020 Abstract: Dibothriocephalus latus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidea; syn. Diphyllobothrium latum), is a fish-borne zoonotic parasite responsible for diphyllobothriasis in humans. Although D. latus has long been studied, many aspects of its epidemiology and distribution remain unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, mean intensity of infestation, and mean abundance of plerocercoid larvae of D. latus in European perch (Perca fluviatilis) and its spatial distribution in three commercial fishing areas in Lake Iseo (Northern Italy). A total of 598 specimens of P.
    [Show full text]
  • Cestoidea Subclass Cestoda
    CLASS CESTOIDEA SUBCLASS CESTODA Characters: *Flattened dorsoventrally *Ribbon­like (Tapeworms). *Has no body cavity. *Alimentary canal absent. *Segmented into scolex, neck and strobila. Scolex ( head ): carry organs of fixation in the form of suckers or grooves (bothria). The scolex may carry a terminal sometimes ret ractile protuberance called the rostellum. The rostellum is usually armed with hooks. Neck : actively dividing part forming the strobila . Strobila ( segments or proglottids ): a c hain of progressively develop ing segments. The anterior most segments in which the reproduc tive organs are not fully developed are called immature segments . These gradually merge into mature segments in which the organs are fully developed and functioning , and these in turn into gravid segments having a uterus full of eggs . * Excretory system : Flame cells and collecting tubules drain into ventral and dorsal longitudinal excretory canals extending along the lateral margins of the proglottids and discharge at the posterior end. * Genital system: Cestodes are hermaphrodites . Each mature segment contains male and female genital systems. Cross as well as auto­ copulation takes place. Male organs develop before female ones. Man may be infected with the adult tapeworms (Definitive host) or their larval stages (Intermediate host): Human infection with adult cestodes (Intestinal cestodes): Diphyllobothvium latum Taenia saginata Taenia soliwn Hymenolepis nana Hymenolepis diminuta Dipylidium oaninum Human infection with larval cestodes (Extraintestinal cestodes): Sparganosis. Cysticercosis. Hydatid disease. Coenurosis. INTESTINAL CESTODES DIPHYLOBOTHRIUM LATUM (Broad tapeworm, Pish tapeworm) Disese: Diphyllobothriasis Distribution : Lake regions in Europe , Baltic countries , some foci in America and Russia. Morphology : Adult: Size : 3­10 m. Scolex: elongated almond­shaped (about 2.5x1 mm) with 2 elongated dorsal and ventral grooves (bothria).
    [Show full text]
  • Trematoda, Cestoda An-D Acanthocephatja
    TREMATODA, CESTODA AN-D ACANTHOCEPHATJA BY STEPHEN PRUDHOE (London) Distribue Ie 31 mars 1951. Vol. III. rase. 2. TREMATODA, CESTODA AND ACANTHOCEPHALA The present report deals with a small consignment of parasitic worms belonging to these three groups obtained during the hydrobiological survey of Lake Tanganyika, 1946-1947. Dr. V. VAN STTIAELEN, President du Comite de Coordination pour les Recherches hydrobiologiques au lac Tanganika, has kindly entrusted the writer with the determination of this material. Thoug'h small, the collection is of much interest, including as it does one species of Trematoda which appears to be new to science, and five species of Cestoda, Olle of which has been hitherto little known morphologically. Moreover, further light is thrown on the distribution of a recently-described Acanthocephalan in East Africa. TREMATODA. FAMILY ACANTHOSTOMATIDJE. Cladocystis tanganyikre n. sp. (Fig. 1.) Two specimens of the form here described were found amongst the « residus de fixations des POiSSOIlS ». The fishes were taken in a small bay south of Cape Tembwe (Stn. 68), 15-16.f.1947, and apparently included Lampl'ichthys tangani­ canus and several species of CICllLID.E. Unfortunately, it is not yet possible to state which of the fishes collected is the definitive host. The body is flattened and somewhat pyriform in outline, each specimen having the unusual shape shown in figure 1. It is 2.5 mm in length and 1 mm in maximum width. The cuticle is thin and provided with rows of extremely small spines, which are very closely set anteriorly. These spines gradually increase in size and diminish in number towards the posterior end of the body, and finally disappear in the region of the ovary.
    [Show full text]
  • Cestoda Known As 'Tapeworms'
    Cestoda known as ‘Tapeworms’ MLS 602: General and Medical Microbiology Lecture: 12 Edwina Razak [email protected] Learning Objectives • Describe the general characteristics of cestodes. • Identify different genus and species in the Class Cestoda which causes human infection. • Discuss morphology, mode of transmission and life cycle. • Outline the laboratory diagnosis and treatment. Introduction • Inhabit small intestine • Found worldwide and higher rates of illness have been seen in people in Latin America, Eastern Europe, sub-Saharan Africa, India, and Asia. • Cestodes: Digestive system is absent • Well developed muscular, excretory and nervous system. • hermaphrodites (monoecious) and every mature segment contains both male and female sex organs. • embryo inside the egg is called the oncosphere (‘hooked ball’). Structural characteristics Worms have long, flat bodies consisting of three parts: head, neck and trunk. • Head region called the scolex, contains hooks or sucker-like devices. Function of scolex: enables the worm to hold fast to infected tissue. Neck region is referred as region of growth where segments of the body are regenerated. • The trunk (called strobila) is composed of a chain of proglottides or segments. • Gravid proglottides contains testes and ovaries. Is the site where eggs spread . • Rostellum is small button-like structure on the scolex of “armed” tapeworms from which the hooks protrude. It may be retractable. Structural Characteristics • 1.Scolex or head. • 2. Neck, leading to the region of growth below, showing immature segments. • 3. Mature segments • 4. Gravid segments filled with eggs Medically important tapeworms are classified into the following: ORDER: Pseudophyllidean ORDER: Cyclophyllidean tapeworms tapeworms 1. Genus Taenia 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Severe Coenurosis Caused by Larvae of Taenia Serialis in an Olive Baboon (Papio Anubis) in Benin T
    IJP: Parasites and Wildlife 9 (2019) 134–138 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect IJP: Parasites and Wildlife journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ijppaw Severe coenurosis caused by larvae of Taenia serialis in an olive baboon (Papio anubis) in Benin T ∗ E. Chanoveb, , A.M. Ionicăa, D. Hochmanc, F. Berchtolda, C.M. Ghermana, A.D. Mihalcaa a Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, 400372, Romania b Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, 400372, Romania c Veterinary Clinic “du clos”, 67 rue de la chapelle, Saint-Cergues, 74140, France ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: In March 2017, a captive male juvenile (ca. 6 months old) olive baboon (Papio anubis) was brought to a primate Olive baboon rescue center in Benin with multiple subcutaneous swellings of unknown aetiology. At the general inspection of Intermediate host the body, around 15 partially mobile masses of variable sizes were found in different locations across the body. Taenia serialis Following two surgical procedures, several cyst-like structures were removed and placed either in 10% formalin Coenurus or in absolute ethanol. The cysts had a typical coenurus-like morphology. Genomic DNA was extracted from one cyst using a commercially available kit. The molecular characterization was performed by PCR amplification and sequencing of a region of the nuclear ITS-2 rDNA and a fragment of the mitochondrial 12S rDNA gene, revealing its identity as T. serialis, with 88%–98% similarity to T.
    [Show full text]
  • Praziquantel Treatment in Trematode and Cestode Infections: an Update
    Review Article Infection & http://dx.doi.org/10.3947/ic.2013.45.1.32 Infect Chemother 2013;45(1):32-43 Chemotherapy pISSN 2093-2340 · eISSN 2092-6448 Praziquantel Treatment in Trematode and Cestode Infections: An Update Jong-Yil Chai Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Status and emerging issues in the use of praziquantel for treatment of human trematode and cestode infections are briefly reviewed. Since praziquantel was first introduced as a broadspectrum anthelmintic in 1975, innumerable articles describ- ing its successful use in the treatment of the majority of human-infecting trematodes and cestodes have been published. The target trematode and cestode diseases include schistosomiasis, clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis, paragonimiasis, het- erophyidiasis, echinostomiasis, fasciolopsiasis, neodiplostomiasis, gymnophalloidiasis, taeniases, diphyllobothriasis, hyme- nolepiasis, and cysticercosis. However, Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica infections are refractory to praziquantel, for which triclabendazole, an alternative drug, is necessary. In addition, larval cestode infections, particularly hydatid disease and sparganosis, are not successfully treated by praziquantel. The precise mechanism of action of praziquantel is still poorly understood. There are also emerging problems with praziquantel treatment, which include the appearance of drug resis- tance in the treatment of Schistosoma mansoni and possibly Schistosoma japonicum, along with allergic or hypersensitivity
    [Show full text]
  • Helminths of American Robins, Turdus Migratorius, and House Sparrows, Passer Domesticus
    Helminths of American Robins, Turdus migratorius, and House Sparrows, Passer domesticus (Order: Passeriformes), from Suburban Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A Author(s): Gabriel L. Hamer and Patrick M. Muzzall Source: Comparative Parasitology, 80(2):287-291. 2013. Published By: The Helminthological Society of Washington DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1654/4611.1 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1654/4611.1 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/ terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Comp. Parasitol. 80(2), 2013, pp. 287–291 Research Note Helminths of American Robins, Turdus migratorius, and House Sparrows, Passer domesticus (Order: Passeriformes), from Suburban Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A. 1,3 2,4 GABRIEL L. HAMER AND PATRICK M. MUZZALL 1 Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, U.S.A. (e-mail: [email protected]) and 2 Department of Zoology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, U.S.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Review on the Biology of Fasciola Parasites and the Epidemiology on Small Ruminants
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE): E-Journals Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online) Vol.6, No.17, 2016 Review on the Biology of Fasciola Parasites and the Epidemiology on Small Ruminants Mihretu Ayele* Adem Hiko College of Veterinary Medicine, Haramaya University, P. O. Box 138 Dire dawa, Ethiopia Summary Small ruminant fasciolosis is a serious problem in animal production in different areas of the world especially in Ethiopia. It is a wide spread trematodal disease affecting small ruminants (sheep and goats) and also other species of animals. Fasciola hepatica and Faciola gigantica are the parasitic species belonging to Genus Fasciola under the phylum platyhelminths. Fasciola hepatica was shown to be the most important fluke species in Ethiopian livestock and it requires snail of the genus Lymnae for the completion of its life cycle and its biological features; mainly its external body structures such as the teguments and spines besides the enzymes it secrets for exsheathment are responsible for its pathogenicity. Fasciola gigantica which is tropical species can exist up to 2600m of elevation although an effective transmission cycle in a single year can only be maintained at elevation below 1700m. Availability of suitable ecology for snail; temperature, moisture and pH are factors influencing the agent and its epidemiology. The course of the disease runs from chronic long lasting to acute rapidly fatal. These give rise to application of different diagnostic methods including fecal egg examination, post-mortem examination, immunological assessment and serological liver enzyme analysis.
    [Show full text]
  • Proteomic Insights Into the Biology of the Most Important Foodborne Parasites in Europe
    foods Review Proteomic Insights into the Biology of the Most Important Foodborne Parasites in Europe Robert Stryi ´nski 1,* , El˙zbietaŁopie ´nska-Biernat 1 and Mónica Carrera 2,* 1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; [email protected] 2 Department of Food Technology, Marine Research Institute (IIM), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 36-208 Vigo, Spain * Correspondence: [email protected] (R.S.); [email protected] (M.C.) Received: 18 August 2020; Accepted: 27 September 2020; Published: 3 October 2020 Abstract: Foodborne parasitoses compared with bacterial and viral-caused diseases seem to be neglected, and their unrecognition is a serious issue. Parasitic diseases transmitted by food are currently becoming more common. Constantly changing eating habits, new culinary trends, and easier access to food make foodborne parasites’ transmission effortless, and the increase in the diagnosis of foodborne parasitic diseases in noted worldwide. This work presents the applications of numerous proteomic methods into the studies on foodborne parasites and their possible use in targeted diagnostics. Potential directions for the future are also provided. Keywords: foodborne parasite; food; proteomics; biomarker; liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) 1. Introduction Foodborne parasites (FBPs) are becoming recognized as serious pathogens that are considered neglect in relation to bacteria and viruses that can be transmitted by food [1]. The mode of infection is usually by eating the host of the parasite as human food. Many of these organisms are spread through food products like uncooked fish and mollusks; raw meat; raw vegetables or fresh water plants contaminated with human or animal excrement.
    [Show full text]
  • Cestode Taenia Multiceps
    Detailed Transcriptome Description of the Neglected Cestode Taenia multiceps Xuhang Wu1, Yan Fu1, Deying Yang1, Runhui Zhang1, Wanpeng Zheng1, Huaming Nie1,YueXie1, Ning Yan1, Guiying Hao1, Xiaobin Gu1, Shuxian Wang1, Xuerong Peng2, Guangyou Yang1* 1 Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China, 2 Department of Chemistry, College of Life and Basic Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China Abstract Background: The larval stage of Taenia multiceps, a global cestode, encysts in the central nervous system (CNS) of sheep and other livestock. This frequently leads to their death and huge socioeconomic losses, especially in developing countries. This parasite can also cause zoonotic infections in humans, but has been largely neglected due to a lack of diagnostic techniques and studies. Recent developments in next-generation sequencing provide an opportunity to explore the transcriptome of T. multiceps. Methodology/Principal Findings: We obtained a total of 31,282 unigenes (mean length 920 bp) using Illumina paired-end sequencing technology and a new Trinity de novo assembler without a referenced genome. Individual transcription molecules were determined by sequence-based annotations and/or domain-based annotations against public databases (Nr, UniprotKB/Swiss-Prot, COG, KEGG, UniProtKB/TrEMBL, InterPro and Pfam). We identified 26,110 (83.47%) unigenes and inferred 20,896 (66.8%) coding sequences (CDS). Further comparative transcripts analysis with other cestodes (Taenia pisiformis, Taenia solium, Echincoccus granulosus and Echincoccus multilocularis) and intestinal parasites (Trichinella spiralis, Ancylostoma caninum and Ascaris suum) showed that 5,100 common genes were shared among three Taenia tapeworms, 261 conserved genes were detected among five Taeniidae cestodes, and 109 common genes were found in four zoonotic intestinal parasites.
    [Show full text]