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Hafiz Ibrahim'in Divanindaki Mersiyeler Ve Tercümeleri

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Hafiz Ibrahim'in Divanindaki Mersiyeler Ve Tercümeleri T.C. İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ TEMEL İSLAM BİLİMLERİ ANABİLİMDALI YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ HAFIZ İBRAHİM’İN DİVANINDAKİ MERSİYELER VE TERCÜMELERİ BİLAL ÇELİK 2501131048 TEZ DANIŞMANI DOÇ. DR. HATİCE ARSLAN SÖZÜDOĞRU İSTANBUL-2019 ÖZET HAFIZ İBRAHİM’İN DİVANINDAKİ MERSİYELER VE TERCÜMELERİ Bilal ÇELİK Bu araştırmamızda Mısırlı, Nil şairi lakaplı Hafız İbrahim’in hayatı, eserleri ve divanındaki mersiyeler araştırılmıştır. Hafız İbrahim modern Arap edebiyatında önemli bir yer tutan şairler arasında yer almaktadır. Halktan birisi olduğu için halkın sorunlarıyla ilgilendiğinden halk şairi olarak da anılmaktadır. Neo-klasik şairlerin önde gelen meşhur temsilcilerinden birisi sayılmaktadır. Araştırmamız bir giriş ve üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. Giriş bölümünde şairin doğduğu asırdaki edebi-kültürel duruma ve siyasi duruma yer verilirken birinci bölümde Hafız İbrahim’in hayatı ve edebi kişiliği incelenmiştir. İkinci bölümde yazarın edebi eserleri kısaca tanıtılmıştır. Üçüncü bölümde ise divanı tanıtıldıktan sonra tezimizin de konusu olan divandaki mersiyeler yedi gruba ayrılmış ve Türkçe tercümeleri yapılmıştır. Şiir beyitlerini numaralandırarak, mersiyelerin Arapçası Türkçe tercümelerinin yanında verilmiştir. Çalışmamızdaki amaç risa şairi olarak da bilinen Hafız İbrahim’in mersiyelerini araştırmak ve bu şekilde Modern Arap şiirinde mersiyeler hakkında genel bir bakış açısı vermektir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Nil Şairi, Hafız İbrahim, Mersiye, Hafız’ın Divanı, Modern Arap Şiiri. iii ABSTRACT THE ELEGİES İN THE DİWAN OF HAFIZ İBRAHİM AND THEİR TRANSLATİONS BİLAL ÇELİK İn this research, an egyptian poet nicknamed the poet of the Nile, the life of Hafız İbrahim, his Works and the elegies in the diwan was investigated. Moreover, Hafız İbrahim holds a very important place among the poets in Modern Arabic Literature. He lived with the sufferings of egyptian people, so that he was also known as a poet of the people. He was the top of the famous representative of neo- classic poets in Egypt. This research consists of an introduction and three consecutive chapters. Thus, the literary-cultural situation of the century when he was born in and its political situation were discussed in the introduction. The life of Hafız İbrahim and his literary personality were observed in the first chapter of the research. His literary Works were briefly introduced in the second chapter. In the third chapter, which is the main topic of the thesis, after the introduction of his Diwan all the elegies were divided into seven groups and their Turkish translations were made. By numbering the couplets of the poems, the arabic elegies were also given next to the Turkish translations. We aim in our study is to make research into the elegies of Hafız İbrahim,Who was known as the poet of the elegy, and it provides a general perspective about his elegies in Modern Arabic poetry. Key Words: The Poet of the Nile, Hafız İbrahim, Elegy, The Diwan of Hafız, Modern Arabic Poetry. iv ÖNSÖZ Mersiye türü, şiir türleri içerisinde hassas bir yere sahiptir. Çünkü mersiye yazarı mersiye yazdığı kişinin hayatını çok iyi bilmeli veya onunla beraber ortak yaşadığı bir hayat dilimi olması gerekmektedir. Hayatın farklı alanlarından birbirinden farklı insanlar hakkında mersiye yazabilmek için çok iyi bir kültüre sahip olmak gerekir. Nil şairi olarak bilinen Hafız İbrahim kendisi zor şartlar altında yaşadığından hüzünlü bir ruh haline sahipti. Bunun için duygularını mersiye türünde en güzel örneklerini vererek göstermiştir. Mısır halkının yaşadıkları sıkıntıları çok iyi bildiğinden halktan birisi olduğu için halk şairi olarak da bilinmektedir. Mısır halkı için ortak bir değere sahip olan halka mal olmuş kişiler hakkında yazdığı mersiyeler Mısır’ın içinde bulunduğu siyasi ve sosyal olaylarına ayna tutmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Hafız’ın mersiyelerini araştırmakla onun olaylar karşısındaki duruşunu, hissiyatını ve düşüncelerini görmekteyiz. Mersiyelerinde kullandığı dil açık olmasıyla beraber kafiye ve söz sanatları da bulunmaktadır. Kullandığı dilde eski Arap şairlerinin etkisi görülmektedir. Klasik Arap Edebiyatı şairlerinin diliyle yaşadığı asrın sorunlarını işlemiştir. Yani sanat için sanat yapan değil, halk için sanat yapan birisiydi. Kendi hissiyatını mersiyeleriyle okuyucuya çok güzel bir şekilde aktaran şair Hafız İbrahim’in kısaca hayatını ve edebi kişiliğini anlattık. Bu çalışmayla Modern Mısır Edebiyatında mersiyeler alanına bir katkımız olmasını amaçladık. Konu ile ilgili kaynaklar hocamın kütüphanesinden, başka kütüphanelerden ve internetten faydalanılarak bulunmuştur. Konu için araştırma yapılırken özelde şair Hafız İbrahim hakkında ve genelde de Modern Mısır Edebiyatı tarihi ile ilgili birçok eser okunmuş ve incelenmiştir. Edebiyat kavramlarına ise Türkçe Edebiyat lügatlarından, Arapça ve İngilizce sözlüklerden faydalanılmıştır. Divanın tanıtımı yapılırken 1935 yılında basılan Divan-u Hafız göz önünde bulundurulmuş ancak divandaki mersiyelerin tercümesi yapılırken 1991 yılında basılan Divan-u Hafız’dan istifade edilmiştir. Bu çalışma bir giriş ve üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde Hafız’ın hayatından önemli yerler ve edebi kişiliği kısaca ele alınmıştır. İkinci bölümde ise edebi eserleri tanıtılmıştır. Üçüncü bölümde ise divanı tanıtıldıktan sonra gruplanan mersiyelerin tercümesi yapılmıştır. Çalışmamızda elde ettiğimiz bilgiler ‘‘ Sonuç ’’ kısmında özetlenmiştir. v Yüksek lisans eğitimim aşamasındaki tüm saygıdeğer hocalarım ile konu seçiminden, eserin son noktaya gelmesine kadar çok değerli katkılarda bulunan değerli danışman hocam Doç. Dr. Hatice Arslan Sözüdoğru’ya, ayrıca manevi desteğini yanımda hissettiğim ailem ve eşim Sümeyye Çelik’e çalışmam sırasında bana yardımcı olan şair arkadaşım Ali Şabani’ye teşekkür etmeyi bir borç bilirim. Çalışmamızın edebiyat alanına mütevazı bir katkı sağlaması dileğiyle… BİLAL ÇELİK İstanbul 9 Haziran 2019 vi İÇİNDEKİLER ÖZET ....................................................................................................... III ABSTRACT ............................................................................................ İV ÖNSÖZ..... .……………………………………………………………...V İÇİNDEKİLER………………………………………………………..Vİİ II KISALTMALAR LİSTESİ..................................................................... XI GİRİŞ…………………………………………………………………....1 BİRİNCİ BÖLÜM HAFIZ İBRAHİM’İN HAYATI 1.1. DOĞUMU .................................................................................................. 10 1.2. AİLESİ VE NESEBİ .................................................................................. 10 1.3. VEFATI ...................................................................................................... 11 1.4. EĞİTİMİ VE YETİŞMESİ ......................................................................... 11 1.5. ASKERLİK HAYATI ................................................................................ 13 1.6. ÇALIŞMA HAYATI .................................................................................. 13 1.7. ZİYARETLERİ .......................................................................................... 14 1.8. EDEBİ KİŞİLİĞİ ........................................................................................ 15 İKİNCİ BÖLÜM HAFIZ İBRAHİM’İN ESERLERİ 2.1. MISIR TOPLUMU İLE İLGİLİ ESERLERİ ............................................. 17 2.1.1. LEYALİ SATİH................................................................................. 17 2.1.2. ÖMERİYYATU HAFIZ .................................................................... 18 2.2. TERCÜMELERİ ....................................................................................... 19 2.2.1. el-BUESA ........................................................................................... 19 vii 2.2.2. El–MUCEZ Fİ’l-İKTİSADİ’S-SİYASİ ............................................... 20 2.2.3. KÜTEYYİBÜN Fİ’T-TERBİYETİ’L–EVVELİYYE VEYA ET- TERBİYETÜ’L-EVVELİYYE .................................................................................. 20 2.2.4. KAYBOLAN TERCÜMESİ ............................................................... 21 2.3. DİVANI ..................................................................................................... 21 ÜÇÜNCÜ BÖLÜM DİVANINDAKİ MERSİYELER 3.1. HAFIZ’IN DİVANININ TANITIMI ......................................................... 23 3.1.1. MUKADDİME ŞAİR’ÜL-KUTREYN HALİL MUTRAN .............. 23 3.1.2. HAFIZ İBRAHİM’İN DİLİ VE ÜSLUBU ........................................ 25 3.1.3. MUKADDİMETÜ'L-KİTAB ............................................................ 26 3.1.4. DİVAN’IN BÖLÜMLERİ ................................................................. 28 3.2. ARAP EDEBİYATINDA MERSİYELER ............................................... 31 3.3 . HAFIZ İBRAHİM'İN DİVANINDAKİ MERSİYELERİN TERCÜMESİ..........................................................................................................34 3.3.1. DEVLET ADAMLARI...................................................................... 35 3.3.1.1. OSMAN SEYYİD ABAZA BEY .................................................... 35 3.3.1.2. MİN MERSİYYETİN VAHMİYETİN .......................................... 38 3.3.1.3. ABDULLAH ABAZA BEY ........................................................... 38 3.3.1.4. SÜLEYMAN ABAZA PAŞA ........................................................ 39 3.3.1.5. RİYAZ PAŞA ................................................................................. 42 3.3.1.6. ALİ EBİ EL-FUTUH PAŞA ..........................................................
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