SENSEable CITY GUIDE TO RIO DE JANEIRO R RIO DE JANEIRO SENSEable CITY GUIDE

COPYRIGHT ©2011 by SENSEable City Lab. All rights reserved. Cambridge, Massachusetts.

PRODUCED BY The SENSEable City Lab, The Massachusetts Institute of Technology

WITH SUPPORT FROM: GE

PRODUCTION MANAGER Prudence Robinson

EDITED BY Prudence Robinson Jennifer Dunnam Adam Pruden

AUTHORS Bárbara Ribes Giner Elijah Hutchinson Eric Baczuk Okhyun Kim Otto C L Ng

CONTRIBUTION FROM Catilin M. Zacharias Lindsey Hoshaw Eugene Lee

GRAPHIC DESIGN studio FM milano

PRINTED BY Puritan Press, Inc.

PUBLISHED BY SA+P Press

ISBN 9780979477485

SENSEable City Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology Building 9 - 209 | 77 Massachusetts Av. Cambridge, Massachusetts | 02139 USA T++ 1-617-2537926 | F++ 1-617-2588081 senseable.mit.edu RIO DE JANEIRO SENSEable City Guide

R1 / R4 / Growing Connections The Sensing Nose by Bárbara Ribes Giner by Okhyun Kim

R2 / R5 / WaterReader Beach Fashionsense by Elijah Hutchinson Rio 2016 by Otto C L Ng R3 / The Lula Project by Eric Baczuk

SENSEable CITY LAB, MIT

6 SCG TO RIO DE JANEIRO / INTRODUCTION 7 SCG TO RIO DE JANEIRO / INTRODUCTION reduce the inequalities between thereduce the inequalities formal and informal city? with these challenge, GE Faced Electric) partnered with (General to the SENSEable Cities Workshop networksexplore how distributed mightand pervasive technologies or evenbe employed to augment urbancreate a new ground-up, in favelas. They were infrastructure also interested in how technology might be used to break down the social barriers that exist between the to create “hills” and the “pavement,” As Rio de Janeiro a more unified city. Cup will be hosting the 2014 World and the Olympics in 2016, of Soccer, GE had a great interest in developing innovations in Rio that could be showcased to the world. During their trip to Rio de Janeiro, the team explored many aspects of the formal Staying near the and informal city. beach in Copacabana, they sampled beach culture before famous Rio’s (Vidigal) visiting both “upgraded” (Rocinha) and “non-upgraded” favelas, recording their experiences with locals and of each, interacting documenting social activities and built environments. This broad range of urban conditions and character gave the students an introduction to the complexity and diversity that defines Rio de Janeiro. Finally, through their discussions with GE and local researchers, they learned what kinds of data systems could be most helpful in improving public and access to physical infrastructure promoting public health in these communities. With this information, the team developed designs that achieved each of the goals of their Ribes Giner designed Bárbara brief. a self- “Growing Connections,” organized digital marketplace that would link micro-producers of urban this phenomenon of self-built andthis phenomenon of self-built - madeself-organized communities and dirtof corrugated steel shacks However, pathways - flourished. despite their sizeable populations, social stigmas have prevented these regions from receiving city or itsformal recognition by the authorities. Despite government and efforts at slum clearance relocation in the 1950s and 60s, and slum rehabilitation throughout the 70s and 80s, the favelas have proved resilient and remain a fixture of Rio’s around a quarter landscape. Today, of the population of Rio de Janeiro lives in favelas. Coming to terms state and with the reality of Favelas, governments have recently federal joined forces to improve living standards in a number of informal communities around Rio. Since the State-funded programs early 1990’s, to (translates such as Favela-Barrio Slum-Neighborhood) have made great strides towards improving the quality of life in these areas. Through intensive capital expenditure and invasive construction procedures, many favelas have been improved, equipping them with modern sanitation, electrical power and drinking water supplies. However, the progress of these programs both to the are slow and costly, government and to the communities in which they improve. Despite the glaring disparities physical upgrading, continue to exist between the across a “hills” and the “pavement” number of metrics, including income, education, health and life expectancy. Therefore, many challenges are still present: What could be done to help overcome these social stigmas? How can these neglected communities be better served? Might there be cheaper, quicker alternatives to conventional What can be done to “upgrading”?

by Eric Baczuk As of 2010, more than half ofAs of 2010, more than half dense,humanity resides in the cities. we call urban agglomerations of theThis is merely a signpost to urban migration largest rural ofever witnessed in the history is set tohumanity - and this trend Such in the coming years. accelerate strain places great rapid-urbanization The of cities. on the infrastructure adequate provision of clean water, has sanitation and basic power, become a challenge faced by new minds and existing cities alike. Today, government,across from andindustry academia are giving a great deal of and attention to urban infrastructure, understanding how these services could be re-invented to keep up with for this massive influx. Unfortunately, a growing number of cities around has the world, civic infrastructure already been outpaced by this flood This has lead to a of urban migrants. steep rise in informal settlements at the peripheries of many of the world’s theyears, 20 next the Over cities. great residents population of the world’s living in informal communities is set to double, totalling over 2 billion people by 2030. How are cities to cope with this new urban condition? If slums are inevitable, what can be the standards of health done to raise and quality of life in these areas? Devising how these regions are to move forward in a socially inclusive and environmentally sustainable manner will serve as one of the greatest challenges of our generation. slums, or Favelas The sprawling of Rio de Janeiro are perhaps the child for informal ‘poster world’s Starting in the 1880’s, settlements.’ freed and escaped African slaves - far too poor to acquire land of their own - began to appropriate the hillsides outside of Rio. Over generations,

Introduction RIO DE JANIERO DE RIO By focusing on a diverse range of diverse range on a By focusing has the team and settings, issues of innovative broad range designed a tackling the complexsolutions for and social challengesenvironmental Present de Janeiro today. that face Rio proposals is a strongin each of these to personal choice andconnection behavior, the concept of micro-scale scaling up to inspire far-reaching affect, and improving the experience the Cuidadeand social amenities of Mahrvelosa. This suite of proposals beyond theaims to inspire the city future as RioOlympics, towards a new to securede Janiero reinvents itself most a place among the world’s cities.progressive and competitive agriculture with local consumers. with local agriculture the developed Hutchinson Elijah a on-tap filter and Reader,” “Water that ensures usersreporting device they receive from theirthat the water drinking. Eric Baczuktap is safe for invented “The a fleet of Lula Project” controlled autonomously interactive, patrol Rio’s sensing robots that would pollutionbeaches, reporting on water actionlevels, and inciting political treatment.for issues of waste-water “TheOkhyun Kim proposed Sensing a sensor-embedded fan that Nose,” in favelapromotes indoor air quality homes, while alerting residents Otto Ngof possible health risks. Rio designed “Beach Fashionsense a line of sensor-equipped 2016,” color-changingbeachwear that uses a on potentialfabric to advise its users water quality and UV risks.

8 SCG TO RIO DE JANEIRO / INTRODUCTION R1 Growing Connections by Bárbara Ribes Giner

SENSEable CITY LAB, MIT vegetables on their roof. On their vegetables on their roof. they have beautiful tomatoes, roof, cucumbers, lettuce, strawberries but not carrots! Then, and parsley, User A goes to the website/app, logs in, and looks on a map. The house close to them has carrots; they check to see if at this moment carrots are available; maybe there is a home that has carrots, but there is no one at home. When User A locates a User B who is available at home, User A can ask User B in real time whether User B needs something that User A has on or if User B prefers to offer their roof, his produce in exchange for money, or even in credits/points. If User B chooses, next time they can take anything they want in equal amount regarding the quality of water they of water the quality regarding theirand use. Improving drink about their carbonknowledge footprint, and water water safety needs to be a priority. saving also these challenges, After I identified I about a project wherebegan thinking is using the roofs tothe main idea in the favelasstart a dynamic market with a bottom-up infrastructure. on aThe idea I propose is based thisRooftop Gardening System; system consists of a reconfigurable the piecesgarden in which one of and(planters) can be assembled out inadded to another stretching lines of horizontal direction. The tank of planters may have a main and water recollection, distribution, plants in order to water the filtration This water. with clean non-polluted suitablewould also help to provide growing conditions for vegetables that the individual cultivators, may use for their own personal use with their surrounding or trade neighbors. In this dynamic market people can create a self-organized market in which the users could offer and distribute their products online. They can use this market by visiting a website or by using a smart phone application. This would allow them to look for the nearest provider of the products that they require. example, User A is cooking, and for For their salad they need carrots, but at have any that moment, User A doesn’t available in their home. However they do have an assortment of other “People can “People create a self- organized market in which the users could offer and distribute their products online” their homes for consumption. for consumption.their homes collecting water to An alternative fountains is water tanks from public installed on their roofs residents have Though rainwater. which collect residents thefor some fortunate in the tanks is sanitary, water stored a company called thesupplied by water inCEDAE, in most cases, the rain. rooftop tanks is recollected presents Unfiltered, this water a it is a Sadly, public health concern. living in thedaily reality that people favelas are drinking contaminated people many consequence, a As water. like are suffering from conditions diarrhea, gastroenteritis, vomiting, worst stomachaches, and in the cases, cholera, hepatitis A and E.coli infections. Based on these observations, the following priorities were identified:providing clean drinking water for the whole system community and a filtration needs to be in place for all residents. will propose solutions mindful We that much of the family and community life in the favelas takes need to offer place on rooftops. We solutions that preserve the customs preserve the of life on the roof, possibility of building new floors for of their families, the next generations and also preserve the life they have on the roofs like cultivating plants, having barbecues and parties, drying the clothes, or enjoying the views. The people need to be educated The main focus of this project is toThe main focus to pressing issuespropose solutions of Rio de Janeiro’s for residents is one of the World’s favelas. Rio citymost famous cities. A prominent within Brazil and a part of a rapidly the BRICdeveloping economy of countries (Brazil, Russia, India and selectedChina). The city has been 2014 World as the host city for the for the 2016Cup, and also as the host Summer Olympics. has aThe city of Rio de Janeiro millionpopulation of around 6 million peoplepeople, with around 11 Southeastin total residing in the availability, region. Water and pollution are some quality, of the most serious issues facing the populace; especially the inhabitants favelas. These slum large of Río’s and shanty towns are recognizable by the crowded structures built climbing one on top of the other, into the hills surrounding the city. The total number of favelas in Río alone is nearly 1000, which amounts to about 4% of the cities space, with approximately 20% of Rio’s population residing in them. Taking these problems into consideration, my goal is to make efforts towards solving the water and energy problem in Rio, and improving the quality of life of the people in this region. The problems I observed during our visit in-situ were the following: first of all, through talking with residents, the biggest need they identified was equal access and distribution The hilly terrain of sanitary water. of these neighborhoods present a challenge for water distribution especially in the upper areas of the favelas, such as Rocinha. Existing for water delivery does infrastructure not extend to these areas. Water safety is another serious, and related, issue. In Dona Marta, there is no drinking water inside the houses. In residents have order to obtain water, to go to the different public fountains located throughout the favela and bring containers of water back to PROJECT DESCRIPTION

SCG TO RIO DE JANEIRO / R1 / GROWING CONNECTIONS 10 SCG TO RIO DE JANEIRO / R1 / GROWING CONNECTIONS 11 The System of Food Connections is created with Connections is created The System of Food a water container for System, a Hydrophonic the plants, and the other containers are watering plants, all of the pieces are linked for different together creating a complete system on the same planter as well as the as well same planter on the Users other users. of the information information online whencan access in addition, there canthe users login; map of the community be a general of the favelas wheredifferent parts the different levelsusers can see products in realand the available onlinetime. The digital market gridinterface creates a colorful the roofsmapping out the tops of in the favelas, with different providing organic configurations, thefood and clean water for The map and interface community. multiple sources visually portrays reflectingof information, whilst also the strong sense of community present within these favelas. from the roof top garden of User A. garden of roof top from the are smart planters these In addition, plants are cultivatedhydroponic; solution and nutrient using a mineral soil. This approachdo not require of the challenges ofremoves some a and ensures soil-based cultivation of crops is produced.healthy yield couldFurthermore, the water and used forpotentially be re-utilized planters; providing a water several is capablesaving mechanism that growingof maintaining suitable planters. Anconditions for multiple would beextension of this approach the qualityfor the planter to sense the quality of air, the of water, the CO2energy saved in the houses, plants. Allto O2 conversion of the be shownthe different levels could The SERVER System answers to answers System The SERVER 4. UserA with the information of UserB of with the information UserA To:UserA available from UserBMesg:CARROTS (617-991-0324) From:FoodConnections(4994) to UserB5. UserA sends a SMS/Call to shareand makes an appointment the products. grow. connections 6. Food UserA wants to find some product wants to find 1. UserA the SERVER to a Text they send with the productSystem Number they want To:FoodConnections(4994) Mesg:CARROTS From:UserA using 2. Then the SERVER System other location, filtering the UserA’s Carrots User(s) close to UserA with them. to all of and sends a Text To:User(s) please reply Mesg:CARROTS required, if available From:FoodConnections(4994) system 3. UserB answers to SERVER To:FoodConnections(4994) Mesg:CARROTS available From:UserB The personal interaction in interaction The personal has three differentthis project First of all, there wouldexpressions. System, with the entirebe a Server of alldatabase about the information productsthe users such as location, etc. they are growing, cell number, In the first, people can go directly for theto the planters to look using theinformation they need In thetactile display they have. have internetsecond one, people who be inand/or smart phones could chat servicecontact directly using the in one of these smart devices who don’t In the third, for the people the case for thehave smart devices, as they could usemajority of the favelas, in the their cell phones. Operating market using cell phones is done through the following steps: PERSONAL INTERACTIONS

SCG TO RIO DE JANEIRO / R1 / GROWING CONNECTIONS 12 SCG TO RIO DE JANEIRO / R1 / GROWING CONNECTIONS 13 1- User A needs something. 2- Using the device phone/cellphone), (internet/smart they prefer the nearest person can connect to find people 3- User they want. B goes to the product with vegetables that User A needs. gather the User B meet to exchange the 4- User A and products. Food Connections is a simple Connections with the goal system Food low using high and market, a dynamic of creating food can share different where users technologies, as they them on their roofs. grow products based on a bottom-up This market is infrastructure.

SCG TO RIO DE JANEIRO / R1 / GROWING CONNECTIONS 15 The possibilities that these pixel gardens offer include the creation of images on the roofs of the customize to give the opportunity houses and such on the event, these images depending as the Logo Rio 2016. Olympic

BÁRBARA RIBES GINER RIBES BÁRBARA studied Spain, she Born in Alcoy, at the Polytechnic Industrial Design (UPV). Valencia University of her studies at theShe finished Milan in 2002 and of Polytechnic performed the Mastersubsequently Degree in Design and Management She worked of New Products at UPV. and Barcelona in studios in Paris and Estudio like NAÇO in Paris, Design inMariscal, and BM Lighting Barcelona. Throughout her career exhibitionsshe participated in many Nudeand contests such as Hall on the International Furniture (02/03/04/05), of Valencia Fair (FIM 2003- Domus Mediterranean Design04), Showroom Modoloco Milan 03), SpanishDesign( Workshop+ TriennaleConceptRoom at the Milan (2004), where she was a finalist with Diana Santana; in the Biennale de Saint Etienne (2004), Design Lab in received (2005). Also in 2007 she Paris a special mention with Alba Sans on Creativa Contest and the 6th Formica the 3rd prize of Product Design in the Creators Contest of Twentieth Young Madrid in 2008. During the year 2008 Degree in she obtained a Graduate Qualitative Research Trends at the Ramon Llull University in Barcelona. In 2010 she was invited by Senseable City Lab to join the workshop Senseable Cities at MIT.

SCG TO RIO DE JANEIRO / R1 / GROWING CONNECTIONS 18 R2 WaterReader by Elijah Hutchinson

Refresh Resist

SENSEable CITY LAB, MIT Having this information transmitted transmitted this information Having WaterReader of other to a network will allow users tosmart faucets water quality withcompare their and the broadertheir neighbors water Coupling these community. with basic filtersquality sensors new stream of datawill create a raise that will increase awareness, quality, standards of drinking water health. and positively impact public ofResidents want the comfort safe, andknowing their water is of Rio deexposing the dynamics water system will make Janeiro’s engagingwater quality awareness for the wider community. The water distribution network in network distribution The water often and Janeiro is complex Rio de in impairedinformal, resulting a high prevalence ofquality and diseases. Accordingwaterborne Bank in 2008 over 19 to The World million Brazilians a safe lacked will WaterReader water supply. conditionsallow you to sense water tap usersin real-time, providing need towith the information they make informed water consumption waterdecisions. Furthermore, conditions will be networked; for long- creating an effective tool term sustainable planning. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

SCG TO RIO DE JANEIRO / R2 / MOVING LANDSCAPES 20 SCG TO RIO DE JANEIRO / R2 / MOVING LANDSCAPES 21 About 80% of Rio de Janeiro’s drinking de Janeiro’s 80% of Rio About river the Guandu comes from water but the facility, water treatment network is plagueddistribution unauthorizedwith leaks and compromises watertapping which informal especially in more quality, The addition of acommunities. tap haswater filter on a faucet arecertainly helped, but filters andoften not replaced enough groundcan become a breeding capturedfor pathogens and other In this context, organic matter. will be a powerful WaterReader onnew tool that gives information scale. Thisa personal and real-time system of water more transparent publicdelivery besides increasing thehealth awareness, showcases to connectprogress of Rio de Janeiro are bothwith communities that challenging to access and manage. Rio de Janeiro is a city that in many city that in Janeiro is a Rio de some While by water. is defined ways assets cultural of its most prized access to cleanare its beaches, has been a continuingdrinking water the metropolis’challenge for Cup the World residents. During the Olympic games inin 2014 and safe2016, the challenge of providing apparent.water will be ever more ofAn unprecedented number place urbanization visitors and rapid the municipalsignificant demands on traditional water system, straining delivery methods and potentially compromising public health. made water filters have Traditional morewater more potable, but widecan be done to monitor andfluctuations in its quality that the also provide assurances drinking water is safe. Imagine you approach your kitchen your you approach Imagine faucet, on the sink, turn and the up red, notifying youwater lights quality has beenthat your water Usually your watercompromised. freshing blue, and youcomes out a do not have to changeknow that you because water filter, your built in the faucetthe water coming out of to warn youwould have been blinking are You of scheduled maintenance. red water, uncomfortable drinking there is aand hesitate. Aware that phoneproblem, you pull out your that tracks and login to a webpage faucetsWaterReader the five other in your immediate neighborhood. are notice that your neighbors You as well.having contaminant troubles the water management Immediately, sensed thecompany has remotely breach in quality and investigates the causes while distributing wider service advisories to your community. The next morning you awake to find the that when you turn on your water, faucet display is no longer giving you a water quality warning message, but instead advises you to change your water filter by blinking. When your water is clean, the water turns blue again, letting you know that it is safe to drink. WATERREADER WATERREADER lived in an informalImagine you in Rio, you go to thecommunity water faucet, on the tap, and turn water coming out ishope that the Monitoring of qualitysafe to drink. but tests are donedoes happen, andremotely at the water source to captureare not frequent enough prepareddaily fluctuations. Being water qualityfor a sudden change in health one’s is critical to protecting action.and engaging in preventative water qualityInformation about your frommay be in an online webpage company, the water management not checkingbut chances are you are for wateryour personal computer you getservice advisories before and the scale of a drink of water, tothe information is inappropriate represent your household drinking afteronly is it Often, conditions. water experiencing digestive discomfort one discovers that poor water quality was imbibed. These conditions are all too frequent. So what is the alternative? PERSONAL INTERACTIONS

SCG TO RIO DE JANEIRO / R2 / MOVING LANDSCAPES 22

reduced water quality monitoring water quality reduced time response and reduced costs In Brazil,to quality fluctuations. substantial there are several in servicing informalchallenges communitiesand low-income institutional anddue to a weak Water regulatory framework. impactsquality is an issue that Brazilians across class and racial createdlines. New spatial links communities,between lower-income anddense high-rises downtown, the environment, facilitate the spatial andformalization of complex use of thissocial relationships. The a platformtechnology also provides waterfor communication between who mayproviders and customers with alack the incentives to engage quality orwater utility provider about this data willaccess issues. Certainly be helpful in engaging in long-term planning for water infrastructure Implementing this and capacity. networked model of service delivery will put Rio de Janeiro at the forefront of water resource management. Using WaterReader, we have WaterReader, Using water the traditional redefined created and infrastructure mechanism fora participatory quality and reducingadvancing water illness. WaterReader waterborne in strategic faucets, especially can give feedbackat-risk locations, system andto the water distribution monitoringcreate a dynamic quality ofenvironment for the benefit customers and utility companies aggregatedalike. When this data is a richon the neighborhood scale, that can bevisualization is created a smartviewed online or by using tophone. This allows individuals see how their water infrastructure impactedis interconnected and by issues of development, weather fluctuations.events, and other supply Having information of this quality and at this scale is unprecedented for monitoring the urban water Only recently has infrastructure. remote quality sensing of water bodies been attempted in select countries. The results have been URBAN INTERACTIONS

SCG TO RIO DE JANEIRO / R2 / MOVING LANDSCAPES 24

LED lights convey the real time results of the LED lights convey the blue means don’t drink, Red spectrophotometer. blinking lights mean means the water is clean, and that it is time to change your filter Detecting variations also does not also does variations Detecting by the can test for items one limit the in the device. For number of sensors pH, individual sensor for example, an pesticide is no or a particular salinity, monitoring by Rather, required. longer of acceptable range a calibrated can monitor the overall variation, one These sensors condition of the water. into a user interface will be integrated in qualitythat alerts the user to shifts the waterby changing the color of directly tousing LED lights attached the spout of the faucet. technology, Using wireless network fed to serversthis information can be companymaintained by the water internet orfor distribution over the providers. by telecommunication WaterReader Data from the individual on a mappoints can be displayed to certain areas in or generalized a neighborhood for visualization purposes. They could also collect the filter and analyze what substances have or have not constituted a In turn this system breach in quality. provides a rich data source and the potential for further refinement of the infrastructure. Pure and contaminated water can be water contaminated Pure and of the detection through identified spectrum. in the infrared color-shifts can be monitored in realThese shifts to the water user, time and presented to abnormal conditions.alerting them can be made ofThe actual sensors are insoluble, non-toxic,fibers that biocompatibleand constructed from they arematerials—essentially harmless even if consumed. requiringThis technology avoids a culturedan incubation period for lab protracted sample or subsequent detailed tests. Also, for a consumer, contaminantsinformation on specific thepresent may be irrelevant. For awareness, itpurposes of individual know thatis only necessary that they thesomething is wrong, allowing investigatewater company to further the matter. TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION

SCG TO RIO DE JANEIRO / R2 / MOVING LANDSCAPES 26 SCG TO RIO DE JANEIRO / R2 / MOVING LANDSCAPES 27 Above is an example of an infrared of an infrared is an example Above ‘colors’that can detect the in spetrophotometer pure between to differentiate spectrum infrared is not This spectrum water. and contaminated eye, but devices like to the human these, visable fibers, can detect using special silver-halide in real time. pollutants ELIJAH HUTCHINSON ELIJAH is currently aElijah Hutchinson Planning studentMasters in City Instituteat Massachusetts in specializing of Technology, Economic and Housing, Community, Development. interests include His to thebringing sustainability marketplace and empowering economiccommunities through isorganizing. Elijah Hutchinson York a native of Brooklyn, New and has worked in affordable andhousing development school. policy prior to graduate He received his undergraduate degree in Biological Anthropology hisfrom Harvard College where onacademic interests focused andevolutionary psychology adaptive human behaviors. project is a The WaterReader culmination of various interests, including advancing infrastructure and quality of life in challenging political and social contexts. One guiding principle for his work is that technology has the potential to bridge the gap between environmental sustainability and communities that have been historically disadvantaged.

SCG TO RIO DE JANEIRO / R2 / MOVING LANDSCAPES 28 R3 The Lula Project by Eric Baczuk

SENSEable CITY LAB, MIT quality, citizens can become actively quality, involved in the decisions and actions that affect the quality and future of their municipal beach parks. Offering a platform of reliable, statistically based and publicly accessible information will spur environmental awareness and beaches and advocacy for Rio’s oceans, while empowering the public to make more informed decisions about where and when they go swimming. Such a record will also industries to allow the city and it’s their individual and collective track progress over time, thus encouraging further improvements in the future. STRATEGY water monitoring sensors Today’s are wafer-thin, highly accurate, mass-produced and economical. pH, dissolved temperature, Water loading and algal blooms, which and algal loading content oxygen the dissolved reduce and threaten marineof the seawater unique habitats. However, life in these state-runthe more formalized, is arguably infrastructure wastewater Sewage collectedmuch the same. sanitation systemsby the municipal ocean almost directly into the drains diffusers onthrough kilometer long of it havingthe ocean floor - much received only primary treatment. So the formalthe main difference is that wastewatersewage systems pipe the sea,out many kilometers to where it informalcan be better diluted. The - lacking such however sector, - empty their sewage infrastructure to thedirectly off the shore, adjacent posecities beaches. Both methods the long-termsignificant threats to municipal beaches. viability of Rio’s OBJECTIVE While everyone in Rio will give you an opinion on contamination beaches, many levels of the city’s hardly anyone knows for certain which beaches are most affected and to what extent. The objective of this project is to quantify such information and bring it into the public realm and social consciousness. By establishing a public-private initiative that directly addresses the issue of ocean water Beach pollution was cited as one of the primary reasons holiday makers chose not to visit Rio de Janeiro... beach culture comes from the sky. sky. from the culture comes beach state of Rio the over a century, For been notoriouslyde Janeiro has landslides and extensiveplagued with rainfall events. major flooding from often overwhelmThese storms sewer systems andthe municipal streets, alleys andinundate the low-lying areas. As homes of the city’s waters recedethe storms pass, flood withinto the ocean, taking along residues,them a mélange of urban Suchtoxic substances and sediments. impactchemical shocks can greatly oceans of Rio’s the water composition for theand can have dire implications and fauna.regions aquatic flora perhaps most and Finally, the single greatest importantly, culture ofthreat to the beaches and municipalRio comes from untreated sewage and waste. As migrants from across the county flock to Rio, great stress is placed on the water of Rio de Janeiro state. infrastructure It is estimated that of the 5 million people that will re-locate to Rio in the next 10 years, 3 million will live urban in informal housing. This rapid influx combined with the city’s current dearth of sewage and sanitary suggests that most of infrastructure this burden will likely be borne by the oceans surrounding Rio de Janeiro. Much of the untreated sewage from favelas such as Mangeirinha, Ramos and Jacarezinho flow directly into while Rocinha, Bay, Guanabara Vidigal, Vila Canoa, and the many small favelas of Lago Tijuca all release their untreated sewage effluent into near-shore outlets on the Southern shore. These inputs lead to nutrient CHALLENGE of beachland lineOver 80kms Rio de Janeiro state,the coasts of for publicproviding a critical venue and recreation, social interaction sandy These identity. cultural and sea play aexpanses between land vivre of Rio devital role in the joie de you can findJaneiro. Day and night walkingfriends, families and lovers jogging,along the boardwalks, rollerblading, playing volleyball, reading, surfing, swimming, soccer, usingplaying futevolei (volleyball to Bossaonly feet), and listening primary Nova. Rio is also Brazil’s thetourist destination. It receives most visitors per year of any city in South America with 2.82 million international tourists annually. Visitors from around the world flock injecting millions of beaches, to Rio’s tourist dollars into the local economy beautiful Rio’s However, every year. beaches and the unique culture threatened they harbour are gravely by biological contamination and industrial pollution. While the city has a long history of thriving tourism, the industry entered a decline in the last quarter of the 20th century and One of the primary has yet to recover. reasons cited for the downturn was beach pollution. As the third largest port in Brazil, over 7 million tons of cargo is shipped through the mouth of Guanabara While such intensive Bay every year. marine activity is important for Gross National Product, these Brazil’s diesel-powered vessels - over 1700 ships, liners and barges annually - exert great pressures on the aquatic since area.the of ecology Additionally, extraction oil exploration, the 1960’s and shipping in the state of Rio de Janeiro has increased to become a mainstay of the Brazilian economy. as such industry Inevitably, continues its expansion so too does the likelihood of a major environmental catastrophe. another threat to the Indirectly, beaches and persistence of Rio’s PROJECT DESCRIPTION

SCG TO RIO DE JANEIRO / R3 / CONNECTING A DYNAMIC LANDSCAPE 30 SCG TO RIO DE JANEIRO / R3 / CONNECTING A DYNAMIC LANDSCAPE 31 industries. As urban populations environmental continue to grow, sensing technologies will likely play an increasing role in ensuring the maintenance of public health and ultimately infrastructure, help Cariocas preserve a critical identity. component of their cultural Through funded, community based initiatives, Cariocas will regain their sense of ownership over these highly valued places. By combining resources with industry federal experience from GE, the people of Rio will collectively hold the power to direct the fate of their with GE, local oceans. Together will set a global new Projecto LULA precedent for the age of ecological urbanism and will serve as a model for coastal cities around the world. become the icon for the future of culture and the rebirth beach Rio’s of the Zona Sul as a global tourist destination. Hundreds of LULA’s could be deployed into the bays and beaches of Rio de Janeiro state, real-time information transmitting and nature about concentration beaches. of pollution on Rio’s This information could then be collected, updated and broadcast on websites, newspapers, interactive media installations, or accessed via a wireless handset. Access to such relevant and reliable information in real-time would empower Rio’s citizens to make more informed decisions about what beaches they swim at and fish from, while the would of the program transparency force accountability from local oxygen content, salinity, electrical oxygen content, salinity, coliform, and BTEX conductivity, levels in seawater can all be measured By instantly and inexpensively. combining numerous individual sensors into a single, multi- performative device, we can gain a broad-spectrum understanding clear, of water quality conditions around oceans and beaches. The Rio’s project proposes a network of LULA remotely controlled mobile sensors/ that will patrol Rio’s transmitters seafront. These wave- and solar- powered, SMS guided units could Red colored LULAs inform beach-goers that the LULAs inform colored Red and that swimming is poor, water quality today here is ill-advised. and weather, to ensure that a broad that to ensure and weather, picture of seawater and accurate the across all of quality is maintained and ocean. However, beaches city’s to gives particular attention LULA frequented by people,the areas most large groups are inespecially when zone. Citizens can alsoa particular via SMS communicate with LULAs if you’re instance, messages. For at a remoteabout to go swimming see any LULAs beach, but don’t send anaround, you can simply control SMS message to the central sent over tocenter and one will be exactly wondering if you’re you. Or, your localwhat kind of contaminants is detecting, you can request LULA frommore detailed information directly tothem, which will be sent collectedyour phone. Information would also be compiled from LULAs web and broadcast on an interactive space that could be followed like keeping concerned citizens Twitter, up-to-date with ocean conditions at their favorite beaches or fishing holes. This data could also be transmitted across various urban media displays or even via print or television, like the daily weather report. The keystone of the information of the The keystone sensing mobile is the remote system the Portuguese LULAs units - called taken from word for ‘squid’, and bobbing ‘head’ their pointed These autonomous‘tentacles’. rely on color-codedfloating devices to communicate watervisual cues those inquality information to Red means danger, visible range. green meansyellow means fair and fishingexcellent swimming and pier orconditions. From the beach, to look atboat Cariocas will be able before;what has never been seen andreal-time, continuous sensing quality in themonitoring of seawater the first time ocean around them. For and visitors to Rio citizens in history, or notwill be able to decide whether based uponto dive in or cast their line of localprecise, up-to-date knowledge seawater conditions. along unit travels Each LULA controlled ‘route’ on a centrally continually testing and reporting ocean conditions back to a processing center onshore. The center decides the specific routes and location of units based on pollutant the LULA location time of day, concentration, PERSONAL INTERACTIONS

SCG TO RIO DE JANEIRO / R3 / CONNECTING A DYNAMIC LANDSCAPE 32

displeasure with, or approval of the or approval with, displeasure in the area,activities b) propose or to the problem – solution a general legal and reasonablewhich is both up from the examplein scale. Picking say you determined made earlier, poor waterthat the continually favorite beach at your quality rating a nearbywas the direct result of could outfall. You storm drainage site LULA make a proposal on the tofor this outfall to be diverted or for a small the municipal sewer, at thewetland to be constructed outlet. Throughout each month, toan online tally is maintained the publicdetermine which initiatives feels most strongly about. months At selected, theend, if your proposal is moneygovernment will commit to the project and a partnership and between you, the community, technical experts at GE will be forced to ensure that the collective water quality issue gets fixed. Because very skeptical Carioca’s are typically about the uses of public funds, the Public Private allow for a would project of the LULA Partnership the while to front the project entity (GE) corporate made state benefits from the real improvements tourist trade. revived and to its ocean environment More than simply reporting real- reporting than simply More web the conditions, time seawater information the LULA presence for a more lasting andsystem serves for the communitiesimportant role website The LULA of Rio de Janeiro. for seawater qualityis also a forum activism. By followingreporting and through theupdates and searching concerned on-line historical browser, whichcitizens can quickly identify oftenregions of their city most rating receive the highest quality reportand which areas continually this point,the poorest results. From be drawn connections can start to and thebetween pollution sources instance,beaches they affect. For beach hassay your favorite local for or ‘hazardous’ rating had a ‘poor’ can trace a number of months. You - usingthe source of this pollution map - to a point the online LULA source origin. The site then allows you to either a) leave a comment on the situation – describing your - ment in seawater quality observed in the Rio ment in seawater quality observed first will be area between 2011, when the project the and 2016, when Rio will host implemented, Games. The LULA information Summer Olympic citizens with an accuratesystem provides picture them, and offers a of the sea water quality around - to infrastruc approach hands-on, community led in Rio de Janeiro. ture redevelopment The two images below the improve describe URBAN INTERACTIONS

SCG TO RIO DE JANEIRO / R3 / CONNECTING A DYNAMIC LANDSCAPE 34 SCG TO RIO DE JANEIRO / R3 / CONNECTING A DYNAMIC LANDSCAPE 35 POWER are dangling tentacles LULAs powerhouses of theseactually the units. Relying on aautonomous of wave and solarcombination a Lithium Ion and buffered by energy, can swim, sample and LULAs battery, information about water transmit around the clock. The “tentacles” thatare actually wave actuators intoconvert kinetic wave energy a series ofelectrical power through was pumps. This technology hydraulic offshore wave inspired by the Pelamis at theenergy converters developed UK,University of Southampton, and the ocean isensure that as long as suppliedrippling, electricity is being system, augment this to LULA. To actuatorsthe buoys of the wave cellswere covered with Photovoltaic to provide an additional source of energy to the unit. LED AND EPD DISPLAYS LED AND share the resultsIn order to visually on a rely LULAs of their analyses, digital display tovivid color-coded the status of watercommunicate given area.quality in a However, the autonomous naturebecause of this display must be both of LULAs, Throughout powerful and low energy. units rely on sunlight the the day, exteriorto reflect color from their from thissurface. The color reflected controlledsurface can be dynamically to Electronicusing technology similar Displays (such as Amazon’s Paper activate a Kindle). At night, LULAs nodes, locatedsmall bank of RGB LED to give thebeneath the outer shell, Their very low gentle glow. unit it’s thatpower consumption means can sample and display water LULAs 7 quality information 24 hrs a day, days a week. SENSING AND COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION SENSING AND of component The most recognizable is the information system the LULA These devicesmobile ocean sensors. minuteare capable of detecting lead, of mercury, concentrations zinc, arsenic, BTEX (petrochemical variouscompounds) as well as and phosphates through nitrates array a multi-performance sensor LULA’s mounted on the sides of also Inside, this ‘head’ buoyant ‘head’. processingcontains all of the digital and communication equipment to technology similar (transmission relay waves) used to cell phone radio to shore. LULA the collected data back also uses inexpensive, solid state and low energy flash memory for processing and storing its collected information. TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION - Now you can. namic, responsive entity. Imagine you namic, responsive entity. the world... had the power to change A DAY IN THE LIFE OF LULA LIFE OF IN THE A DAY were someone thatImagine you people from allbrought together across all social barriers,walks of life, structures. divides and class racial were the common threadImagine you entire city together. that tied an were the hope for theImagine you environ- and knowledge where - future dy one into integrate seemlessly ment

SCG TO RIO DE JANEIRO / R3 / CONNECTING A DYNAMIC LANDSCAPE 36 SCG TO RIO DE JANEIRO / R3 / CONNECTING A DYNAMIC LANDSCAPE 37 ERIC BACZUK was born in Calgary, Eric Baczuk Canada, attended where he of Calgary on anthe University Soccer), (Men’s athletic scholarship a B.Sc in with and graduated Science (2005). LookingEnvironmental sustainabilityto apply his interest in to the built environment, enrolled Eric where he at Dalhousie University, Environmentalreceived a Bachelor of and aDesign in 2007 (with distinction) (2009).Masters Degree in Architecture conductedWhile at Dalhousie, Eric research on renewable exploratory in Eastern energy infrastructure Canada. His Masters thesis focused program on deriving architectural and typology for tidal in-stream in theenergy conversion facilities Canada. This project Bay of Fundy, was widely recognized nationally, receiving awards from Dalhousie the Canada Arts Council University, and Canadian Architect magazine. Eric has worked in Professionally, Foster+Partners, the London office of contributing to a host of large- and commercial scale civic, cultural projects in the United States, Canada, England and Mauritius. He is currently completing a Master of Design Studies degree at Harvard University.

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The Sensing Nose will set up a new perspective on the air quality problem of by Rocinha making the invisible problems more sensible through the olfactory sensor techonology. HOW TO BRING A CHANGE TO BRING A HOW it air quality, In order to improve informative to reviewwould prove of expansion, thewith the intention treatment infrastructure. waste water should be designedAlso the buildings considering way, in a more sensitive Howeverventilation and lighting. changesmaking these large scale in Rocinha proves challenging. with a smallThus, I wanted to start a wallscale change. I will provide fan with anmountable ventilation The sensorembedded sensing nose. quality andwill detect the indoor air automatically run the fan ventilation. when there is a need for the change in The sensor will record report will be the air quality and the Although saved for retrieval later. in the immediate enhancement the air quality by providing solution, ventilation is a temporary the sensing nose will serve to raise Also, the awareness of air quality. Sensing Nose project will be valuable POLLUTED AIR AND HEALTH HAZARD HEALTH AIR AND POLLUTED to effect immediate It is not so easy changes action or behavioral conspicuous threat.regarding this a lack of impetusThere is often air quality and reduceto improve to its intangible nature. pollution due challengesFurthermore, with other on a dailyfacing residents of Rocinha a priority. basis, air pollution is not residentsWith prolonged exposure, to thehave become accustomed especially as it does poor air quality, threat.not present an immediate and aFrom an anthropological olfaction is an biological view, perception.important part of human the studies have examined Several indoorrelationship between the and theair quality of this area diseases, prevalence of respiratory especially among the children. most the of one been has Tuberculosis serious health problems in the area. SENSING CITY THROUGHSENSING CITY SENSING NOSE Nose project is aboutThe Sensing that canrevealing a new city space assumes abe perceived. This project issue of airnovel perspective on the quality in Rocinha. make It seeks to problemsthe invisible environmental andof the area more tangible sensible through the employment of olfactory sensor technology. In this project, I ultimately hope the significant role to illustrate perception plays in behavioral changes among the individuals Furthermore within a community. how it will serve to demonstrate sensible data can bring a new level of awareness of public health and action on environmental problems. In the long run, the sensing nose will help to create a sensitive built environment that enhances the quality of life. EXPERIENCE IN ROCINHA OLFACTORY first time visitors to Rocinha, For one of the most unforgettable aspects of their experience is the odor from the the heavy rain, Following wastewater. odor can become overpowering, as the water overflows the sewers. Air quality presents an issue not only outdoors but also indoors as well. Due to the informal architectural condition of Rocinha and its dense construction (many alleys are ventilation natural 1m), than narrower is impeded, with air flow becoming the multi- stagnant. Moreover, story buildings limit sun light from entering the compact conurbations. The windows are too small or too few in number to allow for sufficient air circulation to provide ventilation. The reaches the bottom of sunlight rarely the deep alleyways or the interior of the building. The interior spaces remain humid and dim, and become stagnant leading to poor indoor air The pervasive airborne odor, quality. now presents a public health concern for the inhabitants of Rocinha. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

SCG TO RIO DE JANEIRO / R4 / CONNECTING A DYNAMIC LANDSCAPE 40 in providing a more comprehensive air quality and access to information 41 picture of public health within through the integrated sensing Rocinha and in establishing direct technology will assist to find SCG TO RIO DE JANEIRO / R4 CONNECTING A DYNAMIC LANDSCAPE links between the air quality and more appropriate solutions. human health. Making air quality Concurrently it will bring more data more sensible at a personal active forms of intervention level can initiate more emotional and acute awareness that will and physical involvement from the lead to a real socio-environmental The multi storey buildings are situated very close to each other. Insufficient supply of sunlight and residents. Improving knowledge of change in Rocinha. poor air circulation creates undesirable environ- mental condition in this alley.

OKHYUN KIM OKHYUN born in Korea andOkhyun was of Science inreceived a Bachelor and DesignHuman Environment University, Yonsei degree from Korea, of Fine Arts from and a Master the Art Institute ofthe School of a Master inChicago. She is currently at the HarvardArchitecture candidate School of Design(GSD). Graduate withShe has previously worked SwitzerlandHHF Architects in Basel, Theand with MVRDV in Rotterdam, she started theNethelands. Ever since Okhyun at the GSD, MArch I Program the role ofhas been interested in its profoundhuman perception and phenomenological role in embracing experiences found in architecture specifically, and urban spaces. More architectureshe is interested in how can challenge the current visually obsessive culture in our built environment; our experience of space is no longer just a visual experience but it must be greatly enriched by activating other senses including tactile, thermal, and the olfactory, auditory senses. And she wishes to act on this belief to create the built environment that touches us.

SCG TO RIO DE JANEIRO / R4 / CONNECTING A DYNAMIC LANDSCAPE 48 R5 Beach Fashionsense Rio 2016 by Otto C L Ng

SENSEable CITY LAB, MIT Even though popular beaches Even though Ipanema including Copacabana, without and Leblon appear fine, real-time scientific assessment, risk. you may neglect the hidden Volunteer for Mission AQUA’QUAL AQUA’QUAL for Mission Volunteer sensing most fashionable with the test to Swimwear, SENSEable the - tool can Visiting volunteers beach water. toolkits upon their arrivalpick up the accommodation. You in Rio at your assessment duringcarry out water in Rio, thereforeyour daily activities always is assessment of frequency the In of water. relative to the demand network isother words, the sensing and qualitypowered by individuals on thein Rio, both displayed locally globabllyand beach-goers the of body on the web and social network. Water stress is there! In Rio de stress Water to clean waterJanerio, access critical issue affectinghas been a and tourism economic activity, health. Being the host people’s the Olympic Cup and city of the World everGames, Rio faces the largest demand on its water transient The influx of visitors infrastructure. the current could potentially overload treatment water supply and sewage drained and treated is Sewage system. fact theto the ocean which is in that is suppliedmajor source of water Beachto Rio for consumption. part of lifeculture is an important thein Rio. Beaches are undoubtedly the visit major reason why travelers Even though popular beaches city. including Copacabana, Ipanema and Leblon appear fine, without scientific assessment, you may have neglected the risk. In case of flooding at the sewage canal or irregular flow of water from the polluted Guanabara bay in the north, these beaches could be contaminated in a way that you are not aware of. Other factors also present additional pressure on water quality such as industrial growth at 10% a year and the construction works for urban In this context,regeneration. water quality is an utmost concern, as it presents hidden risks to health pinkeye, including skin rashes, infections, meningitis, respiratory hepatitis and stomach flu. THE MEDIA OF Join AQUA’QUAL: Become a volunteer in the WATER! and mission network of AQUA’QUAL help observe and defend the wellbeing of the water infrastructure and ecology. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

SCG TO RIO DE JANEIRO / R5 / BEACH FASHIONSENSE RIO 2016 50 SCG TO RIO DE JANEIRO / R5 / BEACH FASHIONSENSE RIO 2016 51 circumstances, circumstances, colors will some fade away. Color remaining indicates the sensing result. In any poor In any able SENSE Beachwear will be Beachwear your fashionable, personal colorimeter advising about water quality and UV level. Swimwear is undoubtedly the fashion the is undoubtedly Swimwear often life and Rio’s of representation that beach-goers willthe only thing the beach. Many peopleever bring to to Rio are also usedwho are native their swimwear aroundto wearing for non-water relatedthe city even activities. is the mostSENSEable Beachwear that servesfashionable sensing tool of UVas your personal colorimeter The SENSEable and water quality. dissimilarBeachwear will not look speedo.from a typical bikini or a lot cooler. However its design is just onThanks to the body of research electronics, water-qualitywearable nowsensors and batteries can and shouldpossibly be embedded part of the look like a natural sensors will be able These swimwear. to instantly measure pH, temperature and conductivity to get a sense This data of the level of water purity. will be analyzed and immediately presented with color and pattern addition, In swimwear. the on changes SENSEable Beachwear will also perform as your personal UV indicator with UV-responsive materials. PERSONAL INTERACTIONS

SCG TO RIO DE JANEIRO / R5 / BEACH FASHIONSENSE RIO 2016 52 SCG TO RIO DE JANEIRO / R5 / BEACH FASHIONSENSE RIO 2016 53 Volunteers will Volunteers customize their own design of SENSEable Beachwear with the interactive interface. As the name indicates, one important is the feature of Beach-Fashion-Sense possiblity of designs customization. If you decide to volunteer for the project, you can customize your own SENSEable Beachwear from a collection of designs and find one that suits your personal style. including Futhermore, parameters pattern, cutting, color palette, some design details and dimensions, can also be customized to fit your need. customize-your-own- This interactive swimwear interface can be accessible through the internet on your smart phone or personal computer. Images captured Images captured at the beach will be anaylzed with high definition pattern recognition technology producing map data. The general public will be interested will be public The general the water- understanding in easily destinations atquality of their whilst thea glance (short-term), will be interestedgovernment that identifiesin information of problems and thethe sources of demand for smarterdistribution city-planning (long-term). Since the tools are so user-friendly, attract the project will not only butenvironmental activists, sociallyalso individuals who are heightenedresponsible and who seek environmental awareness. The project role as a “media” is clear. It is true that the mission will duplicate It is true that the mission will duplicate role as a “media”The project is clear. may utility company and the government studying the water that the duty of not only participation individual’s of having The advantage also perform. environmental but also helps promote the surveillance of water, parallels accessible visualization for the data through and user-friendly awareness general public. The project’s role as a media is clear. It media is clear. role as a The project’s will duplicate that the mission is true studying the water thatthe duty of and utility companythe government The advantagemay also perform. participateof having individuals the surveillancenot only improves promote but also helps of water, throughenvironmental awareness dataaccessible and user-friendly public. visualization for the general MAP will be The Beach-Fashion-Sense available through social-networking throughchannels and get dissipated relationships. of branching infinite the go to a beach, example, if you For and information your geographical datathe beach pattern recognition on thewill be matched and posted friends cansocial network which your comment on and discuss. Not only does Beach-Fashion-Sense each beach based on water WEB rate but more importantly it quality, will promote the best beaches. WEB will Beach-Fashion-Sense help people decide which beach they should visit, potentially leading to new useage patterns based on their beaches of Rio’s environmental conditions. overall Data visualization will redistribute the demand among the beaches. You carry out water assessment during your daily activities in Rio, therefore activities in water assessment your daily carry out during You In other of water. the frequency of assessment the demand is always relative to sensing by individuals. is powered the urban-scale network words, URBAN INTERACTIONS

SCG TO RIO DE JANEIRO / R5 / BEACH FASHIONSENSE RIO 2016 54 SCG TO RIO DE JANEIRO / R5 / BEACH FASHIONSENSE RIO 2016 55 Difference in Pattern Difference Scenerio - Discovering BetterScenerio Beaches Scenerio - Potential Danger - Potential Scenerio

ULTRA-VIOLET SENSING IMAGE RECOGNITION DATA BROADCAST

UV-level will also be presented with Rather than setting up a wireless The data collected will be color changes in the pattern of the connection between the swimwear broadcasted through the internet fabric. However the mechanism will and the internet, the color patterns to other beach-goers to advise them be more direct. The color change is will be directly recognized by a high- about water quality and UV levels in enabled by photochromatic polymer definition beach camera. Through a real time. strips that change color directly recognition algorithm, these images related to the degree of UV. A series will be analyzed and mapped to The data will also be archived for of UV-sensitive polymer strips are produce generalized results that future analysis that affects city already available in the market which indicate the water quality and UV planning decision and policy on water undergo different color changes level of a geographical region. improvement. and possess different degrees of UV sensitivity.

Electrochromatic Polymer Strips for temperature :: color dims when a tiny electric current go through it Electrochromatic Polymer Strips for pH :: color dims when a tiny electric current go through it Electrochromatic Polymer Strips for water quality :: color dims when a tiny electric current go through it

SCG TO RIO DE JANEIRO / R5 / BEACH FASHIONSENSE RIO 2016 59 tourism, governments will have more will have governments tourism, of the quality to improve incentive water. their beach environmental with Collaboration as Greenpeace and activists such Earth would also bringFriends of the and more more volunteers attention to Beach-Fashion-Sense. Most of his works have attempted his works Most of and new tectonic to explore with emergingplanning possibilities and embededtechnologies in architecture andintelligence researches inurbanism, through collective intelligence,digital cities, kinetics, geometryrobotics and algorithm, design scripting, electronicdigital fabrication and prototyping. Otto studied architecture Prior to MIT, Kong. Heat the University of Hong at multiple design also practiced Rogersoffices including Richard + Partners and Foster Partnership structurewhere he specialized in digitaland envelop design through simulations. modeling, scripting and www.ottocad.net OTTO C L NG OTTO Master of ArchitectureOtto Ng is a and a researcher atstudent at MIT Working City Laboratory. SENSEable boundaries, heacross disciplinary design, research andengages in in architecture, urbanconsultation social and science computer planning, network media. focuses onHis academic research - tectonics developing programmable and materiala computational design processesresearch that couples the form generation of parametric and and dynamic material (program) an system (tectonics) - structural approachalternative morphogenetic design. to architectural

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