SYLLABLE FUSION in HONG KONG CANTONESE CONNECTED SPEECH DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Th
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Historical Appraisal
Serial No.: N86 Historic Building Appraisal Old Quarry Site Structures Lei Yue Mun, Kwun Tong, Kowloon Hong Kong has been well favoured with its building stones. The high quality, Historical fine-grained granite was commonly used in construction by the time the island of Interest Hong Kong was taken over by the British in 1841. This situation continued after the British arrival, with quarries stretching along the northern coastline of the Island, ranging from Shek Tong Tsui (䞛⠀) in the western part to Quarry Bay (殪欂㴴) and A Kung Ngan (旧℔ⱑ) in the east. There were many new colonial buildings and structures which, at this date, were rich in local granite. Surviving examples include Flagstaff House and St John’s Cathedral. The general topography of the villages of Lei Yue Mun (歱欂攨), Ngau Tau Kok (䈃柕奺), Sai Cho Wan (勄勱䀋) and Cha Kwo Ling (勞㝄ⵢ) in Kowloon was quite hilly, offering little arable land for crop growing, but they were rich in granite. They were well known for the production of stones, and thus got the name of ‘Si Shan’ (⚃Ⱉ, ‘Four Hills’). The Qing government appointed a ‘Tau Yan’ (柕Ṣ) (headman) in each of the ‘Four Hills’ to manage the quarries. There was a ‘Sze Shan Kung So’ (⚃Ⱉ℔, Communal Hall of Four Hills) to discuss matters relating to stone business. The famous Canton Cathedral (⺋ⶆ䞛⭌) was built with granite cut in the “Four Hills”. The British takeover of Kowloon and the New Territories led to a greater demand of stone for construction. At the time, the more prominent stone-cutting stores in Lei Yue Mun included Tung Li Tong (⎴⇑➪) owned by Ip Wa-shing (叱厗⊅) (1844-1914), Tung Tai Tong (⎴㲘➪) owned by Tsang Lam-on (㚦㜿 ⬱) and Tung Fuk Tong (⎴䤷➪) owned by Ip Fuk (叱䤷). -
CONNECTED SPEECH IPA Symbols Represent the Correct Pronunciation
CONNECTED SPEECH IPA symbols represent the correct pronunciation of single words or segments of speech. However, we use single words or segments in isolation only occasionally. E.g., we can say “ah!” /ɑː/ to express surprise, or “sh!” /ʃ/ if we want to tell somebody to be quiet. Most commonly we use segments of speech or single words in a sequence, to form phrases or sentences. The sound “ah!” /ɑː/, for example, is likely to be found in whole sentences, to express: - surprise (“Ah, there you are!”) - pleasure (“Ah, this coffee is good.”) - admiration or sympathy (“Ah well, better luck next time.”) - when you disagree with somebody (“Ah, but that may not be true.”) In fact, we commonly use language in continuous, connected speech. Connected speech means speech produced without pauses. A consequence of connected speech is that single segments of speech are influenced by neighbouring segments (that is to say, speech sounds that come before and after them), and may slightly change their place or manner of articulation, or may sometimes totally disappear. Therefore the pronunciation of an isolated word may be different from the pronunciation of the same word in connected speech. These changes fall into two main types: assimilation and elision. ASSIMILATION In assimilation, one sound becomes phonetically similar to an adjacent sound. For example, the two words this and shop in isolation are pronounced - this /ðɪs/ - shop /ʃɒp/. In rapid speech, when the two words are pronounced together, the sound /s/ in this is influenced by the following initial sound and changes to /ʃ/. What we actually hear is: - this shop /ðɪʃʃɒp/. -
Safety Data Sheet According to Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 Page 1 of 11
Safety Data Sheet according to Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 Page 1 of 11 sds no. : 153497 V003.2 Loctite 574 Revision: 13.09.2013 printing date: 18.10.2013 SECTION 1: Identification of the substance/mixture and of the company/undertaking 1.1. Product identifier Loctite 574 1.2. Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against Intended use: Anaerobic Sealant 1.3. Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet Henkel Limited 2 Bishop Square Business Park AL109EY Herfordshire Hatfield Great Britain Phone: +44 1606 593933 Fax-no.: +44 1606 863762 [email protected] 1.4. Emergency telephone number 24 Hours Emergency Tel: +44 (0)1442 278497 SECTION 2: Hazards identification 2.1. Classification of the substance or mixture Classification (DPD): Sensitizing R43 May cause sensitisation by skin contact. Dangerous for the environment R52/53 Harmful to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. 2.2. Label elements MSDS-No.: 153497 Loctite 574 Page 2 of 11 V003.2 Label elements (DPD): Xi - Irritant Risk phrases: R43 May cause sensitisation by skin contact. R52/53 Harmful to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. Safety phrases: S23 Do not breathe vapour. S24/25 Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S37 Wear suitable gloves. S51 Use only in well-ventilated areas. S61 Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions/Safety data sheets. Additional labeling: For consumer use only: S2 Keep out of the reach of children S46 If swallowed, seek medical advice immediately and show this container or label. -
The Phonetics-Phonology Interface in Romance Languages José Ignacio Hualde, Ioana Chitoran
Surface sound and underlying structure : The phonetics-phonology interface in Romance languages José Ignacio Hualde, Ioana Chitoran To cite this version: José Ignacio Hualde, Ioana Chitoran. Surface sound and underlying structure : The phonetics- phonology interface in Romance languages. S. Fischer and C. Gabriel. Manual of grammatical interfaces in Romance, 10, Mouton de Gruyter, pp.23-40, 2016, Manuals of Romance Linguistics, 978-3-11-031186-0. hal-01226122 HAL Id: hal-01226122 https://hal-univ-paris.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01226122 Submitted on 24 Dec 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Manual of Grammatical Interfaces in Romance MRL 10 Brought to you by | Université de Paris Mathematiques-Recherche Authenticated | [email protected] Download Date | 11/1/16 3:56 PM Manuals of Romance Linguistics Manuels de linguistique romane Manuali di linguistica romanza Manuales de lingüística románica Edited by Günter Holtus and Fernando Sánchez Miret Volume 10 Brought to you by | Université de Paris Mathematiques-Recherche Authenticated | [email protected] Download Date | 11/1/16 3:56 PM Manual of Grammatical Interfaces in Romance Edited by Susann Fischer and Christoph Gabriel Brought to you by | Université de Paris Mathematiques-Recherche Authenticated | [email protected] Download Date | 11/1/16 3:56 PM ISBN 978-3-11-031178-5 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-031186-0 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-039483-2 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. -
EVALUATING an INSTRUMENT for ASSESSING CONNECTED SPEECH PERFORMANCE USING FACETS ANALYSIS YOON AH SEONG University of Hawai‘I at M Ānoa
EVALUATING AN INSTRUMENT FOR ASSESSING CONNECTED SPEECH PERFORMANCE USING FACETS ANALYSIS YOON AH SEONG University of Hawai‘i at M ānoa ABSTRACT In the area of English pronunciation teaching, connected speech is increasingly being introduced and covered in pronunciation textbooks (e.g., Hagen, 2000; Weinstein, 2001). Connected speech is a phenomenon in spoken language that collectively includes phonological processes such as reduction, elision, intrusion, assimilation, and contraction. Several research studies have shown that connected speech instruction can help learners to more easily comprehend rapid speech used by native speakers (e.g., Brown & Hilferty, 2006; Celce-Murcia, Brinton, & Goodwin, 1996; Matsuzawa, 2006). Moreover, use of connected speech features can make learners sound more comprehensible and natural with less marked foreign accent (Brown & Kondo-Brown, 2006a; Dauer & Browne, 1992). However, compared to the growing connected speech literature regarding what forms to teach and how, there seems to be very little information on how to assess connected speech especially in terms of production. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a new test of connected speech performance within the context of an English study abroad program. The multi-faceted Rasch software FACETS was used to examine the effectiveness of the test instrument. The analyses used data from two administrations, a pretest and a posttest, and examined the relationships between examinee scores and various aspects of the testing situation (i.e., facets). The four facets investigated in this study were: (a) the examinees, (b) items, (c) raters, and (d) the rater L1 background. The results indicated that assessing the production of certain connected speech forms using this type of test instrument has potential. -
Connected Speech in Romanian: Exploring Sound Change Through an ASR System Ioana Chitorana, Ioana Vasilescub, Bianca Vieruc, Lori Lamelb
Connected speech in Romanian: Exploring sound change through an ASR system Ioana Chitorana, Ioana Vasilescub, Bianca Vieruc, Lori Lamelb a Université Paris Diderot and Laboratoire de Phonétique et Phonologie (UMR 7018) b LIMSI CNRS c Vocapia Research Abstract This study explores the hypothesis that traces of sound change can be found in connected speech processes as synchronic variation. To test this hypothesis we study the variation in connected speech through the output of an ASR system (Adda-Decker and Lamel, 1999). The case study is the vowel alternation [e]–[ʌ] after labials, encountered in Romanian historically, as part of a relatively sporadic sound change with unclear conditioning, as well as synchronically, as a phenomenon commonly observed in continuous speech. The specific question we address is whether the synchronic phenomenon in Romanian continuous speech is simply the result of general vowel reduction, or may reflect the sound change, with its apparent sensitivity to a labial consonantal context. We focus on the prepositions [pe] ‘on’ and [de] ‘of’, chosen specifically for their status as function words, more prone to vowel reduction than lexical words. We compare the ASR system’s choice of two transcription variants and their respective contexts. The results of this comparison suggest that the synchronic variation is grounded in the historical sound change, thus motivating a future systematic study of controlled speech, to determine the exact role of segmental contextual factors. The main result is that the selection of transcription variants is significantly different for the two prepositions. This allows us to better understand the conditioning environment of the relevant sound change, and reveals the language-specific articulatory and co-articulatory settings and dynamic patterns that may have led to it, as they emerge and can be observed in continuous speech. -
Standardization of Translation of Rail Transit Public Signs in the Greater Capital Area of Chinese Mainland
ISSN 1712-8056[Print] Canadian Social Science ISSN 1923-6697[Online] Vol. 16, No. 3, 2020, pp. 42-45 www.cscanada.net DOI:10.3968/11624 www.cscanada.org Standardization of Translation of Rail Transit Public Signs in the Greater Capital Area of Chinese Mainland WANG Wei[a],*; ZHOU Weihong[b] [a] School of Interpreting and Translation, Beijing International Studies of China, Beijing is an international and domestic University, Beijing, China. transportation hub and joint efforts are called to lead the [b] Department of College English Education, Beijing City University Beijing, China. integrated innovative development of Beijing-Tianjin- *Corresponding author. Hebei region, unfold its cultural confidence and the image Received 17 November 2019; accepted 9 February 2020 of a big power and make new contributions to the progress Published online 26 March 2020 of the world. Generally speaking, a tram, streetcar or trolley system is a rail-based transit system that runs mainly or Abstract completely along streets (i.e. with street running) , with Based on an empirical study, the present research finds a relatively low capacity and frequent stops. Passengers that the translation of public signs of rail transit systems usually board at street- or curb-level, although low-floor in Beijing and Tianjin lacks unified standard and criteria, trams may allow level boarding. Thus, the current subway which will be incompatible with the international status networks, commuter rail networks, as well as inter- of the region. This paper aims at providing a unified city rail networks in the Chinese capital area (Beijing- translation criterion for the rail transit public signs in light Tianjin-Hebei) belong to rail transit system. -
Gtr Ne25 408.Pdf
Perception of High-density Living in Hong Kong by LAWRENCE H. TRAVERS, assistant professor, State University of New York, College of Arts and Science, Oswego, N. Y. ABSTRACT.-Analysis of the Hong Kong experience of adaptation to urban living can provide insights into some of the problems that can be expected to occur in the rapidly expanding cities of the Third World. Population densities in Hong Kong are among the highest in the world, exceeding 400,000 persons per square mile in parts of Kowloon. Research based upon residence in a worker's dormitory and interviews with workers reveals a variety of adaptive strategies employed by people to cope with the stress of the crowded urban environment. An understanding of the individual's ability to adjust to the stress of high-density living must consider the meaning of density as a concept in the culture in addition to social and cultural norms. DESPITEDECADES OF CONCERN informal conversations with many of the about the possible effects of high residents, and through structured inter- living densities upon human behavior, views with cooperative individuals. we know very little about mankind's ability to adapt to crowded conditions. ACTUAL POPULATION DENSITIES Fears persist that the presence of a be- Densities in Hong Kong are among havioral sink among rat populations the highest in the world. In 1971 the forced to live in very crowded quarters Mongkok area in Kowloon had a density (Calhoun 1962) might have a correlate of 154,677 persons per square kilometer in human populations. Perhaps rather (or 400,612 persons per square mile) than simply observing human behavior which is almost five times the living den- in dense conditions, we might more sity of Manhattan Island (H. -
Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Sep-2018
WWF - DDC Location Plan Sep-2018 Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun 1 2 Team A King Man Street, Sai Kung (Near Sai Kung Library) Day-Off Team B Chong Yip Shopping Centre Chong Yip Shopping Centre Team C Quarry Bay MTR Station Exit B Bridge Quarry Bay MTR Station Exit B Bridge Team D Tsim Sha Tsui East (Near footbridge) Tsim Sha Tsui East (Near footbridge) Team E Citic Tower, Admiralty (Near footbridge) Citic Tower, Admiralty (Near footbridge) Team F Wanchai Sports Centre (Near footbridge) Wanchai Sports Centre (Near footbridge) Team G Kwai Hing MTR Station (Near footbridge) Kwai Hing MTR Station (Near footbridge) Team H Mong Kok East MTR Station Mong Kok East MTR Station Team I V City, Tuen Mun V City, Tuen Mun Team J Ngau Tau Kok MTR Exit B (Near tunnel) Ngau Tau Kok MTR Exit B (Near tunnel) Team K Kwun Chung Sports Centre Kwun Chung Sports Centre Team L Tai Yau Building, Wan Chai Tai Yau Building, Wan Chai Team M Hiu Kwong Street Sports Centre, Kwun Tong Hiu Kwong Street Sports Centre, Kwun Tong Team N Tiu Keng Leng MTR Station Exit B Tiu Keng Leng MTR Station Exit B Team O Lockhart Road Public Library, Wan Chai Lockhart Road Public Library, Wan Chai Team P Leighton Centre, Causeway Bay Leighton Centre, Causeway Bay Team Q AIA Tower, Fortress Hill AIA Tower, Fortress Hill Team R Chai Wan Sports Centre Front door Chai Wan Sports Centre Front door Team S 21 Shan Mei Street, Fo Tan 21 Shan Mei Street, Fo Tan 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Cheung Sha Wan Road (near Cheung Sha Wan Tsing Hoi Circuit, Tuen Mun Team A Russell Street, Causeway Bay Castle Peak Road, -
The Reconstruction of Proto-Yue Vowels
W O R K I N G P A P E R S I N L I N G U I S T I C S The notes and articles in this series are progress reports on work being carried on by students and faculty in the Department. Because these papers are not finished products, readers are asked not to cite from them without noting their preliminary nature. The authors welcome any comments and suggestions that readers might offer. Volume 40(2) 2009 (March) DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I AT MĀNOA HONOLULU 96822 An Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Institution WORKING PAPERS IN LINGUISTICS: UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I AT MĀNOA, VOL. 40(2) DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS FACULTY 2009 Victoria B. Anderson Byron W. Bender (Emeritus) Benjamin Bergen Derek Bickerton (Emeritus) Robert A. Blust Robert L. Cheng (Adjunct) Kenneth W. Cook (Adjunct) Kamil Ud Deen Patricia J. Donegan (Co-Graduate Chair) Emanuel J. Drechsel (Adjunct) Michael L. Forman (Emeritus) George W. Grace (Emeritus) John H. Haig (Adjunct) Roderick A. Jacobs (Emeritus) Paul Lassettre P. Gregory Lee Patricia A. Lee Howard P. McKaughan (Emeritus) William O’Grady (Chair) Yuko Otsuka Ann Marie Peters (Emeritus, Co-Graduate Chair) Kenneth L. Rehg Lawrence A. Reid (Emeritus) Amy J. Schafer Albert J. Schütz, (Emeritus, Editor) Ho Min Sohn (Adjunct) Nicholas Thieberger Laurence C. Thompson (Emeritus) ii A RECONSTRUCTION OF PROTO-YUE VOWELS KAREN HUANG This paper presents an alternative reconstruction of Proto-Yue vowels in the literary stratum. Opposed to previous studies, the rhyme categories are not considered. I analyze the literary stratum of eighteen Yue dialects and reconstruct the vowel system based on the comparative method. -
Language Specific Peculiarities Document for Cantonese As
Language Specific Peculiarities Document for Cantonese as Spoken in the Guangdong and Guangxi Provinces of China 1. Dialects The name "Cantonese" is used either for all of the language varieties spoken in specific regions in the Guangdong and Guangxi Provinces of China and Hong Kong (i.e., the Yue dialects of Chinese), or as one particular variety referred to as the "Guangfu group" (Bauer & Benedict 1997). In instances where Cantonese is described as 'Cantonese "proper"' (i.e. used in the narrower sense), it refers to a variety of Cantonese that is spoken in the capital cities Guangzhou and Nanning, as well as in Hong Kong and Macau. This database includes Cantonese as spoken in the Guangdong and Guangxi Provinces of China only (i.e. not in Hong Kong); five dialect groups have been defined for Cantonese (see the following table)1. Three general principles have been used in defining these dialect groupings: (i) phonological variation, (ii) geographical variation, and (iii) lexical variation. With relation to phonological variation, although Cantonese is spoken in all of the regions listed in the table, there are differences in pronunciation. Differences in geographic locations also correlate with variations in lexical choice. Cultural differences are also correlated with linguistic differences, particularly in lexical choices. Area Cities (examples) Central Guangzhou, Conghua, Fogang (Shijiao), Guangdong Longmen, Zengcheng, Huaxian Group Northern Shaoguan, Qijiang, Lian Xian, Liannan, Guangdong Yangshan, Yingde, Taiping Group Northern -
Chinese Zodiac Animals Trail #Cnysunderland2021
Chinese Zodiac Animals Trail #CNYSunderland2021 Find out amazing facts about the 12 animals of the Chinese Zodiac and try some fun animal actions. 12th February 2021 is the start of the Year of the Ox, but how were the animals chosen and in which order do they follow each other? Find out more….. How did the years get their names? A long time ago in China, the gods decided that they wanted to name the years after animals. They chose twelve animals – dragon, tiger, horse, snake, pig, cockerel, rat, rabbit, goat, dog, ox and monkey. All of these wanted the first year to be named after them as they all thought themselves to be the most important. Can you imagine the noise when they were arguing? They made so much noise that they woke up the gods. After listening to all their arguments the gods decided to settle the matter by holding a race across a wide river. The years would be named according to the order in which the animals finished the race. The animals were very excited. They all believed that they would win – although the pig wasn’t quite so sure. During the race there were many changes in position, with different animals taking the lead. As they approached the river bank ox was in the lead with rat a very close second. Rat was determined to win but he was getting very tired. He had to think quickly. He managed to catch the ox’s tail and from there he climbed onto his back. Ox could see that he was winning but just as he was about to touch the bank, rat jumped over his head and landed on dry land.