Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine &

Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET

Annual Report 2017

PET 1991 Scanditronix 32 MeV, 1991 GE4096 PET Scanner – – 25 1993 NMR Spectrometer years anniversary 1993 PET Advance Scanner

June, 21st 1992-2017 2001 PET/CT Scanner

2005 PET/CT Scanner

2005 Cyclotron 2

The most grateful 2007 HRRT Scanner thank you to 2009 Radiochemistry Synthesizer the John and Birthe Meyer Foundation 2011 PET/MR Scanner

2017 PET/CT Scanner

Rigshospitalet · University of Copenhagen Contents

Preface...... 2 Mission and objectives...... 4 Organisation and staff 2017...... 6 Highlights 2017...... 10 Medical secretaries...... 12 The KF Section ...... 14 Water damages...... 16 Inauguration of new professor...... 19 The Glostrup Section...... 20 Rigshospitalet Paediatric Nuclear Medicine...... 22 King Frederik V founded Rigshospitalet in 1757. Today it has app. 1,400 beds and 12,000 employees. Cardiac 82Rb-PET/CT ...... 25 Research at Rigshospitalet is published in more than 2,000 peer review papers per year, including Education 2017...... 26 higher academic theses (PhD and Doctor of Medical Science). Rigshospitalet is part of The Capital Nuclear medicine technologists, radiographers and lab technicians...... 29 Region of Denmark and is a Copenhagen University Hospital. 25 years anniversary for PET at Rigshospitalet...... 34 Neuro PET...... 41 Glostrup Hospital MR Imaging of the brain...... 43 Glostrup Hospital were established in 1958, and 1st of January 2015 Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej and PET/MR...... 44 Glostrup Hospital were unified as Rigshospitalet. PET and PET hybrid systems ...... 46 Equipment 2017...... 49 University of Copenhagen Cyclotron Section...... 51 The University of Copenhagen was founded in 1479. The Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences has Radiochemistry Section...... 55 10,000 students, including medicine and bioengineering in collaboration with The Technical University Academic and other activities...... 58 of Denmark, DTU. The University of Copenhagen is member of IARU, the International Alliance of Studies 2017...... 62 Research Universities and LERU, League of the European Research Universities. www.ku.dk Finance...... 65 Publications...... 66 Cluster for Molecular Imaging...... 74 Research...... 78 Collaboration with Landssygehuset, Faroe Islands...... 84 Neurobiology Research Unit...... 86 MSc in Medicine and Technology...... 88 Danish National Research Foundation...... 91 Preface

2017 was a special year. Rigshospitalet had imple- and festive reception. The day was special as the whole KF Section was in a state of emergency, for your effort and all the work spent to secure water started to leak in the small tunnel between We would like to convey a warm thank you to mented the new EPIC (electronic patient record) Foundation graced us with a donation for a new as patients had to be taken care of in spite of the that the section was guided successfully through the Finsen 1 and Finsen 2 buildings in PET, we everyone in the department for the great effort. in December 2016, and the first half year of 2017 digital PET/CT scanner. We are immensely grate- catastrophes. We would like to say a warm thank these difficult waters. all started to cry, as it was the 5th time with water was an uphill struggle both for the clinicians and ful for the confidence and support throughout the you to everyone in the KF Section and in the other damage in the year 2017. Now it all seems to be Thank you to our directors at the Center of Diag- for us in the Department of Clinical Physiology, last 25 years. It has been a privilege for us, and parts of the department; as help was provided In summer we performed a rebuilding of the renovated, and we will hopefully not experience nostics, Rigshospitalet, Center Director Bettina Nuclear Medicine & PET. In the end of 2017 the we are deeply grateful. Without the support from from everyone to try to alleviate the situation. In Cyclotron Section with new chimney and new anything like this ever again. Lundgren and Vice Director Lene Ørnstrup and production and patient flow was up on normal The John and Birthe Meyer Foundation we had spite of the uphill battle we succeeded in taking facilities for ventilation and cleaning of the outlet their team for important, positive and helpful level again, and the last months of the year have not been able to achieve our results for patient care of the patients almost without creating a from our production. It was a big project with new In spite of the tremendously difficult year the collaboration. Thank you to Department of Radi- been very busy. treatment, research and education. So from all waiting list. We owe everyone the greatest, warm- renovation and building. annual electronic surveyance of staff satisfaction ology, Head of Department Ilse Vejborg and Chief of us in the department: A big thank you to the est and most respectful thank you. showed to our surprise, that on average the whole Radiographer Johnny Madelung. We appreciate In 2017 we had a special happy occasion, as we foundation. Thank you very much to the Service Center in staff of approximately 250 employees is happy and the positive collaboration very much. celebrated the 25 years anniversary of the first PET Our long term Head of the KF Section, Consultant the hospital for helping us with the project and a satisfied working in our department. We would Thank you to all staff, collaborators and interna- Center in Denmark here at Rigshospitalet. PET 2017 was in other aspects a very tough year. In Jann Mortensen was appointed professor the 1th of special warm thank you to Cyclotron Chief Holger like to express our greatest admiration and re- tional colleagues for making this possible. was established by a large donation from the John April 2017 a large water damage over the April 2017 and therefore he stepped down as sec- Jensen for handling the project so professionally. spect to everyone, as it has been a true challenge and Birthe Meyer Foundation in 1991 with Cyclo- SPECT/CT scanner in KF 4011 flooded the whole tion leader to take up the position as professor. A Unfortunately the builders who took care of the to work here in 2017. Our aim is to deliver the best patient treatment tron, Radiochemistry facility and PET scanner. It department. The scanner was totally destroyed, warm thank you to Jann Mortensen for leadership practical work had forgotten to remember, that and the best research and education. was opened in 1992 by Chair of the Board Birthe and floors and walls all over the department had of the section in 14 years. Consultant Lotte Hahn sometimes it rains very heavily in Denmark in sum- The research in 2017 was performed succesfully Meyer, Board Member Gitte Meyer Brandt, Hen- to be renovated and exchanged throughout the Enevoldsen was appointed new section leader mer. We had water damage in the Cyclotron facil- in spite of the challenges, and the new uPAR and rik Meyer and Director of the foundation Søren next 6 months. Believe it or not, the same type from the 1th of April 2017. It was a huge challenge ities and Radiochemistry labs due to flooding of RGD trials in patients with “first-in-man trials” Drost-Nissen. Here in 2017 we celebrated the 25 of accident happened 2 weeks after with a water to take over the new position in this state of emer- the digits around the buildings. It was renovated in with new radiopharmaceuticals were carried out. years anniversary on the 21th of June 2017, and hose leaking in the Department of Radiology on gency due to the water damage and crisis situa- some weeks due to a helpful effort from everyone. again the Meyer Foundation graced us with their the 2nd floor, and it flooded the whole unit tion. A warm thank you to Lotte Hahn Enevoldsen In 2017 we published 149 publications, 5 PhD and presence; Birthe Meyer, Gitte Meyer Brandt and KF 4114, where water was leaking out of the ceal- for handling it so professionally and with great In the fall of 2017 a drain of the patient toilet in DMSc theses, 2 patents, as in the previous years in Linda M. Kragh Liselotte Højgaard Søren Drost-Nissen. It was a wonderful and very ing and the walls. Renovation also in this section enthusiasm and good spirit together with Staff the waiting area for PET leaked, and for the next collaboration with international partners in Chief Technologist Professor, Head of Department happy day, and we celebrated with a symposium was ongoing for the same 6 month period. So the Technologist Birgit Krindel Beyer. We are grateful 4 month this area was under renovation. When Europe, US and China.

2 department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet 3 Mission and objectives

The mission and objectives of the Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET are:

33 to provide optimal clinical physiology and nuclear medicine for patient investigations and patient treatment with radiopharmaceuticals 33 to carry out research at the highest international level in clinical physiology and nuclear medicine with special emphasis on molecular imaging, isotopes and radiopharmaceuticals 33 to deliver undergraduate and postgraduate education for all relevant professionals nationally and internationally 33 to provide a good patient experience with emphasis on quality and patient security and ensure wellbeing of patients, relatives and staff.

We aim high – we strive to be one of the five best departments in our field worldwide before 2020.

department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet 5 Organisation and staff 2017 Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET

Head of Department, Chief Nuclear Abrahamsen, Nynne Hejdemann, Technologist. Boldt, Tina Louise, Student. de Nijs, Robin Vedel, Medical Physicist, MSc, PDEng, Professor, MD, Medicine Abrahamsson, Elisabeth, Radiographer. Borgwardt, Lise, MD, PhD, Consultant. PhD. DMSc Technologist Liselotte Højgaard Linda Kragh Aggergaard, Amalie, Student. Brakti, Inna, Student. Dejanovic, Danijela, MD, Staff Specialist. Agner, Elissaveta Castella, Radiographer. Brandt, Patrick Krøll, Student. Denholt, Charlotte Lund, MSc, PhD, Chemist. Ahmadi, Amir, Radiographer. Brandt-Larsen, Malene, MSc, PhD, Chemist. Do, Manh Tan, Student. Albers, Mia C. Hjorth, Teaching Technologist. Brittain, Jane Maestri, MD, Senior Registrar. Dunbar, Douglas, Technologist. Chief Physicist Professor, Consultant, MD, Albrecht-Beste, Elisabeth, MD, Consultant. Brun, Frederik Jager, Student. Dähnhardt, Andreas, System Administrator. Thomas Levin DMSc, PhD, MBA Klausen Allerslev, Kathrine Bøwig, Radiographer. Børresen, Betina, DVM, PhD student. Døssing, Kristina Benedikte Vangsted, MSc Biology, Andreas Kjær Alslev, Louise, MD, Staff Specialist. Bærentsen, Christian Ørtoft, Student. PhD Student. Al-Tai, Reya Tarik Hamid, Technologist. Bærentzen, Anne-Sophie Sparresø, Student. Edem, Patricia Edim, MSc Chem., PhD, Postdoc. Amtoft, Annemarie Gjelstrup, MD, Consultant. Calvo, Oriol Puig, PhD Student. Eldirdiri, Abubakr, MSc Tech., Research Assistant. Head Medical Anderberg, Lasse, Research Fellow. Cappelen, Katrine Louise, Engineer. Elkington, Sakeena, Technologist. Secretary Andersen, Flemming Littrup, MSc, PhD, Computer Carlsen, Esben Andreas, MD, PhD Student. Pollmann, Sofie Ellebæk, MSc Biotech., PhD Student. Vibeke Rønn Scientist. Chehri, Sarah, Scholarship. Ellegaard, Andreas Høyby, Student. Andersen, Jane, Technologist. Choudry, Aisha Bilal, Student. Enevoldsen, Lotte Hahn, MD, Consultant. Andersen, Julie Bjerglund, MD, PhD, Registrar. Christensen, Anders, MD, PhD Student. Eschen, Christian, Student. Andersen, Kim Francis, MD, Consultant. Christensen, Camilla, Chemist. Federspiel, Marianne, Technologist. Andersen, Ulrik Bjørn, MD, Consultant. Christensen, Camilla, Technologist, Clinical Tutor. Fischer, Barbara Malene, MD, DMSc, PhD, Glostrup Section KF Section WholebodyCounter PET Section Cyclotron Radiochemistry André, Cecilie Dura, Student. Christensen, Esben, MSc Bio.Med., PhD student. Consultant. Section Section Anthony, Erwin Jørry, Cyclotron Technician. Christensen, Jan Damgaard, Cyclotron Technician. Fliedner, Frederikke Petrine, MSc Biotech., Asmar, Ali, MD, Registrar. Christensen, Line-Marie Neumann, Student. PhD Student. Section Head, Chief Awwal, Zara Amalie Krog, Radiographer. Christensen, Thomas Emil, MD, PhD Student. Foldager, Annette, Teaching Technologist. Section Head, Section Head, Cyclotron Chief Consultant Cyclotron Chief Radiochemist , Azizi, Nadia, Radiographer. Christensen, Tine Nøhr, MD, PhD Student. Folkmann, Nanna Freja, Secretary. Consultant Consultant Holger Jensen Holger Jensen Production Annika Loft Manager Clausen, Malene Martini, MD, PhD, Postdoc. Fosbøl, Marie Øbro, MD, PhD Student. Peter Hovind Lotte Hahn Barløse, Mads Christian Johannes, MD, Registrar. Enevoldsen Jakobsen Jacob Madsen Bashir, Asma, Clinical Assistant. Clausen, Anne Skovsbo, DVM, PhD Student. Frederiksen, Mette Helene Borggreen, Quality Bay, Emma Therese, Student. Clemmensen, Andreas Ettrup, MSc Med.Tech., Coordinator. Sta Sta Consultant Sta Assistant Chief Bendtzon, Camilla Kuhre Vildrik, Medical Secretary. PhD Student. Fredskil, Niels Ungermann, Student. Technologist Technologist Technologist Cyclotron Chief Radiochemist Bentsen, Simon, MD, PhD Student. Cortsen, Annette, Technologist. Frost, Nadia, Student. LisLarsen Birgit Krindel Peter Oturai Kate Pedersen Jesper Jørgensen NicGillings Beyer Benzon, Eric von, MD, Consultant. Cramer, Stig Præstekjær, MD, PhD, Postdoc. Frydendahl, Christina Schjøth, MSc Chem, PhD, Berthelsen, Anne Kiil, MD, Consultant. Cucchi, Francesca, MD, Registrar. Postdoc. Chief Nuclear Beyer, Birgit Krindel, Staff Technologist. Dahan, Daniel, Cyclotron Technician. Gelle, Liibaan Mohamed, Technologist. Sta Medicin Technologist Binderup, Tina, MSc Human Biology, PhD, Postdoc. Dall, Bente, Technologist. Ghotbi, Adam Ali, MD, PhD Student. Technologist Anne Sørensen Birch, Kirsten Junker, Technologist. Dalgaard, Maya Ottilia, Student. Gillings, Nic, MSc, PhD, Chief Radiochemist. Linda M. Kragh Bisgaard, Sissel, MSc Med.Tech., Research Assistant. Dalsgaard, Birthe Hunnerup, Technologist. Ginsborg, Lone Agervold, Medical Secretary. Bjørling, Nina Louise, Medical Secretary. Damgaard, Jeannette, Radiographer. Grunwald, Nicolas Konrad Voigt, Student. Bobruk, Daniel Abdulla, Student. Damm, Kristina, Secretary. Gudmundsdóttir, Edda Rós, Technologist.

6 department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet 7

Organisation and Staff 2017

Gutt, Lars Emil, Student. Iljazovska, Cejlan Zulfovska, Technologist. Kjær, Andreas, MD, DMSc, PhD, MBA, Consultant, Lænkholm, Isak Trap, Student. Oturai, Peter, MD, Consultant. Simonsen, Helle Juhl, Technologist. Haddock, Bryan Thomas, Chief Physicist. Jakobsen, Annika Loft, MD, PhD, Consultant. Professor. Lærke, Sonja Pedersen, Lab Technician. Oxbøl, Jytte, Technologist, Lab. Manager. Skovgaard, Dorthe Charlotte, MD, PhD, Postdoc. Hag, Anne Mette Fisker, MSc Human Biology, PhD, Jakobsen, Josefine Amalie Loft, Student. Kjær, Kristian Skov, Student. Löfgren, Johan, MD, Consultant. Pedersen, Kate, Staff Technologist. Slipsager, Jakob Mølkjær, Student. Postdoc, Research Coordinator. Jakobsen, Mette Høy, Human Biology, PhD Student. Klausen, Thomas Levin, MSc, Chief Physicist. Madsen, Jacob, MSc, PhD, Chemist, Chief Production Pedersen, Kirsten Foldberg, Radiographer. Sommer, Niyan, Technologist. Handreck, Emilia Trolle, Student. Jensen, Berit, Technologist. Klavsen, Mads Fjelbro, Engineer. Manager. Pedersen, Sune Folke, MSc Human Biology, PhD, Stahlfest, Marianne, Medical Secretary. Hanel, Birgitte, Technologist. Jensen, Holger, MSc, PhD, Chief Cyclotron Physicist. Knigge, Pauline Natalie Seindal, Student. Madsen, Karine, MD, Registrar. Postdoc. Stahr, Karin, Technologist. Hansen, Adam Espe, Physicist. Jensen, Julie Milbak, Student. Knudsen, Camilla Sloth, Technologist. Magnusson, Linda Helena Margaretha, Pejtersen, Maria, Technologist. Stavnsbjerg, Camilla, MSc Mol.Bio.Med., PhD student. Hansen, Anders Elias, DVM, PhD, Postdoc. Jensen, Kim Ryder, Technologist. Knudsen, Lisbet Lomholdt, Consultant. Technologist. Petersen, Ida Nymann, MSc, Chemist, PhD, Postdoc. Strandberg, Sandra, Student. Hansen, Anja Vallin, Technologist, Clinical Instructor. Jensen, Mads Radmer, Registrar. Korsholm, Kirsten, MD, Senior Registrar. Marner, Lisbeth, MD, DMSc, PhD, Staff Specialist. Petersen, Lars Ringgaard, MSc Bio.Med., Suetta, Charlotte Arneboe, MD, PhD, Consultant, Hansen, Camilla Josephine Teglgaard, Technologist. Jensen, Martin Juul Ravn, Technologist, Clinical Tutor. Kragh, Linda M., Chief Technologist. Martín, Marina Simón, MSc Mol.Bio.Med., Research PhD Student Ass. Professor. Hansen, Caroline Lind Hansen, Technologist. Jensen, Mette Munk, MSc Human Biology, PhD, Krarup, Marie Manon Krebs, Student. Assistant Petersen, Lotte Pia, Service Assistant. Sunde, Christine Høj, Technologist. Hansen, Casper, Student. Postdoc. Kristensen, Anna Warncke, Student. Mehlsen, Anne-Birgitte, MD, Consultant. Petersen, Rikke Juelsgaard, Scholarship. Svalling, Susanne, Technologist. Hansen, Christian, Student. Jensen, Michael Lundemann, Engineer. Kristensen, Lotte Kellemann, MSc Human Biology, Mikkelsen, Henny, Technologist. Philipsen, Frederik Ersø, Student. Svane, Peter Frederiksen, Clinical Assistant. Hansen, Helena, Student. Jensen, Vibeke, Technologist. PhD Student Mikkelsen, Mathias, Student. Poulsen, Constance Eline Grandjean, MSc Pharm., Svendsen, Nini Hvidtfeldt, Technologist. Hansen, Joachim Pries, Student. Jeppesen, Troels Elmer, MSc Chem, PhD Student. Ladefoged, Claes Nøhr, Computer Scientist, Mohebbi, Ali, Student. Research Assistant Sørensen, Anne, Staff Technologist. Hansen, Matilde Bro, Student. Johannesen, Helle Hjorth, MD, Consultant. PhD Student. Mollerup, Birgit Lilian, Technologist. Poulsen, Jákup Martin, Radiographer. Sørensen, Jette Bitten, Service Assistant Hansen, Michele Zaugg, Student. Johannesson, Rasmus Skov, Student. Langer, Jonathan Andreas Wang, Student. Morsing, Anni, MD, Consultant, PhD, DMSc. Poulsen, Sidsel Højklint, Student. Sørensen, Louise Sørup Lendorf, Technologist. Hansen, Ole Michael Raun, Technologist. Juel, Merri Ingrid Rothaus, Technologist. Larsen, Bjarke Follin, MSc Ind.Med., PhD Student. Mortensen, Jann, MD, DMSc, Consultant, Raghava, Jayachandra Mitta, MSc Biology, Postdoc. Sørensen, Mathias Munkholm, MD, Registrar. Hansen, Sofie Lindskov, Physicist. Juhl, Karina, MSc Human Biology, PhD Student. Larsen, Lis, Staff Technologist. Professor. Rasmussen, Gregers Brünnich Damgaard, MD, Saaie, Hanan Rahim, Technologist. Hasbak, Philip, MD, DMSc, Consultant. Juul, Mark Uhrskov, MSc Med.Tech., Research Larsen, Lena Tina, Animal Technologist. Mottelson, Mathis Nygaard, Student. PhD Student. Tayyab, Mahvish, Technologist. Hassan, Mariam, Technologist. Assistant. Larsen, Mads Rud, Student. Munch, Mette, Lab Technician. Rasmussen,Thomas, MD, PhD, Postdoc. Teksen, Alime Sema, Student. Haarbye, Martin Christian, Technologist. Jørgensen, David, Student. Larsen, Mette Fabiansen, Medical Secretary. Myschetzky, Rebecca Sue Main, Technologist. Ravnborg, Nanna, Student. Toft, Cecilie Grønkær, Student. Henriksen, Frederikke Hurup, Medical Secretary. Jørgensen, Henriette Schjørring, MSc Mol.Bio.Med., Larsen, Trine Bjørnbo, MSc Pharm Tech, Mølvig, Bjørn Hübschmann, Student. Reichkendler, Michala, MD, Staff Specialist. Tolstrup, Britt Maria Jæger, Radiographer. Henriksen, Otto Mølby, MD, PhD, Consultant. Research Assistant. PhD Student. Nielsen, Anders Bo, Student. Ripa, Rasmus Sejersten, MD, DMSc, Staff Specialist. Tornvig, Cecilie Maja, Technologist. Hercman, Alexandra Regina Nowacka, Technologist. Jørgensen, Jennifer Solgaard, MSc Engineer Larsson, Henrik Bo Wiberg, MD, DMSc, Consultant, Nielsen, Carsten Haagen, MSc Med.Tech., PhD, Postdoc. Risør, Louise Madeleine, MD, PhD Student. Uzer, Sefika, Technologist. Hindsholm, Amalie Monberg. BioTech., PhD Student. Professor. Nielsen, Cora Schaumann, Technologist. Rostrup, Egill, MD, DMSc, Consultant. Vestergaard, Mark Bitsch, Postdoc. PhD Student. Hokland, Sigbjørn Christian, Student. Jørgensen, Jesper, MSc, Cyclotron Physicist. Law, Ian, MD, PhD, Consultant, Professor. Nielsen, Kasper With, Animal Technologist. Rusborg, Rebecca Borum, Student. Vignisdottir, Lilja Dögg, Radiographer. Holm, Stine, Technologist. Jørgensen, Jesper Tranekjær, MSc Hum. Biology, Lehel, Szabolcs, MSc Chemistry, PhD., Chemist. Nielsen, Kirstine Terese, Student. Rønbirk, Lilian, Medical Secretary. Vilmar-Knudsen, Hanne, Medical Secretary. Holm, Søren, MSc, PhD, Senior Physicist. PhD, Postdoc. Lejre, Daniel, Student. Nielsen, Mariane, Service Assistant. Rønn, Vibeke, Head Medical Secretary, PA Professor Vu, Katja Cat Trang, Student. Holten, Victoria, Student. Jørgensen, Mads Wissenberg, Registrar. Lind, Camilla Louise Nordvig, Technologist. Nielsen, Susanne Weile, Technologist. Liselotte Højgaard. Wehn, Pernille, Technologist. Holtz, Simon Herken, MSc Molecular Biology, Jørgensen, Mette Møller, Technologist. Lindberg, Ulrich, MSc Med.Tech, PhD., Engineer. Nielsen, Tina Vikmann, Medical Secretary. Sadikovic, Edin, Student. Weihrauch, Per, Cyclotron Technician. QA Academic. Jæhger, Ditte Elisabeth, MSc Human Biology, Lindell, Elin, Technologist, Clinical Tutor. Nyrnberg, David Enslev, Student. Salihu, Armend, Technologist. Wikke, Tina, Technologist. Hovind, Peter, MD, DMSc, Consultant. PhD Student. Linnet, Simone, Student. Nørgaard, Martin, Engineer. Sammour, Razan Abu, Technologist. Witt, Mette Neiegaard, MSc Human Biology, Hübbe, Mie Linder, MSc Human Biology, Kaijer, Michelle Westergaard, Technologist, Linnet, Solveig, Technologist. Nørregaard, Kamilla, MSc Physicist, PhD, Postdoc. Saxtoft, Eunice, Technologist, Technologist, PhD Student. PhD Student. PA Professor Andreas Kjær. Ljunggren, Anna, Technologist. Nørst, Tim Niclas, Technologist. Clinical Tutor. Wittekind, Anne-Mette Nielsen, QA Pharmacist. Hurry, Preetee Kapisha, MD, Senior Registrar. Karnov, Kirstine, MD, PhD Student. Ludvig, Helle, Technologist. Olesen, Oline Vinter, MSc Engineer, PhD. Schulze, Christina, Technologist. Wittrup, Charlotte, Student. Høgh, Julie, Student. Keller, Sune Høgild, MSc, PhD, Computer Scientist. Lundberg, Helena Inez Sofia, MD, Registrar. Olin, Anders. Student. Segur, Liva, Student. Yesefi, Leila, Technologist. Højgaard, Liselotte, MD, DMSc, Professor, Khare, Harshvardhan Ajay, Student. Lundsgaard, Christoffer Cramer, Student. Olsen, Ingrid Marie Holst, MD, PhD, Postdoc. Semitoje, Gudrun, Medical Secretary. Aagaard, Christina Byrne Faurholt, MD, Head of Department. Kjems, Ida, Service Assistant. Lykkegaard, Magnus Rønne, Student. Olsen, Paw Winther, Engineer. Setterberg, Victoria, Technologist. PhD Student.

8 department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet 9 Highlights 2017

The PET 25 years anniversary was celebrated on the 21th of June 2017, where the board of The John and Birthe Meyer Foundation, Birthe Meyer, Gitte Meyer Brandt and Director Søren Drost- Nissen graced us with their presence. It was a Consultant and Head highlight of the many of the Nuclear Medicine Head of Department, years and a wonderful Paediatric Section was awarded Professor Liselotte occasion. by the American Society of Nuclear Højgaard published Medicine with the Butterfly Award as a the book: “How do we obtain recognition of her international work to reduce the best health care system in the doses to paediatric patients. world?” as input to the debate about the current Head of status of the hospitals in Denmark. The book was Department, sold out, and the first edition has been reported Professor Liselotte in the medias and all the big Danish newspapers. Højgaard was graced with a A debate has been ongoing since. We hope it Knighthood of the 1st grade by will strengthen patient treatment, research and Her Majesty the Queen on the education in the Danish hospitals. 13th of November 2017.

In 2017 Professor Andreas Kjær as project leader received the prestigious Grand Solutions grant from Innovation Fund Denmark for the project Fluoguide. The project aims at developing molecular optical Jann Mortensen was inaugurated as At the annual education day in November 2017, imaging for guiding cancer surgeons to ensure professor on the 25th of August 2017. the theme for the evening was the 1970’ies. more gentle surgery with better outcome. The project is We are proud of his achievements. a multipartner, private-public collaboration.

10 department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet 11 Medical secretaries

In the department we have highly competent Vilmar-Knudsen, Lilian Rønbirk, Lone Agervold medical secretaries important for referral of Ginsborg, Marianne Stahlfest, Mette Fabiansen patients, organisation of the flow of patients Larsen, Kristina Damm, Nina Bjørling, Frede- through the department, writing the reports and rikke Hurup Henriksen, Camilla Kuhre Vildrik sending them to the clinical departments. They Bendtzon and Nanna Folkmann. do a dedicated effort, and we have no waiting lists for patients or reports. The medical secretaries Our Head Medical Secretary Vibeke Rønn is as- master the complicated booking and secure that sistant to the management of the department and the waiting lists, the patient control exami- also a great help in the daily work, when needed. nations and research scans can be done in spite of a high work load. A dedicated thank you to We would like to say a warm thank you to every- Tina Vikmann Nielsen, Gudrun Semitoje, Hanne one for the high quality and performance.

12 department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet KF Section

Section Head, Consultant Lotte Hahn Enevoldsen

The KF Section offers a variety of nuclear medi- neuroendocrine tumors, thyroid diseases, adrenal cine and clinical physiological examinations of diseases, cardiac diseases, lung diseases, and pae- both routine patients and also for many research diatric oncology with our clinical colleagues. investigations in a broad spectrum of disciplines. In addition to nuclear medicine diagnostics the In April 2017 an extensive water damage due to a section also comprises radionuclide therapy of ruptured pipe over one of the SPECT/CT scanners patients with neuroendocrine tumors (177Lu- in KF 4011 and 2 weeks later another large water Dotatate), patients with castration resistant prostate damage due to a leaking water pipe resulted in cancer and symptomatic bone metastases (223Ra) that the section was flooded. As a consequence and patients with benign thyroid diseases several examination rooms and offices were (131I-Iodine). closed and most of the section had to be totally renovated. Fortunately, at the end of 2017 a new We participate in various weekly and monthly SPECT/CT scanner was successfully installed and multidisciplinary team conferences discussing the renovation of the section was completed.

14 department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet Water damages

2017 was in other aspects a very tough year. In catastrophes. In summer we had water damage in April 2017 a large water damage over the the Cyclotron facilities and Radiochemistry labs SPECT/CT scanner in KF 4011 flooded the whole due to flooding of the digits around the buildings. department. The scanner was totally destroyed, It was renovated in some weeks due to a helpful and floors and walls all over the department had effort from everyone. to be renovated and exchanged throughout the next 6 months. Believe it or not, the same type In the fall of 2017 a drain of the patient toilet in of accident happened 2 weeks after with a water the waiting area for PET leaked, and for the next hose leaking in the Department of Radiology on 4 month this area was under renovation. When the 2nd floor, and it flooded the whole unit water started to leak in the small tunnel between KF 4114, where water was leaking out of cealing the Finsen 1 and Finsen 2 buildings in PET, we and the walls. Renovation also in this section all started to cry, as it was the 5th time with water was ongoing for the same 6 month period. So the damage in the year 2017. Now it all seems to be whole KF Section was in a state of emergency, renovated, and we will hopefully not experience as patients had to be taken care of in spite of the anything like this ever again.

16 department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet 17 Inauguration of new professor

Professor Jann Mortensen gave his Inaugural Lec- Jann Mortensen’s special area is lung physiology ture the 25th of August 2017 as clinical professor and pathophysiology, functional and diagnostic at the University of Copenhagen, Department imaging of lung diseases and also theranostics, of Clinical Medicine and Department of Clinical including radium for prostate cancer. Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET. Jann Mortensen had been section leader Nuclear Med- Congratulations to Jann Mortensen with the new icine and consultant at the department for long. professorship from all of us in the Department of It was with great happiness that we all celebrated Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET. our new professor. There are now 5 professors at the Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine.

18 department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet Glostrup Section

Section Head, Consultant Peter Hovind

The Glostrup Section examine patients hospitalized Parallel to the possibility and use of the PET/CT blood pressure in the lower limbs can be evaluat- establishing a Danish reference material consisting at the Glostrup location of Rigshospitalet as well technique, we continue to perform routine nuclear ed in patients with claudication or ulcers, as well of 1,500 healthy controls for muscle mass in as patients from the Glostrup outpatient clinics medicine imaging with our three dedicated gam- as measurement of systemic blood pressure over collaboration with the Copenhagen City Heart and patients from general practice in the sur- ma SPECT/CT scanners and two single head gam- 24 hours for detection and evaluation of hyper- study using the Lunar iDXA scanner, this up-to-date rounding area. A tradition of combining classical ma cameras. The newly replaced NephroCam for tension in adults and children. We assist in diag- scanner is now used for the measurement of bone clinical physiology with modern nuclear medi- kidney examinations is a work horse taking care of nosing secondary hypertension with Captopril mineral density in patients with or suspected for cine methods is currently developing into more examinations for the follow-up on kidney function renography, Doppler ultrasound of renal arteries osteoporosis. In patients treated for epilepsy – even and more sophisticated methods. and for possible kidney diseases in patients with and analysis of urinary steroid metabolism, where at a younger age – there is a risk of bone loss. In spinal cord injury. In addition, we perform many patients are received from the Capital Region and these patients we evaluate BMD as well as whole After a quick and successful implementation of different types of planar and SPECT/CT examina- Region of Sealand. body composition with our DXA scanners. the PET/CT technique in the section with the tions. This includes DAT scanning which visualize first PET/CT scanner installed late in 2016, we dopamine transport receptor binding in the brain Diagnostic ultrasound is also used together with Functional imaging using Magnetic Resonance have now a more complete armamentarium for diagnosing Parkinson’s disease and other neu- thyroid scintigraphy in patients with disease in Imaging (MRI) is performed in collaboration of examinations offered to the patients at rological diseases involving dopamine transport the thyroid. In patients with stroke, we examine with the Department of Radiology. The research the Glostrup section of the department. In receptors. Bone scintigraphy for rheumatologic the arteries to the brain for plaques and eventual areas are within functional imaging and brain collaboration with the experienced staff in diseases and evaluation of surgery performed in stenoses of the vessels. physiology, measurement of perfusion, cardiac the PET Section our Siemens Biograph mCT is the spine with various prostheses are performed in functional imaging, normal ageing of the brain used to examine patients from both Glostrup patients from the large clinic at Glostrup evaluat- For measuring of lung function, we have a as well as other applications of advanced MRI and the PET Section. Wholebody scans are ing patients with these diseases. Jaeger body pletysmograph where patients with methods in clinical practice and research. predominately performed three days a week COPD, asthma and preoperative lung testing are with the remaining two days to perform Using the tilt test examination under standardized performed. We participated as a part of a large We frequently have multidisciplinary conferences dedicated brain scans. The latter examinations situations with our two Task Force tilt test moni- multicenter study collecting a Danish reference dealing with cerebral disorders, thyroid diseases, used in patients with dementia and other tors, we examine patients with episodes of falling, material which has been completed. secondary hypertension, geriatric patients and cerebral disorders are increasing rapidly in syncope episodes or unexplained dizziness. Other general medical cases with collaborating units numbers. physiological examinations offered are blood We have three DXA-scanners, two Lunar Prodigy and departments in the section. pressure measurements on the extremities, where scanners and one Lunar iDXA scanner. After

20 department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet animated decorations, use apps or watch films Paediatric Nuclear Medicine at the tablets giving when entering the section or play in the toy corner. We offer 20 specially produced films and audio essays: “20 stories for the children of Rigshospitalet”, both films for pro- jection on the ceiling and audios essays to listen to while walking around looking at the wall deco- ration during tracer uptake period, that make our children have less sedation and feel entertained and secure while visiting our department.

The Glostrup Section is specialized in detection and evaluation of hypertension in children with equipment for measurement of systemic blood pressure over 24 hours and assist in the assessment for secondary hypertension in children with Doppler ultrasound of renal arteries.

The multidisciplinary paediatric haematology and oncology conferences are presented as a web- Consultant Lise Borgwardt based nuclear medical platform combined with videoconference including districts outside the In 2017 we performed more than 3,000 paediatric discrimination from PET/MR and the good hybrid Also this year the winner of the architect compe- capital. Our collaborators are very pleased with nuclear medicine investigations. It is a special staging scan with the highest diagnostic value of tition for the new National Children’s Hospital in the possibilities and the advantages in the diag- focus area for our clinic to perform children the lung parenchyma from PET/CT and all in an Copenhagen was announced. The project is very nostic evaluation of the children. investigations at the highest level of excellence, acceptable timeframe. Also our clinicians are very visionary and contains a large Diagnostic Unit and at the same time make it a positive experience impressed by this combination of modalities. where Paediatric Nuclear Medicine, among other This year we started our National Interest Group for both the child and its parents. diagnostic specialities, will be located. The new for Paediatric Medicine, DAPNM, Danish Asso- Research in paediatric nuclear medicine and PET children’s hospital will be ready in 2023. ciation of Paediatric Nuclear Medicine. The first This year we visited Stanford, Lucile Packard Chil- is necessary, as we have an increasing amount of meeting was held during the yearly meeting of dren’s Hospital, in order to exchange experiences medical doctors, PhD students and technologists We have a children unit integrated in our DSKFNM, Danish Society of Clinical Physiology on PET/MR and collaborate on the development involved in the field, and we conduct research department with a children-friendly PET/128 and Nuclear Medicine, and the interest was great on the modality for children. Our experience is that protocols in children with PET/MRI in order to Slice CT, SPECT/CT, EDTA Clearance and reno- with more than 50 participants. PET/MR can solve clinical diagnostic dilemmas develop this interesting area, but also methods for graphy rooms. PET/MR scans are performed in and PET/MR is indeed a technique that can be used evaluating regional liver function in children. the PET Section. In each scannerroom in the The work in the Paediatric Committee, EANM this robustly in clinical practice. We find the combina- In 2017 we continued participating in rand- children’s section, high quality projectors are year has been very interesting and inspiring, and tion of regional PET/MR and WB PET/CT on the omized clinical trials for experimental immuno- showing films at the ceiling to secure and enter- we are looking forward to next year’s work as Vice same tracer injection especially useful, since we get therapy for children with cancer as a part of the tain the child during the scan. In the waiting area Chair in the committee. the hybrid scan information with high soft tissue Nordic Center for these treatments. the children have the opportunity to watch the

22 department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet Cardiac 82Rb PET/CT

Consultant Philip Hasbak

Rigshospitalet was the first hospital in Scandi- uptake as a measure of function. This approach, Cardiac and renal 123I-MIBG scintigraphy navia and one of the first in Europe to diagnose however, takes only a fraction of the full PET in- In 2010 we introduced cardiac 123I-metaiodoben- ischemic heart disease using cardiac 82Rb PET/CT. formation into account. The application of tracer zylguanidine (123I-MIBG). Radiotracer analogues At Rigshospitalet there is a special need to provide kinetic modelling to dynamically measured data of the sympathetic mediator norepinephrine have cardiac PET every day, since a large proportion is able to extract objective measures of perfusion been investigated extensively, and are at the brink of our patients with ischemic heart disease need and/or metabolism, depending on the tracer. of potential widespread clinical use, especially an acute or sub-acute work-up that requires quick While such true cardiac quantification has been after the presentation of the ADVANCE-HF trial. decision making as to coronary revascularization troublesome and time-consuming in the past, our The most widely studied SPECT tracer, 123I-MIBG strategy. Patients with unstable angina or non- new cardiac tools now makes this state-of-the-art has consistently shown a strong, independent STEMI should be re-vascularized with percuta- technology readily available. Further, we offer ability to risk stratify patients with advanced con- neous coronary intervention (PCI) within 3 days CT coronary angiography (CTCA) which is useful gestive heart failure. Recently we have evaluated after admission or with coronary artery bypass graft for planning many invasive cardiac procedures, 123I-MIBG as an estimate of renal sympathetic surgery (CABG) within 5-7 days according to the particularly complex PCI procedures including nervous activity. Danish National Board of Health. Non-invasive chronic total occlusions (CTOs) and bifurcation assessment of myocardial function is an important stenting. Research-wise we have a close and good coopera- domain of cardiac 82Rb PET. Traditionally, cardiac tion with various clinical departments. PET images have been visually interpreted, using

department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet 25 Education 2017

Consultant Peter Oturai, Consultant Peter Hovind and Professor Jan Mortensen

Seven educational positions for young physicians Colleagues and students from Denmark and training to become specialists in clinical physiology abroad have visited the department for education- and nuclear medicine are held by the facilities In al and research purposes for periods ranging from the KF, PET and Glostrup Sections. Other roles in weeks to months. the specialist education of physicians are related to the dedicated courses in oncology-, cardiology-, The department delivers training programmes to lung-, and endocrinology- pathophysiology, mo- staff from other nuclear medicine and radiological lecular imaging as well as more basic courses in departments in Denmark and the Nordic countries. methodology (MRI and kinetics), all held at our department and arranged by our professors and con- The department's educational activities have been sultants. Furthermore, we contribute to the specialist accredited by the the Accreditation of Nuclear education of physicians from other specialities Medicine Training Centres Committee of the Section such as urology, nephrology, radiology, oncology, of Nuclear Medicine of the European Union of haematology, pulmonology and thoracic surgery. Medical Specialists (UEMS) and The Danish Health A high number of PhD students are associated with Authorities. the research activities in the department. Consultant Peter Oturai and Consultant Peter Regarding undergraduate education, nuclear Hovind are responsible for the postgraduate edu- medicine technologist students and radiographer cation of physicians in the department. Professor students receive part of their education at the Jann Mortensen and Professor Henrik Larsson department. The department contributes to the are responsible for the undergraduate education activities of the Faculty of Health Sciences at the of medical students in the department. Professor University of Copenhagen for medical students, Liselotte Højgaard is responsible for under- and human biology students and medicine & techno- postgraduate education for bioengineers. logy students in collaboration with DTU in various subjects, e.g. physiology, nuclear medicine and medical technology.

26 department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet Nuclear medicine technologists, radiographers and lab technicians

Staff Technologists Kate Pedersen, Birgit Krindel Beyer, Anne Sørensen and Lis Larsen

The nuclear medicine technologists, radiographers and bi-annual meetings, the national meeting for and lab technicians have had a busy and exiting radiochemistry and other relevant meetings with year 2017. The demand for our patient investi- groups sharing common knowledge. All staff mem- gations have been rising, the number of research bers are active and take responsibility for their protocols have increased and we have had several own theoretical and practical postgraduate educa- serious water damages simultaneously with the tion. From our group we have presented posters at preparation for our new ICT booking system. We EANM, DSKFNM annual meeting and ESMRBMB, have no waiting list in our sections in spite of the and it is a great delight to participate in national increasing number of patient investigations, and and international exchanging knowledge. because of that we have had extended opening hours in the afternoon and evening almost every All sections have introduced a new planning system week. Thank you to each and everyone who have for the daily staff allocation to scanners etc. In Danish contributed and made this extra effort for our it is called “Alt i plan” and the new software and patients. planning system has optimized the daily work and overall allocation of staff for both nuclear medicine This demands good leadership, good colleagues technologists, radiographers, lab technicians and and that everyone have a high level of knowledge the group and team leaders. For the individual and competences, and this is continuously devel- staff member it has given the possibility for a bet- oped by participation in relevant post graduate ter overview of tasks and duties every day, and education and courses. We have a strong focus on it is easier to find the right person to ask, as the continuous education with CT courses, advanced new system can identify who is doing what. CT courses, courses about isotopes and radioacti- vity, MRI courses, the international lung function The production from the Radiochemistry Section “driver license” and a MRI 7 tesla “driver license”. is a prerequisite for PET scans, and it is impor- Apart from this we participate in the annual tant that the PET tracer is produced in the right meeting of the Danish Society for Clinical Physi- amount and at the right time. Simultaneously ology and Nuclear Medicine, both the annual with a high daily production, Technologist Tina

28 department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet Nuclear medicine technologists, radiographers and lab technicians

Wikke and Lab Technician Sonja Pedersen Lærke In the KF Section a theme afternoon in May 2017 location due to the water catastrophe. At the same conditions, the students have been very satisfied have developed a new first-in-man tracer68 Ga- included the whole group, plus physicians, medi- time the clinical quality research and team spirit with their practical period. From fall 2017 the OPS202 for the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tum- cal secretaries, physicists, engineers etc. lead by has been high. Thank you to Staff Technologist education for technologists has been changed into a ors and as part of a multicenter phase II study. our new Section Head, Consultant Lotte Hahn Birgit Krindel Beyer and the whole team of nuclear semester structure, and in the future the study for Enevoldsen and Staff Technologist Birgit Krindel medicine technologists and radiographers for a tre- radiographers and technologists have been parted To be sure that all 100 projects in the PET Section Beyer. It was an occasion with group work and mendously impressive effort. A lucky side effect has into semesters, which means that the individual is performed in accordance with the protocols, with the aim of improving the work environment. been a nice and tidy new section. student is with us for a longer period, which is very we have acquired new iPads, where projects and The emphasis was on trust, respectfulness, open- positive. For the technologists the practical period protocols are registered in a continuously updated ness and helpful attitude towards one another. In the Glostrup Section the new PET/CT scanner will be equal to that of the radiographers and program developed and tendered by Nuclear The KF Section has a very broad range of nuclear from winter 2016 is now up and running full they can learn a lot about clinical physiology and Medicine Technologist Eunice Saxtoft. medicine and clinical physiology examinations, steam. The collaboration with the PET Section nuclear medicine. At the graduation at Metropol including a large amount of paediatric investiga- is well functioning for all staff members, and one of our bachelor groups were honored with We celebrated the 25 years anniversary of the tions performed under the leadership of the Pae- we have a close collaboration booking patients. the invitation to proceed with a reporting of their PET Section in June 2017 and in prolongation diatric Team KF. Nuclear Medicine Technologist Helle Juhl Si- project as paper or poster. The project was con- of this we gave a course in December with a two monsen working specially with the MRI scanner cerning isotope cardiography (MUGA) made in 50 day PET course for the nuclear medicine technolo- Spring 2017 had some wet surprises for us, as two and research was honored by an honorary title patients comparing 300 MBq 99mTc-HSA and 600 gists, radiographers and nurses from the whole of our main sections were flooded by water from in the international MR collaboration: “Awarded MBq 99mTc-HSA. If patients had normal cardiac of Denmark. It was planned by the Clinical Tutors the ceiling due to a crush of the water hoses. It as Fellow of the Society for MR Radiographers rhythm the dose could be halved. That is of course Nuclear Medicine Technologists Elin Lindell and meant that from May to December 2017 a very and Technologists" for significant and substantial very important for future patients and further Eunice Saxtoft. It was a great success with 40 huge reconstruction had to be performed in the contributions to the mission of the SMRT (Inter- investigations is ongoing. participants from the whole country and with whole department with movement of patient in- national Society for MR Technologists). the different backgrounds among the partici- vestigation rooms and offices. We have had crafts- In 2017 we said goodbye to radiographer Elisabeth pants we had a great opportunity for exchanging men of all kinds to repair the damages, and a new We have had a high number of students in the Abrahamsson and Nuclear Medicine Technologist knowledge about PET and how to do the daily scanner had to be implemented as replacement for department in 2017, and they have all been very Solveig Linnet who went on retirement. Thank you routine. We received a very positive feedback on the SPECT/CT scanner, which was flooded by the satisfied with their period in our department. In very much to both of you for a tremendous effort the course, and several of the participants have water. It is extremely well done with the high num- spite of the challenges with a busy year and the for our department throughout many years. asked for a repetition. ber of patient investigations and in spite of the real- water damages, and therefor very tight physical

30 department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet 31 PET Section

Consultants Anne Kiil Berthelsen and Annika Loft Jakobsen

In oncology and as well as in infectious and in- flammatory diseases the use of FDG PET/CT is increasing tremendously around the world – and it is still an exciting and interesting challenge to develop the clinical set-up in our everyday work with more than 12,000 PET/CT scans every year. In treatment of oncological as well as inflam- matory diseases personalized medicine plays an increasing role and PET/CT takes a natural part in this new paradigm, including testing of new tracers and investigating the clinical indications for these, as well as being part of the development of modern radiotherapy planning. PET/CT also plays an important role in multidisciplinary team conferences and tumor boards.

With clinical research imbedded in our everyday work, we have had the opportunity to take part in many clinical trials with results that now are implemented in our clinical routine, e.g. deep inspiration breathhold PET/CT for radiotherapy planning of malignant lymphoma and the use of PET/CT for gynaecological cancers.

33 25 years anniversary for PET at Rigshospitalet

In 2017 we had a special happy occasion, as we Here in 2017 we celebrated the 25 year anni- We are immensely grateful for the confidence and celebrated the 25 years anniversary of the PET versary on the 21th of June 2017, and again the support throughout the last 25 years. It has been a Center at Rigshospitalet. PET was established Meyer Foundation graced us with their pres- privilege for us, and we are deeply grateful. With- by a large donation from The John and Birthe ence; Birthe Meyer, Gitte Meyer Brandt and out the support from The John and Birthe Meyer Meyer Foundation in 1991 with Cyclotron, Søren Drost-Nissen. It was a wonderful day, cel- Foundation we had not been able to achieve our Radiochemistry and a PET scanner. It was ebrated with a symposium and festive reception. results for patient treatment, research and edu- opened in 1992 by the Chair of the Board Birthe The day was a special occasion, as the John and cation. So from all of us in the department: A big Meyer, Board Member Gitte Meyer Brandt and Birthe Meyer Foundation graced us with a dona- thank you to the foundation Director of the foundation Søren Drost-Nissen. tion for a new digital PET/CT scanner.

34 department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet 25 years anniversary for PET at Rigshospitalet

Leader of the PET Section, Consultant Annika Loft ment planning with radiotherapy. We are proud of Professor Andreas Kjær, Leading Professor in the Jakobsen, together with our Leader of Radiology, our clinical service to patients to secure, that every department and Head of Cluster for Molecular Consultant Anne Kiil Berthelsen, and the whole patient is given the best treatment according to Imaging is responsible for the research in our team of nuclear medicine physicians and radio- guide lines and evidence based medicine. department. Andreas Kjær initiated the PET/MRI logists have together with the nuclear medicine hyperpolarized MRI Spectroscopy as hyperPET, a technologists, headed by Staff Technologist Kate We have introduced PET/MRI as clinical one-stop- term launched also internationally by him. Pedersen, developed clinical PET to the highest shop investigation for dementia and brain tumor clinical state of the art quality worldwide. We patients, a great service to patients and a major And as well known internationally we were the can say that without bragging. We perform at the step forward, initiated by our Professor Ian Law first to dare to describe, that the PET/MRI scanner moment 15,000 PET scans per year, including a and his team. we acquired in December 2011 was not able to large research program. In total we have published come up with a correct attenuation correction for >1,000 peer review publications about PET in on- Along with the celebration of the 25 years anniver- the brain scans. To make a long story short; we are cology, cardiology, neurobiology and various other sary, the 21th of June 2017, The John and Birthe extremely proud that our PhD Student Claes Nøhr areas. We have been part of the international Meyer Foundation graced us with a donation to a Ladefoged has solved the problem in collabora- development of PET/CT for diagnosis, staging, new digital PET/CT Scanner. We look very much tion with a big international group of researchers treatment, evaluation, prognosis, relapse and treat- forward to this new major step forward. and the problem is now fixed.

36 department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet 37 THANK YOU TO THE JOHN AND BIRTHE MEYER FOUNDATION. THANK YOU TO THE STAFF OF THE PET- , CYCLOTRON- AND RADIOCHEMISTRY SECTIONS FOR A TREMENDOUS EFFORT.

Throughout the 25 years we have developed the area of PET, PET/CT and PET/MRI in collaboration with The John and Birthe Meyer Foundation. In 1991 we acquired a Scanditronix 32 MEV Cyclotron and a radiochemistry facility and a GE 4096 PET scanner.

From 1991 the big M.Sc. Scanditronix cyclotron The Radiochemistry Section opened 25 years From the Foundation we have in the years has been our most important piece of equip- ago and has now developed into an interna- obtained: ment in the department. We start the cyclotron tional academic section with many PhD stu- at 03.30 in the morning, so that the tracers are dents and thesis coming out from the depart- 1991 Scanditronix 32 MeV, ready for patients in the morning and for sending ment, new “first-in-man” tracers several times 1991 GE4096 PET Scanner out of house to assure that the other hospitals every year and a large research program, also can also start running patients early. We acquired in collaboration with the University of Copen- 1993 NMR Spectrometer cyclotron no. 2, the CTI cyclotron, in 2005. hagen. Nic Gillings, our Chief Radiochemist 1993 PET Advance Scanner and QP and Jacob Madsen, our Head Ra- 2001 PET/CT Scanner The team running the cyclotrons is highly ac- diochemist and production responsible are knowledged for the excellent effort from all thanked greatly together with Staff Technol- 2005 PET/CT Scanner staff members. Cyclotron Chief Holger Jensen ogist Anne Sørensen and the whole team. At 2005 Cyclotron 2 and Deputy Jesper Jørgensen: We owe you a present the production from the Radiochem- 2007 HRRT Scanner big thank you for providing an up time of 99.9 istry Section is very high, innovative, original % and a very high production. At the same time and state of the art. Last year approximately 2009 Radiochemistry Synthesizer you are flexible and helpful towards radiochem- 1,300 productions were provided. 2011 PET/MR Scanner istry and the clinical sections; for that we would 2017 PET/CT Scanner like to say thank you.

38 department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet 39 Neuro PET

15 Figure 1. Examples of simultaneously obtained O-H2O PET (top row) and arterial spin labelling MRI (lower row) cerebral blood flow measurements from a healthy volunteer during hyperventilation (left), in rest (middle) and after acetazolamide (right). All measurements were obtained from the same volunteer on the same session. Data presented at Brain and Brain PET 2017 in Berlin, 2017 (courtesy of PhD student O. Puig). Professor Ian Law and Consultant Otto Mølby Henriksen

The overall goal of the Neuro PET Group is to con- ments (Figure 1) and are currently exploring how of recurrent meningioma we are employing tinuously improve use of PET and hybrid imaging these techniques may be applied clinically, either [Ga68]-DOTATOC using our high resolution re- in routine clinical brain imaging and to further replacing or as an adjunct to gold standard PET search tomograph (HRRT) PET scanner, as the explore hybrid imaging of the brain physiology in methods. growth pattern of meningioma, and the small both the diseased and the healthy brain. margins of the stereotactic radiation therapy used The glucose analog [F18] Flouro-deoxy-glucose make a 2 mm resolution desirable. [C11]-PiB The Siemens hybrid PET/MR scanner allowing a (FDG) PET showing the functional integrity of amyloid binds to amyloid plaques, a pathological comprehensive structural and functional evalua- the brain is the backbone of clinical imaging of hallmark for Alzheimers disease, and is used to tion of brain pathologies within a single imaging dementia. Our non-FDG radiotracers have had support the diagnosis. session has been implemented into clinical routine a relative increase in the overall production. investigations for dementia and brain tumors. They consist of the amino acid analogue [F18] Collaborating with international and clinical The ability to perform simultaneous PET and MRI Flouro-Ethyl-Tyrosine (FET), the somatostatin II research partners, a number of clinical and basic measurements also make hybrid PET/MR system receptor ligand [Ga68]-DOTATOC and [C11]-PiB. science projects explore the use of the most recent ideal for validation of quantitative physiological FET has an established role in the management of development in radiopharmaceuticals and MR 15 MRI techniques. Using O-H2O as reference we brain tumors, and is increasingly been evaluated imaging. have investigated the accuracy of non-invasive in a multiparametric approach using PET/MR. regional and global cerebral blood flow measure- For radiotherapy planning and the evaluation

department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet 41 MR of the brain

Professor Henrik Larsson

7 Figure 1. Left figure shows an increase of lactate from a lactate is both produced and consumed in aerobic the brain is needed and is obtained from MRI phase situation of normoxia (blue points) to a situation with condition and serves as a link between glycolytic information from the sagittal sinus. This setup was hypoxia (red points) as indicated by a decrease in arterial and oxidative metabolism in the brain. Lactate applied both in young and elderly healthy volun- oxygen concentration (CaO ). Right figure shows the 2 seems to have many functions and may even act teers and in patients suffering from sleep apnoea. A corresponding changes in CMRO form a situation with 2 as a signalling molecule in the brain through hy- remarkable finding was a 180 % increase in lactate normoxia to hypoxia. As seen lactate increases despite droxycarboxylic acid receptor, a receptor found in in young healthy subjects during a hypoxic chal- maintained oxygen consumption. By courtesy of Mark B neurons of hippocampus, neocortex and cerebel- lenge, in spite of a slightly increase of CMRO , see Vestergaard, Ulrich Lindberg and Henrik BW Larsson. 2 lum. Lactate has a diurnal cycle, increasing dur- figure 1. Lactate increase was also seen in the elder 7 ing daytime and being cleared during sleep; this subjects, but now a concurrent drop of CMRO2 was Figure 2. Conventional T1 weighted (MPRAGE) and T2 finding could suggest a link to the brain clearance seen. Most striking was the finding of a lack of lac- weighted (Turbo-spin echoe) images of the same healthy system: the glymphatic system, a term introduced tate increase in patients with sleep apnoea during subjects obtained with our Philips 3 Tesla scanner in by Maiken Nedergaard and colleagues, and could hypoxia, and a decrease in CMRO similar to the the Glostrup Section and the 7 Tesla Philips scanner at 2 Hvidovre Hospital. By courtesy of Ulrich Lindberg, Mark B have wide implication in neurodegenerative dis- observation in healthy elderly. The results corro- Vestergaard, Helle Simonsen, Henrik BW Larsson (FIUNIT eases, especially Alzheimer’s dementia. With Mag- borate with the idea, that the ability to produce brain Rigshospitalet Glostrup) and Olaf Paulson, Nizar Hamrouni, netic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Spectroscopy lactate is a sign of brain health, and we speculate Giske Opheim (NRU, Rigshospitalet). (MRS) it is possible to study lactate in the brain that induced lactate can be developed as a biomark- non-invasively. In May 2017 Mark Vestergaard er of an active well functional glucolytic pathway 7 Figure 3. A proton magnetic resonance spectrum from a 1 ml defended his thesis: “Energy Metabolism of the signalling brain health. This idea will be investigated brain tissue in the occipital area, obtained at the 7 Tesla Philips Hypoxic Brain in Healthy Humans and Free divers”. in future studies in common brain diseases. MR scanner at Hvidovre Hospital. Excellent spectral resolution In this project we investigated the brain lactate is obtained at this high field strength e.g. allowing separation of concentration during resting condition and during In 2017 we started MRI studies on the 7 Tesla MR glutamate and glutamine. By courtesy of Ulrich Lindberg, a hypoxic challenge, using MRI and MRS. In addi- scanner at Hvidovre Hospital, which constitute a Mark B Vestergaard, Olaf Paulson and Henrik BW Larsson. tion, a method was developed allowing us to meas- national core facility. Our group and collaboration

ure the brain’s total oxygen consumption (CMRO2) with the Neurobiology Research Unit have launched with a 10 second time resolution, both during rest a number of projects within epilepsy and brain tum- Magnetic Resonance Imaging can give informa- and during a hypoxic challenge consisting of inha- ors and in other brain diseases. Examples of T1 and tion about the brain's glycolysis and oxygen con- lation of 10% oxygen and 90 % nitrogen. CMRO2 T2 weighted images at 3 and 7 Tesla are shown in sumption, initial 7 Tesla MRI experience. can be estimated from a measurement of the total figure 2. In addition we have started including pro- delivery of blood to the brain, combined with ar- ton spectroscopy in our projects. An example is seen Lactate and its role in the brain is a topic of increasing terial oxygen saturation (pulsoxymetri) and blood in figure 3, and one can appreciate the high spectral interest, both from a physiologic but also a clini- haemoglobin (blood sample). In addition, the resolution allowing discrimination of among others, cal point of view. It has recently become clear that oxygen saturation from the venous blood leaving brain glutamate and glutamine.

department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet 43 PET/MR

18F-FDG PET/MRI from a project investigating cold induced activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT). Upper row shows a patient with metabolic activated Physicist Adam Espe Hansen and Consultant Johan Löfgren brown adipose tissue. Lower row shows same patient without activation. (project PI: S Søberg)

PET/MRI offers a unique simultaneous combi- patients with brain tumors examined with 18F-FET nation of molecular imaging with anatomic and PET and paediatric patients. Here, the simultane- functional MRI. These capabilities are being ous PET and MRI acquisition reduces the overall exploited in clinical, translational and basic re- scan time and provides all indicated imaging with- search, as well as for clinical examinations. The in one session. Such a ‘one-stop-shop’ exami- types of PET/MRI examinations performed at the nation provides a valuable logistic advantage for department range from clinical dementia exams patients and relatives as well as for the diagnostic including static 18F-FDG PET and anatomic MRI reading and minimizes PET/MRI misalignment. with a duration of 20 minutes to dynamic PET To further expand the clinical use of PET/MRI, a with kinetic modeling and physiologic MRI large number of ongoing clinical research studies Example of a paediatric PET/MRI examination. measurements which may last 1-2 hours. In 2017 explore the utilization of PET and MRI in a syner- Images show a patient (male, 11 years) with a the number of examinations performed was 756, gistic fashion to improve patient management. large, heterogeneous pelvic lesion compatible out of which approximately 40 % were clinical. Indications investigated include lung cancer, with plexiform neurofibromatosis. PET/MRI was undertaken prior to ultrasound guided biopsy The demand for PET/MRI is steadily growing and head and neck cancer, prostate cancer, sarcoma, to identify the foci with highest probability of expanded opening hours is currently under con- neuro-oncology, paediatric oncology and vascular malignancy from both 18F-FDG PET and diffusion- sideration. brain diseases. Finally, a number of clinical and weighted MRI (green arrows). Biopsy proved the pre-clinical research studies examine the utiliza- lesions to be benign and thus outruled malign Clinical PET/MRI is undertaken primarily of tion of combined PET and MRI to characterize the transformation with a high diagnostic confidence. patients with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease, biology of disease. (Diagnostic workup L Borgwardt, HH Johannesen)

44 department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet PET and PET hybrid systems

Senior Physicist Søren Holm and Chief Physicist Thomas Levin Klausen

In 2017 the department was blessed with a dona- CT scans are performed as full diagnostic quality also has the potential of reducing radiation tion from The John and Birthe Meyer Foundation CT including contrast enhancement. One of the exposure, which is particularly important in for a new digital PET/CT system to be installed in mCTs is run in a unique well-functioning collabo- examination of children. The physics group has 2018. By the end of 2017 the department has a ration with the Department of Radiotherapy, and been working on the issues of attenuation correc- total of 8 PET systems; 1 dedicated, stand-alone it is extensively used for therapy planning, for tion and artefact suppression in order to support brain PET system, 6 combined whole-body PET/CT which purpose its large opening (78 cm) is an the clinical research protocols. In particular for systems and 1 integrated PET/MR system. important design improvement over the previous quantitative results in brain scanning, the lack Brain research continues on the PET-only HRRT generation of systems. of direct attenuation measurements was a chal- (High Resolution Research Tomograph) in close lenge, and we have been addressing these issues collaboration with the Neurobiology Research The 128 slice PET/CT is installed in the KF Section. in collaborations with Siemens (Erlangen and Unit (NRU), but the system also works as a unique This system mainly performs paediatric PET scans Knoxville), University of Leuven, and the institute clinical instrument. and scans with 82Rb (heart perfusion), 68Ga-Dotatoc of Computer Science at Copenhagen University, (neuroendocrine tumors) and 18F- NaF, replacing resulting in a correction method which is clinical The 6 PET/CTs in the department are all Siemens some bone scintigraphy or SPECT/CT. feasible and with high precision. systems. 2 are Biograph TrueV, 1 with 40 and 1 with 64 slice CT, acquired in 2007 and 2009. The The fully integrated PET/MR system (Siemens Recently the PET/MR installation was comple- other 4 (from 2010, 2011, 2014 and 2016) are mMR) was among the first in the world to become mented with an MR hyperpolarizer (GE SPINlab), mCTs, 3 with 64 slice CT and 1 with 128 slices, all operational in early 2012. Previous attempts to allowing the production of 13C-labelled pyruvate, of them with time-of-flight and overall with very combine the two modalities were either limited in and we hope for an approval for human use in similar specifications, which provides an impor- use (brain “insert” only) or not fully integrated (two 2018. tant flexibility in patient scheduling. separate gantries). In the mMR, a new amplifier principle in the PET detectors made them insen- At the Cluster for Molecular Imaging at Panum, The majority of the studies in the PET Section sitive to the magnetic field, and small enough to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Co- continue to be FDG whole-body scans for cancer allow the PET system’s detector ring to be placed penhagen, we also operate research scanners for diagnosis, staging, planning and follow-up, but inside the 3-tesla MR-magnet between the gra- small animal PET. We have an “old” PET system in recent years a significant number of FET, FLT, dient coils and the RF transmitter. This made it (Focus 120) from 2006 and a fully integrated 11C-PiB, and 68Ga-Dotatoc examinations have been possible to perform truly simultaneous measure- PET/CT system (Inveon) from 2016. added. All these scans are routinely performed ments of PET or MR. The combined system offers with the use of combined PET and CT, and most better soft tissue differentiation than PET/CT, but

46 department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet Equipment 2017

Equipment Product Purchase year Equipment Product Purchase year Mediso Nucline X-Ring 2003 Siemens mMR 2011 PET/MR scanner Mie-Scintron 2004 GE SPINlab MR Hyperpolarizer 2014 Mediso TH45 2007 Jaeger Masterscreen w/bodybox 2005 Gamma cameras Mediso N-TH45-D 2008 Lung function Jæger Masterscreen w/bodybox 2007 DDD SoloMobile 2012 Jaeger PFT pro w/bodybox 2007/13 DDD NephroCam System 2016 GE Lunar Prodigy 2004 Mediso Nucline X-Ring-R/HR 2009 GE Lunar Prodigy 2005 SPECT-cameras DXA scanner Symbia Evon 2017 GE Lunar Prodigy 2011 GE Infinia Hawkeye 2004 GE Lunar iDXA 2014 Siemens SymbiaT2 2006 WBC w/Nal counting chamber 1977 Whole body counter Philips, Precedence 16-slice CT 2008 WBC w/plast counting chamber 1978 SPECT/CT cameras GE Discovery 670 2010 Scanditronix 32 MeV 1991 Cyclotrons Siemens Symbia 16-slice CT 2011 RDS Eclipse cyclotron, CTI 2005 Siemens Symbia Intevo Bold 16 slice CT 2017 Provivo/ ADAC mobile gamma camera 1990 PET scanner HRRT Siemens/CTI 2007 Siemens Micro-PET Focus 120 2006 Siemens Biograph TrueV 40-slice CT 2007 At Cluster for Phosphor Imager Perkin Elmer cyclone 2007 Siemens Biograph TrueV 64-slice CT 2009 Molecular Imaging, Bruker preclinical MRI PharmaScan 7T 2013 Siemens mCT-S (64) 2010 Panum Siemens preclinical PET/CT Inveon 2013 PET/CT scanner Siemens mCT-S (64) 2011 PX Inc. preclinical RT X-RAD 320 2013 Siemens mCT-S (128) 2013 Mediso nanoScan SPECT/CT 2015 Siemens mCT-S (64) 2016

department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet 49 Cyclotron Section

Assistent Cyclotron Chief Jesper Jørgensen and Cyclotron Chief Holger Jensen

During the last years we have experienced a relative stable number of productions at our two cyclotrons of approximately 1,220±90 productions per year, see Figure 1. In 2017 we had in total 1,296 successful productions (607 and 689 for our Scanditronix MC32 and Siemens RDS Eclipse cyclotrons respectively). As in the previous years we also managed to keep the average radiation dose to the employees in the Cyclotron- and Radio- chemistry Section at a low level, see Figure 2. Figure 1. Development in total number of productions, 18F and 11C productions since 2006 Examples of ongoing and/or finished upgrade projects for our Scanditronix MC32 cyclotron:

The upgrade of the original Siemens Simatic S5 and CP521 based control system with a new S7 and IGSS based SCADA system described in previous annual reports was finalized this year. The final replacement of all I/O boards (for the more than 1,000 digital and analog signals) was done with great success January 2017 by our external company Taangberg Pro Consult, see Figure 3. The work was done during an extended weekend and in this way we minimized the number of Figure 2. Average received doses per year for cancelled productions to only 2 Rb/Kr-generator employees in the Cyclotron- and Radiochemistry productions. Section since 2006 Figure 3. I/O boards in the SCADA system

department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet 51 Cyclotron Section Chimney

Figure 4. Visualization of a) the new filter room and b) the chimney and the filter room seen from outside b) and c) an example of the simulated inhalation dose distribution 15 meter above ground level from a release of 1 GBq 11C and a wind from north east and a stability class D.

Filter room, 3999

Simulated dose distribution for a wind from north-east.

The new helium cooling system for the beam- able to reduce the radiation dose to the employees the external- and the inhalation dose distributions line-2 project was validated this year and the con- when they do service at the equipment. were simulated for combinations of 16 wind direc- c) trol system was integrated into the existing cyclo- tions, 6 classes of wind stabilities and 10 different tron SCADA system. The helium cooling system is The project, described in previous annual reports, heights over ground level. An example of the designed for 8 targets in total and will be used for for building a new chimney for release of radio- calculated inhalation dose distribution for 20 m future targets planned to be build and mounted at active gases produced in our radiopharmacy chimney and measured at a height of 15 m above the coming new beamline-2 system. The work on production was finished this year. Figure 4a and ground level is shown at figure 4c. The example is the new beamline-2 is planned to 2018. 4b shows the chimney and the filter room. The for a wind from north-east and a Pasquill-Gifford authorities (SIS) require the chimney designed/ wind stability class D. The beam line 2 target room was rebuilt this year. built, so no one in the general public will receive Power, ventilation, compressed air supply and water a radiation dose more than 100 µSv/y from our With the new chimney the release has been cooling was rebuilt. A new additional “service” activities (or approximately 40 times lower than moved to a safe distance from the new building floor was constructed under the roof at a height of the average background dose in Denmark). To “Nordfløjen”, that was the main cause for build- 2.2 m. All future support equipment for the bend- guarantee this we have made an extensive risk ing the new chimney, and our annual radioac- ing magnet and the targets will be installed at the analysis together with the wind energy section at tive gas release limit has been increased to 10 service-floor. In this way we will gain more space Risø for various chimney locations and heights. TBq/year. a) around the very radioactive targets and we will be For each combination of position and height both

52 department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet 53 Radiochemistry Section

Chief Radiochemist Nic Gillings and Chief Radiochemist, Production Manager Jacob Madsen

Highlights [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-HBED-CC, an established Radiopharmaceutical development tracer for prostate cancer imaging. From 33 [18F]FE-PE2I, a PET ligand for imaging pa- October 2017, [68Ga]Ga-DOTATOC production Oncology tients with Parkinson’s Disease was approved was performed using a new marketed radiolabel- The production of [18F]ASIS (active site-inhibited for human use. ling kit (Somakit TOC). We continued to produce factor VIIa) for human use is currently being 33 [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-HBEC-CC, a PET tracer for the uPAR imaging agent, [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-AE105, validated and a clinical trial application will imaging prostate cancer patients was ap- for a number of phase II clinical trials in 2017 be submitted early 2018. Several other tracers proved for human. and phase II clinical trials with our in-house de- targeting biological processes related to cancer veloped angiogenesis tracer, [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA- are available for preclinical investigations.

E[c(RGDyK)]2, were also started. 14 different Production for clinical and research PET radiopharmaceuticals were produced for human Neurobiology investigations in humans use in 2017 (see figure) and compared to 2016, Our collaboration with the Neurobiology Re- Production of [18F]FDG and krypton-81m gene- the total number of batches produced increased search Unit, Rigshospitalet and the Department of rators along with [18F]FET, [18F]FLT, [68Ga] by 9.8 % to 1,181 in total. Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Ga-DOTATOC, [11C]PIB and [15O]water con- and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen tinued on a similar level compared to previous Production of neuroreceptor PET ligands for hu- continued as in previous years. This work mainly years. Two new radiopharmaceuticals were ap- man use, for various research projects conducted focuses on development and evaluation of new proved for routine clinical use in 2017: a dopamine by the Neurobiology Research Unit at Rigshos- PET ligands for the serotonin system. transporter ligand, [18F]FE-PE2I, which is used for pitalet, continued at a similar level compared to studying patients with Parkinson’s Disease, and previous years.

department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet 55 Radiopharmaceutical Batches Produced Usage/Target 7 Radiochemistry Section Radiopharmaceuticals produced [18F]FDG 332 Oncology/glucose metabolism for human use in 2017 [68Ga]Ga-DOTATOC 241 Neuroendocrine tumours/somatostatin receptors Krypton-81m generator 145 Lung ventilation [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-AE105 107 Oncology/uPAR imaging [11C]PIB 99 Alzheimer's Disease/β-amyloid plaques [18F]FET 69 Oncology/amino acid transport [18F]FLT 45 Oncology/cell proliferation tracer [11C]SB207145 45 Brain Research/5-HT4 receptors [15O]Water 18 Cerebral blood flow [11C]Cimbi-36 29 Brain Research/5-HT2A receptors [11C]AZ10419369 26 Brain Research/5-HT1B receptors 68 [ Ga]Ga-NODAGA-E[c(RGDyK)]2 11 Oncology/angiogenesis imaging [18F]FE-PE2I 9 Neurology/dopamine transporter ligand [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-HBED-CC 5 Oncology/prostate specific membrane antigen ligand Total 1,181

Radiopharmaceutical research and 33 Troels Elmer Jeppesen continued his PhD pro- Education in radiopharmaceutical chemistry PhD projects ject searching for new protein radiolabelling The teaching program in radiopharmaceutical 33 Ida Nymann Petersen successfully defended strategies. In particular the project is focused chemistry led by Associate Professor Matthias her PhD thesis in March 2017 on the develop- on radiolabelling of chemically modified de- Herth, which was initiated in 2016 at the ments of fluorine-18 labelled 5-HT2a agonist rivatives of ASIS (active site-inhibited factor Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, radioligands and is now employed as a post- VIIa) using fluorine-18 and copper-64. University of Copenhagen, continued in a similar doc, working on the development of pretarget- 33 Elina Nyberg L’Estrade continued her PhD format in 2017, with several members of the ing imaging agents. project on combinatorial-like fluorine-18 Radiochemistry Section involved in lecturing 33 Patricia Edem (postdoc) continued her work labelling approaches for the development of and practical exercises. There were four master

on development of chelator based labelling of 5-HT7 selective ligands. students who successfully defended their theses pretargeting imaging agents. 33 Johanna Steen continued her PhD project fo- on radiopharmaceutical chemistry in 2017. 33 Vladimir Shalgunov started as a postdoc in cussed on carbon-11 and fluorine-18 labelled November 2017 and will work on the esta- click agents for pretargeted imaging. blishment of methods for direct labelling of tetrazines with fluorine-18.

56 department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet Academic and other activities

Andreas Kjær, Professor, Consultant, ERC ad- Cancer Lymphoma Group (EORTC), the Danish Member of National Working Groups for lympho- Resonance in Medicine and Biology (ESMEMB). Jann Mortensen, Professor, Consultant, is mem- Linda Kragh, Chief Technologist, is member of vanced grantee, is member of the Oncology Com- Society of Radiology, the Danish and the Nordic ma (Chair of the Diagnostic Imaging Group under Board member of the Danish Society for Magnetic ber of “Den Regionale Videnskabsetiske Komité F Sundhedsfagligt Råd i Klinisk Fysiologi og Nuklear- mittee of the European Association of Nuclear Society of Gynaecological Oncology, British Insti- Danish Lymphoma Group (DLG)) and pharyngeal/ Resonance, member and service responsible. for Hovedstaden” (Regional Ethics Committee). medicin i Region H, SFR, (the Speciality Advisory Medicine (EANM), member of the advisory board tute of Radiology (BIR), Billeddiagnostisk Udvalg laryngeal cancer. Member of the National PET/CT Henrik B.W. Larsson, MD, DMSc , Consultant, He is responsible for the specialist course in “Clin- Committee in Clinicial Physiology and Nuclear Medi- of the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society Ukendt Primærtumor (DAHANCA), National Group. Board member of DGCG (Danish Gyneco- Head of Functional Imaging Unit. Professor in ical Respiratory Physiology” for Nuclear Medicine cine in the Capital Region), member of the DRG (ENETS), national representative of the Europe- PET/CT Group, the Danish Society of Clinical logical Cancer Group) and DCCG (Danish Colorec- Clinical and Comparative Physiology, Institute physicians and Respiratory Physicians, he is the Committee of DSKFNM, member of Uddannelses- an Society for Molecular Imaging (ESMI), board Oncology, the Danish Society of Magnetic Imaging, tal Cancer Group). of Clinical Medicine, the Faculty of Health and responsible physician for Nuclear Medicine in the forum for Bioanalytikeruddannelsen i Region H, member of the Cancer Research Foundation at Diagnostic Imaging Group under Danish Lymphoma Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Den- Faroe Islands, member of the steering committee (the Speciality Council for the Education of Tech- University of Copenhagen, advisory board mem- Group, ERS European Society of Radiology and Elisabeth Albrecht-Beste, Clinical Associate Pro- mark, Professor in Medical Magnetic Resonance of “Dansk Lungecancer Gruppe” (Danish Lung nologists in the Capital Region) and member of ber of the Avatar Cancer Program, CPMC (Sutter Sundhedsstyrelsens Udvalg for Kræft. fessor, Consultant, member of Danish Society of Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Cancer Group), the subcommittees for “Dansk Uddannelsesudvalget på Radiografuddannelsen at Health), San Francisco. Past President of the Radiology, chair of post-graduate radiology courses Technology, Norway, Responsible for specialist Diagnostisk Lungecancer Gruppe” (Danish Diag- Metropol (the Speciality Council for the Education Scandinavian Society of Clinical Physiology and Anne-Mette N. Wittekind, MSc. Pharm, Deputy in Denmark, chair of post-graduate education course in tracer kinetic theory, math and statistic nostic Lung Cancer Group) and “Lungecancer of Radiographers at Metropol). Nuclear Medicine (SSCPNM) and member of the Qualified Person, is member of Dansk Standard. committee of Danish Society of Radiology, chair for nuclear medicine physicians. Responsible for Screeningsgruppen” (Screening of Lung Cancer Scientific Committee of the Danish Cancer Socie- of the Regional Advisory Board in postgraduate specialist course in functional imaging (MRI, Group), member of the steering committee and Lise Borgwardt, Consultant, Chief of Paediatric ty. Editor-in-Chief of Diagnostics (Basel). Editorial Annika Loft Jakobsen, Consultant, MD,Ph.D., is education in radiology and member of the Danish PET-MRI, UL) for nuclear medicine physicians, the quality subcommittee for creating Danish refe- Nuclear Medicine at Rigshospitalet. Vice Chair board member of Journal of Nuclear Medicine involved in a various number of clinical research Society of Oncoradiology. Management Board of EU COST Action (BM1103): rence values for lung function and member of the of the Paediatric Committee under EANM, Scien- (JNM) and European Journal of Nuclear Medicine protocols, teaching at national and international “Arterial Spin Labelling in Dementia”, Steering steering committee of the Danish ESDL spirometry tific Committee member of the EANM, member & Molecular Imaging (EJNMMI). Leader of pro- courses pre- and postgraduate for medical doc- Helle Hjorth Johannesen, Consultant, is member committee of the 7 Tesla project, Copenhagen, course. of the Paediatric Imaging Harmonization Group jects for development of theranostics for aggres- tors, technologists, radiographers and nurses and of Danish Society of Radiology, member of Danish Denmark. EANM/SNM, member of the Tumourboard for sive cancer and for project of hyperPET, funded by is invited speaker at national and international Society of Oncoradiology, member of Danish So- Johan Löfgren, Consultant, teaches at specialist Paediatric Solid Tumours at Rigshospitalet, Chair the Innovation Fund Denmark. Coordinator of an meetings and congresses. She is supervisor for ciety of Medical Magnetic Resonans Imaging and Ian Law, Professor, Consultant, is Chair of the courses for oncologists and is member of the of Danish Association of Paediatric Nuclear Medi- H2020 project on click-chemistry for PET. Head of several PhD students and responsible for the spe- Danish Society for Good Clinical Practice. Neuroimaging Comittee, European Association of Diagnostic Imaging Group under Danish Lymphoma cine, Chair of the Paediatric Focus Group at the the Cluster for Molecular Imaging and Director of cialist course in oncology for nuclear medicine Nuclear Medicine (EANM), Member of the “PET Group. He is involved in clinical research protocols Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medi- the PhD Program for Medical & Molecular Imag- physicians. She is member of the European Or- Helle Juhl Simonsen, Research MR Technologist, Response Assessment in Neurooncology (RANO) with special focus on PET/MRI and is an invited cine and PET and member of the Process Group ing at the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, ganisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Biomedical Laboratory Scientist, is board mem- working group” under the European Association speaker at national and international meetings and for the development of the Children’s Hospital University of Copenhagen. Co-chair of the Lund- (EORTC). Member of the Oncology Committee ber and treasurer in the International Society for of Nuclear Medicine (EANM), European Associ- congresses. at Rigshospitalet. Involved in clinical research beck Foundation Clinical Research Fellowship of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (ISMRM)/Nordic ation of Neurooncology (EANO), and Society of protocols, supervisor for PhD students, teaching Program (US-DK). Member of the Academy of (EANM), member of BIR, Danish Society of Onco- Chapter. Member of the Local Chapters Committee, Neurooncology (SNO). Member of the Danish Kim Francis Andersen, Consultant, is member of at national and international courses pre- and Technical Sciences (ATV). logical Radiology and Danish Society of Clinical Awards and Nominations Committee and Abstract Neurooncology group (DNOG). Member of the the Board of Danish Sarcoma Group (DSG). He is postgraduate for medical doctors, and invited Physiology and Nuclear Medicine. Member of Committee in International Society for Magnetic working group for ”Clinical Guidelines for the involved in various clinical research protocols. He speaker at national and international meetings Anne Kiil Berthelsen, Consultant, is member of Regional Working Groups for implementation of Resonance in Medicine (ISMRM)/Section for MR Treatment of Brain Metastases”, Danish Neurosur- teaches at specialist courses for medical doctors and congresses. the International Lymphoma Radiation Oncology clinical guidelines for: colorectal liver metastases, Technologist (SMRT), awarded as Fellow of SMRT gical Society (DNKS), responsible for the specialist and is supervisor for students at the Medicine and Group, Steering Committee (ILROG), European lymphoma, malignant melanoma, cancer of un- ((f)SMRT). Member of the Members and Services training course in the central nervous system for Technology program (Biomedical Engineering), Organisation for Research and Treatment of known primary, and suspicion of severe disease. Committee in European Society for Magnetic nuclear medicine physicians. Technical University of Denmark (DTU).

58 department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet 59 Academic and other activities

Liselotte Højgaard, Professor, Head of Depart- “Klinisk Medikoteknik ” (Introduction to Clinical and member of the Danish Epilepsy Surgery Team. Robin de Nijs, MSc, PDEng, PhD, Specialist Thomas Levin Klausen, Chief Physicist, MSc, ment. Chairman of the Board of the Danish use of Medical Technology) at the Medicine and He is co-supervisor of two PhD students, and teaches Medical Physicist, is member of EANM’s Network Specialist Medical Physicist, is Chair of Danish National Research Foundation. Member of the Technology Bioengineer Program, member of at PhD courses as well as pregraduate courses for of Excellence for Brain Imaging, member of the Society for Medical Physics Educational Council, Board, Konsistoriet, the Karolinska Institutet and the European Association of Nuclear Medicine medicine and technology bioengineers. Danish Society for Medical Physics and lecturer at member of the Danish Society for Medical Physics member of the Board, Die Robert Bosch Stiftung, (EANM), the Danish Society of Clinical Physiology EFOMP’s School for Medical Physics Experts and (DSMF) and the Danish Society of Clinical Germany. She represents the University of Co- and Nuclear Medicine (DSKFNM) and the Danish Peter Hovind, Consultant, is President of the Copenhagen University. Physiology and Nuclear Medicine (DSKFNM). penhagen, Rigshospitalet in the Medicine and Society of Clinical Oncology. Affiliated to the Danish Society of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Responsible Physicist for Nuclear Medicine at the Technology Bioengineer Program, the Technical Centre of Excellence for Personalized Medicine of Medicine. Member of the Board of the Danish Endo- Sune Høgild Keller, Computer Scientist PhD, is Faroe Islands. University of Denmark (DTU), where she is also Infectious Complications in Immune Deficiency crine Society (DES) and the Niels A. Lassen Foun- involved in various clinical and preclinical adj. professor. Elected member of the Royal Danish (PERSIMUNE). Elected member of the Board of dation. He is co-editor for the Danish Medical Jour- research protocols PET/CT, PET/MR and neuro-PET Ulrik B. Andersen, Consultant, is co-supervisor Academy of Sciences and Letters, member of ATV, the Association of Consultants in Denmark. Mem- nal in the medical imaging section. He is involved (HRRT). He teaches at a variety of courses for for PhD students in the department. Member of (the Danish Academy of Technical Sciences), ber of the ESMIT (European School of Multimodal in both clinical research protocols and teaching, and medical doctors, PhD students, technologists and European Society of Hypertension and acknow- member of the Olav Thon Foundation, Science Ad- Imaging and Therapy) Level 3 working group. is responsible for the postgraduate education in the MSc students. He is supervisor for students at the ledged hypertension specialist by this society. Re- visory Board, member of the Board of the Crown Member of the HYBRID Network; a collaboration Glostrup Section. Medicine and Technology Program (Biomedical sponsible for the specialist course in cardiovascular Prince Frederik and Crown Princess Mary’s Foun- for research and training of young researchers Engineering), Technical University of Denmark circulation for nuclear medicine physicians in dation and member of the Board of Arvid Nilssons in the field of hybrid imaging, funded as a Marie Peter Oturai, Consultant, is responsible for the (DTU) and co-supervises PhD students in biomedi- Denmark. Member of the Danish Society of Clinical Foundation and Tagea Brandt’s prize. Sklodowska-Curie Innovative Training Network postgraduate education of physicians in the depart- cal engineering and computer science. Physiology and Nuclear medicine, Danish Society of under EU Horizon 2020. ment. Danish delegate, representing Danish Society Cardiology and Danish Society of Diagnostic Ultra- Louise Alslev, Staff Specialist, is responsible for the for Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine (DSK- Søren Holm, Senior Physicist, is member of the sound. planning of educational visits for physicians at the Maria Helene Pejtersen, Nuclear Medicine Tech- FNM), in the European Union of Medical Special- EANM Physics Committee and the EANM Radiation PET Section. Responsible for the specialist course nologist, is member of the Symposiagroup for ists (UEMS) and deputy delegate in the European Protection committee, and has represented EANM in in oncology for nuclear medicine physicians. She Technologists at Rigshospitalet. Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM). He is meetings with IAEA and HERCA (Heads of European teaches at a PhD course at the Faculty of Health and member of the Danish Thyroid Cancer Guideline Radiation Competent Authorities). Delegate for DSMF Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Nic Gillings, MPhil, PhD, Chief Radiochemist, Group (DATHYRCA), member of the Doctors CPNM to the European and International organisations for at the Bachelor´s Degree Program in Radiography Qualified Person (QP) is vice chair of the EANM Training Committee and member of the CME and Medical Physics (EFOMP and IOMP), assessor for at the Metropolitan University College. Employee Radiopharmacy Committee, member of the Society Educational Committee – both affiliated to DSKFNM. EFOMP’s Examination Board (EBB) , board member representative for the junior doctors at the Centre of Radiopharmaceutical Sciences and member of He is responsible for the specialist course in Endocrine of the Nordic Society for Radiation Protection (NSFS), of Diagnostic Investigation, Rigshospitalet. Member the Royal Society of Chemistry. He also acts as Pathophysiology for CPNM physicians in Denmark. member of one IAEA advisory group concerned with of Yngre Læge-rådet (Counsel of Junior Doctors) at coordinator for the joint supplier audit program QA/QC and image artefacts affecting SPECT/CT and Rigshospitalet. for all manufacturers of PET radiopharmaceuticals Rasmus Sejersten Ripa, Staff Specialist, is super- another IAEA advisory group regarding staffing in in Denmark and Southern Sweden. visor for several PhD students. Member of the medical physics, member of Sundhedsfagligt Råd Malene Fischer, Associate Professor of Research, Danish Health Authority’s Committee for Heart i Klinisk Fysiologi og Nuklearmedicin in the Capital Consultant, is supervisor for several PhD, master Otto Mølby Henriksen, Consultant, PhD, is mem- Disease. Board member of the Society for Theoreti- Region, (the Specialty Advisory Committee (SFR) in and bachelor students and involved in both pre- ber of the DRG Committee in Danish Society for cal and Applied Therapy and member of American Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine) and and postgraduate teaching. Course Director of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine (DSKFNM) Society of Nuclear Cardiology. external lecturer at University of Copenhagen.

60 department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet 61 Studies 2017

CNS and peripheral nervous system Heart and cardiovascular system Kidneys and urinary tract Endocrine organs 15 99m 51 99m Regional cerebral blood flow, DIAMOX, O-H2O 12 Isotope cardiography, LVEF, Tc-HSA 1,424 Glomerular filtration, Cr-EDTA, several samples 92 Thyroid scintigraphy, Tc-Pertechnetat 1,114 15 99m 51 123 Regional cerebral blood flow, O-H2O 1 Myocardial perf. scintigr. gated, Tc-MIBI, pharmacol. stress, adeno. 253 Glomerular filtration, Cr-EDTA, one sample 2,733 Thyroid scintigraphy, I-Iodide 63 Regional cerebral metabolism, 18F-FDG 1,277 Myocardial perf. scintigr. gated, 99mTc-MIBI, 211 Renal scintigraphy, 99mTc-DMSA 9 Thyroid, ultrasound 1,147 11 123 99m 99m Regional cerebral receptor, C-PIB 175 Myocardial I- MIBG, sympaticus activity 46 Renography, Tc-MAG , diuresis 68 Thyroid scintigraphy, Tc-Pertechnetat, SPECT 2 18 99m Regional cerebral receptor, F-FET 310 Myocardial calcium score 552 Renography, Tc-MAG 3, graft 7 Thyroid, fine needle aspiration biopsy 43 Regional cerebral blood flow,99m Tc-HMPAO, pharm.prov. 18 Tilt table test 189 Renography, 99mTc-MAG 3, ACE-inhibitor 28 Iodine uptake test, 131I-Iodide 4 Regional cerebral blood flow,99m Tc-HMPAO 23 Analysis of heart rate variability 192 Renography, 99mTc-MAG 3 2,125 Parathyroid scintigraphy, 99mTc-Stamisis 64 123 18 99m 123 Regional Dopamine Transporter (DAT) receptor imaging, I-FP-CIT 292 PET myocardial metabolism, F-FDG 104 Renography, Tc-MAG 3, dual head 4 Tumorscintigraphy, I-Iodide 3 Regional cerebral receptor, 11C different tracers (NRU) 96 PET myocardial perfusion, 82Rb, rest 687 Renography, 99mTc-DTPA 25 Adrenal marrow scintigraphy, 123I-MIBG 32 Regional cerebral receptor, 18F-Florbetapir 7 PET myocardial perfusion, 82Rb, pharmacological stress, adeno 645 Renography, 99mTc-DTPA, ACE-inhibitor 115 Scintigraphy after 177Lu- Dotatate therapy 112 Regional cerebral receptor, 18F-FLT 42 CT cardiac (angiography) 13 Doppler ultrasound of renal blood flow 316 Synacthen test 39 Regional cerebral receptor, 68Ga-Dotatoc 37 Total 4,316 Ultrasound kidneys 272 Total 2,623 CT-scanning of cerebrum 152 MR kidneys 6 MR-scanning of cerebrum 399 Peripheral vessels Total 5,800 Blood and lymph system MR-scanning of hippocampus (MR-HCV) 144 Systolic blood pressure, fingers 5 Erythrocyt volume, 99mTc-erythrocytter 40 Total 2,985 Systolic blood pressure, ancle and toes 434 Bone and joint Plasma volume, 125I-HSA 40 Systolic blood pressure, ancle-brachial index after treadmill 87 Bone scintigraphy, 99mTc-HDP, regional, static 63 Lymph scintigraphy, extremities, 99mTc-HSA, leakage 2 Respiratory organs 24 hours blood pressure measurement 224 Bone scintigraphy, 99mTc-HDP, 2 phased 23 Sentinel node scintigr. tumor drainage, 99mTc-Nanocolloid 46 Lung function test, whole body plethysmography 2,162 Doppler ultrasound of abdominal vessels 293 Bone scintigraphy, 99mTc-HDP, whole body, static 988 Sentinel node scintigr. tumor drainage, c. mammae, 99mTc-Nanocolloid 32 Lung function test, whole body plethysmography w/reversibility 46 Isolated limb perfusion leakage monitoring, 99mTc-erythrocyt 5 Bone scintigraphy, 99mTc-HDP, SPECT 634 Sentinel node scintigr. tumor drainage, mel. malign., 99mTc-Nanocolloid 134 Lung function test, spirometry, 1,998 Total 1,048 Osteodens. dual X-ray absorptiometri (DXA), columna lumb. 4,774 Sentinel node scintigr. tumor drainage, c. penis, 99mTc-Nanocolloid 28 Lung function test, spirometry w/reversibility 255 Osteodens. dual X-ray absorptiometri (DXA), lat.spine 373 Sentinel node scintigr. tumor drainage, c. vulvae, 99mTc-Nanocolloid 44 Lung function test, diffusion capacity (CO) 3,808 Gastrin intestinal tract, liver, biliary tract and pancreas Osteodens. dual X-ray absorptiometri (DXA), radius 184 Sentinel node scintigr. tumor drainage, head/neck, 99mTc-Nanocolloid 99 Lung function test, spirometry with phys.prov. 1 Salivary gland scintigraphy 99mTc-Pertechnetat 11 Osteodensitometri, dual X-ray absorptiometri collum fem. 9,328 Peritumoral injection of 99mTc-Nanocolloid for sentinel node 612 Max. insp. abd exspir. muscle pressure 1 Biliary tract scintigraphy, 99mTc-Mebrofenin 119 DXA, body composition 636 Spleen scintigraphy, 99mTc-erythrocyte, heated 3 Lung perfusion scintigraphy, 99mTc-MAA 8 Bleeding scintigraphy (abdomen) 99mTc-erytrocytter 1 MR scanning columna cervicalis 48 Total 1,080 Lung perfusion scintigraphy, regional, 99mTc-MAA 16 Bleeding scintigraphy (abdomen) 99mTc-HSA 1 MR scanning columna thoracalis 17 Lung perfusion scintigraphy, SPECT, 99mTc-MAA 381 Doppler ultrasound of splanchnic blood flow 315 MR scanning columna lumbalis 4 Other diagnostic procedures Lung ventilation scintigraphy, 81mKr-gas 9 Meckels diverticle scintigraphy 1 MR scanning femur 32 Aprotinin scintigraphy, 99mTc-Aprotinin 1 Lung ventilation scintigraphy, regional, 81mKr-gas 154 Ultrasound retroperitoneum, incl. aorta og binyrer 3 Total 17,104 PET tumor scanning, 18F-FDG 5,615 Lung ventilation scintigraphy, SPECT, 81mKr-gas 315 Total 451 PET scanning, 18F-FDG 165 Lung ventilation scintigraphy, SPECT 99mTc-Technegas 73 PET infection scanning, 18F-FDG 282 Mucociliary clearance, 99mTc-Venticolloid 4 PET tumor scanning, 68Ga-Dotatoc 702 CT thorax PET/CT breathhold 21 PET tumor scanning, 68Ga-PSMA 1 PET thorax PET/CT breathhold 9 White blood cell scintigraphy, 99mTc-white blood cell 16 Total 9,261

62 department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet 63 Studies 2017 Finance

White blood cell scintigraphy, 99mTc-white blood cell, SPECT 12 Animal studies Turnover Whole body, contamination measurement 151 Image fusion (PET, SPECT, MRI, CT or planar) 11,400 Rats CT head/neck SPECT/CT 307 Mice 300 CT wb SPET/CT 318 11C-Tetrazine 8 64Cu-liposomes 48 CT thorax SPECT/CT 414 18F-FDG 751 68Ga- RGD 16 CT pelvis SPECT/CT 76 18F-FET 14 82Rubidium 210 250 CT abdomen SPECT/CT 222 18F-FLT 113 99mTc SPECT 119 CT lower and upper extremities SPECT/CT 17 18F-Tetrazine 150 Optical imaging, bioluminescence 92 200 CT wb PET/CT 7,278 64Cu-AU-NP1 80 MR-scans 100 CT wb PET/CT 8,278 64Cu-Liposome 474 MR-scans with contrast 300 150 MR wb PET/MR 95 64Cu-Herceptin 20 CT-scans for image fusion 491 68 CT lover extremities PET/CT 29 Ga-Tetrazine 32 100 Second opinions external 1,213 89Zr-Anti-CD4 54 Dogs 89 13 Krone points in mio DKK Extra tumor delineation 194 Zr-Anti-CD8 162 HyperPET (xx/ C-pyruvate) 7 50 Other investigations 407 89Zr-Anti-PD-L1 206 Supplementary/repeated imaging 2,719 89Zr-Heceptin 80 Rabbits 0 Total 39,912 90Y-Gel 40 18F-Apopep 1 90Y-Ionophore 8 18F-FDG 45 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Radiotherapy 111In-Tetrazine 95 18F-NaF 21 Year Treatment with 131I, benign thyroid 103 124I-Liposome 144 64Cu-DOTATATE 21 Isotope treatment with 177Lu-Dotatate 105 177Lu-Ionophore 8 64Cu-RGD 21 The increase in activities measured in krone point* rose from 80,5 mio DKK in Isotope treatment with 223Ra-Dichlorid 299 Optical imaging, bioluminescence 63 68Ga-RGD 4 2007 to 272,3 mio DKK in 2017. Total 507 MR-scans 1,540 CT-scans for image fusion 113 MR-scans DWI 56 * Krone point: Price for each patient investigation multiplied with number of In vitro analyses MR Hyperpol scans, 13C pyruvate 16 Pigs investigations, summarized for all patient studies performed during the year. Affinity studies 3,589 MR Hyperpol scans, 13C fumarate 20 HyperPET (18F-FDG/13C-pyruvate) 2 Flow cytometry analyses 46,596 MR scan with contrast 63 MR-scans 60 Gene expression analyses 6,058 Radiotherapy, externally 4,239 Immunohistochemistry 1,119 Radiotherapy (α and β emitters) 561 Total 12,670 Plasma and protein analyses 9,154 CT-scans 51 Total 66,516 CT-scans for image fusion 1,951 Balance 2017

Expenditure (DKK mio ) 93 Total number of studies 164,273 Receipts 16

64 department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet 65 Publications

Bjerre J, Kyhl K, Gustafsson F, Kelbaek H, Engstrøm Celicanin M, Blaabjerg M, Maersk-Moller C, Beniczky Clemmensen AE, Ghotbi AA, Bodholdt RP, Hag AMF, T, Olsen PS, Hasbak P, Vejlstrup N, Madsen PL. S, Marner L, Thomsen C, Bach FW, Kondziella D, Hasbak P, Ripa RS, Kjær A. Perfusion imaging Longitudinal shortening of sub-epicardial myo-cytes Andersen H, Somnier F, Illes Z, Pinborg LH. Auto- using rubidium-82 (82Rb) PET in rats with myocar- in severe ischaemic cardiomyopathy: insights from immune encephalitis associated with voltage-gat- dial infarction: First small animal cardiac (82)Rb- gadolinium contrast cardiac magnetic resonance ed potassium channels-complex and leucine-rich PET. J Nucl Cardiol 2017; 24 (2):750-752. imaging. ESC Heart Fail 2017; 4 (4): 670-674. glioma-inactivated 1 antibodies – a national cohort da Cunha-Bang S, Hjordt LV, Perfalk E, Beliveau V, the Radiotherapy Committee of the EORTC lym- Bozkurt MF, Virgolini I, Balogova S, Beheshti M, study. Eur J Neurol 2017; 24 (8):999-1005. Bock C, Lehel S, Thomsen C, Sestoft D, Svarer C, Theses Publications phoma group. Acta Oncol 2017; 56 (4):608-613. Rubello D, Decristoforo C, Ambrosini V, Kjær A, Christensen TE, Bang LE, Holmvang L, Skovgaard Knudsen GM. Serotonin 1B Receptor Binding Is Hasbak P. Doctoral thesis. CGRP receptors and pep- Ahlström MG, Kjær A, Gerstoft J, Obel N. Agreement Bandak M, Jørgensen N, Juul A, Lauritsen J, Kreiberg Delgado-Bolton R, Kunikowska J, Oyen WJG, Chiti DC, Oturai DB, Søholm H, Thomsen JH, Andersson Associated With Trait Anger and Level of Psycho- tide pharmacology in the cardiovascular system: between Estimated and Measured Renal Function M, Oturai PS, Helge JW, Daugaard G. A randomized A, Giammarile F, Fanti S. Guideline for PET/CT HB, Ghotbi AA, Ihlemann N, Kjær A, Hasbak P. The pathy in Violent Offenders. Biol Psychiatry 2017; Impact of hypoxia. Defended on the 22th of Febru- in an Everyday Clinical Outpatient Setting of Hu- double-blind study of testosterone replacement imaging of neuroendocrine neoplasms with Authors Reply. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2017; 10 82 (4):267-274. ary 2017, University of Copenhagen. man Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Individuals. therapy or placebo in testicular cancer survivors Ga-DOTA-conjugated somatostatin receptor tar- (1):94-95. da Cunha-Bang S, Hjordt LV, Dam VH, Stenbæk DS, Børresen B. PhD thesis. The enhanced permeability Nephron 2017; 136 (4):318-327. with mild Leydig cell insufficiency (Einstein-inter- geting peptides andF-DOPA. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Christensen TE, Bang LE, Holmvang L, Skovgaard Sestoft D, Knudsen GM. Anterior cingulate sero- and retention effect: Challenges of limited thera- Amin FM, Hougaard A, Cramer SP, Christensen vention). B M C Cancer 2017; 17 (1):461. Imaging 2017; 44 (9):1588-1601. DC, Oturai DB, Søholm H, Thomsen JH, Andersson tonin 1B receptor binding is associated with emo- peutic success and the accelerated blood clearance CE, Wolfram F, Larsson HBW, Ashina M. Intact Bandak M, Jørgensen N, Juul A, Lauritsen J, Oturai Bozkurt MF, Virgolini I, Balogova S, Beheshti M, HB, Ghotbi AA, Ihlemann N, Kjær A, Hasbak P. The tional response inhibition. J Psychiatr Res 2017; phenomenon. Defended on the 8th of December blood-brain barrier during spontaneous attacks of PS, Mortensen J, Hojman P, Helge JW, Daugaard Rubello D, Decristoforo C, Ambrosini V, Kjær A, Authors Reply. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2017; 10 92:199-204. 2017. University of Copenhagen. migraine without aura: a 3T DCE-MRI study. Eur J G. Leydig cell dysfunction, systemic inflammation Delgado-Bolton R, Kunikowska J, Oyen WJG, Chiti (1):96-97. Dejanović D, Loft A. 18F-FDG PET/CT findings fol- Christensen A. PhD thesis. Optical-guided surgery Neurol 2017; 24 (9):1116-1124. and metabolic syndrome in long-term testicular A, Giammarile F, Sundin A, Fanti S. Erratum to: Christensen RH, von Scholten BJ, Hansen CS, Hey- lowing repeated intramuscular injections of “Site and nucleotide-based imaging modalities in head Andersson Z, Thisted E, Andersen UB. Renal Branch cancer survivors. Eur J Cancer 2017; 84:9-17. Guideline for PET/CT imaging of neuroendocrine wood SE, Rosenmeier JB, Andersen UB, Hovind P, Enhancement Oil” in the Upper Extremities. Clin and neck cancer. Defended on the 22nd of June Artery Stenosis: A Diagnostic Challenge? A Case Bandak M, Jørgensen N, Juul A, Lauritsen J, Kier neoplasms with Ga-DOTA-conjugated somatostatin Peinhard H, Parving HH, Pedersen BK, Jørgensen Nucl Med 2017; 42 (10):e436-e437. 2017. University of Copenhagen. Report With Review of the Literature. Urology MGG, Mortensen MS, Oturai PS, Mortensen J, receptor targeting peptides and F-DOPA. Eur J ME, Jacobsen PK, Rossing P. Epicardial, pericardial Dickson JC, Tossici-Bolt L, Sera T, Booij J, Ziebell M, Jensen P. PhD thesis. Translocator protein imaging 2017; 100:218-220. Hojman P, Helge JW, Daugaard G. Reproductive Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2017; 44 (12):2150-2151. and total cardiac fat and cardiovascular disease in Morbelli S, Assenbaum-Nan S, Borght TV, Pagani with 123I-Clinde SPECT - Method development and Arngrim N, Hougaard A, Ahmadi K, Vestergaard MB, hormones and metabolic syndrome in 24 testicular Bremholm L, Andersen UB, Hornum M, Hilsted L, type 2 diabetic patients with elevated urinary al- M, Kapucu OL, Hesse S, Van Laere K, Darcourt J, clinical research. Defended on the 15th of Septem- Schytz HW, Amin FM, Larsson HBW, Olesen J, cancer survivors and their biological brothers. An- Veedfald S, Hartmann B, Holst JJ. Acute effects of bumin excretion rate. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2017; 24 Varrone A, Tatsch K. The impact of reconstruction ber 2017. University of Copenhagen. Hoffmann MB, Ashina M. Heterogenous migraine drology 2017; 5 (4):718-724. glucagon-like peptide-1, GLP-19-36 amide, and (14):1517-1524. and scanner characterisation on the diagnostic Eldirdiri A. PhD thesis. Early detection of response to aura symptoms correlate with visual cortex func- Beliveau V, Ganz M, Feng L, Ozenne B, Højgaard L, exenatide on mesenteric blood flow, cardiovascular Christensen A, Juhl K, Persson M, Charabi BW, capability of a normal database for [123I]FP-CIT treatment in cancer by Hyperpolarized Metabolic tional magnetic resonance imaging responses. Ann Fisher PM, Svarer C, Greve DN, Knudsen GM. A parameters, and biomarkers in healthy volunteers. Mortensen J, Kiss K, lelkaitis G, Rubek N, von SPECT imaging. EJNMMI Res 2017; 7 (1):10. MR. Defended on 30th of June 2017. Technical Uni- Neurol 2017; 82 (6):925-939. High-Resolution In Vivo Atlas of the Human Brain’s Physiol Rep 2017; 5 (4):e13102. Buchwald C, Kjær A. uPAR-targeted optical Dreier JP, Fabricius M, Ayata C, Sakowitz OW, Wil- versity of Denmark. Asferg CL, Andersen UB, Linneberg A, Hedley PL, Serotonin System. J Neurosci 2017; 37 (1):120-128. Brittain JM, Nymark T, Hildebrandt MG, Hovgaard near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging and PET liam Shuttleworth C, Dohmen C et al. Recording, Christiansen M, Goetze JP, Jeppesen JL. Serum Bernsdorf M, Loft Jakobsen A, Berthelsen AK, Specht D, Andersen KF. Stewart-Treves Syndrome on the for image-guided surgery in head and neck cancer: analysis, and interpretation of spreading depo- proatrial natriuretic peptide does not increase with L, Kjems J, Gothelf A, Kristensen C, Friborg J. Lower Extremity Associated to Idiopathic Chronic proof-of-concept in orthotopic xenograft model. larizations in neurointensive care: Review and Patents higher systolic blood pressure in obese men. Heart OC-008: Incidence of malignant disease outside the Lymphedema Visualized on FDG PET/CT. 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FDG-PET is superior to WHO Grading cinoma solid xenografts by fractionated [211At] plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), tissue factor radiofluorination, and preliminary evaluation Kjær A (with co-inventors). uPAR targeting peptide zen R, Specht L. Interobserver delineation uncer- in predicting overall survival of patients with neu- alpha-radioimmunotherapy: Influence of tumor (TF) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR): of the potential 5-HT2A receptor agonists [18F] for use in peroperative optical imaging of invasive tainty in involved-node radiation therapy (INRT) roendocrine tumors: A prospective study of 172 absorbed dose and effect on long-term survival. tumor expression patterns and prognostic value in Cimbi-92 and [18F]Cimbi-150. J Labelled Comp cancer. US-20170304468A1. October 26, 2017. for early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma: on behalf of patients. Neuroendocrinology 2017; (105):164. J Nucl Med 2017; 58 (4):598-604. oral cancer. BMC Cancer 2017; 17 (1):572. 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Ekberg C, Jensen H, Mezyk SP, Mincher BJ, Skarne- Posse S. Safety and EEG data quality of concurrent Guldbrandsen KF, Hendel HW, Langer SW, Fischer Resting Cerebral Blood Flow in Middle Aged Men. for myocardial perfusion imaging. Clin Physiol Jürgens TP, Barloese M, May A, Láinez JM, Schoenen mark G. Extraction of 211At from nitric acid high-density EEG and high-speed fMRI at 3 Tesla. BM. Nuclear Molecular Imaging Strategies in Im- PLoS One 2017; 12 (1):e0169912. Funct Imaging 2017; 37 (6):710-716. J, Gaul C, Goodman AM, Caparso A, Jensen RH. solutions into various organic solvents for use as PLoS One 2017; 12 (5):e0178409. mune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy. Diagnostics Holm S, Mawlawi O, Beyer T. PET/CT. In: Dahlbom Ishøy PL, Knop FK, Broberg BV, Bak N, Andersen Long-term effectiveness of sphenopalatine gangli- an α-source for radiation chemistry studies. Fosbøl M, Reving S, Petersen EH, Rossing P, Lajer M, 2017; 7 (2):23. M (ed). Physics of PET and SPECT imaging. 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J Cereb Blood Flow Metab Elmelund M, Klarskov N, Bagi P, Oturai PS, Bier- gelbaum MA, Zadeh G, Dhermain F, Weller M, fersen US, Jensen CV, Petersen CL, von der Recke P, barrier disruption, during attacks of migraine with algorithm for the hrrt: A striatum-phantom study 2017; 37 (2):425-436. ing-Sørensen F. Renal deterioration after spinal Langen KJ, Tonn JC. PET imaging in patients with Kjær A. Non-ECG-gated CT pulmonary angiography aura. J Neurol 2017; 140 (6):1633-1642. with true motion. IEEE NSS/MIC Conf Rec. 2016, Keizman D, Fosbøl MØ, Reichegger H, Peer A, cord injury is associated with length of detrusor meningioma-report of the RANO/PET Group. and the prediction of right ventricular dysfunction Hougaard A, Amin FM, Larsson HBW, Rostrup E, ISBN: 978-1-5090-1642-6. Rosenbaum E, Desax MC, Neiman V, Petersen PM, contractions during cystometry-A study with a Neuro Oncol 2017; 19 (12):1576-1587. in patients suspected of pulmonary embolism. Clin Ashina M. Increased intrinsic brain connectivity Jensen NL, Pedersen HS, Vestergaard M, Mercer SW, Mueller J, Cathomas R, Gottfried M, Dresler H, median of 41 years follow-up. Neurourol Urodyn Galldiks N, Law I, Pope WB, Arbizu J, Langen K-J. Physiol Funct Imaging 2017; 37 (6):575-581. between pons and somatosensory cortex during Glümer C, Prior A. The impact of socioeconomic Sarid D, Mermershtain W, Rouvinov K, Mortensen 2017; 36 (6):1607-1615. The use of amino acid PET and conventional MRI Haddock B, Holm S, Poulsen JM, Enevoldsen LH, attacks of migraine with aura. Hum Brain Mapp status and multimorbidity on mortality: A popu- J, Gillessen S, Daugaard G, Omlin A.. Imaging Enevoldsen LH, Heaf J, Højgaard L, Zerahn B, Has- for monitoring of brain tumor therapy. Neuro- Larsson HBW, Kjær A, Suetta C. Assessment of muscle 2017; 38 (5):2635-2642. lation-based cohort study. Clin Epidemol 2017; response during therapy with radium-223 for bak P. 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The European Cancer Patient’s Bill of PET Ligand for the High-Affinity γ-Hydroxybutyric throughput rat hotel using transmission-based C, Knudsen LV, Møller K, Thomsen C, Mikkelsen Maier-Hein L. Crowdsourcing for error detection in Karstoft K, Pedersen BK, Krogh-Madsen R. The Rights, update and implementation. ESMO Open Acid Binding Sites. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8 attenuation correction: A phantom study. IEEE JD, Guilloteau D, Knudsen GM, Pinborg LH. The cortical surface delineations. Int J Comput Assist effect of alternate-day caloric restriction on the 2017; 1 (6):e000127. (1):22-27. NSS/MIC Conf Rec. 2016, ISBN978-1-5090- variability of translocator protein signal in brain Radiol Surg 2017; 12 (1): 161-166. metabolic consequences of eight days bed rest in Højgaard L. Hvordan får vi verdens bedste sund- Jensen AI, Binderup T, Ek PK, Grandjean CE, 1642-6. and blood of genotyped healthy humans using Girard R, Fam MD, Zeineddine HA, Tan H, Mikati healthy lean men: a randomized trial. 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Head-to-head comparison of 64Cu-DOTATATE and Krakauer K, Ebdrup BH, Glenthøj BY, Raghava JM, Foged MT, Lindberg U, Vakamudi K, Larsson HBW, P, Engstrøm T, Ripa RS, Kjær A. Rubidium-82 PET Henriksen OM, Hansen NL, Osler M, Mortensen EL, Haarmark C, Andersen KF, Madsen C, Zerahn B. 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT: a prospective study of 59 Nordholm D, Randers L, Rostrup E, Nordentoft M. Pinborg LH, Kjær TW, Fabricius M, Svarer C, imaging is feasible in a rat myocardial infarction Hallam DM, Pedersen ET, Chappell M, Lauritzen Coronary artery calcium score and N-terminal pro- patients with neuroendocrine tumors. J Nucl Med Patterns of white matter microstructure in individ- Ozenne B, Thomsen C, Beniczky S, Paulson OB, model. J Nucl Cardiol 2017; 124:1172-12. MJ, Rostrup E.Sub-Clinical Cognitive Decline and B-type natriuretic peptide as potential gatekeepers 2017; 58 (3):451-457. uals at ultra-high-risk for psychosis: associations to

68 department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet 69 Publications

level of functioning and clinical symptoms. Psychol Overweight or Obesity in Clozapine- or Olanzapine- on Cerebrovascular Reactivity in Patients with lene-Diphosphonate Planar Bone Scintigraphy and Møller S, Munck af Rosenschöld P, Costa J, Law I, Organelles and Single Molecules in Living Cells. Med 2017; 47 (15):2689-2707. Treated Patients With Schizophrenia Spectrum Becker Muscular Dystrophy. Neurotherapeutics Whole-Body SPECT/CT with 18F-Fluoride PET/CT Poulsen HS, Engelholm SA, Engelholm S. Toxicity Chem NZ 2017; 117 (5):4342-4375. Krustrup P, Skoradal M-B, Randers MB, Weihe P, Uth Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Arch Gen 2017; 14 (1):182-190. and 18F-Fluoride PET/MRI for Diagnosing Bone and efficacy of re-irradiation of high-grade glioma Nørbak-Emig H, Pinborg LH, Raghava JM, Svarer J, Mortensen J, Mohr M. Broad-spectrum health Psychiatry 2017; 74 (7):719-728. Lindquist SG, Møller LB, Dali CI, Marner L, Kamstees Metastases. J Nucl Med 2017; 58 (11):1778-1785. in a phase I dose- and volume escalation trial. C, Baaré WFC, Allerup P, Friberg L, Rostrup E, improvements with one year of soccer training in Larsson HBW, Vestergaard MB, Lindberg U, Iversen EJ, Nielsen JE, Hjermind LE. A Novel TTBK2 De Madsen K, Hesby S, Poulsen I, Fuglsang S, Graff Radiother Oncol 2017; 125 (2):223-227. Glenthøj B, Ebdrup BH. Extrastriatal dopamine inactive mildly hypertensive middle-aged women. HK, Cramer SP. Brain capillary transit time hetero- Novo Mutation in a Danish Family with Early-On- J, Larsen KB, Kammersgaard LP, Law I, Siebner H. Nepper-Christensen L, Lønborg J, Ahtarovski KA, Høf- D2/3 receptors and cortical grey matter volumes Scand J Med Sci Sports 2017; 27 (12):1893-1901. geneity in healthy volunteers measured by dynamic set Spinocerebellar Ataxia. Cerebellum 2017; 16 Comparison of Analytical Methods of Brain [18F] sten DE, Kyhl K, Ghotbi AA, Schoos MM, Göransson in antipsychotic-naïve schizophrenia patients Kyhl K, Lønborg J, Hartmann B, Kissow H, Poulsen contrast-enhanced T1 -weighted perfusion MRI. (1):268-71. FDG-PET after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. C, Nertelsen L, Køber L, Helqvist S, Pedersen F, before and after initial antipsychotic treatment. SS, Ali HE, Kjær A, Dela F, Engstrøm T, Treiman M. JMRI 2017; 45 (6):1809-1820. Loft M, Sun Y, Liu C, Camilla C, Huang D, Kjær A, J Neurosci Methods 2017; 176-181. Saünamaki K, Jørgensen E, Kelbæk H, Holmvang World J Biol Psychiatry 2017; 18 (7):539-549. Lack of effect of prolonged treatment with liraglu- Lassen ML, Muzik O, Beyer T, Hacker M, Ladefoged Cheng Z. Improved positron emission tomography Mandrup CM, Egelund J, Nyberg M, Lundberg Slings- L, Vejlstrup N, Engstrøm T. Left Ventricular Hyper- Nørgaard M, Ganz M, Svarer C, Fisher PM, Churchill tide on cardiac remodeling in rats after acute myo- CN, Gonzalez JC, Wadsak W, Rausch I, Langer O, imaging of glioblastoma cancer using novel by MH, Andersen CB, Løgstrup S, Bangsbo J, Suetta trophy Is Associated With Increased Infarct Size NW, Beliveau V, Grady C, Strother SC, Knudsen GM. cardial infarction. Peptides 2017; 93:1-12. Bauer M. Reproducibility of quantitative brain Ga-labeled peptides targeting the urokinase-type C, Stallknecht B, Hellsten Y. Effects of high-intensity and Decreased Myocardial Salvage in Patients With Brain Networks Implicated in Seasonal Affective Ladefoged CN, Law I, Anazodo U, St K, Izquierdo- imaging using a PET-only and a combined PET/MR plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR). Amino training on cardiovascular risk factors in premeno- ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Un- Disorder: A Neuroimaging PET Study of the Seroto- garcia D, Catana C, Burgos N, Cardoso MJ, Ourselin system. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:396. Acids 2017; 49 (6):1089-1100. pausal and postmenopausal women. Am J Obstet dergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Interven- nin Transporter. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:614. S, Hutton B, Mérida I, Costes N, Hammers A, Be- Lauridsen TK, Iversen KK, Ihlemann N, Hasbak P, Lohse Z, Bytoft B, Knorr S, Clausen TD, Beck Jensen Gynecol 2017; 216 (4):384. tion. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6 (1): e004823. Pauls MMH, Clarke N, Trippier S, Betteridge S, Howe noit D, Holm S, Juttukonda M, An H, Cabello J, Loft A, Berthelsen AK, Dahl A, Dejanovic D, Albrecht- R, Beck-Nielsen H, Hermann AP, Oturai P, Frystyk J, Marner L, Henriksen OM, Lundemann M, Larsen VA, Nielsen J, Gejl KD, Hey-Mogensen M, Holmberg HC, FA, Khan U, Kruuse C, Madigan JB, Moynihan B, Lukas M, Nekolla S, Ziegler S, Fenchel M, Jakoby Beste E, Mortensen J, Kjær A, Bundgaard H, Damm P, Gravholt CH, Højlund K, Jensen DM. Law I. Clinical PET/MRI in neurooncology: oppor- Suetta C, Krustrup P, Elemans CPH, Ørtenblad N. Pereira AC, Rolfe D, Rostrup E, Haig CE, Barrick B, Casey ME, Benzinger T, Højgaard L, Hansen AE, Bruun NE. Clinical utility of 18F-FDG positron Abnormal levels of adipokines in adolescent tunities and challenges from a single-institution per- Plasticity in mitochondrial cristae density allows TR, Isaacs JD, Hainsworth AH. Perfusion by Arte- Andersen FL. A multi-centre evaluation of eleven emission tomography/computed tomography scan offspring of women with type 1 diabetes - Results spective. Clin Transl Imaging 2017; 5 (2):135-149. metabolic capacity modulation in human skeletal rial Spin labelling following Single dose Taladafil clinically feasible brain PET/MRI attenuation vs. 99mTc-HMPAO white blood cell single-photon from the EPICOM study. Metabolism 2017; 72:47-56. Merchán A, Navarro SV, Klein AB, Aznar S, Campa L, muscle. J Physiol 2017; 595 (9):2839–2847. In Small vessel disease (PASTIS): Study protocol correction techniques using a large cohort of emission computed tomography in extra-cardiac Lund N, Barloese M, Petersen A, Haddock B, Jensen R. Suñol C, Moreno M, Flores P. Tryptophan deple- Nielsen JL, Frandsen U, Prokhorova T, Bech RD, for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2017; 18 patients. Neuroimage 2017; 147:346-359. work-up of infective endocarditis. Int J Cardiovasc Chronobiology differs between men and women tion affects compulsive behaviour in rats: strain de- Nygaard T, Suetta C, Aagaard P. Delayed Effect of (1):229-236. Ladefoged CN, Andersen FL, Kjær A, Højgaard L, Imaging 2017; 33 (5):751-760. with cluster headache, clinical phenotype does pendent effects and associated neuromechanisms. Blood Flow-restricted Resistance Training on Perfalk E, Cunha-Bang SD, Holst KK, Keller S, Svarer Law I. Resolute PET/MRI Attenuation Correction Lebech AM, Gaardsting A, Loft A, Graff J, Markova not. Neurology 2017; 88 (11):1069-1076. Psychopharmacology 2017; 234 (8):1223-1236. Rapid Force Capacity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 49 C, Knudsen GM, Frokjær VG. Testosterone levels in for O-(2-F-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (FET) in Brain E, Bertelsen AK, Madsen JL, Andersen KF, Benzon Lundemann M, Costa JC, Law I, Engelholm SA, Michelsen MM, Mygind ND, Pena A, Olsen RH, Chris- (6):1157-1167. healthy men correlate negatively with serotonin 4 Tumor Patients with Metal Implants. Front Neurosci EV, Helms M, Mathiesen LR, David KP, Kronborg Muhic A, Poulsen HS, Munck af Rosenschold P. tensen TE, Ghotbi AA, Hasbak P, Kjær A, Gustafsson Nielsen JL, Aagaard P, Prokhorova TA, Nygaard T, receptor binding. Psychoneuroendocrinol 2017; 2017; 11:453. G, Kjær A. Whole body 18F-FDG PET/CT is Patterns of failure for patients with glioblastoma I, Hansen PR, Hansen HS, Høst N, Kastrup J, Prescott Bech RD, Suetta C, Frandsen U. Blood flow re- 81:22-28. Langhans L, Tvedskov TF, Klausen TL, Jensen MB, superior to CT as first line diagnostic imaging following O-(2-[(18)F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine E. Transthoracic Doppler echocardiography com- stricted training leads to myocellular macrophage Petersen IN, Kristensen JL, Herth MM. Nucleophilic Talman ML, Vejborg I, Benian C, Roslind A, Her- in patients referred with serious non-specific PET- and MRI-guided radiotherapy. Radiother pared with positron emission tomography for assess- infiltration and upregulation of heat shock pro- 18F-labeling of spirocyclic iodonium ylide or bo- mansen J, Oturai PS, Bentzon N, Kroman N. Radio- symptoms or signs of cancer: a randomized pro- Oncol 2017; 122 (3):380-386. ment of coronary microvascular dysfunction: The teins, but no apparent muscle damage. J Physiol ronic pinacol ester precursors: Advantages and dis- active Seed Localization or Wire-guided Locali- spective study of 200 patients. J Nucl Med 2017; Löfgren J, Loft A, Barbosa de Lima VA, Østerlind K, iPOWER study. Int J Cardiol 2017; 228:435-443. 2017; 595 (14):4857-4873. advantages. European J Org Chem 2017; 453-458. zation of Nonpalpable Invasive and In Situ Breast 58 (7):1058-1064. von Benzon E, Højgaard L. Clinical importance of Mogensen MB, Loft A, Aznar M, Axelsen T, Vainer Norregaard K, Jørgensen JT, Simón M, Melander F, Petersen IN, Hansen HD, Madsen J, Villadsen J, Cancer: A Randomized, Multicenter, Open-label Lehnert P, Møller CH, Mortensen J, Kjærgaard J, Olsen re-interpretation of PET/CT scanning in patients B, Osterlind K, Kjær A. FLT-PET for early response Kristensen LK, Bendix PM, Andresen TL, Odders- Jensen AA, Lehel S, Gillings N, Herth MM, Knudsen Trial. Ann Surg 2017; 266 (1):29-35. PS, Carlsen J. Surgical embolectomy compared referred to a tertiary care medical centre. Clin evaluation of colorectal cancer patients with liver hede LB, Kjær A. 18F-FDG PET/CT-based early GM, Kristensen JL. 18F-labelling of electron rich Larsen JR, Vedtofte L, Jakobsen MSL, Jespersen HR, to thrombolysis in acute pulmonary embolism: Physiol Funct Imaging 2017; 37 (2):143-147. metastases: a prospective study. EJNMMI Research treatment response evaluation of nanoparticle- iodonium ylides: application to the radiosynthesis Jakobsen MI, Svensson CK, Koyuncu K, Schjer- morbidity and mortality. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg Löfgren J, Mortensen J, Rasmussen SH, Madsen C, 2017; 7 (1):1-56. assisted photothermal cancer therapy. PLoS One of potential 5-HT2A receptor PET ligands. Chemistry ning O, Oturai PS, Kjær A, Nielsen J, Holst JJ, 2017; 51 (2):354-361. Loft A, Hansen AE, Oturai P, Jensen KE, Mørk ML, Munkholm M, Madsen F, Hanel B, Mortensen J. 2017; 12 (5):e0177997. 2017; 15( 20):4351-4358. Ekstrøm CT, Correll CU, Vilsbøll T, Fink-Jensen A. Lindberg U, Witting N, Jørgensen SL, Vissing J, Reichkendler M, Højgaard L, Fischer BM. A Pro- Spirometri – anvendelighed og kvalitetssikring. Norregaard K, Metzler R, Ritter CM, Berg-Sørensen Poulsen SH, Urup T, Grunnet K, Christensen IJ, Larsen Effect of Liraglutide Treatment on Prediabetes and Rostrup E, Larsson HB, Kruuse C. Effects of Sildenafil spective Study Comparing 99mTc-Hydroxy-ethy- Best Practice. 2017; Jan. K, Oddershede LB. Manipulation and Motion of VA, Jensen ML, af Rosenschöld PM, Poulsen

70 department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet 71 Publications

HS, Law I. The prognostic value of FET PET at Rasmussen LJH, Schultz M, Gaardsting A, Ladelund Jensen AI, Frellsen AF, Jensen KM, Elema DR, Stenbæk DS, Dam VH, Fisher PM, Hansen N, Hjordt Vensby PH, Schmidt G, Kjær A, Fischer BM. The val- spectroscopy: a systematic review. Curr Opin Neu- radiotherapy planning in newly diagnosed glio- S, Garred P, Iversen K, Eugen-Olsen J, Helms M, Maecke H, Kjær A, Johnston K. Neodymium-140 LV, Frøkjær VG. No evidence for a role of the sero- ue of FDG PET/CT for follow-up of patients with rol 2017; 30 (3):246-262. blastoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2017; 44 David KP, Kjær A, Lebech AM, Kronborg G. Inflam- DOTA-LM3: Evaluation of a Generator for PET tonin 4 receptor in five-factor personality traits: A melanoma: a retrospective analysis. Am J Nucl Ørbæk M, Hasbak P, Sejersten Ripa R, Kjær A, Lebech (3):373-381. matory biomarkers and cancer: CRP and uPAR as with a Non-Internalizing Vector. Front Med 2017; positron emission tomography brain study. PLoS Med Mol Imaging 2017; 7 (6):255-262. A-M, Knudsen A. Comparison of the Peripheral Pourhassan H, Clergeaud G, Hansen AE, Østrem markers of incident cancer in patients with serious 4:98. One 2017; 12 (9):e0184403. Vestergaard MB, Lindberg U, Aachmann-Andersen Reactive Hyperemia Index with Myocardial Per- RG, Fliedner FP, Melander F, Nielsen OL, O’Sulli- nonspecific symptoms and signs of cancer. Int J Skibsted AP, Cunha-Bang S, Carré JM, Hansen AE, Suetta C. Plasticity and function of human skeletal NJ, Lisbjerg K, Christensen SJ, Rasmussen P, Olsen fusion Reserve by (82)Rb PET/CT in HIV-Infected van CK, Kjær A, Andresen TL. Revisiting the use of Cancer 2017; 141 (1):191-199. Beliveau V, Knudsen GM, Fisher PM. Aggression- muscle in relation to disuse and rehabilitation: NV, Law I, Larsson HB, Henriksen OM. Comparison Patients. Diagnostics 2017; 7 (2):31. sPLA-sensitive liposomes in cancer therapy. Rasmussen JH, Nørgaard M, Hansen AE, Vogelius IR, related brain function assessed with the Point Influence of ageing and surgery. Dan Med Bull of global cerebral blood flow measured by phase- Østrem RG, Parhamifar L, Pourhassan H, Clergeaud 15 J Control Release 2017; 261:163-173. Aznar MC, Johannesen HH, Costa J, Engberg AM, Subtraction Aggression Paradigm in fMRI. Aggres- 2017; 64 (8). contrast mapping MRI with O-H2O positron G, Nielsen OL, Kjær A, Hansen AE, Andresen TL. Qayyum AA, Kühl JT, Kjær A, Hasbak P, Kofoed KF, Kjær A, Specht L, Fischer BM. Feasibility of Mul- sive Behav 2017; 43 (6):601-610. Sundin A, Arnold R, Baudin E, Cwikla JB, Eriksson B, emission tomography. J Magn Res Imaging Secretory phospholipase A2 responsive liposomes Kastrup J. Semi-quantitative myocardial perfusion tiparametric Imaging with PET/MR in Head and Skovgaard D, Persson M, Brandt-Larsen M, Christensen Fanti S, Fazio N, Giammarile F, Hicks RJ, Kjær A, 2017:692-699. exhibit a potent anti-neoplastic effect in vitro, measured by computed tomography in patients Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Nucl Med 2017; C, Madsen J, Klausen TL, Holm S, Andersen FL, Krenning E, Kwekkeboom D, Lombard-Bohas C, von Scholten BJ, Persson F, Svane MS, Hansen TW, but induce unforeseen severe toxicity in vivo. J with refractory angina: a head-to-head compari- 58 (1):69-74. Loft A, Berthelsen AK, Pappot H, Brasso K, Kroman O´Connoer JM, O´Toole D, Rockall A, Wiedemann Madsbad S, Rossing P. Effect of large weight reduc- Control Release 2017; 262:212-221. son with quantitative rubidium-82 positron emis- Rasmussen GB, Vogelius IR, Mathias T, Rasmussen N, Hoejgaard L, Kjær A. Safety, dosimetry and B, Valle JW, Vullierme MP; all other Antibes Con- tions on measured and estimated kidney function. Aarup A, Nielsen CH, Bisgaard LS, Bot I, El-Ali sion tomography as reference. Clin Physiol Funct JH, Zhang Y, Fischer BM, Therkildsen MH, Specht tumor detection ability of 68Ga-NOTA-AE105 - a sensus Conference participants. ENETS Consensus BMC Nephrology 2017; 18 (1):52. HH, Kjær A, Nielsen LB, Pedersen TX. Uremia does Imaging 2017; 37 (5):481-488. L, Bentzen SM. Immunohistochemical and molecu- novel radioligand for uPAR PET imaging: first-in- Guidelines for the Standards of Care in Neuroen- von Scholten BJ, Persson F, Rosenlund S, Hovind not affect neointima formation in mice. Sci Rep Qayyum AA, Qayyum F, Larsson HB, Kjær A, Hasbak lar imaging biomarker signature for the prediction humans study. J Nucl Med 2017; 58 (3):379-386. docrine Tumors: Radiological, Nuclear Medicine & P, Faber J, Hansen TW, Rossing P. The effect of li- 2017; 7 (1):6496. P, Vejlstrup NG, Kastrup J. Comparison of rest of failure site after chemoradiation for head and Skovgaard D, Svensson RB, Scheijen J, Eliasson P, Hybrid Imaging. Neuroendocrinology 2017; 105 raglutide on renal function: A randomized clinical and adenosine stress quantitative and semi-quan- neck squamous cell carcinoma. Acta Oncol 2017; Mogensen P, Hag AMF, Kjær M, Schalkwijk CG, (3):212-244. trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2017; 19 (2):239-247. titative myocardial perfusion using magnetic 56 (11):1562-1570. Schjerling P, Magnusson SP, Couppé C. An Svenstrup K, Nielsen TT, Aidt F, Rostgaard N, Duno Wahlstrøm KL, Novovic S, Ersbøll AK, Hasbak P, resonance in patients with ischemic heart disease. Rausch I, Rischka L, Ladefoged CN, Furtner J, advanced glycation endproduct (AGE)-rich diet M, Wibrand F, Vinther-Jensen T, Law I, Vissing J, Jørgensen LN, Berner Hansen M. Serotonin, cal- Clinical MRI 2017; 41:149-156. Fenchel M, Hahn A, Lanzenberger R, Mayerhoefer promotes accumulation of AGEs in Achilles Roos P, Hjermind LE, Nielsen JE. SCA28: Novel citonin and calcitonin gene-related peptide in Rafiq S, Johansson PI, Kofoed KF, Lund JT, Olsen PS, ME, Traub-Weidinger T, Beyer T. PET/MRI for On- tendon. Physiol Rep 2017; 5 (6). Mutation in the AFG3L2 Proteolytic Domain acute pancreatitis. Scand J Gastroenterol 2017; 52 Bentsen S, Steinbrüchel DA. Thrombelastographic cologic Brain Imaging: A Comparison of Standard Specht L, Berthelsen AK. Radiation Therapy in He- Causes a Mild Cerebellar Syndrome with Selective (10):1140-1147. hypercoagulability and antiplatelet therapy after MR-Based Attenuation Corrections with a Model- matologic Malignancies. I Diffuse Large B-Cell Type-1 Muscle Fiber Atrophy. Cerebellum 2017; 16 Wareham NE, Lundgren JD, Da Cunha-Bang C, Gustafs- coronary artery bypass surgery (TEG-CABG trial): Based Approach for the Siemens mMR PET/MR Lymphoma. Springer Verlag 2017: 29. (1):62-67. son F, Iversen M, Johannesen HH, Kjær A, Rasmus- a randomized controlled trial. Platelets 2017; 28 System. J Nucl Med 2017; 58( 9):1519-1525. Stéen EJL, Nyberg N, Lehel S, Lykke Andersen V, Di Tossici-Bolt L, Dickson JC, Sera T, Booij J, Asenbaun- sen A, Sengeløv H, Sørensen SS, Fischer BM. The (8):786-793. Sari H, Erlandsson K, Law I, Larsson HB, Ourselin S, Pilato P, Knudsen GM, Kristensen JL, Herth MM. Nan S, Bagnara MC, Borght TV, Jonsson C, de Nijs R, clinical utility of FDG PET/CT among solid organ Rahbek S, Gutte H, Johannesen HH, Koch J, Jensen Arridge S, Atkinson D, Hutton BF. Estimation of Development of a simple proton nuclear magnetic Hesse S, Koulibaly PM, Akdemir UO, Koole M, Tatsch transplant recipients suspected of malignancy or LK, Dich-Jorgensen K, Jensen H, Hansen A, Kjær A. an image derived input function with MR-defined resonance-based procedure to estimate the ap- K, Varrone A. [123I]FP-CIT ENC-DAT normal data- infection. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2017; 44 Hyperpolarized 13C-MRSI and PET (hyperPET) carotid arteries in FDG-PET human studies using proximate distribution coefficient at physiological base: the impact of the reconstruction and quantifica- (3):421-431. in an osteomyelitis pig model: a pilot study. IEEE a novel partial volume correction method. J Cereb pH (logD7.4): Evaluation and comparison to ex- tion methods. EJNMMI Physics 2017; 4 (1) 8. Yang KC, Stepanov V, Martinsson S, Ettrup A, Takano Transactions on Nuclear Science 2017; 1:2469-7303. Blood Flow 2017; 37 (4):1398-1409. isting practices. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27 Tuominen L, Miettunen J, Cannon DM, Drevets WC, A, Knudsen GM, Halldin C, Farde L, Finnema SJ. Rahbek S, Gutte H, Johannesen HH, Koch J, Jensen Schmidt KK, Grønhøj C, Jensen DH, Wessel I, Chara- (2):319-322. Frokjær VG, Hirvonen J, Ichise M, Jensen PS, Fenfluramine Reduces [11C]Cimbi-36 Binding to LK, Dich-Jorgensen K, Jensen H, Hansen AE, Kjær A. bi BW, Specht L, Kjær A, von Buchwald C. Increas- Stenbæk DS, Fisher PM, Ozenne B, Andersen E, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Klaver JM, Knudsen GM, the 5-HT2A Receptor in the Nonhuman Primate Hyperpolarized 13C-MRSI and PET (hyperPET) in ing incidence and survival in oral cancer: a nation- Hjordt LV, McMahon B, Hasselbalch SG, Frokjær Takano A, Suhara T, Hietala J. Neuroticism asso- Brain. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 20 an Osteomyelitis Pig Model: a Pilot Study. IEEE wide Danish study from 1980 to 2014. Acta Oncol VG, Knudsen GM. Brain serotonin 4 receptor bind- ciates with cerebral in vivo serotonin transporter (9):683-691. Trans Radiat Plasma Med Sci 2017; 1 (2):164- 2017; 56 (9):1204-1209. ing is inversely associated with verbal memory binding differently in males and females. Int J Younis S, Hougaard A, Vestergaard MB, Larsson 167. Severin GW, Kristensen LK, Nielsen CH, Fonslet J, recall. Brain Behav 2017; 7 (4):e00674. Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 20 (12):963-970. HBW, Ashina M. Migraine and magnetic resonance

72 department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet 73 Cluster for Molecular Imaging

Professor Andreas Kjær

The paradigm of precision medicine, i.e. tailoring distribution of the therapeutic ligand and such Figure 1. The major steps involved in PET tracer therapy to the disease characteristics of each imaging-therapy pairs are known as theranostics. development: after identification of an unmet patient, has led to a need for diagnosing at the clinical need, selection of the key-process involved molecular level. Traditional molecular biology Currently, our molecular imaging and theranos- in the pathophysiology of the disease and a relevant methods need tissue sampling for in vitro analysis. tics research program is aimed at development, molecular target is identified. Thereafter, a specific ligand is developed and labeled with a suitable In contrast, molecular imaging allows for non- evaluation and application of molecular imaging/ radionuclide for imaging (or therapy). Target invasive studies at the molecular level at a whole- therapeutic ligands. Key application areas include, validation (specificity) is then initially evaluated in body level in the intact organism. Compared to but are not limited to: 1) individual therapy plan- vitro followed by testing in vivo in relevant animal tissue sampling, image based techniques circum- ning (companion diagnostics), 2) therapy moni- models where also the biodistribution is studied for vent sampling error, i.e. the non-representative- toring and early detection of non-responders, 3) calculation of radiation dosimetry. From animals ness of a biopsy with regard to the disease due to drug development, and 4) radionuclide therapy used in vivo, tissue is excised, which then undergo heterogeneity. Due to the unsurpassed sensitivity (theranostics). Disease wise our translational re- ex vivo investigations, e.g. to confirm target binding of PET, the use of PET ligands for molecular search is in tracer development for non-invasive and expression. Successful, lead candidates are then imaging for precision medicines is most promising. tissue characterization is for the use in cancer, rigorously tested for possible toxicity according to Characteristics that can be imaged include such cardiovascular disease, infection/inflammation, European guidelines and biological and radiochemical tissue characteristics as angiogenesis, cell prolife- metabolic disease (brown adipose tissue) and new data and procedures form the basis for the Investigational Medicinal Product Dossier (IMPD), ration and cancer aggressiveness. We expect such targeted radionuclide therapies for cancer. which is part of the application for human use. PET ligands for individual phenotyping and tissue Following approval by the health authorities, a first- characterization to become game-changing within Development of new molecular imaging tracers in-humans phase I clinical trial may then be initiated. an array of diseases, e.g. cancer and cardiovas- for PET is a complex process that involves many If successful, phase II studies of clinical utility are then cular diseases. In addition to imaging, successful steps from definition of target to final use of the pursued. This may be followed by commercialization to ligands may be developed into radionuclide thera- tracer in patients. The major steps involved in PET reach clinical use on a broader basis. Imaging ligands pies if they are labeled with alpha or beta-emitting tracer development and translation into patients may also be used as a starting point for new targeted isotopes. The imaging companion may predict the are shown in figure 1. therapies, in particular radionuclide based therapies.

74 department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet Figure 4. As the first, we succesfully applied82 Rb-myocardial perfusion imaging in rats. Left: 82Rb-PET/CT in a rat. Right, upper panel: baseline 82Rb-imaging, lower panel: follow-up after left anterior descending artery ligation for induction of myocardial infarction. Please note the clear lateral perfusion defect seen on the PET imaging following induction of myocardial infarction. Late gadolinium enhancement MRI (not shown) confirmed the myocardial infarction to be located in the hypoperfused area. (Clemmensen A, Ghotbi A, et al. J Nucl Cardiol 2017)

Figure 5. How robot-assisted optical guided surgery using our uPAR targeting probe ICG-glu-glu-AE105 works. An orthotopically implanted human pancreatic xenograft tumor was resected using a clinical surgical robot equipped with near-infrared vision. Image to the left in white light where it can be difficult to identify the exact borders of the tumor in the pancreas model. Image to the right with near-infrared vision activated clearly lights up the uPAR positive tumor, helping the surgeon to obtain negative margins and a better outcome. (Christensen A, Juhl K, et al. Oncotarget 2017)

1 Figure 2. Comparison of the different in vivo models By establishment in 2003 of Cluster for Molecu- implantation (PDOX) to even better mimic the Recently, a breakthrough in cancer therapy has surgical procedures. We apply various PET tracers Some tissue characteristics currently targeted used by us in the development and testing of new lar Imaging at the Faculty of Health and Medical conditions in cancer patients regarding the tumor been achieved with immunotherapies that sup- for the study of cardiovascular disease and were for imaging: PET tracers and targeted radionuclide therapies for Sciences, University of Copenhagen, a specialized microenvironment, which is of great importance port the immune system to fight cancers. This recently the first ever to successfully apply82 Rb-PET 33 Cancer specific receptors (numerous projects, cancer facility at the Panum Institute for molecular im- for tumorigenesis. success of immunotherapies has prompted us to for myocardial perfusion in rats (Figure 4). e.g. SST, HER2, Tissue Factor, EGFRvIII) aging in animals with PET, SPECT, CT, MRI and establish numerous models of syngeneic cancers 33 Glycolytic activity (PET and hyperpolarized 3 optical imaging was established. This is a key Over more than a decade, we have refined our as well as initiate work with humanized (with With the increasing focus on radionuclide thera- MRSI) Figure 3. Specific imaging of CD8+ cells using a novel PET tracer developed by us. Note the high component of our translational capabilities since translational platform for development of new regard to the immune system) animal models. pies, Cluster for Molecular Imaging has recently 33 Cell proliferation uptake in lymph nodes (CLN, ALN, ILN), thymus it allows us to test novel tracers and radionuclide PET tracers. Regarding cancer, the platform in- Only by using such models, is it possible to study added SPECT/CT capabilities to our existing 33 Amino acid transport and spleen. Also high uptake in an immunogenic therapies in animal models as basis for selection cludes early use of promising PET tracers in com- the interaction between cancer and the immune PET/MRI/MRS capabilities. SPECT/CT will in 33 Angiogenesis tumor. High activity in kidneys represents excretion and translation into clinical use. Accordingly, we panion dogs with spontaneous tumors scheduled system as well as immunotherapies. The goal is to particular be used to visualize 177Lu-labeled 33 Hypoxia (Kellerman L, Nielsen CH, et al. AACR 2018) currently have a broad pipeline of PET tracers for cancer therapy. This allows for testing in help unfolding the immense potential of immu- radionuclide therapy ligands to investigate bio- 33 Apoptosis and radionuclide therapies in pre-clinical test- “full-size” as well as evaluation of tumor-stroma notherapies that are currently hampered by low distribution and binding to tumors. In addition, 33 Necrosis ing. We expect several of these candidates to be interaction due to the syngeneic tumor environ- response rates. For this purpose, we are develop- we have obtained approval for animal experiments 33 Invasive cancer phenotype taken into clinical trials and become available for ment. In this way, we bridge between xenograft ing imaging ligands that can track the immune using alpha-emitting therapy, which is more 33 Atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability human use over the next years. We continuously models and first-in-human studies. This bridging response, e.g. cytotoxic T-cells (CD8) (Figure 3). effective due to the high linear energy transfer 33 Immune-response have a strong focus on use and development of is unique and has attracted international atten- (LET). Also, preclinical studies in the field of 33 Myocardial perfusion more predictive animal models for PET tracer and tion. The comparative advantage and pros and Within the cardiovascular area, we have intro- hyperpolarized 13C-MRS and PET (hyperPET) radionuclide therapy development. This includes cons of the different cancer models are shown in duced and further developed animal models of are performed in collaboration with DTU. Finally, use of orthotopically implanted human xeno- figure 2. cardiovascular diseases including models of athe- optical imaging has gained translational potential graft tumors as well as metastatic cancer models rosclerosis, myocardial infarction and heart fail- as it can be used intraoperatively for delineation using human cancer cell lines. Increasingly, we ure. In this focus, we use mice, rats, minipigs and of tumors and in particular when robotic surgery use patient-derived tumors (PDX) for orthotopic rabbits. Many of the models include complicated is performed (Figure 5).

76 department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet 77 Research

Figure showing PET imaging of angiogenesis using our new tracer 68Ga-NODAGA-

RGD2 PET tracer in a patient with a neuroendocrine tumor (NET). Note the high uptake in the primary tumor (arrow), (Clausen MM, Skovgaard D et al. 2017). We foresee angiogenesis PET to be used for the selection of patients suitable for receiving antiangiogenesis therapies

Professor Andreas Kjær

A continuous focus on research and development New tracers As part of our research program, we developed is a key activity of our department. We have over Numerous projects aimed at development of a comprehensive platform for validation of new the years build, and continuously strengthened, a new PET and SPECT tracers for non-invasive tracers, including cell laboratory, molecular bio- comprehensive research program aimed at devel- specific tissue characterization, phenotyping, logy (proteomics and genomics), histology and oping innovative solutions to solve unmet clinical are currently undertaken. These novel tracers biomarker laboratory. We currently have several needs. We constantly adjust our research program will be used for diagnosing, staging, risk strati- other promising new PET tracers in our develop- to be clinically relevant and timely. Our research fication, and therapy planning and monitoring. mental pipeline and expect a continuous transla- program is build on strong in-house competencies Tracers developed at our department, and taken tion of the most promising of these into clinical as well as strategic collaborations with leading first-in-humans by us, include64 Cu-DOTATATE, use over the coming years. international and national research groups with 64Cu-DOTA-AE105, 68Ga-NOTA-AE105, and 68 complementary capabilities and expertise. The Ga-NODAGA-RGD2. Once taken successfully focus of our research program is development of first-in-humans, we investigate in phase II clini- PET/MRI new tracers for PET, PET/MRI hybrid imaging, cal trials the utility of the tracers in a clinical set- Being one of the first departments to have a hybrid radionuclide therapies (theranostics), clinical ting to establish where they may be of particular PET/MRI scanner installed, we continuously have evaluation of new diagnostic methods, and the value. Accordingly, 68Ga-NOTA-AE105, which is expanded our research program on PET/MRI with use of methods from clinical physiology and nuclear a marker of cancer aggressiveness and metastatic focus on the added value of combining molecular medicine to study pathophysiology. Translational potential (the invasive phenotype), is currently imaging with PET and multiparametric MRI. A research in molecular imaging is given special being tested in 7 phase II protocols in different large number of clinical trials is currently under- 68 attention in order to accelerate translation of new cancer types. Likewise, Ga-NODAGA-RGD2, an taken for this purpose. In addition, we develop new tracers into clinical use in patients. Current major angiogenesis PET tracer, has entered Phase II protocols for PET/MRI. The goal is to improve tissue research areas, seeking to fulfill unmet patients clinical trials. characterization and response monitoring ability in needs, are briefly described below. cancer treatment, paediatric studies, brain studies

department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet 79 and atherosclerotic plaque characterization. Focus 7 Research of MRI includes the use of diffusion weighted im- Figure showing head-to-head comparison of ages (DWI)/apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) 18F-FLT and 18F-FDG in neuroendocrine tumor and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). With (NET) patients. Upper panel: Bone metastasis access to matching preclinical PET and MRI, we are (arrows) from small intestinal NET seen on capable of working translational when developing 18F-FLT, but not on 18F-FDG PET. Lower panel: and evaluating new methods. As an example, the Primary NET (arrows) seen on both 18F-FLT and use of PET/MRI for radiation therapy planning 18F-FDG, but additional foci only seen on 18F-FDG and response monitoring is being evaluated both (from Bardram C et al. J Nucl Med 2017) preclinically and clinically. Also, the added value of multiparametric imaging combining information from both PET and MRI is currently studied.

Hyperpolarized 13C-MRSI combined with PET - hyperPET Our department was the first to install a dynamic nuclear polarized (DNP) for hyperpolarization of 13C-labeled compounds next to a PET/MRI scanner. We have used this combined set-up for development of and research in the combination of hyperpolarized 13C-MRS and PET, a combina- and both in children and in adults. Head-to-head Neuro PET A particular area of interest is development of tion we named hyperPET. We have so far studied comparison of new PET tracers and established Studies on brain tumors are currently undertaken new methods and clinical application of new func- the use of hyperPET for tissue characterization in imaging methods is also an area of interest. The using PET/MR, PET/CT and HRRT PET. Brain tional and molecular MR methods. Methods are cancer, cardiovascular disease and inflammation/ use of PET/CT for the planning of radiation therapy tumors are in particular studied with the amino aimed at obtaining information on tissue physiology, infection. Using 13C-pyruvate, we have continued (“dose-painting”) and the use of respiratory acid tracer FET but also with several of our novel organ perfusion, and molecular biology. our studies of the Warburg effect and compared gating are also currently being evaluated. Many in-house developed tracers, e.g. uPAR-targeting it to glucose utilization and thereby FDG uptake. of these studies also include PET/MRI to study the ligands. Studies of brain perfusion using PET or As a next step, we now combine 13C-pyruvate with added value compared to PET/CT. DCE-CT are also performed. In addition, attention Atherosclerosis non-FDG PET tracers as well as study non-pyru- is given to imaging of dementia using various new With the ability to non-invasively visualize athero- vate 13C-compounds. Based on our results obtained Paediatric nuclear medicine investigations tracers. In cooperation with Neurobiology Re- sclerosis and predict vulnerability of atherosclerotic so far, hyperPET may be superior in cancer pheno- The department undertakes many paediatric in- search Unit and Centre for Integrated Molecular plaques using PET/MRI and PET/CT, several typing and response monitoring and has the vestigations and is involved in an array of Brain Imaging, neuroreceptor ligands have been translational and clinical studies are performed. potential for clinical use. prospective protocols in paediatric patients. developed and used for research in neurobiology. In particular, the quantification of low-grade vas- These research protocols, using of PET and SPECT, The focus has mainly been on the serotonergic cular inflammation, seen as part of the athero- are carried out in cooperation with clinical system. sclerotic process, has been in focus. These methods Clinical PET/CT in oncology departments, particularly within oncology and are currently used for evaluation of effects of Numerous prospective clinical protocols are on- function of the hepato-biliary system. Also pharmacological therapies, e.g. GLP-1 analogues. going aimed at evaluation of the diagnostic and targeted radionuclide therapy for cancer in Functional MR In addition, patient groups at risk are studied and prognostic value of PET/CT using various tracers, children is currently an area of intense interest. With focus on the brain, studies of functional MR special focus is on the value of new specific PET including the ones developed in-house. The Finally, the use of PET/MRI in children to save are undertaken in close collaboration with clinical tracers, e.g. for the study of macrophage activa- studies are performed in various types of cancer radiation dose is also being investigated. departments including neurology and psychiatry. tion. The ambition is to develop an image-based

department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet 81 7 the best way to visualize and evaluate rejection re- PET ligands targeting cancer specific targets into Research Figure showing a case from a randomized prospective actions are performed. In some studies, the added near-infrared optical probes. These probes will study of 200 patients referred with serious nonspecific value of MR-derived parameters of PET/MR be used for intraoperative delineation of cancer symptoms or signs of cancer. The study showed that is studied. Our department is a partner in the to ensure negative margins while leaving normal 18F-FDG PET/CT should be considered first-line imaging PERSIMUNE program, personalized medicine of tissue intact. This will potentially lead to better rather than CT only. The case shown was a 77 year old infection complications in immune deficiency. patient outcome, including survival and quality of male where PET/CT as initial imaging modality showed Currently, special attention is given to develop- life. The technology will be used in pair with pre- increased 18F-FDG in vessel walls and the patient was ment of new PET ligands for specific imaging of operative PET imaging of the same target. Optical diagnosed with large vessel vasculitis with subsequent good the immune response, e.g. CD8 imaging. These imaging will be particularly promising in concert response to prednisolone (from Lebech AM, et al. J Nucl tracers will also be applicable within immune with the use of surgical robots that come with Med 2017) oncology, where they can serve to better under- build-in optical capabilities. standing of the mechanisms behind immune response during tumorigenesis and as a tool to select patients eligible for specific immunotherapies. Whole body counting In a series of collaborative studies, we apply whole body counting for precise measurements Radionuclide therapy and theranostics of body composition. Moreover, studies on the Increased attention is given to development and absorption of certain minerals from the gastro- use of targeted radionuclide therapy using both intestinal tract are undertaken. beta- or alpha-emitting specific ligands targeting relevant cancer characteristics. The department algorithm for identification of patients at risk that groups of patients, e.g. HIV, CMV infected and department, of the nose and lungs. Finally, the takes part in research within this area by testing will benefit from surgery. We were the first to hepatitis patients. On basis of this, screening algo- department is participating in a large study colleting new ligands and producing relevant therapeutic publish data showing advantage of PET/MRI over rithms for detection of ischaemic heart disease are data for a lung function test reference database. isotopes. In particular, we in-house develop new PET/CT for carotid artery imaging and we continue evaluated. Some of the studies are combined with theranostics based on promising imaging ligands, to refine and develop vascular imaging using PET tracers characterizing other aspects of the which are then labeled with beta or alpha emit- PET/MRI with novel PET tracers. myocardium, e.g. its viability and regeneration. Studies of muscle function ting radionuclides. Cancers that are currently With the use of methods from clinical physiology being targeted clinically include neuroendocrine and nuclear medicine as well as molecular analyses, tumors, prostate cancer, and ovarian cancer. Nuclear cardiology Lung studies muscle function, bone density, and body composi- Treatment with radionuclides will in part be Taking advantage of our ability to measure abso- A large number of studies using lung function tion are studied. The current focus is on the effect based on imaging using new tracers for molecular lute myocardial perfusion and myocardial flow testing and lung scintigraphy in different patient of exercise, immobilization and ageing. In addi- profiling or the same ligand as the therapy (thera- reserve by 82Rb PET, we study the regulation of groups, e.g. lung transplantation and endobron- tion, data are collected on the same parameters nostics) for better outcome and fewer side effects. these parameters in various cardiovascular diseases chial stenting for emphysema, are performed. from a population-based study. These data will The concept of a tracer that visualizes the target and the predictive value of the measures, e.g. final Accordingly, we recently demonstrated the value serve as a reference database and elucidate prior to starting therapy is also known as infarct size. Also the influence of interventions of combined use of SPECT/CT for diagnosing markers to predict aging-related diseases. companion diagnostics. including stem cell therapy, gene therapy and phar- pulmonary embolism. The value of biomarkers in macological treatment is studied using 82Rb PET. combination with imaging is also studied. In addi- With the use of 123I-MIBG, the cardiac sympathetic tion, evaluation of the different ventilation tracers Inflammation, infection and rejection Image guided surgery innervation and activity may be measured. With for assessment of ventilation inhomogeneity, is Presently, several studies with focus on non- Optical imaging ligands are increasingly used for the use of SPECT/CT or PET/CT, the development undertaken. Research is also being conducted into invasive imaging of inflammation and infection guiding cancer surgery. Together with clinical of ischaemic heart diseases is studied in selected mucociliary clearance, a method pioneered at the are undertaken at the department. Also studies on departments, we develop our most promising

82 department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet Collaboration with Landssygehuset, Faroe Islands

Professor Jann Mortensen and Chief Physicist Thomas Levin Klausen

The Faroe Islands population of 50,000 is served Second opinion on scintigraphies and lung function by 2 smaller hospitals in Klaksvík and Tvøroyri and measurements is provided via a direct telemedicine the larger National Hospital of the Faroe Islands, connection. Landssjúkrahúsið in Tórshavn. The 3 hospitals have recently been merged into one hospital system with In 2017 the Department of Clinical Physiology and joint leadership. Nuclear Medicine in Tórshavn performed nearly 500 scintigraphies of lungs, bones, thyroid, kidneys and The national hospital has a staff of 850 and 180 renographies on the department´s 2-headed Sky- beds. The 8,000 in-patients and 60,000 out-patients light camera. Around 500 lung function tests were annually are taken care of by 29 specialities, of performed with the Jaeger whole body plethysmo- which 9 are via consultant collaborations, including graph and nearly 650 routine and research DXA collaboration in clinical physiology and nuclear studies were performed with The Norland DXA 840 medicine with our department at Rigshospitalet. scanner. This equals a 40 % increase in the annual numbers of studies compared to 2016. The responsible physician and phycisist for Nuclear Medicine in Tórshavn is Professor , Consultant, Jann Mortensen and Chief Physicist Thomas Levin Klausen.

84 department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet Neurobiology Research Unit

We appreciate the excellent collaboration with Professor Gitte Moos Knudsen, Head of the Neurobiology Research Unit (NRU) at Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen and also Director of the Lundbeck Foundation's Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging (CIMBI) and Innovation Fund Denmark Center for Experimental Medicine NeuroPharmacology (NeuroPharm). The research focus of NRU is neurobiology, physiology and pathophysiology, molecular imaging and neuroreceptor ligands with focus on the serotonergic system. nru.dk | cimbi.dk | neuropharm.eu

86 department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet 87 MSc in Medicine and Technology

In cooperation with the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) and the University of Copenhagen (KU), the department represented by Professor Liselotte Højgaard is involved in the MSc program in Medicine and Technology. It is a five year bioengineering degree at bachelor and master level. The first masters graduated in 2008. You can read more about the program at www.medicin-ing.dk.

At present several of these bioengineers are seconded to the department as PhD students, and we have numerous students working with bachelor and master reports in collaboration with DTU. Photos: DTU Elektro

88 department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet 89 Danish National Research Foundation

Professor Liselotte Højgaard Chairman of the Board of the Danish National Research Foundation

The Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF) through fierce competition involving a two-staging on the State Budget for 2015 to secure the founda- is an independent organisation established by the application process. The objective of the CoE pro- tion to 2036. Danish Parliament in 1991 with the objective to gram is to strengthen Danish research by providing promote and stimulate basic research at the highest the best possible working conditions and organisa- Professor Liselotte Højgaard is chairman of the international level at the frontiers of all scientific tional setup for selected top researchers. Centers Board of the Danish National Research Foundation. fields. The foundation could celebrate the first may be established within or across all fields of successful 25 years November 2016. The Center research. A total of 110 Centers of Excellence have The board members at the end of 2017: Professor of Excellence (CoE) program is the main funding been established so far. Liselotte Højgaard, Professor Eero Vuorio, Professor, mechanism together with the Niels Bohr professor- Dr. Bart De Moor, Professor Christina Moberg, ships. Since 1991 the Foundation has commited In 2013 DNRF was evaluated by an international Professor Morten Overgaard Ravn, Professor Minik itself to support Danish Research with more than 6 panel leader by Dr Wilhelm Krull, Secretary Gene- Rosing, Professor Jesper Ryberg and Professor billion DKK (= 800 mio €). ral of Die Volkswagen Stiftung. The outcome was Anne Scott Sørensen. very positive and showed that the DNRF’s Centers The Center of Excellence is the primary funding of Excellence are on level with the very best re- Professor Søren-Peter Olesen is director of DNRF mechanism and the foundation’s flagship. A center searchers in the world. The outcome was very posi- and Steen Marcus is vice director. A warm thank grant is large and flexible, and a center may have a tive, and a continuation of DNRF was recommend- you to all staff members and directors for an excel- lifetime up to 10 years. Only top researchers with ed to the Danish Parliament and Government. The lent collaboration. the most ambitious ideas will be awarded a CoE Danish Parliament gave the foundation 3 bio DKK

90 department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet department of clinical physiology, nuclear medicine & pet 91 Editors Liselotte Højgaard Vibeke Rønn

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Copyright Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen Blegdamsvej 9 DK 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark

Contact Professor Liselotte Højgaard E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +45 3545 4215 Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET Rigshospitalet, KF Section 4011 Blegdamsvej 9 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark Telephone: +45 3545 4011 Fax no: +45 3545 4015 Mail: [email protected]

Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET Rigshospitalet, PET Section 3982 Blegdamsvej 9 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark Telephone: +45 3545 3919 Fax no: +45 3545 3898 Mail: [email protected]

Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET Rigshospitalet, Glostrup Section Valdemar Hansens Vej 13 Entrance 1, 2nd floor 2600 Glostrup Telephone: +45 3863 2434 Fax no: +45 3863 3928 Mail: [email protected] www.rigshospitalet.dk/afdelinger-og-klinikker/ diagnostisk/klinik-for-klinisk-fysiologi-nuklearmedicin-og-pet