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CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility Annual Report 2015 CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility Annual Report 2015
ISSN 1038–9554
This is the report of the CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility for the calendar year 2015, approved CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility by the Australia Telescope Steering Committee. Annual Report 2015 Editor: Helen Sim ISSN 1038–9554 Design and typesetting: Caitlin Edwards This is the report of the CSIRO Australia Telescope PrintedNational and Facility bound for theby XXXcalendar year 2015, approved by the Australia Telescope Steering Committee. Cover image: Work being done on an antenna of the AustralianEditor: Helen SKA Sim Pathfinder. Credit: CSIRO Inner cover image: An observer in the ATNF Science Design and typesetting: Caitlin Edwards Operations Centre. Credit: Flornes Yuen Printed and bound by XXX
Cover image: Work being done on an antenna of the Australian SKA Pathfinder. Credit: CSIRO Inner cover image: An observer in the ATNF Science Operations Centre. Credit: Flornes Yuen b Document title Contents
Acting Director’s report...... 2
Chair’s report...... 3
ATNF Director Lewis Ball...... 4
The ATNF in brief...... 5
Performance indicators ...... 9
Science highlights...... 15
Facility operations...... 29
ATNF management team...... 46
Appendices...... 47
A: Commitee membership...... 49
B: Financial summary...... 50
C: Staff List...... 51
D: Observing programs...... 54
E: PhD students...... 61
F: PhD theses...... 62
G: Publications...... 63
H: Abbreviations...... 76
1 Acting Director’s report
Dr Douglas Bock, Acting Director, Australia Telescope National Facility. Credit: Wheeler Studios
This year saw great progress on the which the SKA Observatory will be At the Compact Array, 2015 was the Australian SKA Pathfinder (ASKAP). The constituted. Towards the end of the first year in which remote observing first ASKAP science papers appeared, year the Australian Government became the default. We have kept the demonstrating the potential of phased announced $294m of funding for ‘user-operator’ model, but have also array feeds (PAFs) for radio astronomy hosting the SKA, as part of its National begun the first trials of unattended and the uniqueness of the Murchison Innovation and Science Agenda. observing. As at Parkes, the telescope Radio-astronomy Observatory. While systems worked well and scientific the Boolardy Engineering Test Array At Parkes and Narrabri this year productivity has not shown any (ASKAP with six first-generation PAFs) we consolidated the changes of immediate change. However, if our was being used for commissioning, recent years and continued to instrumentation program is to flourish the second-generation phased array support world-class science. we must keep the connection between feeds began to roll off the production Instrumentation at the Parkes engineers and scientists, local or line. These feeds have improved telescope had been reduced and all visiting, alive. A synergy of large performance and maintainability and observing is now conducted remotely. research infrastructure, technology reduced cost. In October the ASKAP However, as 2015’s publication development and scientific excellence PAF team received CSIRO’s highest statistics indicate, Parkes remains remains what the ATNF aims to deliver. award, the Chairman’s medal. a world-class facility. As part of a However, ASKAP will now remain a program to renew the telescope’s stand-alone instrument longer than instrumentation, we began this year to envisaged. The Square Kilometre build an ultra-wideband low-frequency Array project was re-baselined early receiver and installed an ASKAP in 2015: SKA Survey, which was to PAF at Parkes for commissioning have comprised ASKAP and 60 other tests. Proven Parkes technology was antennas, was indefinitely deferred, chosen for China’s Five-hundred- and the low- and mid-frequency metre Aperture Spherical Telescope SKA telescopes were scaled down. (FAST), with CSIRO to produce a Australia’s SKA component will now 19-beam multibeam receiver for be SKA-Low, an array of around FAST. We also signed a contract to 130,000 dipoles. With the SKA observe for Breakthrough Listen, the re-baselining done, negotiations first major SETI program to run on began for the Convention under Parkes since Project Phoenix in 1995.
2 CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility | Annual Report 2015 Chair’s report
Dr Susan Barrell, Chair, ATNF Steering Committee. Credit: Bureau of Meteorology
The Steering Committee welcomed provides its unique field of view, and continue community consultation in the operational and technological acknowledged the world-class science the development of science priorities achievements of the Australia it will deliver for many years to come. for the Compact Array and, with an Telescope National Facility (ATNF) The committee emphasised the value eye to the foreseeable end of Compact in 2015 and the high-quality science of ongoing Australian engagement Array science on the timescale of a outcomes to which they contributed, in the SKA, especially in SKA-Low. decade, to additionally call for large- and expressed appreciation for the In relation to the future of ASKAP, it scale ‘Legacy’ science projects, which leadership of the Director, Dr Lewis advised that the maximum benefit would feature an open-access data Ball, and his team in delivering for Australia, in terms of scientific policy with no proprietary period. them. The award of the CSIRO leadership and impact, technology Chairman’s Medal to the ASKAP development and intellectual property, The Steering Committee supports a team for the implementation of would be derived through retaining consolidated astronomy governance the phased array feeds (PAFs) was Australian ownership and control of model for the future of Australian a significant acknowledgement of ASKAP and actively seeking to further astronomy as Australia engages in the innovation and engineering develop the instrument, its technology global-scale astronomy facilities, but excellence of the team. and the survey science, including recognises that close involvement through international partnerships. with the entire community is The committee convened on two critical to achieving a successful occasions and consulted throughout The Steering Committee recognised outcome. The committee expressed the year, with the aim of providing the need to sustain the current suite confidence that in the event such high-level advice to guide the of radio astronomy facilities (Parkes, consolidation does occur, an strategic directions, performance and the Compact Array, ASKAP) for the appropriate governance and delivery allocation of observing resources for next 5–10 years in order to deliver on structure could be implemented the facility. Advice to the Director the priorities of the 2016–25 Decadal under CSIRO to deliver a broader and the CSIRO Board was especially Plan for Australian astronomy. The range of astronomy infrastructure focussed around three key areas: committee acknowledged the lean for the community. In order to the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) operations model implemented maximise community alignment, strategy; operations and funding of by CASS for Parkes, the remote the implementation of such a model the ATNF; and astronomy governance. operations of the Compact Array should reflect the community’s and the plan to cease funding priorities articulated in the 2016–25 In response to the re-baselining Mopra operations from October Decadal Plan and should include a of the international SKA project, 2015. It welcomed the arrangement representative community-based especially the decision to defer SKA reached with the Breakthrough steering committee or equivalent. Survey, the committee highlighted Prize Foundation and encouraged the significant investment that CSIRO, investigation of further external The Steering Committee looks forward the Australian Government and the funding opportunities, noting the with enthusiasm to a positive future astronomy community have made need for careful consideration of the for the ATNF and for Australian in ASKAP and in the development of impact on other astronomy programs. astronomy more generally. the innovative PAF technology that The committee urged the ATNF to
3 ATNF Director
Dr Lewis Ball, Director Australia Telescope National Facility. Credit: Wheeler Studios
After three successful years Lewis enhanced the external linkages leading CSIRO Astronomy and of CSIRO astronomy, establishing Space Science, Dr Lewis Ball left partnerships with overseas CSIRO on 17 March 2016. observatories and astrophysical engineering groups and securing As CASS and ATNF Director Lewis contracts that will see CSIRO deliver secured the funding necessary to instruments to observatories ensure that ASKAP will deliver on its around the world. He also worked primary science goals. He oversaw the to consolidate CSIRO’s place in the successful demonstration of the wide global project to build and operate field of view that can be delivered by the Square Kilometre Array. an array of antennas equipped with phased array feeds, moving radio Following Lewis’s departure, Dr astronomy into a leading position in Douglas Bock (Assistant Director, Big Data. Under Lewis’s leadership Operations) has taken on the role of CASS ensured the future of the Acting Director of CASS and the ATNF. Parkes Telescope as a world-leading pulsar instrument and key element of the new Breakthrough Listen SETI project, and led a community-driven process to identify the key science priorities for the Australia Telescope Compact Array into the next decade.
4 CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility | Annual Report 2015 The ATNF in brief
The ATNF in brief Members of the SKA Science and Engineering Advisory Committee visiting the Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory Credit: CSIRO The ATNF in brief
The Australia Telescope National Facility (ATNF) is a set of world-class radio-astronomy observatories operated by CSIRO (the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation).
LOCATIONS ATNF observatories are located near the towns of Parkes, Narrabri and Coonabarabran in eastern Australia, and in the Mid West region of Western Australia. The ATNF is headquartered in Sydney, New South Wales, and has offices in Perth and Geraldton in Western Australia. OPERATIONS The Canberra Deep Space Communication The Murchison Radio-astronomy Complex. CSIRO manages the host- ATNF telescopes support a broad country astronomical use of its 70-m and Observatory (MRO) in Western 34-m antennas. Approximately 5 per cent Australia sits on land traditionally range of studies in Galactic of time on the 70-m antenna is available owned by the local Wajarri Yamatji (interstellar medium, pulsar, for astronomy. Credit: CDSCC community. CSIRO manages the X-ray binaries, star formation, radio-astronomy community and MRO under an Indigenous Land stellar evolution, magnetic fields), Australian astronomers obtain Use Agreement (ILUA) for the site. extragalactic (galaxy formation, access to overseas facilities ISM, Magellanic Clouds, cosmic on the same principle. CSIRO also manages Australian magnetism) and cosmological science. astronomers’ access to the The proposals received each antennas of NASA’s Canberra Deep The ATNF is a national facility, semester typically include about Space Communication Complex, providing all astronomers at Australian 600 authors: on average, about 50 which is located at Tidbinbilla in and overseas institutions with the are from CASS, 80 are from other the Australian Capital Territory. opportunity to use its telescopes. Australian institutions and 470 are These antennas are often used in Access is given free of charge and from 175 overseas institutions. The conjunction with ATNF telescopes. is based on the scientific merit of three overseas countries with the the proposed observing project. greatest numbers of proposers This ‘open skies’ policy is the are the USA, UK and Germany. general practice of the international About 60 per cent of the refereed publications derived from observations with ATNF telescopes result from collaborations between Australian and international researchers.
Right: The 64-m diameter Parkes telescope, near the town of Parkes, New South Wales. This telescope has been used for an extremely wide range of Galactic and extragalactic science. Its major area of work is now studies of pulsars and fast radio bursts. It is also frequently used for joint observations with other telescopes. Credit: Cormac Purcell
Observatories and support sites for CSIRO radio astronomy
6 CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility | Annual Report 2015 The Australia Telescope Compact Array, six 22-m diameter dishes near the town of Narrabri in New South Wales. The Compact Array can operate at frequencies between 1.0 GHz and 105 GHz, and its antennas ride on a six-kilometre track that allows multiple configurations and observing baselines. Credit: Cormac Purcell
GOVERNANCE an advisory body that usually meets twice a year. The ATSC advises the The ATNF comprises the major part of Director on long-term strategy. It also CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science appoints the Australia Telescope Users (CASS), one of CSIRO’s business units. Committee (ATUC), which represents CASS also operates the Canberra Deep the interests of astronomers who Space Communication Complex, a use ATNF telescopes, and the Time station of NASA’s Deep Space Network, Assignment Committee (TAC), which on behalf of NASA. The Director of reviews observing proposals. The CASS is also the ATNF Director. members of these three committees are listed in Appendix A. CASS is part of CSIRO’s Digital, National Facilities and Collections Antennas of the Australian SKA group, along with other national STAFF AND FUNDING Pathfinder, ASKAP, at the Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory in Western facilities that are owned and operated The ATNF receives CSIRO appropriation Australia. ASKAP began operating in 2014 by CSIRO but used extensively by funding, supplemented by external with the first six of its 12-m antennas external researchers. The Executive to be outfitted with CSIRO-developed (contract) funding. A financial phased-array feeds. Its final form the Director, Digital National Facilities summary appears in Appendix B. telescope will comprise 36 antennas. and Collections, reports to the (Details, pages 34–35.) Credit: Flornes Minister for Industry, Innovation and In 2015 CSIRO employed about Yuen Science via the CSIRO Executive. 190 staff on activities related to radio astronomy. Their names and ATNF policy is shaped by the Australia locations are given in Appendix C. Telescope Steering Committee (ATSC),
– – – – – –
appropriation external
ATNF operating funding ($A millions)
7
Performance indicators Antennas of the Compact Array at dusk. Photo: Karen Hodge Photography Performance indicators
TELESCOPE USAGE %
Observing time on ATNF telescopes is % awarded twice a year to astronomers on the basis of the merits of their % proposed research programs, as % judged by the Australia Telescope Time Assignment Committee % (members listed in Appendix A). %
Observing proposals received % %
%
%
Summer semester % (October – ATCA Parkes Mopra March ) Winter semester Succesful astronomy observations Maintanence/test time (April – September ) Time lost to equipment failure Time lost to weather
Idle time
Figure 1: Telescope usage in 2015. Mopra statistics are for dates between 09 March and 31 October, which corresponded to the ‘millimetre season’ for 2015.
Demand for telescope time is higher in On both the Compact Array and • time allocated to observing was winter because the weather is better Parkes, approximately ten per cent of 79 per cent at Parkes, 76 per cent for higher-frequency (millimetre- time is made available as ‘Director’s at the Compact Array, and 74 per wavelength) observations with time’. This is time that is initially not cent at Mopra (this is for all Mopra Mopra and the Compact Array. allocated in the published version of time, not just National Facility the schedule, but which can be made time). These are world-class levels The ‘oversubscription’ rate (the available later for approved observing of performance: they exceed, factor by which proposals exceed projects. The key performance goals for instance, the observing-time the telescope time available) was for the Compact Array and Parkes are: figure for the world’s largest 1.9 for the Compact Array for the radio telescope, the Karl G. Jansky winter season and 1.6 for the summer • at least 70 per cent of telescope Very Large Array in the USA season; for Parkes it was 1.4. The Long time should be successfully • time lost through equipment failure Baseline Array (Parkes, Mopra and used for observing was four per cent at Parkes, three the Compact Array used together) • no more than five per cent of per cent at Mopra, and twoper continued to be in demand, with observing time should be lost cent at the Compact Array. proposals exceeding available time through equipment failure. by more than a factor of two. This year:
10 CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility | Annual Report 2015 TIME ALLOCATION %
This year observing proposals % were received from 846 individual researchers from 31 countries. % Sixteen per cent were led by ATNF staff, 26 per cent by staff % of other Australian institutions, % and 57 per cent by overseas researchers (rounded figures). %
For the period from 1 October 2014 to % 30 September 2015, 156 proposals were allocated time on ATNF telescopes % (counting each proposal only once % each calendar year even though some are submitted twice). This was fewer % than in 2014 (when the figure was 207), partly because fewer proposals % were received but also because more time was given to large projects. CASS/ATNF Other Australian Overseas Eighty-five proposals were given time Figure 2: Compact Array time allocation by primary investigator, October on the Compact Array, 39 on Parkes, 2011–September 2015. For each year the time allocation is for 12 months from October eight on Mopra (in National Facility to September. time) and 19 on the Long Baseline % Array: they are listed in Appendix D.
The ATNF also handles proposals % requesting service observations with % the 70-m and 34-m antennas of the Canberra Deep Space Communication % Complex (CDSCC), part of NASA’s Deep
Space Network. Five CDSCC projects % were observed during the year. % Time allocated to observing teams on the Compact Array and Parkes, broken % down in different ways, is shown in Figures 2–5. ATNF staff were allocated % about 15 per cent of observing time on the Compact Array and 24 per cent on % Parkes. Figures 4 and 5 show that the fraction of observing time allocated % to ATNF staff has fallen over the last five years: this is both because the % number of astronomers on staff has fallen, and because these staff have CASS/ATNF Other Australian Overseas had (and continue to have) a strong focus on commissioning ASKAP. Figure 3: Parkes time allocation by primary investigator, October 2011–September 2015. For each year the time allocation is for 12 months from October to September.
11 % %
% %
% %
% %
% %
% %
% %
% %
% %
% %
% %
CASS/ATNF Other Australian Overseas CASS/ATNF Other Australian Overseas
Figure 4: Compact Array time allocation by all investigators, Figure 5: Parkes time allocation by all investigators October 2011–September 2015. Time allocated to each proposal October 2011–September 2015. Time allocated to each has been divided evenly between all authors on the proposal. For proposal has been divided evenly between all authors on each year the time allocation is for 12 months from October to the proposal. For each year the time allocation is for 12 September. months from October to September.
TEACHING Adelaide University As of December 2015, 30 PhD students were being co-supervised Australian National University by ATNF staff. Their affiliations AUT and thesis titles are given in Appendix E. Eight students were Ruhr University Bochum / Macquarie University awarded PhDs during the year: their Universidad de Chile theses are listed in Appendix F. University of Bologna / Macquarie University
University of Bonn
University of Catania
University of Groningen
Macquarie University
Monash University Swinburne University of Technology
Figure 6: Numbers of postgraduate University of New South Wales students affiliated with CASS. University of Sydney
University of Tasmania
Western Sydney University
Figure 7: Postgraduate student affiliations 2015.
12 CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility | Annual Report 2015 PUBLICATIONS AND CITATIONS This year 138 papers using data from
the National Facility were published in refereed journals. Approximately 65 per cent included a CASS author or authors.
In 2015 there were 185 refereed publications by CASS staff, including scientific papers with data from other facilities. In total, 235 refereed papers – both those using National Facility data and other papers by CASS staff – were published during the year. They are listed in Appendix G, which also lists 47 conference papers that were either derived from ATNF facilities or include CASS authors.
The publication counts are very st Author CASS st Author non-CASS st Author overseas similar to those of the previous year. Australian Figure 8: Publications that include data from, or are related to, ATNF facilities (Compact Across CSIRO, citation performance is Array, Mopra, Parkes, VLBI, Tidbinbilla and ASKAP), published in refereed journals during 2011–2015. The count includes publications relating to the scientific goals or measured by the New Crown Index – development of ASKAP but not IAU telegrams, abstracts, reports, historical papers or the average number of citations per articles for popular magazines. paper, body normalised to a baseline determined from the global average for all publications in a similar set of
journals. (In astronomy the baseline is determined from papers published in refereed journals.) The index is calculated at least a year after the date
of publication, to allow citations to accrue. For National Facility and other CASS staff papers published over the five-year period from 2010 to 2014,
the new Crown Index (calculated over 906 refereed papers) is 1.8. This means that on average, papers published VLBI MopraParkesCompact Array ASKAP-related by CASS staff (including papers with National Facility data) receive around 80 per cent more citations per paper Figure 9: Publications that include data from, or are related to, the Compact Array, Mopra, Parkes, VLBI and ASKAP in 2011–2015. A small number of papers with data than the global average for refereed from more than one facility are counted more than once. astronomy papers.
Figure 10: Publications that include data from, or are related to, the Compact Array, Mopra, Parkes, VLBI and ASKAP, grouped by year for 2011–2015. A small number of papers with data from more than one facility are counted more than once.
VLBI Mopra Parkes Compact Array ASKAP-related
13
Science highlights The Parkes telescope. Photo: John Sarkissian Foretelling the future of a star-forming cloud
class II methanol masers, MM1 balance they are likely to be compact with two masers and MM2 with H II regions; their association with one. Class II methanol masers trace Class II methanol masers confirms massive star formation, meaning that they are forming massive stars. that SDC335 harbours young massive protostellar objects. We fitted the free-free emission component of the spectral-energy We set out to constrain the masses distributions from each hyper-compact of the stars forming within these region, and used this to derive physical two cores, using Compact Array properties such as the sources’ observations made at 6, 8, 23 and emission measure, ionising photon 25 GHz. These observations are of ADAM AVISON flux, and electron density. From these higher angular resolution than the we assigned a spectral type to each (University of Manchester) ALMA data, revealed a surprise: the of the protostellar objects creating MM1 core is not one source but two, the hyper-compact regions. SDC335 separated by about three arcseconds. appears to house two protostars with Stars form within ‘molecular clouds’, We dubbed the two sources MM1a characteristics of spectral type B1.5 clouds of hydrogen gas liberally and MM1b. The directions of the and one with a lower limit of B1–B1.5. laced with other molecular species outflows from MM1a suggest that they and made dark by copious dust. are independent objects. MM2, the Having characterised the protostars, The ‘dark cloud’ SDC335.579–0.292 less massive core, still appeared as a we were able to put limits on the is such a site. Observations with single source in our observations. eventual number of stars this cloud ALMA (the Atacama Large Millimeter/ could create – a minimum, we submillimeter Array) have recently We had enough resolution to create calculate, of 60 stars of between shown it to be home to one of the partial spectral-energy distributions one and 120 solar masses. SDC335 most massive star-forming cores yet for each source at Compact Array looks as though it will eventually frequencies, and we used these to observed in our Galaxy, SDC335–MM1, become a cluster at least roughly and a less massive companion, MM2. classify the sources. MM1a is the similar to the well-known Trapezium simplest case: it appears to be a cluster in the Orion nebula. Both cores are infrared bright, and hyper-compact H II region. MM1b and both are associated with 6.7-GHz MM2 are slightly less clear-cut, but on PUBLICATION Avison, A. et al. “Tightening the belt: Constraining the mass and evolution in SDC335⋆”. A&A 577, A30 (2015)
The ‘dark cloud’ SDC335.579–0.292. The 8-GHz ATCA image is overlaid with ATCA 25GHz contours (magenta) and ALMA 3.2-millimetre continuum contours (grey). The symbols x, • and + indicate Class II (6.7 GHz) and Class I (44GHz) methanol and water (22 GHz) masers respectively. Red and blue contours represent the boundary of HNC emission; red and blue arrows show the directions of the HNC molecular outflow. (From Avison et al. 2015)
16 CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility | Annual Report 2015 Radio Galaxy Zoo: first fruits from a citizen-science program
forming galaxies, but at present radio sources expected from EMU such surveys are time-consuming are likely to be too complicated for and can be carried out only over current automated algorithms. small patches of sky. In the coming decade, however, next-generation Would it work to bring more eyeballs radio telescopes such as the Australian to bear on the task? To test this idea
SKA Pathfinder (ASKAP) will perform we created Radio Galaxy Zoo, an sensitive surveys over huge swathes online citizen-science project. In this, of the sky. These will find vastly the public is asked to cross-match more sources: for example, the EMU radio sources, often with complex (Evolutionary Map of the Universe) structures, to galaxies observed survey to be done with ASKAP is in the infrared. We use data from expected to find 70 million, dwarfing two 1.4-GHz radio surveys (Faint JULIE BANFIELD the 2.5 million currently known. Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty (Australian National University and the Centimeters, FIRST, and the Australia ARC Centre of Excellence for All-sky To harvest new scientific knowledge Telescope Large Area Survey, ATLAS) Astrophysics) from such surveys, we need to and mid-infrared images from the match the detected radio sources Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with galaxies observed at other and the Spitzer Space Telescope. Large radio-continuum surveys help wavelengths. This task is complicated Radio Galaxy Zoo was launched us understand how galaxies evolve by the large, complex structures often in late 2013. When it is complete, over cosmic time. Most past surveys found in radio-loud AGN. (These participants will have inspected have been limited in sensitivity, and complex sources are also likely to be more than 170,000 radio sources. most radio sources they detected the most scientifically interesting.) have been active galactic nuclei Cross-identifications have traditionally In the project’s first year more than (AGN). More sensitive surveys pick been made by eye. Automated radio 4000 participants produced more up low-luminosity AGN and star- classification algorithms are still than 30,000 host identifications. in their infancy: 10 per cent of the There was greater than 75 per cent consensus among participants and, importantly, the project participants are as effective as the science team at identifying host galaxies for sources that are too complex for simple position-matching algorithms. Most of the identified host galaxies reside in the mid- infrared colour space dominated by elliptical galaxies, quasars and luminous infrared radio galaxies.
When all Radio Galaxy Zoo galaxies are identified we will have a measure of the relative populations of these hosts as a function of radio morphology and power. Already we have many interesting candidates to follow up: giant radio galaxies, late-type host galaxies with extended radio emission, and hybrid-morphology radio sources.
An example of a Radio Galaxy Zoo source requiring visual identification. Automated PUBLICATION algorithms would have classified the non-core emission as independent sources, Banfield, J.K. et al., “Radio Galaxy Zoo: whereas Radio Galaxy Zoo volunteers (in agreement with the experts) found all five host galaxies and radio morphologies emission components in the upper half of the image to be related to the same source. derived from visual inspection”, MNRAS (From Banfield et al. MNRAS, in press (2016).) 453, 2326–2340 (2015)
17 What makes GPS sources tick?
absorbed by a ‘screen’ of ionised We tried fitting the data with nine gas, and synchrotron self-absorption, models, all variants of synchrotron where the radiation is absorbed self-absorption (SSA) and free-free by relativistic electrons within the absorption (FFA). Free-free absorption emitting medium itself. The latter with an inhomogenous absorbing has been more favoured but the screen gave the best fit. FFA is also question had not been definitively bolstered by other arguments: for one, settled. This was something we the source’s calculated magnetic field decided to tackle by looking at a is more in line with FFA than with SSA. GPS source called PKS B0008–421. But to make either FFA or SSA fit well,
JOSEPH CALLINGHAM This source has the steepest-known we had to assume that the source’s spectral slope on the low-frequency central black hole had stopped (Co-supervised PhD student – University of Sydney) side of its peak, a slope that is close injecting high-energy electrons into to the limit of what synchrotron self- the body of PKS B0008–421 about Radio sources with spectra that absorption can explain. It also has 550 years ago. When injection of peak around 1 GHz are called, the virtue of having been observed new electrons stops, with time the rather predictably, gigahertz peaked many times, at many frequencies: high-energy electrons already in the spectrum (GPS) sources. GPS sources its constancy meant that it had been source are preferentially depleted, and are compact, and remarkably used as a calibrator by most of the the radio spectrum changes shape. constant in their power output on radio telescopes in the southern (The high-frequency observations in timescales from hours to decades. hemisphere. To those many existing particular show this change.) That the observations we have added new ones source should turn off like this is not a What makes their characteristic made with the Murchison Widefield complete surprise: some GPS sources peaked spectra? Since the 1960s Array (at low frequencies) and the show signs of intermittent activity. the two contending mechanisms Australia Telescope Compact Array have been free-free absorption, in (at high frequencies). This gave us an Astronomers have long known that which radiation from the source is extremely well-sampled spectrum, GPS sources and similar, related covering the range 0.118–22 GHz. objects far outnumber giant radio galaxies, which the GPS sources and their relatives are thought to evolve into. Perhaps many GPS sources fail early and vanish. Once its central black hole had turned off, PKS B0008–421 might have been expected to fade rapidly. That it has not done so suggests that its central source of radiation is swathed in relatively dense gas (another argument in favour of free-free absorption being at work). Dying GPS sources with similar gas cocoons will be easily found by the new low-frequency radio telescopes. If we can find many GPS sources that have failed early, we will know why so few seem to grow into giant radio galaxies.
PUBLICATION Callingham, J.R. et al. “Broadband spectral modelling of the extreme The spectral energy distribution of PKS B0008–421, fitted with the inhomogeneous gigahertz-peaked spectrum radio source free-free absorption model. The width of the green line represents the 1σ uncertainty PKS B0008–421”. ApJ 809, 168 (2015) on the model fit. (From Callingham et al. 2015)
18 CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility | Annual Report 2015 Untangling our Galaxy’s ‘starburst’ region
difficult to identify lines with specific Sagittarius B2, Sgr B2(N). This is the physical features. The problem can first such (published) survey made be reduced both by going to longer with a new-generation broadband (centimetre) wavelengths and by interferometer. The ATCA data, using an interferometer, which can collected in just 24 hours of observing, pinpoint where lines from different complement existing single-dish molecules peak. The ideal situation data covering the same frequency is to observe the same portion of range from the PRIMOS survey done the spectrum with both a single dish with the Green Bank Telescope. (to capture weak lines in extended gas) and an interferometer (to The ATCA data contain around JOANNA CORBY distinguish between chemically a thousand spectral lines, with significant spatial and kinematic (PhD student – University of Virginia) distinct regions on small scales). structure. To handle this profusion, Our Galaxy forms stars at a modest The advent of broadband radio we extracted mean spectra from rate overall. But one star-forming interferometers such as the Australia physically distinct regions of Sgr B2(N), region really stands out: Sagittarius Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) transforming a three-dimensional B2 (Sgr B2), a massive complex means that interferometric line surveys problem into a set of one-dimensional of more than 50 clouds of H II are now efficient, providing access to problems, then applied new (molecular hydrogen gas) in the the spatial distributions of hundreds automated line-fitting routines. Galactic Centre. Rich in X-rays and of molecular lines within a reasonable This has revealed the spatial cosmic rays, and with a high magnetic observing time. With the new wealth distributions of more than 50 field, in many ways it resembles of information available, however, identified molecules and the the centre of a ‘starburst’ galaxy. come new challenges in data analysis that require automated methods. locations where hydrogen and Most spectral-line surveys of Sgr B2 helium are recombining, giving have been conducted with single-dish We have used the ATCA to carry us a comprehensive picture of the telescopes at frequencies above 80 out a 30–50-GHz spectral-line chemistry, excitation, and kinematic GHz. At these frequencies it can be survey of the northern part of structure of clouds of molecular gas in Sgr B2. The survey has also served as a pathfinder for a planned science- verification project with ALMA Band 1 (35–50 GHz) and demonstrated methods that will be useful for this and other future projects.
PUBLICATION Corby, J.F. et al. “An ATCA survey of Sagittarius B2 at 7 mm: chemical complexity meets broad-band interferometry”, MNRAS 452, 3969–3993 (2015)
A continuum image of Sgr B2(N) and a nearby cometary H II region, L. Ellipses mark the regions from which spectra were extracted for this study. The Large Molecule Heimat (LMH) shows no continuum emission at radio wavelengths but is bright in the submillimetre continuum. The dashed-line arcs mark two concentric shell-shaped regions, K5 and K6, which are likely to be expanding ionisation fronts; the more compact region K4 is thought to be a similar system. (From Corby et al. 2015)
19 A distance to Circinus X-1 from light echoes
Circinus X-1 is a highly variable X-ray regions of concentration, which were binary. Both its age and distance most likely to be in molecular clouds. have been uncertain. Recent work We then compared the peak in dust- (Heinz et al. 2013), placed an upper scattering intensity with the peak limit of 4600 years x (D /8 kpc) on Cir intensity in CO maps of molecular the age of the system, where D Cir clouds from the Mopra Southern is the distance to the source. This Galactic Plane CO Survey. The Mopra upper limit makes Circinus X-1 the data allowed us to identify the two youngest-known X-ray binary and an important test case for the study innermost rings with clouds at the of both neutron-star formation and radial velocities of around -74 and -81 orbital evolution in X-ray binaries. km s-1. SEBASTIAN HEINZ But a firm distance to the system has (University of Wisconsin-Madison) remained elusive: because Circinus X-1 For a number of putative distances is deeply embedded in the Galactic to Circinus X-1 we calculated the disk, its distance can’t be determined expected radial velocities of the cloud by most standard methods. Estimates components and compared them to the have ranged from 4 to 11 kpc. observed velocities, to find the distance that best matched the observed Fortunately, the source has played into distribution of the clouds. We place our hands. In late 2013 it generated Circinus X-1 at a distance of 9.4 kpc. a bright X-ray flare. X-rays from bright point sources can scatter off This result means that Circinus X-1 interstellar dust grains as they travel probably lies inside the far side of toward the observer, creating an the Scutum-Centaurus arm of the arcminute-sized X-ray halo. Following Galaxy. Such a location, inside a the flare, observations with Chandra star-forming spiral arm, accords and XMM-Newton revealed a bright with the young age of the binary. X-ray light echo: four well-defined rings that grew with time. PUBLICATION Heinz, S. et al. “Lord of the rings: a
By deconvolving the radial intensity kinematic distance to Circinus X-1 from a giant X-ray light echo.” ApJ 806, 265 (2015) The Chandra observation of Circinus X-1, profile of the echo with the X-ray showing four rings produced by dust scattering of the X-ray flare. (From Heinz light curve of the flare, we were able et al. 2015) to reconstruct the dust distribution toward Circinus X-1 into four distinct
How dust in interstellar clouds can scatter X-rays from a point source, producing light echoes in the form of well-defined rings. (From Heinz et al. 2015)
20 CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility | Annual Report 2015 Pulsar tests ASKAP transients pipeline
this way. First found and studied Parkes. The high-sensitivity Parkes with the Parkes telescope, it moves observations enabled us to detect irregularly between three states individual bright pulses during the (‘off’, ‘weak’ and ‘strong’), sometimes weak state and to study the strong remaining ‘off’ for up to 40 minutes state over a wide observing band. before emitting a giant pulse. Using the Boolardy Engineering Test Array, Traditional pulsar surveys are affected BETA (six ASKAP antennas equipped by radio-frequency interference and with first-generation phased array variations in telescope gain, and feeds), we tracked the pulsar over they are generally only sensitive to 13 hours, taking snapshots of the pulsars with periods of between a GEORGE HOBBS field around it every two minutes. millisecond and ten seconds. We have simulated pulsars switching (CASS) We also observed it simultaneously with the Parkes telescope. between ‘on’ and ‘off’ states on various timescales then determined Pulsars are usually discovered We analysed the snapshot images whether different survey strategies through the detection of their regular with three different transient- – a traditional pulsar survey, and sequence of pulses. However, some detection pipelines: one developed two types of transient survey – could skip pulses, suddenly switch off, specifically for this study; the LOFAR detect them. The results are shown in or emit giant pulses. Pulsar flux transients pipeline (TRAP); and the the figure. Repeated, relatively short densities can also vary significantly VAST pipeline, developed to search for observations of the same region of sky because of interstellar scintillation transients with the complete ASKAP appear to be the best survey strategy or because the pulsar signal is telescope. All three easily detected for discovering unknown intermittent eclipsed by a companion object. the pulsar as a transient source. pulsars. The advantages of using The Compact Objects with ASKAP – ASKAP for such a survey include its Surveys and Timing (COAST) survey Over the course of the observations, team will carry out traditional-style extremely radio-quiet environment the pulsar switched into the strong pulsar surveys with ASKAP, but the and its sub-GHz frequency coverage, emission state three times giving ASKAP transient surveys may also in which pulsars are likely to be a typical timescale between the find pulsars through their bright brighter than at higher frequencies. individual pulses or by monitoring strong states of 3.7 hours. After their variability in the image plane. the first switch it remained in the strong state for almost 40 minutes. PUBLICATION The intermittent pulsar PSR J1107–5907 The other strong states lasted less Hobbs, G. et al. “A pilot ASKAP survey of radio transient events in the region is a perfect object with which to test than four minutes. The second around the intermittent pulsar the prospects of detecting pulsars state change was confirmed with PSR J1107–5907”. MRNAS 456, 3948–3960 (2016)
The sensitivity of various surveys to intermittent pulsars. The pulsars are shown with their correct ‘off’ timescales. The top panel represents an ‘on’ period of 18 minutes and the bottom panel an ‘on’ period of 30 days. The surveys are: one similar to the Parkes Multibeam Survey (dashed red line); an EMU-style continuum survey (dashed blue line); a VAST-style survey, repeating 5-minute observations each week for five years (blue line); and a transient survey based on five-minute snapshots of the 12-hour EMU continuum observations. (From Hobbs et al. 2016)
21 Giant blasts dwarf
One, ESO 324–G024, was of particular of Cen A, in particular the Faraday interest to us. This dwarf has a peculiar rotation measure (RM), which is H I morphology: a long, 3.5-kpc tail the angle through which linearly extending away from the core of polarised radiation is turned as it NGC 5128. The distance to this dwarf passes through a magnetic field. is 3.37±0.43 Mpc, nearly the same as If ESO 324–G024 were in front of that to NGC 5128 (3.8±0.1 Mpc). And it the lobe, then we would expect the lies a projected 104 kpc north of NGC background emission from Cen A to be 5128’s centre, meaning that it might depolarised as it passes through the be inside the giant’s northern radio dwarf. But there is no sign of this in lobe, which extends for ~300 kpc. our data. Could the dwarf’s magnetic MEGAN JOHNSON field be too weak to depolarise the The orientation of Cen A’s radio Cen A signal? We considered this, (CASS) lobes is not well known. By studying but concluded that ESO 324–G024 the characteristics of ESO 324 G024 It used to be thought that dwarf – probaby lies behind the lobe. we hoped to shed some light on galaxies were “builders’ rubble” – this question, as well as on the If that’s the case, it puts some leftovers from the assembly of massive dwarf’s unusual morphology. For constraint on the orientation of the galaxies. Recent studies suggest at this exploration we used H I spectral- lobe and also on the distance to NGC least some formed later than that line data from the Compact Array, 5128 and ESO 324–G024: the closer period of assembly. But regardless data on the 1.4-GHz radio continuum ESO 324–G024 is to the observer of when they formed, many are now and polarisation from the Compact (relative to NGC 5128), the larger the being accreted by their weighty Array and Parkes, and ancillary required orientation angle. If we neighbours. We have studied one data from the SuperCOSMOS sky assume that ESO 324–G024 and NGC that may be on its way to that fate. survey, GALEX and WISE (the Wide- 5128 are at the same distance, and that The giant elliptical galaxy NGC 5128, field Infrared Survey Explorer). the lobe is as deep as it is wide, then known to radio astronomers as the lobe is inclined towards us by 60°. To get a handle on whether ESO Centaurus A (Cen A), has huge radio 324–G024 lies in front of, inside, or Then there’s the question of how ESO lobes that span 9°x4° on the sky. This behind the northern radio lobe, we 324–G024 got its tail. If it were formed behemoth is surrounded by a bevy turned to the radio-continuum data from tidal interactions, then we would of irregular dwarf (dIrr) galaxies. expect the gas kinematics in the tail to be distinct from the circular rotation in the dwarf’s central disc. But if it were formed from stripping via ram- pressure forces, then the kinematics of the gas would probably resemble the circular rotation of the disc. Fitting the data with tilted-ring models, we found that the kinematics of the tail closely resemble those expected from circular rotation in the disc. So ram-pressure stripping appears to be the culprit. ESO 324–G024 has a slightly positive peculiar velocity, which suggests that it is receding from our line of sight, and that it may have passed through Left: a 1.4-GHz radio-continuum image, made from Compact Array and Parkes data, of the northern radio lobe of Cen A. the northern lobe of Centaurus A (from Feain et al. 2011). The outermost H I contour of ESO 324–G024 is shown in white. Right: H I intensity contours overlaid on (top) the H I velocity field, and (bottom) an optical image made from SuperCOSMOS data. (From PUBLICATION Johnson et al. 2015) Johnson, M.C. et al. “Blasting away a dwarf galaxy: the ‘tail’ of ESO 324–G024” MNRAS 451, 3192–3209 (2015)
22 CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility | Annual Report 2015 Have massive stars formed in H I reservoirs?
(assumed to be the main fuel for shown to be theoretically possible, star formation), but high levels of and must have been the case for the cool atomic hydrogen, H I. However, first stars in the Universe. It could also to measure the total gas content of take place at any redshift, even in a these galaxies (as opposed to column galaxy not particularly metal-poor densities along a single line of sight), on average, as long as it happens we need to detect gas in emission. at early stages of a star-formation We have carried out such a study, episode, when the first stars are born using the ATCA to make the first in a collapsing cloud formed out of detection of H I in GRB host galaxies. the newly accreted metal-poor gas.
MICHAL MICHAŁOWSKI We targeted five nearby (z<0.12) GRB We think it likely that GRB progenitors hosts in the southern hemisphere. form in the first burst of star formation (University of Edinburgh) Comparing their properties with that takes place in low-metallicity gas Long-duration gamma-ray bursts those of galaxies from 22 previous freshly accreted from the intergalactic (GRBs) are generated by the collapse studies, we found them to be medium. (GRBs have been shown of massive stars. Such stars are short- normal star-forming galaxies. to explode in the most metal-poor lived, so these GRBs may trace star regions of their hosts.) The progenitor However, while our galaxies have formation in the Universe. But are they would then end its life as a GRB before normal star-formation rates and H I an unbiased tracer? To determine this there is time for substantial H to masses, they have low stellar masses 2 we have to measure the gas content form. This would explain the paucity and H masses. This suggests they of the GRB host galaxies, about which 2 of H absorption features seen in GRB have only recently started forming 2 we have known relatively little. afterglows and the low CO emission stars and have not yet had time to from host galaxies. The location of Previous studies, mainly of gas use up their H I and produce stars and the H I emission in and around three in absorption, have suggested dust (which catalyses the production of the host galaxies we studied also of H ). In this picture, star formation that GRB host galaxies have low 2 supports the ‘gas inflow’ scenario. is directly fuelled by H I from the levels of molecular hydrogen, H2 intergalactic medium. This has been PUBLICATION Michałowski, M.J. et al. “Massive stars formed in atomic hydrogen reservoirs: H I observations of gamma-ray burst host galaxies”. A&A 582, A78 (2015) ) /M HI log(M
-1 log(SFR/Myr )
H I mass as a function of the star-formation rate of GRB hosts (red circles) and other galaxies. The solid line is a linear fit to all the data. (From Michałowski et al. 2015)
23 First ‘fast radio burst’ from a targeted search
The first FRB found, discovered in We re-observed the Car dSph field the Parkes archives by Lorimer et for the following three hours, then al. (2007), lay towards the Small over the next three days, and yet Magellanic Cloud. This motivated again over the next year, for 78 hours us to observe towards another of in all. But the FRB did not repeat and we saw no other unusual events. the Milky Way’s small companion galaxies, the Carina dwarf spheroidal We detected FRB 131104 in only beam (Car dSph), which lies 101±5 kpc 5 of the 13-beam receiver. At the time, away. Car dSph is unique among that beam was directed towards stellar the Milky Way’s dwarf satellites debris associated with the Large in having undergone three widely Magellanic Cloud. But the beam was VIKRAM RAVI spaced episodes of star formation, also close to Car dSph’s tidal ellipse, (Co-supervised PhD student – University so the FRB may also have come of Melbourne) and the Galaxy’s contribution to the DM in its direction is expected to be from the direction of that galaxy. low. We hoped to detect pulsars in Given the high DM, if the FRB came Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are short, Car dSph and use them to identify from Car dSph then its source must bright pulses of radio waves with the Local Group’s contribution to lie behind gas with an electron remarkably large dispersion measures the DM along this line of sight. density ten times that of the Milky (DMs), which show that they have Way’s. This might be provided by passed through a considerable We observed the Car dSph field the Magellanic Stream, part of which amount of ionised material (chiefly with the multibeam receiver on the lies along the sightline to Car dSph. free electrons in space). The high DMs Parkes telescope, making a series seem to point to an extragalactic of one-hour observations. Just 20 If FRB 131104 did indeed originate so origin, as the Galaxy lacks the near the Milky Way, could it be a form minutes into the second hour, our necessary electron density to generate of giant pulse emission? The brightest real-time detection pipeline (HEIMDALL, them. Since FRBs were discovered such event from the Crab pulsar was developed by Swinburne University) in 2007 many ideas have been put recorded with the Arecibo telescope: registered a transient event at a DM forward to explain them, perhaps had it occurred at the distance of Car -3 almost as many as the number of of 779 cm pc, with a signal-to-noise dSph, Parkes would have detected published FRBs (currently ~20). ratio of 30. We had found FRB 131104. it with a signal-to-noise ratio of ~26. To investigate this possibility further, we need an independent estimate of the line-of-sight DM to Car dSph. For the moment, the origins of FRB 131104 remain open. PUBLICATION
Ravi, V. et al. “A fast radio burst in the direction of the Carina dwarf spheroidal galaxy.” ApJ Letters 799:L5 (2015)
The positions of the 13 beams of the Parkes multibeam at the time of the detection, and the tidal ellipse of the Carina dwarf spheroidal (from Irwin & Hatzidimitriou 1995). The FRB was detected only in beam 5. (From Ravi et al. 2015)
24 CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility | Annual Report 2015 H I absorption detections: how many can we expect?
not individual galaxies. However, the catalogue. By selecting low-redshift H I absorption line can be detected at galaxies we were able to map the almost any redshift, provided there targets in H I emission, allowing us to is a sufficiently bright background directly relate the gas distribution to source against which to search. the absorption-line detection rate.
Next-generation radio telescopes We detected absorption in just one will conduct the first large-scale target, NGC 5156 (a barred spiral galaxy blind absorption-line surveys, such at z= 0.01), 19 kpc away from the as FLASH (the ‘First Large Absorption galaxy’s centre. Previous studies have Survey in H I’). FLASH will use the estimated there is ~40–50 per cent SARAH REEVES Australian Square Kilometre Array chance of detecting an absorption Pathfinder to search for H I absorption line within 20 kpc of a galaxy’s centre (Co-supervised PhD student – University of Sydney) along 150,000 sightlines, studying so why did we not detect more? First, the evolution of neutral hydrogen in the background radio sources in our the redshift range 0.5 PUBLICATIONS Reeves, S.N. et al. “H I emission and absorption in nearby, gas-rich galaxies”. MNRAS, 450, 926–942 (2015) Reeves, S.N. et al. “H I emission and absorption in nearby, gas-rich galaxies – II. Sample completion and detection of intervening absorption in NGC 5156”. MNRAS, 457, 2613–2641 (2016) Integrated optical depth plotted against impact parameter (distance from the centre of the target galaxy) for several absorption-line searches: Reeves et al. (2016) (red circles); previous searches using only quasar sightlines (blue squares); a search by Zwaan et al. (2015) that used both radio galaxies and quasars (green triangles). Filled symbols indicate detections, unfilled ones non- detections. (From Reeves et al. 2016) 25 No rumble in the cosmic jungle We can search for this background by may also help. In addition, our monitoring, over years to decades, a observing sensitivity will be set of superfast ‘millisecond’ pulsars. boosted by new technology, such When travelling across the line of as the ultra-wideband receiver sight between Earth and a pulsar, planned for Parkes (page 36). gravitational waves stretch and shrink the distance between the two by a tiny amount. This change should show up in the arrival times of the pulsar’s radio pulses, which can be measured with a precision of around 20 RYAN SHANNON nanoseconds. The gravitational-wave (Curtin University and CASS) background should become clearer as an observing campaign grows longer. In 2015 the team operating LIGO (the Laser Interferometer Gravitational- As part of the Parkes Pulsar Timing Wave Observatory) made its first Array (PPTA) program, we have stunning discovery (announced in been monitoring 24 pulsars with 2016) of gravitational waves from the Parkes telescope to search for two merging black holes, each gravitational waves. We now have Predictions and limits on the gravitational-wave background. The a dataset spanning 11 years, three of about 30 solar masses. The black stars show the 95% confidence limit confirmation of black holes in this years longer than any comparable obtained by this study, while the other symbols are previously published limits. mass range, and the rapidity with one: its longer duration (plus better Each panel shows a different prediction which LIGO detected the merger, methods of analysis) means that it for the gravitational-wave background, sent scientists back to the drawing is more sensitive to gravitational based on four models for the evolution waves. But when we analysed it of supermassive black holes: the shaded board. In 2015 we too published a regions show the 1σ uncertainty in study, based on observations from in 2015 we found no sign of the each case. Panels (C) and (D) also show the Parkes telescope, which suggests gravitational-wave background! models that include the effects of Consequently, we have been able to environmentally-driven binary evolution. that we need to revise ideas about The black curve in each panel shows the a source of gravitational waves: in use this dataset to place a very strong nominal single-frequency sensitivities this case, supermassive black holes. limit on the background, six times of our observations. In (D), the blue pentagon shows the predicted upper limit more stringent than any before. on the gravitational-wave background 6 These black holes, of more than 10 that the Square Kilometre Array could solar masses, seem to be ubiquitous Our result suggests that at least achieve with a single-pulsar timing in large galaxies in today’s Universe. one of the assumptions underlying campaign: it excludes all considered models with > 98% probability. The existence of quasars shows they the models of gravitational-wave also inhabited galaxies in the early backgrounds is incorrect. For Universe. Galaxy mergers, presumed instance, the black holes may lose to be common at that time, must energy through viscous drag from PUBLICATION create binary pairs of supermassive surrounding gas and so come together Shannon, R.M. et al. “Gravitational waves black holes that themselves eventually and coalesce more rapidly than from binary supermassive black holes missing in pulsar observations”. Science, spiral together and coalesce. When expected; if that were so, the binaries 349 (6255), 1522–1525 (2015) the black holes get close enough would spend less time emitting together they become strong gravitational waves, reducing the emitters of gravitational waves, amplitude of the gravitational-wave sending space-time ripples on a background at low frequencies. billion-year trajectory toward Earth. Our result implies that detecting The combined signal from all the gravitational waves will probably binary supermassive black holes in require observations over many the Universe creates a background more years. Higher-cadence and rumble of gravitational waves. shorter-wavelength observations 26 CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility | Annual Report 2015 Viewing molecular gas at high redshifts line emission with high significance in With the wealth of high-resolution 17 of the 18 DSFGs from the SPT sample data provided by the Compact that we targeted (Aravena et al. 2016). Array, we were also able to calculate the conversion factor between CO We have now used the Compact Array luminosity and molecular gas mass, to image two of these 17 DSFGs at αCO, in more than one way (we used sub-kiloparsec scales. The sources gas-to-dust ratio, the dynamical gas were SPT0538–50 (z=2.78), which is of the galaxies, and the CO luminosity representative of the DSFG population, surface density) and compare the and SPT0346–52 (z=5.66), which is one results of the different methods. There of the highest-redshift DSFGs known. was reasonably good agreement, Both have lens models that allow us to α JUSTIN SPILKER giving an average value for CO derive the galaxies’ intrinsic gas and of 1.3 for SPT0346–52 and 1.5 for (PhD student – University of Arizona) dust properties. SPT0538–50 appears SPT0538–50. These conversion factors to be a pair of merging galaxies Since their discovery, dusty star- are similar to those determined for (as Bothwell et al. 2013 posited), forming galaxies (DSFGs) at high other rapidly star-forming systems. while SPT0346–52 looks more like a redshifts have challenged models merger than like the massive rotating of galaxy evolution. Their infrared disks normally seen in star-forming PUBLICATION luminosities imply star-formation galaxies at intermediate redshifts; Spilker, J.S. et al. “Sub-kiloparsec imaging rates of 100–1000 solar masses per of cool molecular gas in two strongly however, deeper observations year, which would turn them into lensed dusty, star-forming galaxies”. ApJ, will be needed to confirm this. 811, 124 (2015) massive, quiescent galaxies in only a hundred million years. Dusty star- forming galaxies are faint, and only a handful of sources (mostly lensed) have been observed in detail. As a result, we have known little about the distribution and quantity of the star-forming gas within them. A breakthrough occurred when the South Pole Telescope (SPT) discovered a population of rare but extremely bright millimetre-selected galaxies. Follow-up observations with several telescopes, including the Compact Array, showed that these objects are strongly gravitationally lensed. Using ALMA (the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array) we obtained unambiguous CO-based redshifts for 19 SPT sources. This doubled the number of starbursts known at z>4; indeed, our sample has two of the highest-redshift DSFGs in the literature (z=5.7). The Compact Array is the only facility that can access the critical low-J CO lines and so observe the cool gas A schematic representation of SPT0346–52. The coloured disks denote different CO(2–1) reservoirs in galaxies at z=2–7. In a velocity channels (truncated at the half-light radius): ‘x’ marks the centroid of each, and the ellipses are the positional uncertainties. The dashed black line is the FWHM and successful previous program with the 1σ location of the 870‑μm dust emission, while the thin black line is the lensing caustic. Compact Array we detected low-J CO (From Spilker et al. 2015) 27 Facility operations CSIRO Chief Executive Larry Marshall admiring a feedhorn under construction at CASS Input from the • International Pulsar Timing Array 2015 meeting (20–31 July) – for user community international researchers using The users of ATNF telescopes millisecond-pulsar timing to contribute to ATNF decision-making search for gravitational waves through an advisory group, the • Supermassive Black Hole Australia Telescope User Committee Growth and Evolution workshop (ATUC), the members of which are (27 July) – for researchers listed in Appendix A. ATUC considers working on the evolution of current operations, priorities for supermassive black holes future developments, and other • Radio Astronomy School (28 matters raised by the user community, September–2 October) – techniques then makes recommendations to the of radio astronomy, mainly ATNF Director: most recommendations for postgraduate students are accepted and implemented. This • ASKAP Early Science community Students at the International Pulsar year ATUC met in June and November. Timing Array student workshop in July. workshop (8 October) – for all Its reports to the ATNF Director, Photo: Matthew Bailes, Swinburne researchers involved in ASKAP’s University and the Director’s replies, can be Early Science program found at: http://www.atnf.csiro.au/ management/atuc/index.html. • Towards an SKA for WA seminar (21 October) – the first major event held by CASS in Perth, this meeting was to update WORKSHOPS, MEETINGS AND stakeholders and project partners COLLOQUIA about activities and planning for In 2015 the ATNF hosted a Square Kilometre Array project number of workshops and • Combined Bolton and student meetings for the benefit of the symposium (2 December) astronomical community: – an event to showcase work carried out with Australian facilities. • ATNF data-reduction workshop (2–5 June) – for all researchers In addition, at its Marsfield needing to process data headquarters the ATNF runs a Indigenous participants Leonie from ATNF telescopes program of regular colloquia, Boddington (CASS’s Aboriginal Liaison • Australia Telescope Users usually given by researchers visiting Officer) and Russell Simpson at the Towards an SKA for WA seminar in Committee science discussion from other countries or other October. Photo: Phil Crosby (1 June) – an open discussion parts of Australia. Thirty-three for all researchers on the (33) talks were given this year. use of ATNF facilities • H I in Dwarf Galaxies (15–16 July) – for researchers studying dwarf galaxies • International Pulsar Timing Array student workshop (19–24 July) – for students (primarily at PhD level) to hear from IPTA experts 30 CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility | Annual Report 2015 FACILITY REPORT: AUSTRALIA Legacy Projects will typically each require TELESCOPE COMPACT ARRAY more than 2000 hours of observing time, with probably more than 300 hours being allocated each semester. Prototype feedhorns for the 4cm band were installed on the Compact Legacy Projects recognise that the Array in late 2012. These extended ATCA is a mature, highly versatile radio the top end of the receiver range interferometer, and is set to remain from 10.8 GHz to 12 GHz. Following a forefront instrument until at least this successful upgrade, this year the completion of SKA phase 1. Its we added two further feeds to the broadband instrumentation provides array, leaving only antennas CA01 high sensitivity for spectral-line, and CA06 with the old feeds. continuum and polarisation studies over an exceptionally wide frequency range An intermittent problem with (1–105 GHz), a range that complements occasional phase jumps, seen initially those of ASKAP (0.7–1.8 GHz) and the on antenna CA03, was finally traced to Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter an on-board oscillator and we began a Array, ALMA (> 90 GHz). Up to 25 per cent program of replacing this component. of observing time may be allocated to Legacy Projects from 2016OCT onwards. During a two-week shutdown in A call for Expressions of Interest was May and June we replaced the issued in December to gauge the level control-building switchboard of community interest and to help and installed a new generator. CASS put appropriate arrangements in place to conduct Legacy Projects. The array’s cryogenic compressors are cooled by fans. In previous summers, hot westerly winds have sometimes overwhelmed these fans, leading the array to perform a ‘heat stow’. This December we solved the problem by installing new fan shrouds, which provide extra air movement. And, after many years of service, the last of the active hydrogen masers used at the Compact Array and Mopra were refurbished. To supplement the existing documentation for the Compact Array, this year we made the first two of a series of planned observer- training videos. These have been well received by telescope users. In November CASS informed the user community of its intention to implement a program of ATCA Legacy Projects from the 2016OCT semester. Legacy Projects will be large, coherent science investigations, not reproducible by any combination of Four antennas of the Compact Array. Photo: Vanessa Moss smaller projects, that generate data of general and lasting importance to the broad astronomical community. 31 FACILITY REPORT: PARKES By testing the PAF on Parkes we will The Parkes telescope enjoyed another gain a more detailed understanding of productive year of observations PAF performance and ensure that the in 2015, with pulsar timing and MPIfR will receive a fully characterised searches for pulsars and fast radio PAF. We prepared for the PAF’s bursts (FRBs) accounting for most of installation during a two-week the observing time. Parkes remote shutdown at Parkes in late November/ observing has gone well, aided by early December, running optical fibre the Telescope Protection System. from the focus cabin to the telescope Following feedback from telescope tower. The PAF will replace the 20-cm DST Global founder Yuri Milner (at users, the remote-observing multibeam receiver for up to eight podium) at the Royal Society, London, on months from early 2016: users were 20 July, announcing the Breakthrough Life requirements were modified during advised of this in the proposal calls for In The Universe Initiatives. the year. First-time observers still need Photo: Breakthrough Initiatives to come to the Science Operations the 2015APR and 2015OCT observing Centre (SOC) in Sydney for training semesters. To allow pulsar timing ahead of their observations, but the to continue during this period there many Parkes users who are frequent will be regular (monthly) changes of observers no longer have to visit receiver, the 10-cm/50-cm and H-OH the SOC annually to re-qualify. receivers being used alternately. A significant piece of sleuthing In November and December Parkes this year identified the source of and the Compact Array were used perytons: transient radio signals, together with the 70-m antenna of the lasting for just milliseconds, which Canberra Deep Space Communication The Parkes telescope. were first detected at Parkes in 2011. Complex at Tidbinbilla to conduct Photo: Alessandro Ridolfi From the beginning, researchers bistatic radar observations of two had suspected that perytons were near-Earth asteroids, the Tidbinbilla terrestrial in origin, yet they showed antenna transmitting while Parkes frequency-swept emission, mimicking and the Compact Array received (although imperfectly) fast radio the reflected signals. During this bursts. They were detected only a experiment the data stream was handful of times every year, making recorded on both a NASA-format them difficult to track down. But recorder and VLBI (very long baseline the installation of the new radio- interferometry) data recorders, frequency interference monitor at to test the feasibility of using the the observatory in December 2014 latter for future experiments. made it possible to clearly establish In July it was announced that Parkes that they were terrestrial interference would be a key element of the (from microwave ovens). The same Breakthrough Listen project, a search work clearly distinguished them from for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) the FRBs, which still appear to be program funded by the Breakthrough genuine extragalactic transients. Prize Foundation. Breakthrough Listen Parkes will be used to commission a will use 25 per cent of the available phased array feed (PAF) that CASS is observing time from October 2016. building for the Max Planck Institute Opportunities for commensal use for RadioAstronomy (MPIfR) in of this time are being explored. Germany. The PAF is to be used on the Effelsberg 100-m telescope near Bonn. 32 CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility | Annual Report 2015 FACILITY REPORT: MOPRA 26-m antenna (in Tasmania) and the An out-of-session observation was For the past three years, the National Ceduna 30-m (in South Australia). made in September in support of Astronomical Observatory of Japan Other telescopes that can be used in Russia’s RadioAstron space VLBI (NAOJ) and a consortium of the the VLBI network are: the 70-m and mission, with a ground array that University of New South Wales 34-m antennas at the Canberra Deep included the Australian LBA; and the University of Adelaide Space Communication Complex at the Green Bank Telescope, the Karl G. have contributed to the funding of Tidbinbilla; a single ASKAP antenna Jansky Very Large Array and the Very Mopra’s operations, and in return with a traditional ‘single-pixel’ Long Baseline Array (all in the USA); have been allocated blocks of feed; the Hartebeesthoek 26-m and the Korean VLBI Network; and the new observing time. Some observing 15-m antennas in South Africa; and the 65m Tianma Shanghai telescope in time has been reserved as ‘National Warkworth 12-m and 30-m antennas China – possibly the largest network Facility time’: this has been used for in New Zealand. Since 2008, data from the LBA has ever observed with. a number of single-dish programs the Long Baseline Array has been and for Mopra’s participation in correlated at Curtin University under a Long Baseline Array projects (see contract with ATNF. This arrangement below). The agreement that governed came to an end in September 2015, this operating arrangement came and the task of correlating the data to an end in October this year. has returned in-house. Cormac Reynolds, previously at Curtin In May 2014 CSIRO announced it University, joined CASS in October and would cease funding Mopra. We have is putting his experience and expertise since held discussions with parties in operating the DiFX software interested in operating Mopra. We correlator to good use in his new role. expect that routine maintenance of the facility will be contracted back to The capabilities of the LBA have been CASS on a full cost-recovery basis. enhanced by the AuScope antennas of the University of Tasmania, which The bushfire of 2013 damaged join our telescopes for observations Mopra’s site (although the telescope at 2.3 and 8.4 GHz when their itself was little affected). This year other commitments allow. A new The Mopra telescope. Photo: Cormac Purcell we completed the final tidying-up, 15-m antenna at Hartebeesthoek replacing the switchboard and putting (South Africa), operating at the a permanent roof over the remaining same bands, has allowed that site portion of the old control building. to join observations too, even when the main 26-m antenna at the site has been unavailable. FACILITY REPORT: LONG Auckland University of Technology BASELINE ARRAY has recently taken ownership of a 30-m antenna, previously used for The ATNF’s Long Baseline Array (LBA) telecommunications, at Warkworth is a set of telescopes used together in the South Island of New Zealand. for simultaneous observations, a The antenna’s 6.7-GHz receiver technique called very long baseline means it can join in observations interferometry (VLBI). The core of the 6.7-GHz spectral line from elements of the LBA are the ATNF’s cosmic methanol masers, the subject three telescopes in New South Wales of several ongoing LBA projects. (Parkes, Mopra and the Compact Array) and two telescopes of the University of Tasmania: the Hobart 33 FACILITY REPORT: AUSTRALIAN SKA PATHFINDER (ASKAP) As the year opened, the ASKAP commissioning team was continuing to work with the Boolardy Engineering Test Array, or BETA – six ASKAP antennas equipped with first-generation CSIRO phased array feed (PAF) receivers. In January the team produced a 150-square-degree image of the Tucana constellation that demonstrated the telescope’s rapid, wide-area survey capability. This image was over three times the size of previous efforts. It was soon followed by images created with the second-generation PAFs, six of had been installed on the ASKAP antennas at the end of 2015. With this set of six, the commissioning team created the first-ever 16-beam image to be made with PAF receivers. Then, eclipsing its own efforts, it produced a 25-beam image, made with five second-generation systems. Les Reilly at work on a second-generation At the year’s end there were around 20 more second-generation PAFs on phased-array feed. Photo: Flornes Yuen the production line in the Sydney workshop, and a number of completed systems undergoing final tests or crated-up and ready for shipping to site. Andrew Brown with ASKAP firmware crated for shipping to the Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory. Photo: Flornes Yuen This year the ASKAP commissioning team collected about 192 TB of BETA data. Three terabytes (3 TB) have been publicly released as demonstration data and will be used by the team developing the CSIRO ASKAP Science Data Archive (CASDA), the first version of which was released in November. Another team is working closely with the commissioning team and the ASKAP Survey Science Teams to deliver the bespoke data-reduction software, ASKAPsoft (details, page 37). The 150-square-degree image of the Tucana field produced during commissioning observations with the Boolardy Engineering Test Array (BETA). This image contains around 2000 sources above five sigma. Credit: Keith Bannister (observations) and Ian Heywood 34 CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility | Annual Report 2015 The ASKAP Early Science program will begin in 2016, using ASKAP antennas equipped with the second-generation PAFs. In December, a project team led by CASS’s Lisa Harvey-Smith secured 750,000 core hours of processing time for the Early Science data on the Magnus supercomputer at the Pawsey Supercomputing Centre in Perth, Western Australia. The time was awarded through the competitive National Computational Merit Allocation Scheme. Installing a second-generation phased- The first science papers based array feed on an ASKAP antenna at the MRO Credit: CSIRO on BETA commissioning data were published this year: • Allison, J.R. and 102 co-authors. “Discovery of H I gas in a young radio galaxy at z = 0.44 using the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder”. MNRAS, 453, 1249–1267 (2015) • Serra, P. and 79 co-authors. “ASKAP H I imaging of the galaxy group IC 1459”. MNRAS, 452, 2680–2691 (2015). Big strides were taken this year towards securing a permanent power supply for ASKAP’s site, the Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory. CSIRO appointed Perth- based company EMC (Energy Made Clean) to supply around 6000 panels for a 1.6 solar array and a 2.5-MWh lithium storage battery (one of the largest in Australia), while the WA State Government approved a power supply agreement between Horizon Power and CSIRO for the supply of electricity to the MRO. Construction of James Hannah installing ASKAP firmware a permanent hybrid (solar and diesel) at the MRO Credit: CSIRO power station will begin in 2016. 35 Technology and A PHASED ARRAY FEED FOR EFFELSBERG software development Through an agreement with the Max Planck Institute for Radioastronomy AN ULTRA-WIDEBAND FEED in Germany (MPIfR), CSIRO has been FOR PARKES building a phased array feed (PAF) About half the observing time on receiver for the 100-m Effelsberg Parkes is used for pulsar studies telescope in Germany. This PAF will that require a single beam, either operate in the 1150–1800 MHz band. the central beam of the multibeam It will be commissioned on the Parkes receiver or the 10-cm/50-cm receiver. telescope from early 2016, remaining Making these observations more there for up to eight months. A efficient would make the telescope specially designed GPU cluster and significantly more efficient overall. Ethernet switch will be installed as the system’s backend; MPIfR To do this, and to improve the will coordinate the coding of the sensitivity and precision of low- processing software. While on Parkes frequency observations, CASS is the PAF will be used to search for ‘fast developing an ultra-wideband radio bursts’ – cosmic radio signals, receiver that covers the band lasting on the order of a millisecond, 0.7–4.0 GHz. CASS’s Alex Dunning that have so far resisted explanation. has designed a new feed with exceptional polarisation properties and close to constant beamwidth Alex Dunning setting up the prototype ultra-wideband Parkes feed for testing. (that is, dish illumination) and Credit: Alex Dunning focal position over this nearly 6:1 frequency range. CSIRO has applied for a patent for this new design. A new digital signal-processing system will complement the feed and receiver. This year CASS’s Paul Roberts developed both hardware CASS engineer Aaron Chippendale and and firmware for this, and assembled Professor Michael Kramer, Director of the a prototype signal chain. Max Planck Institute for Radioastronomy, examining a phased-array feed under construction at CASS. Photo: Helen Sim The ultra-wideband feed in the antenna range for testing. Credit: Ray Moncay 36 CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility | Annual Report 2015 DATA REDUCTION FOR ASKAP data will be processed by ASKAPsoft In its final form, ASKAP will produce pipelines built on those used for BETA, an enormous data rate: 70 TB of and which incorporate improvements correlated visibilites in an eight-hour identified in commissioning. observation. Handling this torrent will As the ASKAP array grows, its require high-performance calibration increased sensitivity will mean a real- and imaging pipelines. The ASKAPsoft time calibration pipeline becomes package has been developed to meet more feasible, and the progressively the challenge. The imaging algorithms larger data rates will eventually and framework are designed to accord require a move to online (rather than with the processing requirements on offline, user-driven) processing. memory and run-time, and scientific requirements such as dynamic range. NEW SOURCE-FINDING ASKAPsoft will run in pipelines on SOFTWARE the Galaxy supercomputer at the CASS’s Paolo Serra and colleagues Pawsey Supercomputing Centre in have developed and made available Perth, Western Australia. Because for download new software, SOFIA, ASKAP will be primarily a survey which is designed to detect and telescope, these pipelines will run parameterise sources in 3D spectral- in near real-time, starting when line datasets. SOFIA has been an observation is complete and developed with future H I surveys in finishing in time to process the next. mind – surveys such as WALLABY and DINGO that will be done with the The Boolardy Engineering and Test Australian SKA Pathfinder, and the Array (BETA) – six ASKAP dishes APERTIF survey on the Westerbork equipped with first-generation telescope in the Netherlands. phased array feeds (PAFs) – was able However, the software can be used to generate nine dual-polarisation on a wide range of datasets. It can beams. BETA datasets were small search for line emission, on multiple enough to not require real-time scales, to detect 3D sources in a processing and could be processed complete and reliable way; estimate by other, more established (if the reliability of individual detections; not high-performance) software look for signal in arbitrarily large data packages. This has allowed us to cubes; and provide output products validate the ASKAPsoft algorithms that can be further analysed. SOFIA by comparing their performance is modular, and can be expanded as with well-understood workflows. new methods become available. We developed a pipeline that reflects the typical observing strategy used for BETA: dedicated calibrator observations, followed by a target or science field. Separate PAF beams were processed independently prior to mosaicing to form the final image. The next-generation PAFs are now being deployed on ASKAP antennas, and will be used to conduct the ASKAP Early Science program. Early Science The Magnus supercomputer at the Pawsey Supercomputing Centre in Perth, Western Australia, which will be used to process ASKAP Early Science data. Photo: Pawsey Supercomputing Centre 37 SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT protection for radio observatories Both radio telescopes and the and deep-space facilities. These antennas of NASA’s Deep Space efforts have led to the establishment Network use extremely sensitive radio of a ‘Radio Quiet Zone’ around receivers, and both radio astronomy the Murchison Radio-astronomy and spacecraft communications Observatory in Western Australia are impeded by man-made radio- and ‘Radio Notification Zones’ frequency interference (RFI). For around other radio observatories. these activities to continue, the Highlights of this work in 2015 were: frequency bands allocated to them need to be protected. More general • active participation in the ITU-R ‘spectrum management’ is also World Radiocommunication increasingly important because Conference, which made substantial new telescopes such as the Square changes to international spectrum Kilometre Array will attempt to allocations. Prior to the WRC access most of the radio spectrum. (held in November), CSIRO was involved in ACMA processes to At the international level, the develop Australia’s position for radio spectrum is regulated by the WRC agenda items, to ensure International Telecommunication protection of radio astronomy and Union (ITU); the international treaty space research spectrum. CSIRO called the ‘Radio Regulations’ also participated in ITU meetings is updated every four years via leading up to the WRC, developing the World Radiocommunication studies relevant to the agenda items Conference (WRC). In Australia, • leading the ITU-R studies spectrum regulation is handled by in Working Party 7D and the Australian Communications Working Party 3M and Media Authority (ACMA). • election of Carol Wilson from CSIRO strives to protect spectrum CSIRO as Chairman of ITU-R Study for both radio astronomy and space Group 3 (Radiowave Propagation) research. This requires a good working relationship with ACMA, • representing radio-astronomy and the ITU and other regional and space research interests in the international forums, and with the Department of Communications’ Department of Defence and other review of the spectrum- major users of the radio spectrum. management framework. CSIRO also works to gain more specific The extreme radio quietness of the Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory is protected by a Radio Quiet Zone. Photo: Pete Wheeler (ICRAR) 38 CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility | Annual Report 2015 SQUARE KILOMETRE ARRAY CSIRO continued its involvement in the 50-year lifetime of the observatory. PROJECT SKA project through seven of the 11 Negotiations will continue in 2016. The international Square Kilometre SKA R&D consortia, as lead of the Dish Toward the end of the year, an Array (SKA) project experienced a and Infrastructure-Australia consortia, announcement by Australian Prime number of key events during the and as a key partner in Assembly, Minister Malcolm Turnbull included year that carried the telescope a step Integration and Verification (AIV). a provisional funding allocation closer to the construction phase: Implications of the re-baselining for the SKA as part of the National these included the release of the SKA process included a change to CSIRO’s Innovation and Science Agenda. Science Book, the announcement of involvement in the Central Signal a permanent headquarters in the UK Processing (CSP) Consortium. As As part of the announcement, and annual meetings for the science of 2015, CSIRO now leads the CSP $293.7 million over 10 years was and engineering communities. sub-element design team, Low.CBF, set aside to meet Australia’s initial commitment to the SKA. The allocation In March, the SKA Board of Directors which is focused on the design of means that, contingent on a successful met to discuss Phase 1 design (SKA1) the correlator and beamformer for conclusion to the Convention of the future mega-science project. SKA1-Low. Collaborators from ASTRON negotiations and the development of A recommendation was made for a re- (Netherlands) and the Auckland a satisfactory business case, funding baselined SKA1, in which the design of University of Technology (New is available to meet Australia’s the €650M first phase would consist of Zealand) are also part of this team. obligations to the construction two complementary SKA instruments: Negotiations also began with SKA and initial operation of SKA1. • SKA1-mid: 200 parabolic antennas member governments, including in South Africa (including Australia, to establish the SKA the 64 MeerKAT dishes) Organisation as an Inter-Governmental Organisation (IGO) regulated by a • SKA1-low: 130,000 low- convention. The IGO convention frequency aperture-array will ensure strong governance for (dipole) antennas in Australia. the project and a structure for the The Low.CBF team at work. Photo: Andre Gunst, ASTRON Participants at the first round of discussions for the SKA Inter-Governmental Organisation treaty, held in Rome in October. Photo: Simon Berry 39 Outreach and education Murchison Astrofest CASS speakers were well represented VISITORS CENTRES at this biannual event, held on 5 September. Bärbel Koribalski and In 2015 the Visitors Centre at the James Allison gave talks about Parkes observatory attracted 87,139 their work while Rob Hollow gave visitors, significantly more than in a tour of the night sky and ran 2014 (68,427). The number of students daytime activities for the children. and teachers rose to 1,396 (from 1,183 in 2014), while the number of tour-group visitors fell to 1,636 (from 1,893 in 2014). The revenue from the Visitors Centre shop (and the online CASS’s Education and Outreach Officer, shop) rose to $730,191, up significantly Rob Hollow (left), with visitors at the Perth Astrofest from the $602,640 received in 2014. This year the Compact Array received 11,316 visitors, a number essentially unchanged from 2014 (11,600). With fewer staff on site, not all groups can be given a structured talk by a staff member; however, CASS’s Keith Bannister speaking at a panel session during the Vivid Festival in coach operators still consider Sydney on 24 May. Photo: Helen Sim the site a good destination. OUTREACH In addition to outreach that took CASS’s Bärbel Koribalski giving a talk at place at the observatory visitors the Murchison Astrofest centres, CASS staff contributed to the following key events: Perth Astrofest This annual event, held on 28 March, attracted 3,000 people for a half- day of astronomy talks, exhibitions and sky viewing. Several CASS staff ran a CASS/SKA booth at which visitors were able to build Lego ASKAP antennas and learn more about ASKAP, the MRO and the SKA Geraldton Science Festival At this two-day event (30–31 March), CASS staffed a booth and ran a marathon ten-hour PULSE@Parkes observing run for students, teachers then the public. This festival drew 1,000 people from the local region. 40 CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility | Annual Report 2015 COMMUNICATIONS Websites The ATNF uses a variety of channels Visits to the central ATNF for external communications. website reached 2.5 million this year, an increase of 22 per Media releases cent on 2014 numbers. This year CSIRO issued four media releases related to the ATNF: Blogs The CSIROnews and CSIROuniverse • Cosmic radio burst caught blogs were merged in 2015 to red-handed (19 January) become the CSIRO blog. During the • We’ve revealed a galaxy year CASS contributed 28 posts, far, far away … (6 July) of which 19 were focused on the • CSIRO and Internet investor ATNF and nine on the CDSCC. Yuri Milner strike deal for ET research (21 July) Internal CSIRO news • Eleven year cosmic search leads to In 2015 we contributed 10 articles black hole rethink (25 September). featuring ASKAP, ATNF people The release of 6 July, which concerned or sites/facilities to the CSIRO a detection by ASKAP of neutral internal newsletter, Monday Mail. hydrogen in absorption, resulted in Sunrise at The Dish at sunrise: on 31 July more than 200 hits on traditional ASKAP communications the Parkes telescope was featured on the media (print, radio, TV) and an Sunrise morning television program, with CASS handles communication related Glen Nagle and John Sarkissian being estimated reach of many millions interviewed. Photo: Glen Nagle across social-media platforms. to the Australian SKA Pathfinder A co-ordinated approach with project. In 2014 we generated 48 partner organisations within the issues of the internal ASKAP weekly international SKA project contributed newsletter, two issues of the bulletin to the impact of this release. ASKAP Update and one ASKAP Commissioning Update, and provided support for public talks, visits to Campaigns the Murchison Radio-astronomy In 2015 CSIRO Communications ran Observatory, and other events. themed campaigns to highlight older stories and long-running projects. The ATNF Daily Astronomy #CSIROspace campaign, which ran from Picture (ADAP) mid June to mid July, saw an average increase in views to the profiled web The ATNF Daily Astronomy Picture pages of 69 per cent. A link posted (ADAP), which started in December to the ATNF’s ASKAP page as the first 2014, has now launched more instalment of the series on Facebook than 500 images to show ATNF received over 400 likes, almost 60 science and engineering results, shares, and reached an audience of telescopes, colloquia and workshop 19,000 people; the ASKAP page itself announcements, and research saw a 286 per cent jump in traffic highlights. Each day’s image can after the link was posted, and received be accessed at www.atnf.csiro.au/ more visits than the CSIRO home- ATNF-DailyImage, which has a link page features did during that week. on the ATNF home page (www. atnf.csiro.au). The pictures also reach a broad audience through Twitter under the ‘handles’ of @ CSIRO_ATNF and @HIgalaxies, and through Facebook and Feedly. 41 EDUCATION Undergraduate Vacation Scholars The key education activities The 2015–2016 Undergraduate this year were: Vacation Scholarship Program saw 12 students from eight universities Teacher workshops working on research projects with CASS staff over the summer. Their Our Education and Outreach projects covered a diverse range of Specialist Rob Hollow ran a engineering and astrophysics topics, variety of workshop sessions at with several being related to PAFs and several science teacher events in ASKAP. As well as working on their Melbourne, Sydney and Geraldton. research projects the scholars visited the Australia Telescope Compact Array School visit CASS engineer Mary D’Souza talking at and in groups tackled an observing the Pia Wadjarri Remote Community In November students and staff from project of their choice, guided by School the Pia Wadjarri Remote Community Martin Bell and Robin Wark. The School visited the Murchison ten-week program concluded in mid- Radio-astronomy Observatory and February with a student symposium. toured ASKAP. This followed a day The program continues to attract of hands-on astronomy activities talented students eager to gain at the school led by CASS staff. experience at CASS. Charlotte Ward, one of the 2015–2016 students, has now commenced an PULSE@Parkes program Honours project at the University of Sydney, co-supervised by CASS This program allows school students astronomer Matthew Kerr. to observe with the Parkes telescope. A busy year of regular PULSE@ Parkes sessions ended with a tour to Guangzhou, China, in December Students at the Pia Wadjarri Remote where team members Matthew Kerr, Community School during their visit to the MRO Shi Dai and Rob Hollow ran three sessions for students from a number of high schools in the Guangdong region. The sessions were webcast in China and attracted local media interest. The visitors also gave talks to students at Guangzhou University and public talks at the Guangdong Undergraduate Vacation Scholars during Science Center. The tour was their visit to the Compact Array with funded by Guangzhou University program coordinators Robin Wark (at left) and Martin Bell (at right) and organised by the University’s Professor Hongguang Wang. CASS’s Shi Dai (at left) and Matthew Kerr leading a PULSE@Parkes session in China. Photo: Rob Hollow Charlotte Ward, a former Vacation Scholar who is now doing an Honours project at the University of Sydney, co- supervised by the ATNF. Photo: John Sarkissian 42 CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility | Annual Report 2015 STAFFING Director, Lewis Ball, to clearly set out CASS policies and procedures CASS’s Perth office grew to eight in a notice to staff in October. The staff by the year’s end. However, message sent a clear statement of total ATNF staff levels rose only support to anyone who had been slightly, as recruitment was largely the target of harassment or had offset by cessations. Twenty-four reported inappropriate behaviour. staff ceased employment in 2015 It further reminded staff of our as a result of resignation (8), commitment to developing and retirement (3), term employment maintaining a culture that respects, ending (11) and redundancy (2). values and actively pursues the benefits of a diverse workforce, and in which discriminatory policies DIVERSITY AND EQUITY and practices are not tolerated. In 2014 CASS formed a Diversity Committee to identify, implement, The Diversity Committee has discussed Brett Hiscock and Wilfredo Pena at the and monitor issues and initiatives developing and implementing Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory related to diversity and equity, and a Code of Conduct that sets out to ensure that all staff are treated appropriate behaviour for all the fairly and equitably. Chaired by Dr conferences we organise. At the Jill Rathborne, the committee is committee’s recommendation, this itself diverse, with members from was trialled at a CASS-organised different sites, research programs event (the Supermassive Black Hole and levels of the organisation. Workshop) in 2015. It was well received by the participants and Through its initial consultations the provoked discussions about diversity committee learned that staff were issues throughout the week. The largely unaware of CSIRO’s policies Astronomical Society of Australia and support related to diversity and (ASA) recently updated its own Code equity, so as its first task this year of Conduct for participants at ASA- the committee established a new endorsed meetings or activities. Jill Rathborne receiving CASS’s bronze CASS diversity website, http://www. Pleiades Award for 2014 from Sarah Brough CASS will adopt this ‘community’ (Chair of the ASA’s Women in Astronomy atnf.csiro.au/resources/diversity. version of the Code of Conduct for chapter) at the annual Scientific Meeting html. This is now the repository for all future meetings we host: we have of the Astronomical Society of Australia in information around diversity and July 2015. The Pleiades Awards are a new already adopted it for the ASKAP national scheme, set up by the Astronomical inclusion, including CASS initiatives. conference planned for 2016. Society of Australia, to improve gender equity in Australia’s astronomy departments The topic of sexual harassment The activities of the Diversity and research institutes. was vigorously discussed in the Committee are outlined in its annual international astronomical community report, http://www.atnf.csiro.au/ in 2015. This prompted the CASS CASS_Diversity_Committee_AR15.pdf. This also includes results of the annual demographic review and updates on other actions taken by the committee. 43 Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) We carried out 19 reviews of Training sessions on HSE issues were HSE-related issues within CASS. well attended this year (see Table 2). This is similar to the number of reviews last year (23). Reported lost-time injuries (LTI) in 2015 related to insect bites, verbal conflict and a fractured finger. The two medical-treatment injuries (MTI) related to manual handling. Table 2. ATNF Health and Safety training sessions COURSE NAME ATTENDEES Advanced Resuscitation 5 Asbestos Awareness and Management 7 Emergency Management Overview 1 HSE Principles of Contractor Management 17 ICAM Lead Investigator Course 2 Introduction to Emergency Management 1 Managing Mental Health at Work – Leaders 11 Mental Health Awareness for Managers 1 Starting with Your Safety 8 Total 53 Table 3. CASS health and safety incidents, 2012–2015. (1) E incidents = environmental incidents (2) H&S = health and safety (3) LTI = lost-time injuries: injuries that resulted in the loss of one or more whole days after the date of the injury (4) MTI = medical- treatment injury: an injury requiring medical treatment other than first-aid. PERIOD E INCIDENTS H&S INCIDENTS * LTI MTI Jan 2012 to Dec 2012 0 16 4 3 Jan 2013 to Dec 2013 1 10 1 3 Jan 2014 to Dec 2014 1 14 1 0 Jan 2015 to Dec 2015 2 4 3 2 * Injuries only (not inclusive of hazards and near miss incidents) 44 CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility | Annual Report 2015 Staff awards ASKAP TEAM WINS 2015 CHAIRMAN’S MEDAL In October the team behind ASKAP received CSIRO’s highest honour, the Chairman’s Medal. This award recognises exceptional research teams that have made significant scientific or technological advances of national, international and/ or commercial importance. The The CSIRO Chairman’s Medal citation for the award reads, CASS’s Lisa Harvey-Smith speaking “For revolutionising astronomy to the crowd at An evening with Buzz by developing a spectacular new Aldrin: Mission to Mars in Sydney on 28 November, before the appearance of the capability for observing wide areas man himself. Photo: Flornes Yuen of the sky using the world’s first widefield imaging receivers for radio astronomy on the antennas of the ASKAP radio telescope.” Eleven team members attended the awards ceremony in Canberra while ASKAP team members at the MRO with their medals the rest of the team, spread across six sites, celebrated simultaneously. L’ORÉAL FELLOWSHIP In September CASS’s Shari Breen was named as a L’Oréal –UNESCO CASS’s Shari Breen (fourth from left) with For Women in Science Fellow, her L’Oréal –UNESCO Fellowship Award. for her work on providing an Credit: L’Oréal Australia evolutionary timeline for high-mass star formation. Along with three other outstanding female scientists, Shari was selected from a field of over 240 applicants from Australia and New Zealand. The Fellowship comes with a prize of $25,000 to help recipients further their research. L’Oréal and UNESCO founded the program in 1998 to promote greater participation of women in science. Members of the ASKAP team at the CSIRO Awards ceremony. Credit: CSIRO EUREKA PRIZE FINALIST In October CASS’s Lisa Harvey- Lisa Harvey-Smith with Buzz Smith, the ASKAP Project Scientist, Aldrin. Photo: Live on Stage Australia was named as one of three finalists in the Science Communication and Journalism section of the prestigious Australian Museum Eureka Prizes. The citation described her as “a dynamic communicator bringing to life astronomy and its real-world impacts, particularly for girls and Indigenous Australian students.” 45 ATNF management team ATNF DIRECTOR AND DIRECTOR CSIRO ASTRONOMY AND SPACE SCIENCE DEPUTY DIRECTOR Lewis Ball Sarah Pearce ASSISTANT DIRECTOR, ASSISTANT DIRECTOR, OPERATIONS ASKAP Douglas Bock Antony Schinckel ASSISTANT DIRECTOR, ASSISTANT DIRECTOR, ENGINEERING ASTROPHYSICS Tasso Tzioumis Simon Johnston ASSISTANT DIRECTOR, WESTERN AUSTRALIA OPERATIONS MANAGER Phil Crosby Warren Bax 46 CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility | Annual Report 2015 Appendices Wildflowers at the MRO. Photo: Mark Leach 48 CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility | Annual Report 2015 A: Committee membership ATNF Steering Australia Telescope User Australia Telescope Time Committee in 2015 Committee in 2015 Assignment Committee (as of December 2015) CHAIR CHAIR Dr Susan Barrell, Bureau of Meteorology Associate Professor Virginia CHAIR Kilborn, Swinburne University Professor Sarah Maddison, Swinburne MEMBERS of Technology (2014–2017) University of Technology Ex-officio SECRETARY MEMBERS Professor Warrick Couch, Australian Dr Joanne Dawson, (Oct 2014–May 2017) Ex-officio Astronomical Observatory Macquarie University and CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science Dr Douglas Bock, CSIRO Astronomy Mr Brendan Dalton, CSIRO Chief and Space Science (Assistant Information Officer MEMBERS Director, Operations) Dr David Williams, CSIRO National Dr Minh Huynh, University of Western Dr Philip Edwards, CSIRO Facilities and Collections Australia (Oct 2012–May 2015) Astronomy and Space Science Dr Evan Keane, Swinburne University (Head of Science Operations) Australian-based of Technology*(Oct 2014–May 2017) Dr Jill Rathborne, CSIRO astronomers Dr Vanessa Moss, University of Astronomy and Space Science Professor Elaine Sadler, University Sydney (Oct 2015–May 2018) (TAC Executive Officer) of Sydney Dr James Miller-Jones, Curtin Professor Mark Wardle, Macquarie University (Oct 2014–May 2017) Voting members University Dr Paolo Serra, CSIRO Astronomy and Dr James Allison, CSIRO Professor Stuart Wyithe, Space Science (Oct 2014–May 2017) Astronomy and Space Science University of Melbourne Dr Stuart Ryder, Australian Dr Hayley Bignall, Curtin University Astronomical Observatory Dr Julia Bryant, Australian International advisers (Oct 2015–May 2018) Astronomical Observatory Professor Neal Evans, University Dr Stas Shabala, University of Dr Joanne Dawson, Macquarie of Texas at Austin, USA Tasmania (Oct 2014–May 2017) University and CSIRO Astronomy Professor Raffaella Morganti, Dr Willem van Straten, Swinburne and Space Science ASTRON, The Netherlands University (Oct 2015–May 2018) Dr Alan Duffy, Swinburne Professor Na Wang, Xinjiang Dr Tobias Westmeier, University of University of Technology Astronomical Observatory, China Western Australia (Oct 2012–May 2015) Professor Sarah Maddison, Swinburne University of Technology Broader community STUDENT MEMBERS Dr Ryan Shannon, Curtin Dr Susan Barrell, Bureau of Mr Andrew Butler, University of University and CSIRO Astronomy Meteorology Western Australia (Oct 2015–May 2016) Ms Claire-Elise Green, University of and Space Science Professor Robyn Owens, New South Wales (Oct 2014–Nov 2015) Dr Roberto Soria, Curtin University University of Western Australia Mr Vasaant Krishnan, University of Dr Ivy Wong, University Tasmania (Oct 2014–May 2015) of Western Australia Administrative support Amanda Gray, CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science *Now at the Square Kilometre Array Organisation in Manchester, UK The Australia Telescope Steering Committee appoints the members of the Australia Telescope User Committee (ATUC). New ATUC members usually start their three-year term with the October/November meeting in their first year and finish their term after the May/June meeting in their last year. Students are usually appointed for one year (two meetings). Dates of the first and last meetings are given. 49 B: Financial summary The table below summarises the revenue and expenditure applied to CSIRO’s radio astronomy activities, also including related activities resourced from the CSIRO Digital Productivity Flagship. YEAR TO YEAR TO YEAR TO YEAR TO YEAR TO 30 JUNE 2011 30 JUNE 2012 30 JUNE 2013 30 JUNE 2014 30 JUNE 2015 (A$’000) (A$’000) (A$’000) (A$’000) (A$’000) Revenue External 7,181 13,726 4,213 10,179 13,209 Appropriation 36,419 35,623 35,668 41,803 40,473 Total revenue 43,600 49,349 39,881 51,982 53,682 Expenses Salaries 14,046 14,884 16,688 17,723 19,545 Travel 1,080 1,093 1,432 1,325 1,429 Other operating 5,028 5,081 5,143 7,157 9,334 Overheads* 12,914 13,055 12,725 14,709 14,506 Corporate support services 0 0 0 0 0 Depreciation and amortisation 3,953 4,081 4,628 7,095 7,513 Doubtful debt expense 0 0 0 0 0 Total expenses 37,021 38,194 40,616 48,009 52,327 Profit/(Loss) on sale of assets 0 0 0 0 0 Operating result 6,579 11,155 – 735 3,973 ** 1,355 Notes *Overheads include corporate support services and business-unit support services. Appropriation includes the amount of approved loss to CSIRO representing the amount of unfunded depreciation on assets (for 2014–2015 the figure was $7,480k). **Operating surplus in 2014 and 2015 is predominately a result of actual depreciation being lower than forecast. 50 CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility | Annual Report 2015 C: Staff list ALL STAFF WHO WORKED FOR CASS ON RADIO-ASTRONOMY RELATED ACTIVITIES, AS OF DECEMBER 2015 This list includes casual staff and honorary fellows, but not students or contractors. MARSFIELD Drazenovic Vicki Operations Allen Graham Engineering Dunning Alexander Engineering Allison James Astrophysics Edwards Leanne Operations Amy Shaun Operations Edwards Philip Operations Ball Lewis CASS Director and ATNF Ekers Ron Fellow Director Ferris Richard Fellow Bannister Keith Astrophysics Forsyth Ross Engineering Barker Stephen Engineering Franzen Thomas Astrophysics Bateman Tim Engineering Gough Russell Fellow Bax Warren Finance Gray Amanda Administration Beresford Ron Engineering Green James Astrophysics Bock Douglas Operations Hampson Grant Engineering Bourne Michael Engineering Hartmann Carmel Administration Bowen Mark Engineering Harvey-Smith Lisa Astrophysics Breen Shari Astrophysics Haskins Craig Operations Broadhurst Steven Operations Hellbourg Gregory Engineering Broadhurst Sue Reception Heywood Ian Astrophysics Brothers Michael Engineering Hill Alex Astrophysics Brown Andrew Engineering Hobbs George Astrophysics Bunton John Engineering Hollow Robert Communications and Castillo Santiago Engineering Outreach Chapman Jessica Operations Humphreys Ben Operations Chekkala Raji Engineering Huynh Minh Engineering Cheng Wanxiang Engineering Indermuehle Balthasar Operations Chippendale Aaron Engineering Jeganathan Kanapathippillai Engineering Chow Kate Project Specialist Johnson Megan Astrophysics Chung Yoon Engineering Johnston Simon Astrophysics Clampett Keith Stores Kachwalla Elsa Reception Cooper Paul Engineering Kanoniuk Henry Engineering Craig Daniel Operations Kerr Matthew Astrophysics D'Amico Andy Stores Kesteven Michael Engineering Death Michael Engineering Kiraly Dezso Engineering Doherty Paul Engineering Koribalski Bärbel Astrophysics 51 Kosmynin Arkadi Operations Storey Michelle Fellow Largent Marcia Health, Safety and Stuart Wayne Engineering Environment Tesoriero Julie Administration Leach Mark Engineering Toomey Lawrence Operations Li Li Engineering Troup Euan Operations Lie Jennifer Engineering Tuthill John Engineering Lim Boon Engineering Tzioumis Tasso Engineering Mackay Simon Engineering Voronkov Maxim Operations Macleod Adam Project Specialist Wark Robin Operations Maher Tony Operations Whiting Matthew Operations Manchester Dick Fellow Wieringa Mark Operations Marquarding Malte Operations Wilson Warwick Fellow McConnell David Operations Wilson Carol Engineering McIntyre Vincent Operations Wright Andrew Human Resources McKinnon Mark SKA Wu Xinyu Operations Merrick Sarah Finance Yuen Flornes Communications and Mitchell Daniel Operations Outreach Moncay Ray Engineering NARRABRI Neuhold Stephan Engineering Bateman John Operations Norris Ray Fellow Cole James Operations O'Loughlin Vicki Administration Dodd Susan Operations O’Toole Sally Reception Forbes Kylee Operations Pearce Sarah CASS Deputy Director Hill Michael Operations Phillips Chris Operations Hiscock Brett Operations Pope Nathan Operations Hiscock Jennifer Operations Poshoglian Meg Reception Johnson Brian Property Services Rathborne Jill Astrophysics Kelly Pamela Operations Reilly Les Engineering Lennon Brett Operations Reynolds John Project Specialist McFee John Operations Roberts Paul Engineering McFee Margaret Operations Rosolen Grahame Engineering McPherson Liza-Jane Operations Sanders Aaron Engineering Mirtschin Peter Operations Schinckel Antony Project Specialist Munting Scott Operations Serra Paolo Astrophysics Rex Jordan Operations Seymour Nicholas Astrophysics Shields Mick Health, Safety and Environment Shannon Ryan Astrophysics Stevens Jamie Operations Shaw Robert Engineering Sunderland Graeme Operations Shields Matthew Engineering Tough Bruce Operations Smith Stephanie Engineering Wilson John Operations Soo Susan Administration 52 CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility | Annual Report 2015 Wilson Tim Operations Harding Alex Operations Wilson Christine Operations Hayden Rowan Operations PARKES Jackson Suzy Operations Abbey Alex Operations McDougall Geoffrey Operations Crocker Jonathan Operations McConigley Ryan Operations D'Mello Glen Operations Morris John Operations Hoyle Simon Operations Pena Wilfredo Health, Safety and Environment Hunt Andrew Fellow Puls Lou Operations Kaletsch Robert Operations Reay Michael Operations Kinsela Leonie Communications Simpson Godfrey Project Specialist Lees Tom Operations MURCHISON Lensson Erik Fellow Hawkins Rikki Operations Mader Stacy Operations Merry Clarence Operations Marshall Margaret Operations Merry Jolene Operations Milgate Lynette Communications and Outreach Merry Shaydene Operations Preisig Brett Operations PERTH Reeves Ken Operations Brooks Kate Operations Ruckley Timothy Operations Crosby Phil Business Strategy Sarkissian John Operations Drake Marilyn Administration Smith Malcolm Operations Guzman Juan Carlos Operations Trim Tricia Communications and Haskins Craig Operations Outreach Hotan Aidan Project Specialist Tye Alison Communications and Outreach Ogden Ian Operations Unger Karin Communications and Reynolds Cormac Operations Outreach CANBERRA Veale Roxanne Communications and Zamora-Pullin Kobi Astrophysics Outreach CANBERRA DEEP SPACE COMMUNICATION COMPLEX GERALDTON Horiuchi Shinji Astrophysics Armstrong Brett Operations Nagle Glen Communications and Boddington Leonie Operations Outreach Brem Christoph Operations D’Souza Mary Operations Cox Thomas Operations Desmond Rochelle Operations Hanna James Operations Halleen Ben Operations 53 D: Observing programs OBSERVATIONS ALLOCATED TIME BY THE TIME ASSIGNMENT COMMITTEE A small number of ‘Target of Opportunity’ observations are not listed. Proposal cover sheets are available through the ATNF proposal application system, OPAL (http://opal.atnf.csiro.au). OBSERVATIONS MADE WITH THE COMPACT ARRAY, OCTOBER 2014 TO SEPTEMBER 2015 OBSERVERS PROGRAM NO. Stevens, Edwards, Wark, Wieringa ATCA Calibrators C007 Staveley-Smith, Zanardo, Ng, Gaensler, Tzioumis Supernova Remnant 1987A C015 Corbel, Tzioumis, Kaaret, Tomsick, Orosz, Loh, Fender Large scale radio/X-ray jets in microquasars C1199 Ryder, Kool, Stockdale, Kotak, Polshaw, Romero-Canizales, Amy, NAPA observations of core-collapse supernovae C1473 Burlon, Van Dyk, Immler Edwards, Stevens, Ojha, Lovell, Kadler, Blanchard, Macquart, ATCA monitoring of gamma-ray loud AGN C1730 Hungwe, Mueller, Wilms, Boeck Lumsden, Purser, Hoare, Cunningham Ionised jets from massive young stellar objects C1862 Voronkov, Goedhart, Maswanganye, Caswell, Ellingsen, Sobolev, Understanding periodic flares of the methanol C1929 Green, Breen, van der Walt, Parfenov masers Agliozzo, Buemi, Leto, Umana, Trigilio, Ingallinera, Pignata Radio detection of Luminous Blue Variable nebulae C1973 in the Magellanic Clouds Corbel, Edwards, Wieringa, Tingay, Sadler, Thompson, Grenier, ATCA follow-up of unidentified flaring Fermi C2051 Cheung, Cameron, Ojha, Schinzel, Gehrels, Chaty, Dubus, Abraham gamma-ray sources Possenti, Wieringa, Esposito, Burgay, Israel, Rea Continuum radio emission from magnetars in C2456 outburst Rebolledo, Green, Brooks, Gaensler, Burton, Smith, Purcell, Reiter, Carina Parkes–ATCA Radio Centimetre-wavelength C2489 Rathborne, Breen, Voronkov, Garay, O'Sullivan Survey (CARPARCS) Soria, Blair, Long, Godfrey, Miller-Jones, Kuntz, Winkler, Plucinsky, Young supernova remnants in the spiral galaxy M83 C2494 Stockdale, Dopita Miller-Jones, Maria, Migliari The disc wind–jet connection in black hole C2514 transients Miller-Jones, Jonker, Maccarone, Nelemans, Sivakoff, Tzioumis Constraining black-hole formation with triggered C2538 LBA astrometry Shimwell, Duong, O'Sullivan Resolving the origin of filaments in radio galaxies: C2575 the special case of the Centaurus A ‘vertex’ Miller-Jones, Sivakoff, Altamirano, Krimm, Russell, Curran, Soria, Jet–disc coupling in black-hole X-ray binary C2601 Tingay, Moin outbursts Petrov, Edwards, Kovalev, Mahony, Mcconnell, Murphy, Sadler, Study of the population of steady Fermi emitters C2624 Schinzel, Taylor found in 3FGL Delhaize, Smolcic, Huynh, Baran, Novak, Birkinshaw, Rottgering, ATCA–XXL: Feedback processes through cosmic time C2627 Horellou, Lidman, Pierre, Chiara, McGee, Raychaudhury, Pacaud, Comastri, Bremer, Tothill, O'Brien, Norris, Bondi, Ciliegi Hancock, Bell, Murphy, Gaensler, de Ugarte Postigo, Burlon ATCA observations of the brightest and highest- C2689 redshift GRB/SNe Maddison, Ricci, Marshall, Thilliez, Wilner, MacGregor, Matthews, PLATYPUS: a southern debris disk survey at 7mm C2694 Holland Kilborn, Lutz, Koribalski, Catinella, Cortese, Denes, Wong, Jozsa, Gas accretion in nearby spiral galaxies C2705 Garel, Brown, Wolfinger 54 CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility | Annual Report 2015 OBSERVERS PROGRAM NO. Hancock, Murphy, Gaensler, Kulkarni, Schmidt The GRB/SNe central engines as revealed by C2707 relativistic SNe Emonts, Villar-Martin, Norris, Dannerbauer, Lehnert, Miley, Mao, Cold gas filling a cosmic ‘Spiderweb’ of proto- C2717 de Breuck, Seymour, Ekers, Sadler, van Moorsel, Rottgering, Carilli galaxies: witnessing the in-situ birth of a giant cluster elliptical? Burlon, Hancock, Murphy, Ghirlanda, Bell, Greiner, Klose, The quest for short GRB radio afterglows C2721 Bannister, Gaensler Johanson, Migenes Low-frequency follow-up observations of high-mass C2773 star-forming regions in the LMC Trigilio, Umana, Leto, Buemi Is Alpha Centauri revealed by the new generation of C2836 radio telescopes? Nicuesa Guelbenzu, Klose, Michalowski, Palazzi, Greiner, Hunt, Revealing the dust-obscured star-formation rate in C2840 Rossi, Savaglio short-GRB host galaxies Qiao, Walsh, Green, Dawson, Jones, Cunningham, Jones, Gomez, SPLASH: Accurate OH maser positions C2872 Imai, Ellingsen, Breen, Lowe, Shen Miller-Jones, Strader, Chomiuk, Heinke, Sivakoff, Maccarone, A comprehensive ATCA survey for black holes in C2877 Shishkovsky, Huizenga southern globular clusters Miller-Jones, Strader, Chomiuk, Heinke, Sivakoff, Maccarone, A comprehensive ATCA survey for black holes in C2877 Shishkovsky, Tudor, Huizenga southern globular clusters Chen, Ellingsen, Qiao, Breen, Baan, Xu A search for Class I methanol megamasers C2879 Motogi, Walsh, Sugiyama, Hirota, Honma, Niinuma, Sorai, High-sensitivity survey of a pole-on disk-jet system C2883 Yonekura, Fujisawa, Hachisuka around high-mass YSOs Edge, Hogan, McDonald, Hlavacek-larrondo, Benson, Carlstrom, AGN feedback in SPT cluster cores C2884 Holzapfel, Marrone, Sadler, Mahony, Allen, Stadler, Forman, Mcnamara, von der Linden, Brodwin, Stark, Reichardt Bignall, Reynolds, Koay, Macquart, Schnitzeler, Cimo, Hodgson, ATCA monitoring in support of RadioAstron C2898 Jauncey, Kovalev, Gurvits, McCallum, Shabala observations of high-brightness-temperature AGN Sivakoff, Miller-Jones, Bahramian, Chomiuk, Heinke, Maccarone, Searching for the first transient black-hole X-ray C2902 Strader binary in a Galactic globular cluster Dunne, Ivison, Maddox, Oteo, Zhang, Stevens, Manilla Robles The most distant starburst: 13 Gyr or bust C2905 Fujii, Dawson, Mizuno, Minamidani, Kawamura, Muller, Onishi, Dense molecular clump formation in the collisional C2908 Fukui region of the LMC supergiant shells Bannister, Walker, Stevens, Johnston, Bignall, Reynolds, Tuntsov ATESE: An ATCA survey for Extreme Scattering Events C2914 Shimwell, Stroe, Hoang Ultra-deep observations to map the diffuse radio C2915 emission from a sample of merging galaxy clusters. Ott, Mills, Meier, Weiss, Henkel, Staveley-Smith, Rathborne, Survey of Water and Ammonia in the Galactic Center C2927 Contreras, Walsh, Burton, Crocker, Longmore, Yusef-Zadeh, Lang, (SWAG) Jones, Morris, Zhang, Ginsburg, Rosolowsky, Corby, Schilke, Goldsmith, Battersby, Bihr, Bally, Beuther, Menten, Anderson, Morabito, Edwards, Kruijssen Schnitzeler, Eatough, Noutsos, Shannon, Lee, Spitler, Falcke, Probing the magnetic field surrounding the nearest C2933 Champion, Kramer supermassive black hole Lumsden, Hoare, Cunningham, Purser, Urquhart Discs around massive protostars C2935 Suarez, Gomez, Bendjoya, Miranda, Green Monitoring the real-time birth of a planetary nebula C2949 Greiner, Moin, Tingay, Wieringa, Klose, Schady, van Eerten, van Testing the gamma-ray burst fireball scenario C2955 der Horst Dickey, Bania, Brown, Dawson, Jordan, Mcclure-Griffiths, Southern H II Region Discovery Survey (SHRDS) C2963 Anderson, Armentrout, Balser, Johnstone, Wenger Bannister, Walker, Johnston, Stevens, Bignall, Reynolds, Tuntsov Daily monitoring of ATCA Extreme Scattering Events C2965 Cunningham, Lumsden, Purser Probing the evolution of MYSOs using methanol C2967 maser emission Mao, Norris, Middelberg, Lacy, Herzog, Emonts, Collier, Carilli, van CO in infrared-faint radio sources C2982 Moorsel 55 OBSERVERS PROGRAM NO. Aravena, Spilker, Marrone, de Breuck, Aguirre, Bethermin, Resolved CO imaging in bright gravitationally lensed C2983 Bothwell, Carlstrom, Chapman, Crawford, Fassnacht, Gonzalez, galaxies at z=2–6 Greve, Gullberg, Hezaveh, Ma, Malkan, McIntyre, Murphy, Seymour, Stark, Strandet, Tothill, Vieira, Weiss Murray, Stanimirovic, Lindner, Mcclure-Griffiths, Dickey The formation of dark molecular gas from cold C2984 atomic hydrogen in the Magellanic System Fissel, Ashton, Cunningham, Devlin, Dober, Elia, Friesen, Do magnetic fields provide support against the C2988 Giannini, Galitzki, Jones, Zhi-Yun, Lorenzetti, Lourie, Lowe, Massi, gravitational collapse of starless cores in Vela C? Netterfield, Novak, Olmi, Pascale, Poidevin, Soler, Tucker, Ward- Thompson, Green, Hill Tothill, Norris, Seymour, O'Brien, Collier, Galvin, Crawford, Extended cluster emission in the SPT Deep Field C2992 Filipovic, Holzapfel, Huynh, Malkan, Marrone, McIntyre, Murphy, Spilker, Stark, Vieira, Walsh, Reiprich, Clerc, Salvato, Smolcic Galvin, Seymour, Filipovic, Tothill Characterising the thermal and non-thermal C2993 emission of star-forming galaxies Massardi, Lopez-Caniego, de Zotti, Gonzalez-Nuevo, Bonavera, Completion of the ATCA follow-up of blazar C2994 Casasola, Negrello, Herranz, Lapi, Ricci, Michalowski, Birkinshaw, candidates in the H-ATLAS fields Jarvis, Temi Goldman, van Loon, Green, Imai, Groenewegen, Nanni, Wood Locating circumstellar masers in metal-deficient C2996 environments Dodson, Stevens, Rioja, Jung, Kino, Hada, Lee, Zhao, Lee Testing the innermost collimation structure of C2997 the M87 jet at ~10RS from the black hole with microarcsecond astrometry Musaeva, Koribalski, Farrell, Sadler Searching for intermediate-mass black holes in C3000 dwarf galaxies using jet emission Piro, Ricci, Troja, Gendre, Fiore, Piranomonte, Bannister, Wieringa ATCA observations of the new class of ultra-long C3001 GRBs: a local proxy of Pop III explosions? Stanway, Levan, Davies Infrared-Bright GRB hosts: a nearby, dusty C3002 population? Dannerbauer, Kurk, de Breuck, Emonts, Wylezalek, Santos, Characterizing dusty starbursts at z=2.2 in a high- C3003 Koyama, Seymour, Tanaka, Altieri, Coia, Galametz, Lehnert, density field Matiz, Miley, Kodama, Rottgering, Sanchez-Portal, Valtchanov, Venemans, Ziegler Corbel, Tzioumis, Kaaret, Tomsick, Orosz, Loh, Fender Large scale radio/X-ray jets in microquasars (NAPA C3004 part) Kirichenko, Voronkov, Shibanov, Danilenko, Zyuzin High-angular-resolution study of the J1400–6325 C3005 pulsar wind nebula and its host remnant G310.6–1.6 with the ATCA Guzman, Garay, Rodriguez, Contreras Disk mediated high-mass star formation inside a C3006 hyper-compact H II region Papitto, Migliari, Rea, Torres, Bozzo, Ferrigno, Pavan Coupling accretion and ejection in transitional C3007 millisecond pulsars Sathyanarayana Rao, Subrahmanyan, Briggs Astrophysics of the 2p-2s fine-structure line of C3009 hydrogen Miller-Jones, Diaz trigo, Migliari, Rahoui, Russell Exploring the nature of relativistic jets in neutron C3010 star X-ray binaries Miller-Jones, Heinke, Bogdanov, Strader, Chomiuk, Maccarone, A new black-hole candidate in the globular cluster C3012 Sivakoff 47 Tucanae Gelfand, Ransom, Kouveliotou, Roberts, Gogus, Granot, Zhang, Al The radio emission of Galactic Center magnetar C3014 Ali SGR J1745–29 Chomiuk, Bannister, Finzell, Rupen ATCA observations of the complex explosions C3015 driving gamma-ray detected novae Moss, Tingay, Sadler, Allison, Maccagni, Stevens, Edwards, Rocking the cradle: a case study in continuum and C3019 Macquart, Morganti, Oosterloo spectral variability in young radio AGN Mcclure-Griffiths, Dawson, Denes, Dickey, Lindner, Stanimirovic Taking the temperature of the Riegel-Crutcher cloud C3020 56 CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility | Annual Report 2015 OBSERVERS PROGRAM NO. Contreras, Rathborne, Jackson, Sanhueza, Gomez, Whitaker Determining the temperature structure of a massive C3021 proto-cluster Avison, Peretto, Fuller, Traficante, Duarte Cabral, Pineda, Outflows from the massive stars of SDC335 C3023 Cunningham, Guesten Green, Cunningham, Dawson, Walsh, Jones, Lowe, Fissel, Friesen, Characterising the properties and evolutionary C3024 Novak, Olmi, Lo, Bronfman, Toth, Leurini, Urquhart, Pillai, stages of two unusual Vela C molecular cloud Kauffmann, Henkel, Hill, Minier, Redman, Wiles filaments with ATCA ammonia observations Vlemmings, Olofsson The OH masers of the post-common envelope binary C3025 HD 101584 Huynh, Emonts, Smail, Swinbank, Thomson, Kimball, Ivison, Fundamental studies of molecular gas in z > 2 ALMA- C3026 Brandt, Casey, Chapman, Dannerbauer, Hodge, Schinnerer, Walter, identified submillimeter galaxies Wardlow, van der Werf Heywood, Whittam, Jarvis, Smirnov, Deane What is the nature of the faint source population at C3027 high radio frequencies? Callingham, Gaensler, Ekers, Wayth, Tingay, Allison, Seymour Broadband spectral modelling of Gigahertz-Peaked C3030 Spectrum sources: Dying young and frustrated? Loomis, Oberg, Wilner, Remijan Imaging the complex chemical evolution around a C3034 solar-type protostar Shimonishi, Bekki, Motogi, Nishimura, Kawamura, Watanabe, Molecular chemistry of high-mass star-forming C3037 Sakai, Aikawa, Yamamoto clumps in the Large Magellanic Cloud Johnson, Kamphuis, Kepley, Kimball, Koribalski, Marvil, Serra, van CHILLING: Continuum Halos In LVHIS Local Irregular C3041 Vliet Wiegert, Wang, Green Nearby Galaxies Kaczmarek, Purcell, Mao, Hunstead, Gaensler, Mcclure-Griffiths Observing the pan-Magellanic magnetic field C3043 Bhandari, Keane, van Straten, Bailes Localisation of fast radio bursts C3044 Ginsburg, Walsh, Dawson, Rathborne, Menten, Henkel, Immer, Geometry of clouds and H II regions in the CMZ C3045 Battersby, Mills, Ott, Kruijssen, Jones, Cunningham, Pillai, using H2CO Kauffmann, Longmore, Testi, Contreras Sahai, Vlemmings, Nyman Millimeter-sized grains at the center of the coldest C3046 place in the Universe OBSERVATIONS MADE WITH THE PARKES RADIO TELESCOPE, OCTOBER 2014 TO SEPTEMBER 2015 OBSERVERS PROGRAM NO. Bhat, Bailes, Haase, Van straten, Venkataraman, Verbiest Timing the neutron star-white dwarf binary P361 PSR J1141–6545 D'Amico, Possenti, Lyne, Manchester, Corongiu, Burgay, Camilo, Timing of millisecond pulsars in globular clusters P427 Sarkissian, Bailes, Van Straten, Johnston, Kramer Burgay, Kramer, Stairs, Manchester, Lorimer, McLaughlin, Lyne, Timing and geodetic precession in the double pulsar P455 D'Amico, Possenti, Ferdman, Camilo, Yuen Hobbs, Bailes, Bhat, Burke, Coles, Keith, Levin, Manchester, A millisecond pulsar timing array P456 Oslowski, Sarkissian, Shannon, Ravi, van Straten, Wang, Kerr, Zhu, Wen, Dai, Reardon Titov, Edwards, Reynolds, Reynolds, Shabala, Tzioumis, Jauncey, Improving the terrestrial and celestial reference P483 Dickey, Lovell, Ellingsen, Quick, de Witt, Gulyaev, Natusch, Bignall, frame through Southern Hemisphere geodetic VLBI Watson observations Mader, Cersosimo, Azcarate A 20-cm radio recombination-line survey of the 4th P486 Galactic quadrant Kerr, Johnston, Shannon, Weltevrede, Manchester, Hobbs, Petroff, Young pulsar timing and the Fermi mission P574 Brook, Romani, Thompson, Possenti Hobbs, Hollow, Shannon, Kerr, Petroff, Ravi, Bannister PULSE@Parkes (Pulsar Student Exploration online at P595 Parkes) 57 OBSERVERS PROGRAM NO. Camilo, Reynolds, Sarkissian, Halpern, Ransom, Johnston The remarkably active radio magnetar P602 1E 1547.0–5408 Burgay, Israel, Rea, Possenti, Esposito, Sarkissian Searching for radio pulsations triggered by the X-ray P626 outburst of magnetars Reynolds, Chippendale, Hotan 64-m/PTF 12-m tests P628 Champion, Bailes, Johnston, Kramer, Possenti, Stappers, Keith, The High Time Resolution Universe P630 Burgay, Van straten, Bhat, Burke, Bates, D'amico, Levin, Milia, Ng, Thornton, Coster, Barsdell, Tiburzi, Petroff, Flynn, Barr Ridley, Lorimer, Mclaughlin, Kondratiev A high time resolution survey of the Small P682 Magellanic Cloud Hobbs, Van Straten, Manchester, Keith, Bailes, Carretti, Reynolds, Instrumental calibration for pulsar observing at P737 Johnston, Jameson, Sarkissian, Shannon Parkes Petroff, Keane, Burke-Spolaor, Miller, Kramer, Stappers, Transient radio neutron stars P786 McLaughlin, Johnston, Bailes Barr, Bailes, Burgay, Camilo, Champion, Cromartie, Eatough, Timing of binary and millisecond pulsars discovered P789 Hobbs, Jankowski, Johnston, Keane, Keith, Kerr, Kramer, Levin, at Parkes Lorimer, Manchester, Ng, Ferdman, Possenti, Ransom, Ray, Stairs, Stappers, van Straten, Burke-Spolaor Breen, Green, Caswell The final slice of the pi: polarimetric observations of P808 OH masers at 13.4 GHz Shannon, Ravi, Hobbs A Parkes transit survey for pulsed radio emission P855 during windstows and maintenance Keane, Bailes, Barr, Bates, Bhandari, Bhat, Burgay, Burke-Spolaor, SUPERB - A SUrvey for Pulsars and Extragalactic P858 Caleb, Eatough, Flynn, Jameson, Jankowski, Johnston, Keith, Radio Bursts Kramer, Levin, Lyon, Morello, Ng, Petroff, Possenti, Stappers, van Straten, Tiburzi Toomey, Hobbs, Johnston, Bhat, Shannon Searching towards the Galactic Centre region for P859 pulsed radio emission Ng, Champion, Kramer, Bailes, Johnston, Possenti, Stappers, Initial follow-up of Pulsar discoveries from the HTRU P860 Keith, Burgay, van Straten, Bhat, Bates, Petroff, Flynn, Barr, Keane, Galactic Plane Survey Jameson, Cameron, Caleb, Bhandari Hobbs, Kerr, Shannon, Ravi, Johnston, Hollow, Dai Analysis of state-switching pulsars P863 Barr, Burgay, Caleb, Champion, Eatough, Flynn, Freire, Possenti, Candy from the 47 Tuc shop P866 Jameson, Johnston, Keane, Kerr, Kramer, Morello, Ng, van Straten, Tiburzi Possenti, Mereghetti, Bhat, Ord, Ransom, Esposito, Tiengo, Simultaneous X-ray/radio observations of the mode- P868 Turolla, Burgay switching PSR B0943+10 Jankowski, Bailes, van Straten, Keane, Barr A snapshot survey of 500 pulsar spectral indices P875 Shannon, Kerr, Hobbs, Bhat, Johnston, Cordes, Lam, Ravi Measuring the bandwidth of the pulsar emission P877 mechanism You, Hobbs, Shannon, Coles Detection the dispersion and rotation measure P878 caused by the solar wind using millisecond pulsars Burke-Spolaor, Bhat, Champion, Flynn, Kasliwal, Kramer, Kulkarni, Exploring the progenitors of fast radio bursts P879 Petroff, Wolf, Yuan Possenti, de Martino, Belloni, Burgay, Papitto, Pellizzoni Investigating the ‘transitional’ binary pulsar P880 XSS J12270–4859 Cordiner, Milam, Charnley, gilles, Smith, Wirstrom Quantifying nitrogen isotope enrichment around P881 the young protostar Chamaeleon MMS1 Dai, Hobbs, Shannon, Kerr, Tiburzi To investigate the frequency evolution of PSR P882 J1713+0747's pulse profile in order to develop a frequency-dependent timing technique Shannon, Ravi, Carretti, Kerr, Bailes, Jameson, Bannister, Burke- The Parkes All Radio Transients in the skY (PARTY) P883 Spolaor, Lasky survey McGuire, Carroll, Blake, Remijan Propylene oxide: The first interstellar chiral molecule P884 58 CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility | Annual Report 2015 OBSERVERS PROGRAM NO. Camilo, Scholz, Reynolds, Sarkissian, Johnston Understanding the remarkable behaviour of radio P885 magnetars Hobbs, Dai, Yuen, Li, Wang, Toomey, Zic, Obst, Pan, Wang, Ngoc, Searching for pulsars using the CSIRO Pulsar Data P886 Zhang, Dempsey Archive Kerr, Johnston, Shannon, Camilo, Ray, Ferrara Probing the gamma-ray pulsar population with P887 Parkes Petroff, Caleb, Keane, Johnston, van Straten Expanding the rotating-radio-transient parameter P888 space Said, Kraan-Korteweg, Jarrett, Staveley-Smith, Springob, Williams Cosmic flows in the Zone of Avoidance P890 Keane, Bailes, Barr, Bates, Bhandari, Bhat, Burgay, Burke-Spolaor, SUPERBx – The SUrvey for Pulsars and Extragalactic P892 Caleb, Eatough, Flynn, Jameson, Jankowski, Johnston, Keith, Radio Bursts Extension Kramer, Levin, Lyon, Morello, Ng, Petroff, Possenti, Stappers, van Straten, Tiburzi OBSERVATIONS MADE WITH THE MOPRA RADIO TELESCOPE, OCTOBER 2014 TO SEPTEMBER 2015 OBSERVERS PROGRAM NO. Indermuehle, Edwards Maser and flux monitoring at 3 mm, 7 mm and M426 12 mm Barnes, Muller, Lowe, Cunningham, Indermuehle, Hernandez, The Three-mm Ultimate Mopra Milky Way Survey M566 Fuller, O'Dougherty, Nguyen Luong, Sharpe, Mizuno, Jones, (MALT110): Completion of phase II Schuller, Nakanishi, Umemoto, Chibueze, Wakker, Crutcher, Whitney, Brogan, Molinari, Benjamin, Goodman, Bosi, Lo, Longmore Indermuehle, McIntosh Monitoring SiO maser emissions in high time M668 resolution Maxted, Renaud, Rowell, Puehlhofer, Chaves, Collaboration A CO survey of the newly-discovered supernova M677 remnant G323.7–1.0 Fuller, Traficante, Lackington, Peretto The structure and kinematics of a 90-pc-long M679 massive filament Contreras, Rebolledo, Breen, Green, Burton, Rathborne, Purcell Physical and chemical evolution of high-mass star- M680 forming clumps in the Carina Nebula Itam-Pasquet, Maxted, Lowe, Jasniewicz, Puy A 3-mm survey of the region in front of the globular M681 cluster NGC 4833 Andre, Shimajiri, Konyves, Schneider, Bontemps, Braine, Peretto, Probing the detailed connection between dense gas M682 Roy, Arzoumanian, Ladjelate and star formation in the Ophiuchus main cloud VLBI OBSERVATIONS, OCTOBER 2014 TO SEPTEMBER 2015 OBSERVERS PROGRAM NO. Ryder, Tingay, Smith, Lenc, Kotak, Polshaw, Boettcher LBA imaging of Supernova 1978K in NGC 1313 V157 Ojha, Kadler, Edwards, Carpenter, Team Physics of gamma-ray-emitting AGN V252 Ellingsen, Reid, Krishnan, Zhang, Green, Honma, Dawson, Zheng, Astrometric observation of methanol masers: V255 Menten, Fujisawa, Phillips, Goedhart, Xu, Breen, Voronkov, Determining Galactic structure and investigating Dodson, Shen, Walsh, Brunthaler, Chen, Rioja, Sakai, Sanna high-mass star formation Bhat, Bailes, Deller, Tingay, Verbiest Measuring the proper motion of the relativistic V256 binary PSR J1141–6545 Petrov, Phillips, Bertarini, Fomalont, Tzioumis, Murphy, Sadler, LBA Calibrator Survey – 8 V271 Burke-Spolaor, Booth, Pogrebenko, De witt, Bietenholz 59 OBSERVERS PROGRAM NO. Miller-Jones, Jonker, Maccarone, Nelemans, Sivakoff, Tzioumis Constraining black-hole formation with LBA V447 astrometry Horiuchi, Phillips, Stevens, Jacobs, Sotuela, Garcia Miro 32-GHz Celestial Reference Frame Survey for V463 declinations below –45 degrees Dodson, Rioja, Hobbs, Tzioumis, Reynolds, Godfrey Multiview Pathfinder: The LBA demonstration V464 Miller-Jones, Moldon, Deller, Shannon, Dubus, Johnston, Paredes, Mapping the orbit of PSR B1259–63 with LBA V486 Ribo, Tomsick, Dodson astrometry Ellingsen, Macquart, Bignall, Dawson, Breen, Reynolds, Imai, Measuring the proper motions of the Large and V490 Keller, Bekki, Krishnan, Cioni Small Magellanic Clouds Sugiyama, Inayoshi, Tanaka, Hosokawa, Motogi, Fujisawa, Astrometry of the 6.7-GHz methanol masers showing V499 Yonekura, Momose, Ellingsen, Green periodic flux variation around the high-mass YSO Deller, Johnston, Burke-Spolaor, Romani, Kerr LBA parallaxes to probe gamma-ray pulsar physic V507 Reynolds, Kovalev, Kardashev, Bignall, Sokolovsky, Bietenholz, RadioAstron–LBA Space VLBI survey of AGN at the V511 Gurvits, Garrett, Deller, Cimo, Macquart, Jauncey, Edwards, Tingay, highest angular resolution Horiuchi, Tzioumis, Shabala, Lovell, McCallum, Koay Bannister, Walker, Johnston, Stevens, Bignall, Reynolds, Tuntsov VLBI follow-up of ATCA Extreme Scattering Events V516 de Witt, Bertarini, Charlot, Bourda, Quick Southern-hemisphere observations towards the V518 accurate alignment of the VLBI frame and the future Gaia frame Maini, Norris, Parker, Prandoni, Giovannini Assessing the origin of the radio emission in radio- V519 quiet AGN de Witt, Bertarini, Jacobs, Quick, Horiuchi, McCallum, Jung, Completing the K-band CRF in the southern V521 Phillips hemisphere – 2 Burns, Imai, Dodson, Ellingsen, Honma, Orosz, Handa, Omodaka, 6.7-GHz maser parallax of a particularly interesting V527 Sugiyama, Sakai high-mass star-forming region Zaw, Greenhill, Dopita, Burtscher, Lopez-Gonzaga Geometry of an AGN on parsec scales: NGC 5506 V533 CSDCC OBSERVATIONS, OCTOBER 2014 TO SEPTEMBER 2015 OBSERVERS PROGRAM NO. Heise, Green, Horiuchi, Engels A search for water masers in silicate-carbon star T208 candidates Castangia, Tarchi, Caccianiga, Severgnini, Della Ceca, Horiuchi Water maser in Compton-thick AGN T212 Orosz, Gomez, Imai, Horiuchi Monitoring of H2O masers in all known water T215 fountains Camarata, Miller-Jones, Jackson The connection between anomalous NH3 spectra P870 and high-mass star formation Cordiner, Smith, Charnley, Milam, Gilles, Wirstrom Quantifying nitrogen isotope enrichment around P881 the young protostar Chamaeleon MMS1 Note: Two proposals were originally submitted for 22 GHz observations with Parkes but transferred to Tidbinbilla. 60 CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility | Annual Report 2015 E: PhD students PHD STUDENTS CO-SUPERVISED BY CASS STAFF (AS OF DECEMBER 2015) NAME UNIVERSITY PROJECT TITLE Shaila Akhter University of New South Turbulence in the interstellar medium and its relationship to massive star Wales formation Tui Britton Macquarie University Methanol masers in star-forming regions Joseph Callingham University of Sydney An MWA source catalogue: CSS and GPS sources at low radio frequencies Francesco Cavallaro University of Catania Stellar radio emission in the SKA era: surveys of the Galactic plane Jordan Collier Western Sydney University The history of supermassive black holes in the Universe Phoebe de Wilt Adelaide University Investigating the connection between star forming regions and unidentified TeV gamma-ray sources Timothy Galvin Western Sydney University Radio emission from star-forming galaxies at high and low redshift Marcin Glowacki University of Sydney Study of H I absorption against distant radio sources through ASKAP Claire-Elise Green University of New South Milky Way dynamics and structure Wales Sarah Hegarty Swinburne University of Accelerating and enhancing knowledge discovery for the Technology ‘petascale astronomy’ era Andreas Herzog Ruhr University Bochum/ The broadband spectra of infared-faint radio sources Macquarie University Dane Kleiner Monash University The large-scale structure’s effect on the H I content of galaxies Vasaant Krishnan University of Tasmania Astrometric observation of methanol masers Katharina Lutz Swinburne University of How do galaxies accrete gas and form stars? Technology Alessandro Maini University of Bologna/ Modelling the faint radio sky: the pathway to SKA Macquarie University Aina Musaeva University of Sydney Intermediate-mass black holes in dwarf galaxies Andrew O’Brien Western Sydney University ATCA–SPT: A survey of 100 square degrees of the southern sky Daniel Reardon Monash University Bayesian analysis of pulsar timing array data to study noise properties of pulsars Glen Rees Macquarie University Cosmology using next-generation radio telescopes Sarah Reeves University of Sydney H I and OH absorption line studies of nearby galaxies Elise Servajean Universidad de Chile The physical and kinematical structure of massive and dense cold cores Jesse Swan University of Tasmania The evolution of star formation and black-hole activity across cosmic time Anita Titmarsh University of Tasmania Investigating the earliest stages of massive star formation Ross Turner University of Tasmania Dynamical and cosmological evolution of radio AGN and AGN feedback Stuart Weston Auckland University of Data mining for statistical analysis of the faint radio sky: the pathway to EMU Technology Marion Wienen University of Bonn Galactic high-mass star formation at submillimetre wavelengths Graeme Wong Western Sydney University Physics and chemistry of molecular gas in the Milky Way galaxy Mustafa Yildiz University of Groningen Star formation in the outer regions of early-type galaxies Tye Young Australian National University Multi-wavelength properties of dwarf galaxies in the Local Volume 61 F: PhD theses THESES AWARDED IN 2015 TO STUDENTS CO-SUPERVISED BY CASS STAFF Brook, Paul (University of Oxford, September 2015). “Variability in pulsars”. Brown, Courtney (née Jones) (University of Tasmania, July 2015). “H I absorption in the fourth Galactic quadrant”. Dai, Shi (Peking University, January 2015). “High precision pulsar timing”. Fujii, Kosuke (The University of Tokyo, December 2015). “Giant molecular cloud formation at the interface of colliding supershells in the Large Magellanic Cloud”. Jordan, Christopher (University of Tasmania, September 2015). “CS(1–0) observations with MALT-45: a 7-mm survey of the southern galaxy”. Petroff, Emily (Swinburne University of Technology, September 2015). “Study of the interstellar medium through radio phenomena of short duration”. Ravi, Vikram (University of Melbourne, February 2015). “Evincing the histories of the cosmic supermassive black hole and galaxy populations with gravitational waves”. Zhu, Xingjiang (The University of Western Australia, July 2015). “Searching for continuous gravitational waves in the Parkes pulsar timing array data sets”. 62 CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility | Annual Report 2015 G: Publications *Indicates publications with CASS staff (not including CASS staff based at CDSCC). 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(C) 75 H: Abbreviations AGN Active Galactic Nuclei ALMA Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array ASKAP Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder ATCA Australia Telescope Compact Array ATLAS Australia Telescope Large Area Survey ATNF Australia Telescope National Facility BETA Boolardy Engineering Test Array CASS CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science CDSCC Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex CSIRO Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation EMU Evolutionary Map of the Universe GRB Gamma-Ray Burst H I Neutral Hydrogen HIPASS H I Parkes All Sky Survey IAU International Astronomical Union ICRAR International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ISM Interstellar Medium LBA Long Baseline Array, used for Australian VLBI observations LMC Large Magellanic Cloud LOFAR Low Frequency Array MALT Millimetre Astronomers Large-area multi-Transition MNRAS Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society MRO Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory MWA Murchison Widefield Array MYSO Massive Young Stellar Object NAPA Non A-Priori Assignable NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration PTF Parkes Testbed Facility RFI Radio Frequency Interference SCORPIO Spectral Camera with Optical Reducer for Photometrical and Interferometrical Observations SKA Square Kilometre Array SNe Supernovae SNR Supernova Remnant SPT South Pole Telescope VLBI Very Long Baseline Interferometry 76 CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility | Annual Report 2015 77 CSIRO AUSTRALIA TELESCOPE NATIONAL FACILITY OPERATED BY CSIRO ASTRONOMY AND SPACE SCIENCE HEADQUARTERS PAUL WILD OBSERVATORY PO BOX 76 1828 Yarrie Lake Road Epping NSW 1710 Narrabri NSW 2390 Australia Australia t +61 2 9372 4100 t +61 2 6790 4000 f +61 2 9372 4310 f +61 2 6790 4090 PERTH OFFICE AUSTRALIAN RESOURCES MURCHISON RADIO-ASTRONOMY RESEARCH CENTRE (ARRC) OBSERVATORY SUPPORT FACILITY 26 Dick Perry Ave PO Box 2102 Kensington WA 6151 Geraldton WA 6531 Australia Australia t +61 8 6436 8732 t +61 8 9923 7700 f +61 8 6436 8555 PARKES OBSERVATORY PO Box 276 Parkes NSW 2870 Australia t +61 2 6861 1700 f +61 2 6861 1730 w www.atnf.csiro.au B&M | 16-00447