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UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Lê Thị Huệ: Writing between Exilic Homelessness and Situated Nomadism Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6m18261n Author NGUYEN, KHUYEN VU Publication Date 2012 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Lê Thị Huệ: Writing between Exilic Homelessness and Situated Nomadism By Khuyen Vu Nguyen A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Ethnic Studies in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Sau-ling Cynthia Wong, Chair Professor Evelyn Nakano Glenn Professor Hertha D. Sweet Wong Fall 2012 ABSTRACT Lê Thị Huệ: Writing between Exilic Homelessness and Situated Nomadism By Khuyen Vu Nguyen Doctor of Philosophy in Ethnic Studies University of California, Berkeley Professor Sau-ling Cynthia Wong, Chair Over the past three decades, more than 300 Vietnamese American authors have produced at least 550 novels, 200 collections of short stories and poetry in addition to over 100 volumes of informal reflective and formal commentary essays in their native language. Nonetheless, a majority of this literature remains in utter obscurity, both within and beyond the borders of Vietnamese America. My dissertation focuses on the body of work of the feminist writer Lê Thị Huệ whose expansive breadth and constantly evolving aesthetics render her an appropriate representative and a singular phenomenon among her contemporaries in the Vietnamese diaspora. I propose the double concept exilic homelessness and situated nomadism as the theoretical framework to read Lê’s body of work and as a means through which to understand Lê’s ethics and aesthetics. I demonstrate that, if multiple historical displacements underlie Lê’s experience as a refugee, woman, and writer, exilic homelessness and situated nomadism reveal the vicissitudes of Lê’s subjectivity as an exile, feminist, and Asian American cyborg and cultural producer. Combining the ethico-critical force of poststructuralist theories (including nomadology, cyborg theory, and ecriture feminine) and politico-aesthetic strength of critical theories (including women-of-color feminism and critical denationalization), I demonstrate how Lê’s work offers a meaningful opportunity to re-imagine Asian American subjectivity and politics of resistance in the contemporary diasporic moment. Ultimately I reveal how reading Lê’s work requires a critical paradigm that incorporates both indigenizing and diasporic modes of Asian American subjectivity and that, not only is such paradigm theoretically and politically productive, it is also desirable. 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments ……………………………………………………………………………….ii List of Works Discussed ………………………………………………………………………..iv All Works by Lê Thị Huệ……………………………………………………………………….vi Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………1 Writing between Exilic Homelessness and Situated Nomadism: Asian American Ethics and Aesthetics in the Age of Diaspora Chapter 1..……………………………………………………………………………………....19 Exilic Sexts: Writing Identity in the Vietnamese Diaspora Chapter 2………………………………………………………………………..………………52 Amnesia, Interrupted: Locating South Vietnam in the American Vietnam War Memoryscape Chapter 3………………………………………………………………………………………..79 Un-Deifying Motherhood: Towards a Vietnamese American Feminist Maternal Subjectivity Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………..105 Becoming Situated: Gió-O as Nomad-Cyborgian Project Bibliography …………………………………………………………………………………..119 i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to thank Professor Sau-ling C. Wong, my chair and mentor, whose scholarship and grace have inspired and nourished me throughout; my committee, Professors Hertha Sweet Wong and Evelyn Nakano Glenn, whose kindness and support have made all the difference; and Anna P. Leong, whose friendship matters. Tri ân Bố Mẹ đã yêu thương con. Đăc biệt cám ơn Người Đàn Bà Viết Ngoài Quê Hương. ii To NAT, for believing iii LIST OF WORKS DISCUSSED Novels (Tiểu thuyết) Tiếng Dỗi Hờn Của Thân Xác (The Sulking Body). Gardena: Văn Mới, 2007. Rồng Rắn (Dragons and Snakes). San Jose: Lũy Tre Xanh, 1989. Kỷ Niệm Với Mỵ Ánh (Memories of Mỵ Ánh). San Jose: Lũy Tre Xanh, 1987. Collection of Short Stories (Tập Truyện Ngắn) Bụi Hồng (Dust of the World). San Jose: Lũy Tre Xanh, 1984. Collections of Reflective Essays (Tuyển Tập Tùy Bút) Khởi Đi Từ Ngây Thơ Để Đến Gần Sự Thật (Journey from Innocence to Near Truth). San Jose: Lũy Tre Xanh, 1995. Short Stories (Truyện ngắn) "A Folk Song for A." (Lý Bỏ C..). In Chọn Lựa Cùng Nguyên Mẫu (Choosing with the Proto- Mother). Gardena: Văn Mới, 1998. "Tình Chữ" (Sextual Love). Gio-O.com (2003). http://www.gio-o.com/LeThiHueTinhChu.html. Accessed January 1, 2011. Reflective Essays (Tùy Bút) "Gió O. 10 Năm. Ghi Rời" (Gió O. 10 Years. Random Notes). Gio.O.com. 2011. http://www.gio-o.com/LeThiHueGioOMuoNamGhiRoi.htm. Accessed January 5, 2011. "Khi Ngắm Nhìn Rêu Xanh Nhơn Nhớt @ Cửa Khổng" (As I Stand Looking at Slippery Moss @ the Confucian Entrance). Gió-O (2006). http://www.gio- o.com/LeThiHueCuaKhong.htm. (Accessed August 15, 2009). "Là Chữ của Tôi" (My own Words). Gió-O (2012). http://www.gio- o.com/Tet/Tet2012LeThiHueChuCuaToi.htm.( Accessed March 1, 2012). “Trong Khi Sáng Tạo Những Nhân Mạng” (While Creating Humans). In Khởi Đi Từ Ngây Thơ Để Đến Gần Sự Thật, 9-46. California: Lũy Tre Xanh, 1995. “Khởi Đi Từ Ngây Thơ Để Đến Gần Sự Thật” (Journey from Innocence to Near Truth). In Khởi Đi Từ Ngây Thơ Để Đến Gần Sự Thật, 107-127. California: Lũy Tre Xanh, 1995. “Phìn... Phập... Phìn...Phập... Phìn.” Gió-O (May 2005). http://www.gio- o.com/LeThiHuePhinPhap.htm. (Accessed August 15, 2009). “Sống Lửng Chết Lửng” (Live in Between, Die in Betwixt). Gió-O (2007). http://www.gio- o.com/LeThiHueThuChuButThangGieng2007.html. (Accessed August 15, 2009). “Về Diệu Tưởng @ Lượng Chữ” (About Fanciful Imaginings @ Words). Gió-O (2001). http://www.gio-o.com/LeThiHueDieuTuong.html. (Accessed August 15, 2009). Poetry (Thơ) “Cuồng Lưu Chữ” (In the Fierce River of Words). Gio-O.com. http://www.gio- o.com/cuongluu22.html. Accessed October 21, 2010. iv “Dừng Lại Dưới Vòm Cây Đậu Phụ Nhớ Những Người Đã Khuất" (In Teramachi Remembering Those Who Have Died). Gió-O.com, 2006. http://www.gio- o.com/LeThiHueTeramachi.html. Accessed January 12, 2009 “Đam Mê Con” (Mad about Children). Gió-O (2003). http://www.gio- o.com/LeThiHueDamMeCon.html. (Accessed August 15, 2009). “Đêm Mưa Làm Thơ Tặng Con Trai Nhỏ” (A Poem for My Son on a Rainy Night). Gio-O.com, 1990. http://www.gio-o.com/DMLTho22.html. Accessed March 21, 2010. “Đụt Trí Thức” (Intellectual Cowardice). Gio-O.com. 2004. http://www.gio- o.com/LeThiHueKhuyenBerkeley.htm. Accessed November 27, 2010. “Khafi (Ngoại Đạo)” (Khafi (Outsiders)). Gio-O.com. March 2004. http://www.gio- o.com/LeThiHueKhafi.html . Accessed November 27, 2010. “Lô Cốt” (Blockhouses). Gió-O.com. http://www.gio-o.com/locot22.html. Accessed January 9, 2009. “Người Đàn Bà Viết Ngoài Quê Hương” (A Woman Writing Outside Her Homeland). In Lê Thị Huệ, Trân Sa and Vũ Quỳnh Hương, Canh Thức Cùng Thơ Mộng (A Vigil with Poetics). San Jose: Lũy Tre Xanh, 1996. “Người Đàn Ông Cũ và Bài Hát Cũ” (Old Lover, Old Song). Gio-O.com. 5 July 2007. http://www.gio-o.com/LeThiHueArgentina.html. Accessed November 27, 2010. “Tương Tư Đất” (Earthsick). Gio-O.com. 1998. http://www.gio-o.com/ttdat.html. Accessed November 27, 2010. “Xẩm Trai” (Handsome Man). Gio-O.com, 2006. http://www.gio- o.com/LeThiHueThuChuButThangGieng2007.html. Accessed October 21, 2010. Interviews (Phỏng Vấn) “Phỏng Vấn Lê Thị Huệ” (An Interview with Lê Thị Huệ) in Chọn Lựa Cùng Nguyên Mẫu (Choosing with the Proto-Mother). [Interviewer not Identified]. Gardena: Văn Mới, 1998. “Văn Hoá Rồng Rắn Trong Thời Điểm Đối Mặt: Phỏng Vấn Lê Thị Huệ” (The Culture of Dragons and Snakes in the Age of Contact: An Interview with Lê Thị Huệ). By Trần Vũ. Hợp Lưu Literary Journal. Volume XX (2004). Reprinted on Gio-O: http://www.gio- o.com/Tet2005LeThiHue.html. "Mười Năm 2001–2011: Phỏng Vấn Chủ Biên Lê Thị Huệ" (Ten Years, 2001-2011: Interviewing Lê Thị Huệ) by Đoàn Nhã Văn. Gio-O.com, 2011. http://www.gio- o.com/GioO10DoanNhaVanPVLeThiHue1.htm. Accessed March, 12 2012. v ALL WORKS BY LÊ THỊ HUỆ Novels (Tiểu thuyết) Tiếng Dỗi Hờn Của Thân Xác (The Sulking Body). Gardena: Văn Mới, 2007. Rồng Rắn (Dragons and Snakes). San Jose: Lũy Tre Xanh, 1989. Kỷ Niệm Với Mỵ Ánh (Memories of Mỵ Ánh). San Jose: Lũy Tre Xanh, 1987. Collections of Reflective Essays (Tuyển Tập Tùy Bút) Khởi Đi Từ Ngây Thơ Để Đến Gần Sự Thật (Journey from Innocence to Near Truth). San Jose: Lũy Tre Xanh, 1995. Văn Hóa Trì Trệ, Nhìn Từ Hà Nội Đầu Thế Kỷ 21 (A Culture in Deterioration: A View from 21st Century Ha Nội). Gardena: Văn Mới, 2001. Collection of Short Stories (Tập Truyện Ngắn) Bụi Hồng (Dust of the World). San Jose: Lũy Tre Xanh, 1984. Collection of Poetry (Tập Thơ) Canh Thức Cùng Thơ Mộng (A Vigil with Poetics). With Trân Sa and Vũ Quỳnh Hương. San Jose: Lũy Tre Xanh, 1996. Short Stories (Truyện Ngắn) “Lý Bỏ C..” (A Folk Song about C.) In Chọn Lựa Cùng Nguyên Mẫu (Choosing with the Proto- Mother), 79-116. Gardena: Văn Mới, 1998. "Ba Người Đàn Ông KV" (Three W.L. Men). Gio-O.com (2001). http://www.gio- o.com/LeThiHueBaNguoiDanOngkV.html. Accessed January 1, 2011. “Cánh Hoa Trước Gió” (A Petal in the Wind). Tạp Chí Văn Học Nghệ Thuật. Westminster (1979) "Cuộc Nghỉ Hè Của Một Thiếu Nữ" (A Young Woman's Summer Vacation). In Đất Mới (New Land), 1981. Reprinted on Gio-O.com, 2006. http://www.gio- o.com/LeThiHueCuocNghiHeCMTN.htm. Accessed January 1, 2011. "Đỏ Xao Xuyến" (Lingering Red). Văn (1995). Reprinted on Gio-O.com, 2002. http://www.gio- o.com/DoXaoXuyen.html.
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