April 2009 Is this eco-house our best hope?

THE INTERVIEW FROM ENGINEER TO FACILITIES MANAGER LIGHTING UP NEW HANDBOOK FOR PROFESSIONALS FAÇADES GERMAN LESSONS ON INTEGRATION

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CIBSEapr09cover.indd 1 2/4/09 16:30:12 With more than 1,500 schools, colleges and universities already benefiting from Monodraught Windcatcher, SunPipe, SunCatcher and Sola-boost systems no company is better placed to advise on the health, welfare and saving benefits of natural ventilation and natural daylight. So whether you are an education professional, architect, consultant or contractor, this experience and our knowledge of current legislation and the latest guidelines makes Monodraught the perfect partner when you are building schools for the future. Call or email us for a copy of our new schools brochure.

2 CIBSE Journal April 2009 www.cibsejournal.com

p02_CIBSEMagApr09.indd 2 30/3/09 08:55:36 Contents April 2009 22 38

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News Features 50 Lighting: Handbook A Society of Light and Lighting first – 6 News 22 The Interview a new handbook for generalists and Round-up of the latest news from Ewen Rose reveals how Eddie Myles specialists. across the sector. went from a hardman contractor to an accommodating facilities manager. 12 CIBSE News Classified Read the latest member news from 28 People: Terry Wyatt CIBSE. Industry leader Terry Wyatt tells 52 Products Carina Bailey why buildings are failing Products and services in the industry. to be energy efficient and what needs Opinion 54 Directory to be done to reverse the trend. 14 Letters A guide to suppliers across the Topical opinions and views from 32 COVER STORY building services sector. industry professionals. Buildings: Case study An award-winning refurbishment People & Jobs 16 Facilitating change project shows how Victorian housing 55 CPD Programme Geoff Prudence argues why can be made greener. operational and facilities Continue your personal development. management is so important to the 38 Buildings: Façades building services sector. Why Britain has to follow the German 60 Movers & Shakers lead when it comes to facade design. How to secure a job in difficult times 18 The post-build era and who’s changing roles. Geoff Russell-Smith looks at why 42 Sustainability: Case study accessing post-build monitoring data Paul Haddlesey learns about 61 Appointments is crucial to the future of building renewable energy in action at the new Find your perfect job in the building services. Margam Discovery Environmental services sector. Centre in South Wales. 20 Legal 66 Looking ahead The application of local exhaust 44 Water heating: Renewables Important dates and training events ventilation systems is coming under Ian Vallely investigates why renewable for your diary, including the Building the health and safety spotlight, water-heating technologies leave Controls Industry Association’s explains Hywel Davies. some engineers in hot water. (BCIA) one day conference.

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CIBSEapr09 pp03 contents.indd 3 2/4/09 14:52:04 New Wolf joins our exclusive pack

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p04_CIBSEMagApr09.indd 4 30/3/09 09:01:37 Editorial

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Editorial Editor: Bob Cervi Tel: 01223 273520 Email: [email protected] Reporter: Carina Bailey Tel: 01223 273521 Email: [email protected] Senior Designer: David Houghton From the

Advertisement Sales Head of Business Development: Aaron Nicholls Tel: 020 7880 8547 Email: [email protected] editor Display Sales Manager: Steve Soffe Tel: 020 7324 2785 Email: [email protected] Display Sales Consultant: Jim Folley Is it time to call Kevin? Tel: 020 7324 2786 Email: [email protected] Recruitment/Classified Sales:Ali Scott ne of the more off-the-wall but stick – to cajole them into making their older Tel: 020 7324 2787 Email: [email protected] canny comments I’ve heard properties much more energy efficient. Advertising Production: Jane Easterman recently is the suggestion Many might argue that a deep economic Tel: 020 7880 6248 Email: [email protected] that Kevin McCloud of Grand recession is not the right time to be pushing DesignsO TV fame would make an ideal public for subsidies for home conversions. But, with For CIBSE Publishing Co-ordinator: Nicola Golledge spokesperson for the building services a British Prime Minister keen to spend his way Tel: 020 8772 3697 Email: [email protected] engineering (BSE) profession. Why? Because out of the economic doldrums, what better a) he’s so well known, and b) he can talk investment than creating a nation of energy Editorial Panel convincingly about sustainability (as he did efficient housing? This surely should be the Laurence Aston, Director of , Morgan Professional Services recently at the ‘Ecobuild’ conference in London priority, rather than offering to pour funds David Clark, Partner, – see page 11). into the so-called green Max Fordham Consulting Engineers Patrick Conaghan, Partner, Hoare Lea There’s no escaping technologies for cars and Consulting Engineers the urgent need for the The industry other consumable goods. Kate Fletcher, Associate, Arup BSE sector to raise its What our case study also David Hughes, Building Services Consultant, needs to MTT Consulting profile. For one thing, get both its houses in exemplifies, however, are the Philip King, Director, Hilson Moran if it can’t do so now major obstacles that people Chani Leahong, Senior Associate, Fulcrum Consulting when global warming order if it is to make a may face in seeking to create Stephen Lisk, President Elect, is the hottest topic a more eco-friendly home The Society of Light and Lighting difference on around, then it will – whether it be planning Professor John Swaffield, CIBSE President sustainability Ged Tyrrell, Managing Director, never manage it. But, red tape or simply that Tyrrell Systems more important than contractors who can carry Ant Wilson, Director, Faber Maunsell | AECOM self-promotion (however justifiable) is the major out the work aren’t willing or able to do so. Morwenna Wilson, Graduate Engineer, Arup role that the industry has in convincing the public But, as our interview with Terry Wyatt Terry Wyatt, Consultant to Hoare Lea Consulting Engineers via the media that one of the best ways to help underlines (page 28), the BS industry needs to get save the planet is to make ordinary ageing homes both its houses in order: as well as helping to win CIBSE Journal is written and produced by Cambridge much more efficient. hearts and minds when it comes to refurbishing Publishers Ltd. Tel: 01223 477411. www.cpl.biz 275 Newmarket Road, Cambridge CB5 8JE. UK The cover feature in this issue offers a strong established housing stock, it also needs to come The opinions expressed in editorial material do not necessarily represent the views of the Chartered example of how this much-needed drive towards clean about the poor performance of new builds. Institution of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE). Unless specifically stated, goods or services mentioned more eco-friendly homes can be achieved (page All of which is a very tall order for a profession in editorial or advertisements are not formally endorsed by CIBSE, which does not guarantee or endorse or accept 32). If the UK government is serious about its that traditionally has a low profile. But perhaps any liability for any goods and/or services featured in this publication. CIBSE, 222 Balham High Road, London SW12 9BS professed aim of achieving near-zero carbon the likes of Kevin McCloud can help, in terms of Tel: 020 8675 5211. www.cibse.org housing, then it must recognise that potential getting across to policymakers and public what ©CIBSE Services Ltd. ISSN 1759-846X

Subscription Enquiries savings on carbon emissions from homes will the real issues are around sustainable building. If you are not a CIBSE member but would like to receive CIBSE Journal, subscribe now! Costs are £80 (UK) and come largely from established housing stock. Does anyone have his number? £100 (international). For subscription enquiries, and any change of address information, please contact: So it’s no good simply tightening the Nicola Golledge at [email protected] or telephone 020 8772 3697. regulations on new builds. Homeowners need Bob Cervi, Editor Individual copies are also available at a cost of £7 per copy plus postage. incentives and assistance – as well as a regulatory [email protected]

www.cibsejournal.com April 2009 CIBSE Journal 5

CIBSEapr09 pp05 editorial.indd 5 3/4/09 11:45:39 News

Environmental guidance report Sector must aim for best published possible sustainability Guidance has been published to help professionals in the construction and property industry reduce their environmental impact. standards, warns expert The UK Green Building Council’s (UK-GBC) report, Biodiversity and Building services engineers do think that we’ve got to recognise the Built Environment, contains n need to aim for the best the wake-up call and start making guidance and recommendations possible environmental standards sure that everybody is aligned to about how the built environment to help the world meet increasingly make change happen.” can be beneficial to habitats and tough targets on cutting green- Targets are essential in making wildlife. house gases, a renowned academic significant progress, she added. It also details recommendations has told the Journal. “We very much set the targets to improve the main sustainability Professor Julia King, vice- within the context of ‘this can be tools, including BREEAM, Code for chancellor of Aston University done’. There’s a lot of analysis to Sustainable Homes and CEEQUAL, and a member of the Committee demonstrate that it can be done, to better incorporate assessment on Climate Change, whose and that it can be done affordably or of biodiversity, as well as containing recommendations have been at a relatively small cost in terms of recommendations for the industry, adopted by the UK government, the impact on GDP.” and local and central government said current targets for cutting But the targets could become to help improve the consistency gases may need to be raised if new tougher still, should scientific of biodiversity measurement and scientific evidence emerged. evidence worsen [the prospects for reporting, in order to set meaningful “My personal view is that the Julia King: challenges will get tougher climate change] significantly, she targets. challenges [of climate change] will said. UK-GBC’s Biodiversity Task get tougher as time passes, so we carbon emissions targets in order to “Emissions in the last five Group has also launched an online should aim for the best now – for leave behind a habitable world in years have grown faster than ‘biodiversity portal’, through example, BREEAM Excellent ratings 50 to 100 years’ time, she added. earlier predictions suggested that www.ukgbc.org, which will be for buildings – rather than accepting The UK’s Chief Scientist John they would. I think changes have updated regularly. lesser environmental standards,” Beddington recently predicted that been happening faster than the said King, who will be a keynote by 2030 there will be major food, predictions were suggesting they speaker at this month’s CIBSE water and fuel shortages, creating would. So, clearly, we need to get College building national conference, where she will political instability, migration and a move on in terms of reducing projects suspended discuss the committee’s published other complex political problems emissions,” she said. findings. ultimately caused by climate For details on the CIBSE conference Planned building projects in The building services industry change. and to book a place, go to colleges across England have been faces a moral pressure to meet In this context, King said: “I really www.cibse.org/nationalconference suspended by the government because of a lack of funding. Around 79 colleges had been Technician award for given the first stage of approval CIBSE member in principle by the Learning and Skills Council (LSC), which Student member Mark Long oversees funding for the building was presented with the CIBSE- programme. But the government sponsored Technician Engineer of halted the programme, admitting the Year award at the SummitSkills that it could not afford the £2.7bn National Training Awards 2009. needed for the projects to proceed. In all, there were 11 categories in The sum is in addition to £3bn this year’s awards, held to celebrate earmarked for 65 colleges that have the best of apprentices and already submitted proposals. engineers across the UK. A record The LSC said that it would be number of entries was received, able to give the go-ahead to eight according to organisers. schemes that were deferred from December 2008. First BREEAM Outstanding rating The government said current The 35,500 sq m G.Park Blue Planet logistics centre in Chatterley Valley, spending, totalling £2.3bn for Staffordshire, UK, is the first building to achieve Outstanding BREEAM funding 250 projects across the status, according to awarding body BRE. It is projected to save occupiers country, would be honoured. up to £300,000 a year in running costs. The building has scored Ministers blamed the debacle on “exemplary” credits in four areas of BREEAM and achieved an exceptional LSC mismanagement. LSC chief standard of sustainability as a carbon-positive development. The new executive Mark Haysom resigned BREEAM “outstanding” rating was introduced in August 2008. A score of prior to a review by Sir Andrew 85 per cent must be obtained to achieve Outstanding, compared with Foster into the LSC’s handling of the 70 per cent for an Excellent rating. situation.

6 CIBSE Journal April 2009 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEapr09 pp06-07 news.indd 6 2/4/09 14:52:32 News

Professionals predict 50% fall in private new-build schemes

Building services numbers, and 64 per cent expect affected by the recession.” figures indicating that the UK n engineering (BSE) their workforce to expand further The research concentrated on construction industry has suffered consultants are predicting a sharp by 2015. how the recession may affect the more than 45,000 redundancies decline in projects in the next two While 20 per cent said they sector’s workload across five key in the three months to December years as a result of the recession, were introducing cost-cutting areas: private commercial; private 2008. according to a survey. measures, only nine per cent said industrial; private housing; social SummitSkills said it was already More than half of private- they currently planned to make housing; and major public works. working towards minimising the housing projects and more than staff redundant, and 29 per cent The survey found that 98 per impact of the recession on the 10 per cent of social-housing said the recession was having no cent of consultancies are involved sector’s workforce and skills levels schemes are expected to be effect on their business. in private commercial work, through the redeployment and postponed or cancelled. SummitSkills chief executive while 70 per cent are engaged training of redundant apprentices, The report was published as one Keith Marshall said: “Our in major public sector work – supporting employers to develop leading contractor in the industry, estimates are based on indicating a reliance on Public the skills of existing workers in new Haden Young, announced plans assumptions that can be Private Partnership and the Private building services market areas, to make redundancies – raising influenced by numerous variables, Finance Initiative, the report says. and supporting how education concerns about the impact of the but it’s inevitable that businesses The predictions are in line with and training is delivered. recession on the sector’s supply will be, and have already been, recent Office for National Statistics www.summitskills.org.uk chain. The survey was conducted by SummitSkills, the Sector Skills Haden Young redundancy plan a ‘tragedy’ Council for building services News that contractor Haden Young is “It’s enough to send us all into Haden as a significant name from engineering, which said that the planning to make redundancies in the deep depression to see our very the onset of the industry, which led, fall in projects could result in the UK has been described as a “tragedy”. best consulting and contracting with a few others, “to just about loss of up to 154,000 jobs among Haden’s parent company firms having to shed staff to stay in everything that we are today”. contractors. Balfour Beatty confirmed it was in business,” he said. “Redundancies In a statement, Balfour Beatty The 56 UK-based consultancy consultations on making possible in our industry are a tragedy beyond said: “We can confirm that Haden firms questioned in the survey redundancies, but was unable to most others, we have shortage Young has consulted a number said they expected the recession to say how many might be affected. enough of engineers to do the of employees regarding possible continue until the end of 2010. Terry Wyatt of consultancy Hoard massive tasks before us and really redundancies in the UK. Where However, the figures also show Lea said it was worrying that such a cannot afford losing any.” possible the company is seeking that, during the past five years, 66 significant company in the supply Wyatt described what was to find alternative positions.” per cent of engineering practices chain should have to make cuts. formerly known as G Nelson Terry Wyatt interview, page 28 have increased their consultant BREEAM standard for specialist buildings The BRE Trust has launched a new Paul Gibbon, director of standard for Datacentre schemes in sustainability at BRE Global, said: specialist buildings. “We have created the new scheme The BREEAM Datacentre using the BREEAM Bespoke scheme aims to reduce the cost of methodology as the development assessments and provides a ready- framework to take account of the made set of criteria against which rise in interest in applying BREEAM developers, designers and clients to more specialist buildings.” can assess their buildings. “We will be refining the It has been adopted by the Digital Datacentre scheme over the first 12 Realty Trust, which will be using the months of its operation following new BREEAM Datacentre scheme feedback from actual assessments New development for Titanic centenary for its buildings throughout the and, in time, these specialist The Titanic quarter in Belfast is to become home to the planned new world in order to achieve significant schemes will become part of the Titanic Signature Project, a visitor centre and exhibition space. Faber environmental and cost savings. standard suite for BREEAM.” Maunsell | AECOM has been appointed to provide mechanical and The trust has already piloted the BREEAM Bespoke was developed electrical design services for the £90m project, which will form the scheme on a building in the south in 2000 for buildings not covered by centrepiece of the Titanic Quarter, once home to Harland and Wolff east of England, which has now mainstream BREEAM assessment shipyard and its most famous product, RMS Titanic. The project will start successfully achieved the first schemes, such as offices, retail, later this year and be completed in 2012, in time for Titanic’s centenary. BREEAM Excellent rating for a healthcare and education buildings. building of its type. www.breeam.org

www.cibsejournal.com April 2009 CIBSE Journal 7

CIBSEapr09 pp06-07 news.indd 7 3/4/09 11:48:11 News

News in brief Government funding Architects hit by recession Architects in the UK are beginning to claim benefits at a faster rate for solar PV dries up than other related professions, according to figures from the monitoring spend, they should have Office for National Statistics. been doing a budget, they should

Benefit claims by architects rose Shutterstock have seen it was running out and by 760 per cent between February should have been going back to the 2008 and February 2009, the sponsoring department and saying biggest increase among recorded ‘this is where we’re getting to, can professions. we have a managed exit from the programme’. Just pulling the plug Journal website winner from the wall is not the way to do it.” The winner of the recent CIBSE He added: “It’s all about Journal online survey has been managing expectations and, announced. Alasdair Munro of unfortunately, the way this has been Hulley and Kirkwood Consulting done means the expectations are for Engineers has won £200 of snap decisions that leave people a vouchers of his choice after taking bit in the lurch. part in the survey. “It’s not helpful [to the industry] having another work stream drying Buro Happold contract up right now.” Buro Happold has been But architect Craig White said: appointed as the engineering “I actually think PV is not a starting consultant for the Barnsley point for a renewable strategy, it’s Building Schools for the Future the most expensive and the least (BSF) programme. The town’s 13 The big rise in interest in fitting photovoltaics has meant the funding has been used up efficient. We shouldn’t be robbing existing secondary schools will biomass to pay for PV.” be replaced with nine Advanced The UK government has money ran out to fund the scheme. PV worked best as part of a whole Learning Centres. n suspended all applications Originally, applications were being suite of renewables combined with for schools, hospitals and accepted until the end of June 2009. energy efficient measures, he said. Support for new role other public buildings for solar DECC said the reason for the The real question was whether CIBSE has voiced its strong photovoltaic (PV) grants, after decision was the significant interest grants should be used at all to fund support for the government’s money ran out four months ahead shown in PV grants. Originally the new green industry. He believed suggested new chief construction of schedule. money allocated to funding solar they shouldn’t as they are very officer role, which will include Phase two of the Low Carbon PV grants was £17.5m. This was expensive to administer. acting as a champion of Buildings Programme provides later increased by £7m, but all the A DECC spokeswoman said: “We the sector. CIBSE said the grants to public sector buildings money has now been committed. recognise the popularity of the Low appointment would “ensure and charities for the installation of Funding for other technologies is Carbon Buildings Programme has an overall strategic view of technologies. still available. led to an oversubscription in solar construction at the highest level”. But the Department of Energy Hywel Davies, technical director PV applications. We are discussing and Climate Change (DECC) has of CIBSE, criticised the decision. He with industry what options are open Philips buys lighting firm now put applications on hold after said: “Project managers should be to us to address this.” Electronics company Philips has acquired lighting controls firm Dynalite for an undisclosed sum. Philips said the deal would help Strong growth for solar thermal it respond to growing demand for energy-saving lighting Solar thermal markets around the collectors have proved to be the hot water and space heating are solutions. Dynalite, which has 130 world are showing healthy growth most popular choice globally popular systems in Germany, Austria employees, is based in Australia, rates, new research suggests. – apart from China and Korea, and other northern European UK, China and Dubai. Key factors driving global where vacuum tubes are the countries. However, this is not the growth include rising energy costs, preferred system. case in southern Europe, China, and Advice service planned changes in building regulations and In terms of material, almost all the US, where systems are only used A one-stop shop for advice government incentives. countries opt for either a u-shaped to supply sanitary hot water. on health and safety and The study by research body or type of vacuum tube Prices for solar thermal collectors employment legislation is BSRIA shows that the Chinese solar collector. Other types of collectors have risen in the past few years as to be piloted. The move was thermal market continues to boom, are popular only in Turkey, France a result of rising raw material costs. announced by the Department with some suppliers offering poor- and Switzerland. However, there is potential for for Business, Enterprise and quality products. Coxial vacuum tubes dominate prices to decrease as competition Regulatory Reform (BERR), In the US, tax credits for solar the French market, as they are increases in the market. On average which says the advice will help products helped to produce a 40 perceived to be more efficient. The the price of solar collectors in businesses comply with the law per cent surge in solar water heater market share was expected to reach the UK remains higher than in and save them time and money. sales, the report found. Among 55 per cent in 2008. continental Europe. www.berr.gov.uk solar thermal products, flat plate Combi-applications for sanitary www..co.uk

8 CIBSE Journal April 2009 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEapr09 pp08 news.indd 8 2/4/09 14:53:07 News

Building teams must work together to ensure sustainability, says study Building projects need an integrated teams to deliver more with common CDP seminars and n integrated project delivery sustainable projects. courses. team that is able to “design in” Funding of public sector projects SEA president Lord O’Neill, who sustainable solutions and “design should depend upon evidence that chaired the report’s working group, out” waste, says a new report. the procurer has put integrated said the study grew out of a sense A lack of purposeful vision on teams in place for delivering of frustration at the construction sustainability means that too many sustainability, it says. industry’s “patchy” response to the projects fail to be sustainable Generally, for all building need for sustainable building. enough, it suggests. schemes, its adds, consultants “The project teams themselves The traditional procurement should set stringent sustainability have the responsibility for practices used by the construction targets and work with the supply integration,” he said. “Designers industry act as a barrier to the chain to ensure they are achieved. and consultants have to be brought delivery of sustainable buildings, the Other recommendations include: into the process and recognise they new report claims. • The appointment by government have responsibility too.” The large number of interfaces of a high-profile champion of Peter Cunningham, chairman of between the parties involved in the Specialist Engineering Alliance integrated building teams; the Construction Clients Group and the construction process, together (SEA), promotes a vision for the • Integrated teams managing working group, said the report was with their lack of integration, acts achievement of sustainability across cost collaboratively to ensure also about delivering better value as a block to sustainable building the built environment that can also all members are incentivised by for the client via the procurement development, it says. add value to the client. efficiency gains; process. In addition, says the study, Its recommendations – produced • Teams collecting operating and But the client also needed to “high transaction costs and risk of by a group of representatives from maintenance cost data for evidence “engage” with specialist contractors duplication and re-work” also act as contracting, consultancy and to clients of cost and performance early on in the process as a way of hindrances to sustainability. manufacturing groups including outcomes; and changing behaviour and bringing The report, Sustainable Buildings CIBSE – call on the government • Consultants developing better links about an increased volume of Need Integrated Teams,published by to take a lead by commissioning with manufacturers and distributors, sustainable building.

www.cibsejournal.com April 2009 CIBSE Journal 9

CIBSEapr09 pp09 news.indd 9 2/4/09 14:53:29 News

News in brief Three schools open as Plan to boost sustainble housing in rural areas part of city’s BSF scheme The UK government has set out plans for providing more The first phase of a £320m affordable housing. It said it n investment in the Building wanted to help create strong Schools for the Future (BSF) and diverse rural communities programme in Sheffield, UK, has that are able to tackle their own been completed. BSF aims to unique challenges at a local level. transform education in the city by A consultation document is providing either new or radically due to be published soon on refurbished accommodation for combining existing planning every secondary school by 2014. guidance aimed at delivering Sheffield has 27 mainstream sustainable economic secondaries and three special development in urban and educational needs secondary rural areas and town centres. schools. The first stage of the As part of the plan, medium- programme was to design three sized rural towns will be helped large schools – Yewlands, Silverdale to develop sustainable new and Newfield and Talbot. All three Above: One of the first new BSF schools neighbourhoods, partly through are now open and occupied. Key to open in Sheffield on the Newfield site. a new £1m competition to features include: Left: the new hydrotherapy pool encourage best practice. • Mechanical and electrical heating and ventilation systems to maximise Faber Maunsell | AECOM’s Guide issued on meeting occupier comfort, good levels of project manager, Gary Chesher, carbon-cut target in 2010 daylight and intelligent lighting said: “We created ‘streets’ within A new guide has been published controls to maximise energy the structure for ease of internal aimed at helping businesses efficiency; circulation and flexible and and organisations cut their • Heating and lighting are occupant adaptable teaching areas that are carbon footprint. Published by controllable; security, Part L Modelling and flood future-proofed against changing the Department of Energy and • A BREEAM Very Good Rating. risk assessment. pedagogy and fluctuating pupil Climate Change , the handbook Consideration has been given Talbot is a Special Educational numbers.” sets out who will be covered to minimising water consumption Needs school and is co-located on Sheffield City Council was one by the Carbon Reduction and energy use and the ecology of the same site at Newfield. It was of the four Wave 1 Pathfinder Commitment, to be introduced the sites has been protected and specially designed for 120 students, Authorities identified by the UK in April 2010, and explains enhanced. and has a high staff-to-pupil ratio government under the £45bn BSF what action can be taken. A Faber Maunsell | AECOM was and small classes. programme. The Sheffield Local consultation on the regulations appointed to provide consultancy As well as general classrooms, the Education Partnership (LEP) is underpinning the initiative has services for all building services, facility includes a hydrotherapy pool, a partnership between Sheffield also been launched. civil and structural engineering, medical, dental and therapy rooms, City Council, Taylor Woodrow and www.defra.gov.uk/ acoustics, BREEAM, fire and risk and a series of hygiene rooms, some Partnerships for Schools (BSF carbonreduction engineering, ecology, advanced of which have shower beds. Investments).

Warning over aircon inspections regime Call to redefine renewables as ‘energy efficiency’ Building owners with air conditioning systems are The Royal Institute of British reclassified through building Alan Shingler, head of being urged to adhere to new Architects (RIBA) has called on regulations, so that they can be sustainability at Sheppard Robson, inspection legislation or face the UK government to reclassify considered measures of energy who led RIBA’s response, said: £300 fines. BESCA, the building district power and heating efficiency in buildings rather than “Whilst we welcome the overall services accreditation body, schemes in order to meet the energy generation. approach, we believe that the has warned that many owners target of achieving near-zero The institution believes that proposed legislative framework are unaware of the European carbon new buildings. reclassifying allowable renewables should not be allowed to confuse Union’s Energy Performance The call was made as part of as only ‘on-site’ would simplify the or dilute true zero carbon in Buildings Directive (EPBD) RIBA’s response to the Definition planning process. This, it believes, development, which takes a and legislation in the UK. This of Zero Carbon Homes and Non- could easily be overseen by a holistic approach to sustainability, requires all air-conditioning Domestic Buildings consultation, planning authority based on an including embodied energy, systems of more than 12kW to launched at the end of last year. objective assessment of available social and economic longevity, be inspected by 4 January, 2011, RIBA has also called for a national roof area, development density and and environment and carbon regardless of whether the system energy “trajectory” in order to orientation. reduction. It is imperative that is in a commercial or domestic achieve the government’s near- RIBA calls for the planning the definition and its implication property. The first deadline for zero carbon aim and decarbonise process be simplified to ensure become more transparent for systems over 250kW passed in the UK’s energy supply. that all developments are able to both prospective purchasers and January. RIBA proposes that biomass accommodate renewables when investors.” www.besca.org.uk and systems be they become viable. www.architecture.com

10 CIBSE Journal April 2009 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEapr09 pp10 news.indd 10 2/4/09 14:54:17 News

Engineers must adopt role of ‘second architects’ to cut energy Building services engineers is not only the person who can save Despina Katsikakis, group chairman n need to be the “second the planet, they are also the person of design consultancy DEGW. She architects” if they are to improve who can save us money.” said: “We do not need to be tearing the energy performance of Sean Lockie, head of down 1960s and 1970s buildings buildings, a recent conference was sustainability at cost-management but reinventing their interiors to told. In the past 50 years, building consultancy Faithful and Gould, support much greater sustainable designers have had it very easy, told the conference that there was environments.” with abundant and cheap energy, a wealth of knowledge currently Kevin McCloud, the television according to Cal Bailey, marketing available to improve buildings’ presenter of Grand Designs, said and sustainability director of sustainability, but it was nowhere that energy suppliers needed to building services group NG Bailey. near enough to address the targets become energy management Design, form and function have set by governments for cutting businesses, providing the least dominated the built environment, greenhouse gas emissions. amount of energy possible while but it is now our engineers who “We are often disappointed by buying up surplus energy generated have to take more of a lead, he said some decisions our clients make. off-grid. at Ecobuild 2009. They say, ‘just give me an answer Crispin Burridge, head of “Building services engineers based on the payback’,” Lockie sustainable construction at Marks are the second architects of our said. & Spencer, insisted whole-life buildings today and the people who Rather than demolishing costing remained “woefully will save us the most money in our buildings and starting again, true misunderstood”. He argued that, buildings,” Bailey said. energy efficiency lies in transforming if clients put sustainability as a “ If you want to minimise whole- the use of the two million requirement in their building life costs, you need to build it that commercial buildings already works contracts, “we can drive the way. The building services engineer Cal Bailey at Ecobuild: call for change standing in the UK, according to industry to deliver this”.

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www.cibsejournal.com April 2009 CIBSE Journal 11

CIBSEapr09 pp11 news.indd 11 2/4/09 14:55:03 CIBSE News news Tel: 020 8675 5211 Fax: 020 8675 5449 Email: [email protected] President: Professor John Swaffield FRSE, FCIBSE Chief executive and secretary: Stephen Matthews News in brief The future’s female YEN Champions Award As an institution at the The first CIBSE awards n forefront of building recognising the work done by services, I am acutely aware of our companies in championing responsibility to actively support young engineers are launched initiatives which develop the this year. There will be two industry. trophies presented, allowing To this end, CIBSE has just both large and small companies signed the UK Resource Centre for to compete. The awards are Women in Science, Engineering sponsored by Baxi Commercial and Technology (UKRC) Charter, Division. Entries no later than to pledge commitment to gender 15 May 2009. www.cibse.org/yen equality. By signing up to the charter, we pledge to help raise Intelligent Buildings Group awareness of the need to address The CIBSE IB Group is holding gender equality and to increase the Natalie Bell: the future face of building services engineering? a seminar on ‘Sustainability participation and progression of Challenges for Intelligent women in the profession. Journal can help raise awareness of that organisations that proactively Buildings’ on 12 May 2009, at Indeed, of the 19,700 CIBSE women in our industry. seek to recruit and retain women the Royal Society, London. The members only 1,012 are women. However, more needs to are more resilient to change and seminar will be followed by Perhaps not a great surprise, but be done. We must all take are better placed to succeed in an canapés and drinks. For prices/ certainly something we, as an responsibility for not only raising ever-changing world – vital in the booking visit www.cibse.org/ibg industry, need to be working hard awareness of the women who current economic climate. to address. already work in the field, but also But most of all, with women New energy web forum You’ll have seen in this Journal for taking steps to encourage making up less than 20 per CIBSE Energy Performance over the last couple of editions women to choose building services cent of the workforce in science, Group has launched an ‘Expert two opinion pieces by young engineering as a career and to engineering and technology, can we of the Month’ web forum on female engineers – Morwenna increase retention of those women really afford to lose such a potential energy certification. To ask a Wilson (February), and Natalie Bell already in the sector. resource of talent and promise? question go to www.cibse-epg. (March) – both of whom have won Encouraging women into the Stephen Matthews, org/expertZone/expertZone.php awards for their achievements, as industry will benefit us all. A more Chief executive, CIBSE If you’re not an EPG member, well as a report on the Society of diverse workforce better reflects For more information, and to sign up by logging on to Public Health Young Engineers the changing demographics of see the list of organisations who www.cibse.org and updating Award winners – a team of women. the client base, and can help have signed up to the pledge, visit your preferences. All of this is very encouraging and provide a better understanding www.ukrc4setwomen.org/html/ featuring these women in our of their needs. Research shows employers/ceo-charter

Affiliates’ day briefing session CIBSE adopts BIMM definition CIBSE is holding a special day member and have the relevant CIBSE, along with a number of co-ordination and information event for Affiliate members on experience or qualifications, you other institutions, has adopted a throughout the building lifetime. Friday 17 April 2009, which will may want to consider transferring. definition of Building Information Rob Manning, CIBSE vice provide information on how to Let us help you make the next Modelling and Management president, said: “There is a become a Low Carbon Energy step on your career ladder and find (BIMM) to promote consistency. synergy between the concepts of Assessor, how to upgrade your the right path towards registration The definition is: “Building Collaborative Working and the membership, what the benefits with ECUK (Engineering Council Information Modelling is digital Building Information Model. The are, gauging the right grade UK) and progress further towards representation of physical and earlier all parties can contribute to a for you, and what’s involved in professional recognition. functional characteristics of a model, the more benefits are likely making the change. There will be two sessions – one facility creating a shared knowledge to accrue for the project.” CIBSE membership is open to at 10am and one at 2pm, both resource for information about He added: “The whole team all competent building services held at CIBSE HQ, Balham. To it forming a reliable basis for has to consider what it wishes engineers for the three corporate book your free place, visit decisions during its life cycle, from to achieve and use software grades of membership: Member, www.cibse.org, contact Chloe earliest conception to demolition.” accordingly.” Associate, and Licentiate level. Lacey on 020 8772 3692 or email The objective is that BIMM can For more details, email Samantha If you are currently an Affiliate [email protected] be used to deliver better decision- McDonough, policy manager, at making, better design, better [email protected]

12 CIBSE Journal April 2009 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEapr09 pp12-13 CIBSEnews.indd 12 2/4/09 14:55:31 CIBSE News

CIBSE responds to several key Future employment government consultations course The Department of officer. The Department for innovative approach to reducing n Communities and Local Business, Enterprise and accidents on site. Government (DCLG) consulted Regulatory Reform (BERR) A Heat and Energy Saving on the Definition of Zero Carbon has consulted on the potential Strategy has been announced, Homes and Non-Domestic role for such an appointment. setting out the government’s Buildings. This proposed a Covering procurement, vision to 2020 and beyond. It definition of zero-carbon new sustainable construction seeks views on a range of policies homes, based on high energy strategy, coordination of public that could help to decarbonise efficiency, on or near-site carbon construction programmes and the way homes and businesses CIBSE is determined to find low- reduction, and allowable solutions promoting innovation, the paper are heated, helping to reduce and no-cost ways for members for dealing with the remaining also considered where such a the UK’s CO2 emissions and to keep their skills up to date emissions. We pointed out the person would be placed and how to contribute to the target of in this (hopefully fairly short) need to include unregulated senior they would be. obtaining 20 per cent of all EU downturn in the industry. energy uses since this will CIBSE welcomes the proposal, energy from renewables by 2020. While inevitably some dominate as emissions from but warned that to be effective it Contributions to the CIBSE businesses are having to shed regulated uses (covered by Part L) would need the gravitas of a very response are welcome from posts, we believe that a sizeable, declines. We stressed the need to senior civil service position and readers. skilled, and competent core of address non-domestic buildings, real power to effect change. All CIBSE’s consultation building services engineers is particularly existing stock, as a There are real concerns that responses are available in essential for the achievement matter of urgency, and suggested Treasury is not supportive of the the Knowledge Bank section of a sustainable economy a list of ‘allowable solutions’ proposal. of the CIBSE website (www. for the UK and the world. To including smart meters, exports CIBSE gave evidence to the cibse.org) as well as details of this end, CIBSE recently ran a of low-carbon heat or ‘coolth’ Cabinet Office Panel on Fair open consultations and how to Future Employment Course and off-site renewable electricity Access to the Professions, which respond. For information on any for members to help them connected to the development. is looking at barriers to people of the consultations or issues stay in work by winning the The Business and Enterprise wanting to enter the professions, in this policy update, contact competition for available posts Select Committee last year and submitted comments to the Samantha McDonough, or, if appropriate, to refocus their called on government to Health and Safety Executive’s CIBSE policy manager at skills to fit less-affected areas, appoint a chief construction draft strategy calling for a more [email protected] such as energy assessment and facilities management. CIBSE will be running another Special interest groups membership course on 20 April 2009 in Balham. We are also hoping to Please be aware that CIBSE not respond, your details will Management and Intelligent include an in-depth session on reviews its special interest group be removed from the group’s Buildings Groups has been most how to fill in the APEL forms. membership regularly. membership, although you will be recently reviewed. Visit www.cibse. For more information and CIBSE may contact you to free to rejoin. Membership of the org and click “Update your details” to register for this free course, confirm that you wish to remain Heritage, Energy Performance, to amend your details and join, or email: [email protected] a member of a group. If you do Natural Ventilation, Facilities re-join, a group at any time.

Training and Development Training and development The forum was very successful A further Training and The following organisations submissions and attended by delegates from Development Forum is planned have recently been added: The closing dates for annual building services consultancies for next year. If you are interested AmbiRad Ltd submissions to be considered at and contracting companies in being kept informed, contact CIBSE Journal the May and July 2009 Training and involved in company training Olwen Williams at owilliams@ Cool Designs Ltd Development Panel meetings are schemes. cibse.org or call 020 8772 3605. HygroMatik UK 30 April and 20 June respectively. Presentations were given on Nordair Niche Training submissions and any different aspects of training and CPD Directory update Reznor UK Ltd queries, plus employers’ enquiries development, including online CPD course providers who would A concessionary rate is available and applications for approved learning, professional learning, like to apply for an entry into the for entries into some categories. company training schemes, and information on routes to Directory of CPD Course Providers should be addressed to Olwen membership and registration. should contact Olwen Williams, CPD course speakers Williams on 020 8772 3605 or at Information was also provided on training and development All CPD course speakers are [email protected] our in-house Company Briefing administrator, on 020 8772 invited to apply for CIBSE Sessions. 3605 or alternatively email her at membership. For further Forum – February 2009 If you would like further details [email protected] information, contact Bobby Wright, A training and development forum about these sessions contact Pearl We also accept applications for membership communications was held at CIBSE HQ on 26 Mensah, [email protected] or online courses. We will welcome manager, on 020 8772 3639 or February, 2009. call 020 8772 3644. more e-learning applications. email [email protected]

www.cibsejournal.com April 2009 CIBSE Journal 13

CIBSEapr09 pp12-13 CIBSEnews.indd 13 2/4/09 14:55:43 Letters

There’s no climate of confusion Nick Cullen claims that there is a refusal by iStockphoto the “climate change establishment” to listen to criticism (Journal, March, page 20). He cannot understand why, given the inherent uncertainties in modelling the climate, that the “consensus of scientists is to accept anthropogenic (man-made) global warming”. It may be that the mass media rarely discusses the uncertainties but it is misleading to suggest that scientists do not. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s latest report is very specific about the uncertainties and goes to great lengths to try to quantify them. What are not being openly discussed by the media and CIBSE are the predicted impacts of climate change. The IPCC report predicts a rise in mean global temperature of perhaps 4°C by the end of this century. This may not lighting, using 50 per cent less energy than make us specify their equipment. Our job as sound like much of a problem to many folk – a the ordinary household bulb. What is more, engineers is to provide systems that work with pity about the polar bears, but on the positive they are dimmable, ideal for creating a cosy as little equipment as possible. side, the UK’s climate will be like the south of ambience in any home. Peter Mills France today. The reality is much more stark. Another exciting lighting development is Principal, MEP Consultancy FZE A 4°C rise could result in most of Asia, Africa, LEDs, which have already provided decorative Australasia, South and Central America and elements in our homes. Now, however, [email protected] the US becoming uninhabitable through they are beginning to be real alternatives to desertification and flooding. incandescent bulbs. This new breed of LEDs Engineering an identity crisis So, let’s continue to argue about whether offers functional lighting and can be used in What is a building services engineer? The or not man is causing climate change. It will lobbies, stairways and corridors. As its light public don’t know, the construction industry take our mind off what sort of a legacy we are output and performance improves, LED thinks it knows and the BS engineer is himself probably (but not certainly) bequeathing to our technology is set to bring even greater energy uncertain. The architect believes the BS engineer children and other living species. And, maybe, efficiency and, more importantly, even greater is responsible for spoiling the aesthetics of his just maybe, the “underdog” sceptics are right. opportunity and choice to homeowners. building, reducing lettable floor space and placing Keep clutching at the straws, Nick. Mike Simpson carbuncles on his roof; the building contractor Martin Ratcliffe MCIBSE Technical director, Philips Lighting and Design believes he is responsible for everything that goes wrong on his contract; and the quantity surveyor No going back on efficient lighting Don’t offer 20th century solutions believes he is responsible for all cost overruns. In the heat of the debate on energy efficient Your recent article on IT cooling was really Ask a BS engineer to explain his job and he or she lighting (Journal, February, p18; March, rather tired (Journal, March, p50). To state will write a specification. Ask his partner what he Letters), it’s worth remembering that lighting that IT facilities are getting more power- and does for a living and he or she will shrug their consumes nearly 20 per cent of global electricity cooling-hungry is really not worth mentioning shoulders. There is one big advantage that still generation, so we cannot ignore its costs – either to engineers. To put forward a solution of “more impresses the neighbours: you can sign their in terms of CO2 emissions, or financially. cooling” when we are consumed by reducing passports if you are one of the chartered variety. However, one of the main sticking points our carbon use seems to be trying to bend a Mike Abbott FCIBSE (retired) still seems to be the fact that, in most people’s 20th century solution to a 21st century problem. minds, energy-efficient lighting is firmly The big players in the IT game are looking CIBSE Journal welcomes article proposals from associated with the compact fluorescent lamps at all kinds of interesting solutions, such as any reader, wherever you are – whether it be of the 1980s. This is no longer the case. CFLs floating server farms utilising wind and wave letters, longer opinion pieces, news stories, people or events listings, humorous items, or any have changed dramatically in terms of shape power – server farms delivered in containers ideas for possible articles. and style. More significantly, new technologies with no cooling but using equipment able to Please send all letters and any other items for have now joined this somewhat down-trodden run without failure at varying temperature and possible publication to: bcervi@cibsejournal. member of the energy efficiency family. Light levels. This is real engineering activity com, or write to Bob Cervi, Editor, CIBSE Journal, sources such as halogen and LEDs are now that addresses the problem itself rather than Cambridge Publishers Ltd, 275 Newmarket Road, Cambridge, CB5 8JE, UK. We reserve the right to available, giving consumers more choice trying to treat the symptoms. edit all letters. Please indicate how you wish your than ever before. Revolutionary energy saving Don’t let’s rely on manufacturers and letter to be attributed, and whether you wish to halogen filament bulbs now offer crisp white suppliers for our information. Their job is to have your contact details included.

14 CIBSE Journal April 2009 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEapr09 pp14 letters.indd 14 2/4/09 14:56:15 SIXTH Sense the all new ecolution KX6 Now Mitsubishi Heavy Industries introduces even further advances in efficiency with the new ecolution KX6 mini VRF system. Compact, lightweight, single fan outdoor units from 11.2kW to 15.5kW cooling capacity with the highest levels of efficiency available and a completely new range of indoor units with enhanced control logic.

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www.cibsejournal.com April 2009 CIBSE Journal 15

p15_CIBSEMagApr09.indd 15 30/3/09 09:01:20 Opinion Facilitating change The building services sector must embrace operational and facilities management if it is to keep pace with client needs, argues Geoff Prudence

t is clear to me that operational and risk management opportunity now, in this time of recession, for skills need to be further developed by the building engineering managers to take the lead in this area services engineering industry. Project teams of facilities management. need to include expertise on operational and risk The engineering-based facilities manager I management to ensure successful, effective building equipped with relevant data will be well placed to outcomes. When developing the operational service understand all the risks and impacts, and be able to provision for buildings or a portfolio, the management make sound decisions to reduce costs accordingly. team must consider not just tracking the risks and Whether it’s a sourcing strategy, retrofit solutions monitoring them, but understanding the role each or plant replacement, it’s about managing the member of the team plays in managing the risks to risk. FMs need to take ownership to make those add value. This needs to be underpinned by strong decisions – it’s cost versus risk, ultimately. This engineering leadership. means operational FMs who have an engineering In facilities management, engineering-biased background will continue to be managers are best placed to manage the risks valued as the focus continues on through the nature of their experience and can revenue costs, energy and building adapt to include ‘soft’ services, such as catering and operational risk management and In a recession security services. life-cycle costing. there’s a My frustration is that any recognition of building Companies are looking not only services success, whether it is in published case at their business continuity plans, great opportunity for studies or at awards ceremonies, is usually around but getting more for less out of engineering managers building design. Operations and maintenance existing systems and resources, engineers are not fully recognised in the industry, including people. So there is now, to take a lead even though core building services engineering is more than ever, greater recognition in FM about managing risks over the life of the building of the importance of effective including the statutory compliance associated with operations and maintenance within health and safety. the FM sphere. Moreover, clients want more than basic project Within the CIBSE FM Group, we are trying to management; they want us as engineers to own the influence and achieve awareness of operational risks associated with buildings and their operations. services into design courses at universities and Otherwise, six months to a year into a new building demonstrate that CIBSE is there for all of us involved or a refreshed service contract, expectations will not in building services – not just the design-orientated. be met. This is crucial because the traditional routes for Whilst there has always been discussion around engineers develop into lead operational positions, closing the gap on design/operations, there needs and FM managers are drying up. to be more emphasis both on the design period and Many FMs are coming through soft facilities in developing skills for operational FMs. Accredited management services; but engineers are best placed design courses are not developing these FM skills to maximise the potential for managing building at present and CIBSE has a role to help plug the gap related risks. CIBSE also has the opportunity to help and meet demand for these skills in the future. develop the engineering operational management We need to get people to graduate from building role within the building services engineering services design courses with greater operational industry for what is truly a sustainable solution. l understanding, specifically around building operational risk management. There’s a great Geoff Prudence is chairman of CIBSE FM Group

16 CIBSE Journal April 2009 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEapr09 pp16 opinionGP.indd 16 2/4/09 14:56:40 IT’SNEW REALLY NOTHING BUT VISIBLY SECURE

The new generation of metal pressfittings with press indicator and cap.

Thanks to its press indicator, the new Mapress fitting offers a higher level of security. In addition to the contour seal ring in every fitting, it is now possible to check for unpressed joints even before performing a pressure test. In addition, all of the pressfitting ends come equipped with a cap, so the seal ring remains protected right up to the time of installation, shielding it from contamination with dirt and dust. That’s what we mean by Know-How Installed. www.geberit.co.uk

www.cibsejournal.com April 2009 CIBSE Journal 17

p17_CIBSEMagApr09.indd 17 30/3/09 09:02:30 Opinion The post-build era Being able to access data on the performance of buildings is a crucial step in monitoring energy efficiency, saysGeoff Russell-Smith

few years ago I attended an industry-wide performance of products and materials in working event, and the debate turned to post-build buildings. monitoring. The host asked for a show of It might also help us to move firmly away from hands as to who was undertaking post- focusing on capital costs to a situation where build A monitoring of buildings they had worked on. specification decisions are instead made by looking I eagerly put my hand up to report on some of our closely at the whole-life costs of the building and its recent monitoring work, but I quickly sensed that I specific systems and products. was in the minority and had made an industry faux- According to the UKGBC, the proposed Code for pas. Sustainable Buildings will be radically different from I had broken an unwritten industry rule: you the Code for Sustainable Homes. It will provide a don’t talk about post-build data and building framework, which makes use of existing legislation performance. and will include an ‘escalator’ of mandatory tougher A bit extreme? Maybe slightly, but the situation targets leading up to zero-carbon. hasn’t changed that much. Data on the performance We can learn from the of non-domestic building stock is still difficult to experiences in the residential It might also come by. sector. Many housebuilders I don’t think there has been a great industry have been quick to call on the help us to conspiracy about this. It’s simply that nobody wants government to ‘water down’ move firmly away from to be professionally associated with a building which the zero carbon definition and might not be an exemplar of efficiency. push back a 2016 deadline for focusing on capital costs The UK Green Building Council’s (UKGBC) Code residential. Yet, despite these calls to a situation where for Sustainable Buildings proposal, if implemented, and the current downturn, the would insist on the mandatory provision of data Code for Sustainable Homes has specification decisions in the public domain. This is clearly a step in the helped to galvanise the sector into are instead made by right direction, and if implemented, could deliver action. some revealing results, particularly for a number Look around and there are looking closely at the of existing ‘green’ buildings that had been billed as pockets of activity from both whole-life environmental star performers. In some cases, we housebuilders and Registered could well be victims of greenwashing hyperbole. Social Landlords who, on test-bed costs of the I hope that the Code could also help to tackle sites, are trying to understand building some of the issues of Display Energy Certificates. how they can meet the highest While these have undoubtedly provided visibility levels of the Code now. Crucially, this process has on energy performance, they can deliver misleading armed them with better information about the most results. Currently, it is possible for an inefficient efficient products and is leading to frank discussions building that is half full to receive a high DEC rating. about performance data. Similarly, a building that is designed to be energy- We need more data and greater transparency efficient can also be operated efficiently, but it may on new and existing buildings in order to meet get a low rating due to one essential/unavoidable the non-domestic 2019 zero carbon target. With piece of equipment such as a supercomputer. the implementation of the Code for Sustainable Critically, I hope greater data transparency for a Buildings, I sense that the days of ‘unspoken’ data building across its energy, carbon, water and waste rules could be well and truly over. l usage might also lead us to have more sensible discussions about the ‘real’ efficiency and in-situ Geoff Russell-Smith is general manager, Tarmac TermoDeck

18 CIBSE Journal April 2009 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEapr09 pp18 opinionGR.indd 18 2/4/09 14:57:01 A]se da]oejc oa_djkhkc- @o A]se ra d]qa oda lnk`p_o ]j` oda gjkrha`ca ok dahl la_eÙan Ùj` oda Kkr kj _]n^kj+ ^a o hkr _]n^kj khpoekj bkn ]j lnkfa_o- Rd]o ia]j lnkqe`ejc oda re`a o n]jca decd kj aslanoe a- kb hkr _]n^kj oa_djkhkc ]q]eh]^ha ej oda SJ+ jko ok iajoekj ] i]ngao ha]`ejc n]jca kb decd abÙ_eaj_ DCASJ A]j` @ n]oa` ^kehan + ej_hp`ejc oda ]r]n`,rejjejc A]se Cpk,oa_ Bki^e 17 GD-

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k+ rd jko lpo kpn aslanoe a ok oda oa o ok`]> B]hh .62265//303 ]j` ] g bkn ] `aikj on]oekj kb kpn Mar Ca ecj anqe_a+ @i^eÚkRL kh]nÚkRL Ú]o lh]oa C@BGRL ieje ,BGO h]pj_da` ok lnkqe`a oda la_eÙan reod ] bphh  oai `a ecj anqe_a bkn jar ^peh` na e`ajoe]h `aqahkliajo -

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FakÚkRL GD ^kehan Aeki] RL kh]nÚkRL aq]_p]oa` op^a rrr-^]se-_k-pg [email protected]D./2/8

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www.cibsejournal.com April 2009 CIBSE Journal 19

p19_CIBSEMagApr09.indd 19 30/3/09 09:04:58 Legal A breath of fresh air Installing local exhaust ventilation systems in buildings is crucial in order to remove harmful contaminants and protect workers’ health, as Hywel Davies explains

very year, more than 4,000 workers in Britain It is also vital to provide the means to see if the contract occupational diseases, including system is not working properly. Installers must put cancer and serious lung conditions. These are in an LEV system and commission it thoroughly, to caused by breathing dust, fumes or vapours at ensure that it does adequately control contaminant E work. Most of these illnesses are entirely avoidable exposure. The only way to check this is by physical with proper local exhaust ventilation systems to testing to demonstrate that the system controls remove airborne contaminants before people breathe exposure effectively. them in. They should also provide a full commissioning Under the Health and Safety at Work Act, all report (which goes into the log book). Employees need employers have an absolute legal duty to safeguard their training to use the system, workers. In addition, as part of its disease-reduction including confirming programme, the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) for themselves that it is considers occupational disease to be an enforcement working effectively. Under the Health priority, and so plans to raise the profile of local exhaust The clear message and Safety at ventilation and to increase its enforcement activity in coming across from this area for the foreseeable future. HSE is that this issue Work Act, all employers HSE recently ran pilot workshops to tell employers is important for worker have an absolute legal duty in the Midlands about their duties, and to bring health, and that it will the supply side in to explain what is available and be of growing concern to safeguard how employers can meet their legal duties to the to HSE inspectors. This their workers employees in their care. provides opportunities Local exhaust ventilation (LEV) equipment provides for ventilation engineers protection in that it is designed to enclose a process who have the competence to design LEV systems, as which generates hazardous airborne particles, or there is likely to be growing interest from employers. to capture the hazardous material and draw it away CIBSE has been recognised by the HSE as having from the breathing zone. The Act requires that these many members with appropriate knowledge in this systems be examined annually. Failure to do so can field. incur prosecution. At present, the HSE estimates that For those who want to demonstrate specific there are 140,000 of these installations operating, of competence in this area, this can currently be done which only half are properly inspected. through the Basic design principles of local exhaust Where LEV is needed, it requires careful design to ventilation systems qualification, which is offered by ensure adequate flow rates, correctly directed to draw the British Occupational Health Society (BOHS). the contamination into the extract system. The effect There is also a need for competent testers. The of draughts on the performance of the extraction current recognised qualification for this is the BOHS system also needs to be considered. Initial Appraisal and Thorough Examination and For more information about LEV, visit www.hse.gov.uk/ It is important for the designer to establish what Testing of Local Exhaust Ventilation Systems. lev. The site provides further the employer – their client – needs, and to design CIBSE members are well-placed to engage with HSE guidance for designers, the system accordingly using the correct hoods or the drive to raise standards of occupational heath by installers and examiners of enclosures to control the processes and sources. delivering LEV systems that are fit for purpose and LEV, as well as employers and They should also provide a user manual and log book help to prevent the many blighted lives that result their employees who depend on LEV to protect their health. l for the system, which sets out how the system works, from avoidable occupational disease. It also provides links to HSE and how it should be maintained, in terminology that publications and to other Hywel Davies is technical director of CIBSE the employer and users can readily understand. useful information sources.

20 CIBSE Journal April 2009 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEapr09 pp20 legal.indd 22 2/4/09 14:57:26 Market leading specification software for Building Services

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p21_CIBSEMagApr09.indd 21 30/3/09 09:07:14 22 CIBSE Journal April 2009 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEapr09 pp22-24,26 interview_myles.indd 22 2/4/09 14:57:59 CIBSEapr09 pp22-24,26 interview_myles.indd 23 Reflected www.cibsejournal.com glory glory a builder, and why private finance deals are important at Skanska. He tells from hardman contractor to accommodating facilities manager A kind of poacher turned gamekeeper, Eddie Myles has gone T customer service.” a providing about is it – that’ did ‘I say and at look engineering terms – there is no ‘widget’ that you can is not the same as having an end product in traditional the facility and your profit is on the line for 30 years. It builder because you have a long-term commitment to have business to providing facilities we services only. Scotland “In transformed ourselves from a traditional contracting reflects. he companies,” now does. “It is a whole new discipline for construction management division in Scotland, FM is all that Myles today?” he muses. the in up with fight to got I waking have Who thinking, and morning than pleasant more lot a is “It “You can’t afford to think like an old-fashioned old-fashioned an like think to afford can’t “You facilities Skanska’s contractor of head As his career in the cut and thrust of contracting. change for Eddie Myles, who has spent most of construction has been a dramatic but welcome to approach ‘softer’ a towards move he Ewen Rose how being soft can be crucial to > April 2009CIBSEJournal The interview 2/4/09 14:58:09

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McAteer Photography The interview

Tynewater Primary School > So, he says, he has learnt the secret of being invisible. preoccupation for building owners. Skanska recently in Midlothian, Scotland, one “If you walk into one of the buildings we manage you won an award for recovering plastic from clinical waste of Skanska’s projects won’t see Skanska logos all over the place – just one and transforming it into site hoardings – 96 per cent small, discreet office. That is because the building is of all clinical waste is plastic and the vast majority ends not ours, it belongs to the user – in many cases that is up in landfill. the local community – and our job is to keep it working. Myles, who is serving his second term as chairman If they hardly notice we are there, we are doing a good of the Heating and Ventilation Contractors’ Association job.” (HVCA) Scotland, started out as an apprentice Myles is convinced that as the new-build market technician at the Scottish Gas Board in 1969 before shrinks, the pressure is on for owners to “sweat their moving to the domestic gas and electrical heating assets” and squeeze the maximum from the existing installer Alexander Dunn in Glasgow. stock. This will encourage firms to adopt a model that “In the Fifties, they had this amazing system that places greater emphasis on the long-term operation used a double-skin to heat the whole house of buildings. To be successful, companies will have via the warm air generated by the coal fire. Vents in the to develop improved facilities management expertise outer skin allowed the heat to spread to upper floors. It – to the benefit of building owners/operators and the was fairly effective and innovative for its time, but you environment. don’t see much of that kind of thing these days!” “Facilities services are no longer seen as a bolt-on to He then became a civil engineering draughtsman M&E [mechanical and electrical services] – it is a totally when work became scarce in the mid-70s, before different business and a radically different culture,” moving to Duncan Johnston, a well-known local heating Myles says. “The priorities are totally different, too. We and plumbing company. Duncan Johnston was heavily Everything is don’t necessarily want the cheapest suppliers, but we involved in the emerging new towns of the day such do want the quickest and most reliable.” as Cumbernauld and Livingston, where hundreds of moving so fast. Having a long-term commitment to a facility nearly identical homes had to be fitted with largely In September, also means you have the opportunity to influence identical gas-fired heating systems. the economy in its sustainability – another increasingly onerous Rising from the ashes Scotland was Great business if you can find it, but the company still still bouncing – SKANSKA went to the wall, despite having £4m worth of business now it is flat As a multi-national and multi-disciplinary on its books. “It was cash flow that killed it and, the construction giant, Skanska is able to monitor the ultimate humiliation, our headquarters building in – Eddie Myles changes from within and without. Its restructuring Strathaven became a potato warehouse. At least a new in 2008 was designed to reflect the shifting market, company rose from the ashes and is still trading in with an increased focus on providing facilities Scotland.” support for building clients. He sees similar warning signs today, but says the Although it is still best known as a main general financial situation is even more volatile. contractor leading large construction projects, “Everything is moving so fast. As recently as September, Skanska has over £1.5 billion worth of FM contracts the economy in Scotland was still bouncing – now it has across the UK including schools, several hospitals gone completely flat. and Ministry of Defence premises. “Much of the problem is down to lack of confidence Around 25 per cent of Skanska’s total facilities caused by the banks refusing to lend money, and it will work in Scotland comes from within the group be the SMEs [small and medium-sized enterprises] that where the construction arm built the projects. The suffer most.” rest was won on the open market. However, he insists the situation is not all doom and gloom. “All is not lost. There is still a market out there,” >

24 CIBSE Journal April 2009 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEapr09 pp22-24,26 interview_myles.indd 24 2/4/09 14:58:19 Publications Catalogue 2009

The Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers

Catalogue now available to download at www.cibse.org/publications www.cibsejournal.com April 2009 CIBSE Journal 25

p25_CIBSEMagApr09.indd 25 1/4/09 11:59:17 The interview

Eddie Myles > he says. “We have two major tenders going out of here confirm. However, I am not aware of any other public [Skanska’s in-house construction division] this week. service that is as closely-measured and monitored as PFI And while housebuilding has been devastated, the and PPP providers. And if you don’t perform, it hits CV commercial side is still relatively strong. your profits.” Since 2003: Head “However, it is vital that the government primes He also points to the vast improvement in facilities of Skanska facilities management (FM) the market. I am very worried that public sector that the projects have delivered. Where teachers were division in Scotland – projects will be held up, just when the industry needs formerly reduced to teaching in corridors, they are now involved moving from them most.” working in modern, airy classrooms. “One teacher even a traditional M&E contracting business to This is a major concern for the construction asked me if he could have his own cupboard!” recalls full FM provision industry as a whole, and is being voiced by the Myles. 1987-2003: Regional Scottish Confederation of Associations of Specialist He believes that the sector is even more dependent manager, Scotland, at Engineering Contractors (CASEC), which is now part upon this kind of work, and is worried that the Andrews Weatherfoil Ltd, of the Scottish Construction Forum that advises the government has yet to properly commit to ‘son of PPP’ which was acquired first by Kvaerner and then by Scottish Parliament. Myles represents the HVCA – the Scottish Futures Trust projects that have not yet Skanska within CASEC and believes the industry must keep up emerged. 1982-1987: Contracts the pressure on the government to release promised “There are several schools and hospital projects manager for Walker Air money into the public sector. coming through – and there is much yet to be done Conditioning and then He acknowledges that Skanska was a major – but most of these are left over from the old PPP Andrews Weatherfoil Ltd beneficiary of the PFI/PPP system, but also argues agreements and we have yet to see evidence of the new 1969-1980: An that it has worked by delivering many essential programme working. apprenticeship with Scottish Gas was followed infrastructure projects that could not have been “The government is talking about going back to by posts across the built otherwise. traditional procurement for its vital infrastructure contracting field Myles says that Skanska is living proof that the projects. I can’t see how they will get the same value Honarary posts included: Public Finance Initiative (PFI) and public-private for money or effectiveness that way – and I hope it is Chairman of HVCA partnerships (PPP) work. not political propaganda that is pushing them down Scotland, 1997-99, 2008-10 “In Scotland it [PFI/PPP] has fallen out of that route.” l favour politically as there was a lot of press suggesting the private sector ripped off public sector clients, but if that did happen, it was only in a few cases I am worried that public sector early on when some of the public sector procurers were projects will be held up, just when possibly a little naïve. Eddie Myles: yet to see the industry needs them most evidence of the new That is certainly not the case now, as anyone who programmes working has been involved in negotiations for PFI/PPP will – Eddie Myles

26 CIBSE Journal April 2009 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEapr09 pp22-24,26 interview_myles.indd 26 2/4/09 14:58:29 WYCHWOOD WATER SYSTEMS Announce the Sterisoft Self-Disinfecting Water Softener

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www.cibsejournal.com April 2009 CIBSE Journal 27

p27_CIBSEMagApr09.indd 27 30/3/09 09:13:03 Simon Weir www.simonweir.com Weir Simon

28 CIBSE Journal April 2009 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEapr09 pp28-30 wyatt.indd 28 2/4/09 14:59:00 People Terry Wyatt Work in progress The building services sector has been failing clients for too long when it comes to energy efficiency and performance outcomes. Terry Wyatt tells Carina Bailey what urgently needs to be done

ow-energy buildings are almost universally failing To beat our current failings, Wyatt believes, building to perform, insists CIBSE past-president Terry services systems need to operate autonomously, or they Wyatt. That’s a tragedy for the nation and ought are destined to fail. “If you haven’t properly engineered to be deeply disappointing to their designers. The the system in a building and are relying on people doing Lprincipal reason is that the building services industry something, it will not happen – it will fail. It must either simply hasn’t monitored the performance of buildings, completely work by itself or, if it’s decided people will want and has employed some pretty “sloppy” engineering the ability to change it themselves, then it must default to designs, the Hoare Lea consultant laments. where it should be every couple of hours.” Wyatt, one of the sector’s figureheads, will lay down This will enable a building to adjust its systems and the gauntlet to his fellow professionals when he gives a energy consumption automatically to the levels designed keynote speech to the CIBSE national conference, which for. This sort of ‘dynamic response’ is fundamental to takes place in London later this month. The sloppiness the process of dynamic demand management of energy Wyatt refers to partly lies in an overriding ethos to save use that is soon to play a big part in the nation’s energy energy; some professionals believe that because building strategy. services such as ventilation systems consume energy in Wyatt is also critical of some clients. He says that, if a operation, it will save energy simply to exclude these building’s services aren’t designed properly in the first systems from a building altogether. place, the first thing a client will do will be to install the How wrong, says Wyatt, who argues it’s imperative “least efficient equipment” to counteract the problem. that buildings are properly engineered. “There’s been a This will also create unhealthy environments where the tendency to think we don’t need to be putting building risk of catching infections, such as respiratory illnesses, services in [ for example] teaching spaces and halls. increases. “But when you fail to put them in, the result is what’s “If you don’t properly engineer [a building], users happening all around us – uncomfortable, hot and sweaty make it worse by the cheapest possible solution. Less

buildings with unhealthy levels of CO2, contaminants and performance is always less.” infection, which also fail to meet the energy targets.” So can we hope to meet the government’s future near- Similarly, if someone puts in a lighting system zero carbon targets? According to Wyatt, we’re not even somewhere, he says, it is idiotic not to have it coupled meeting existing ones yet. “We have to look at why we’re with a control that switches it on, up, down and off as not meeting them, and we will only know that when we needed. And yet this has been done time and again, even monitor them and investigate why that’s so. A negligible in supposedly iconic buildings specially designed for level of such investigation is being done.” ‘daylighting’. He blames the low price of energy, relative to incomes, Some could accuse Wyatt of being overly critical, but for this lack of investigation. The reality is that most he believes it’s “a time for honesty”. He says that, unless people have no idea how much they are consuming, least we want to feel the economic pain, “we really have got to of all where it’s being consumed, and expecting them get our act together now and come up with proper design to be interested in how the systems work is ridiculous, solutions”. He adds: “We are seeing packaged, high- Wyatt concedes. performance, off-site manufactured buildings coming in So the answer has to lie with engineers. “It’s got to be Speaking out: from Germany and Scandinavia which have guaranteed engineering that comes up with the solution, and we are Terry Wyatt is a keynote speaker at this year’s performance. We will see more of this happening if we failing,’ he says. CIBSE national conference don’t come up with the goods.” “We’re failing to deliver the buildings that are required, >

www.cibsejournal.com April 2009 CIBSE Journal 29

CIBSEapr09 pp28-30 wyatt.indd 29 2/4/09 14:59:09 People Terry Wyatt

Utilities need to offer

incentives for CO2 cuts In his CIBSE annual conference speech, Terry Wyatt will also focus on managing energy demand more efficiently through dynamic demand control technologies. More tonnes of carbon could be saved through dynamic demand than any other single action, Wyatt insists. But, if we haven’t got systems properly engineered, under control and monitored, then “we don’t have any hope of being able to manage our demand – we won’t know what it is and we certainly won’t have the facility to do anything about it,” he says. However, to make this happen, industry needs an incentive from utility companies in the form of different rates according to demand – similar to peak and off-peak train fares. Wyatt says: “We’ve got to be able to manage our Terry Wyatt is adamant that demand both in timing and the amount that we post-occupancy evaluations For all the intention that goes into wish to have at any time.” are essential building design at the moment, the If demand were managed through dynamic reality is completely different software, it would remove the need for electricity companies to have huge amounts of energy already generated for use at times. He says > and we have to sit down and honestly look at each of our the national grid also needs to be adapted to buildings – especially when they’re iconic ones that are accept energy coming from renewables, as building obviously nowhere near the ambition behind the project services engineers are being increasingly asked to when they were originally instigated.” install them on projects. Wyatt is adamant that post-occupancy evaluations (POEs) are essential. “We need to have POEs coming from the buildings we have put up in the last five to 10 us to deliver better buildings and to ‘back us up’ over how CIBSE years, which applies to schools more than anything. this is to be achieved, but we are guilty – we haven’t done Sign up for the There’s this enormous school building programme and so. We have to admit we have not delivered.” But there’s conference I know of no full POEs that will show what works and no reason why the industry can’t reach its targets very The CIBSE National what doesn’t and how best to pursue it.” quickly, according to Wyatt, because “there’s no rocket Conference, ‘Engineering Why aren’t more POEs being carried out? Because, science in this, it’s painfully obvious what needs to excellence: the way to a says Wyatt, there’s no income from having a look and be done.” sustainable business, future-proofing the investigating it – despite an agreement between client and Wyatt believes that the best approach now, as regards building services architect/engineer to check the building is performing as school buildings, would be to copy what’s being done industry’, will be held on intended from the outset. in Germany and Scandinavia, as POEs have already 28-29 April at the Russell Hotel in London. Topics Clients are often not so keen on such performance been conducted there. He also thinks building design include sustainability in inspections: potential occupiers wouldn’t be thrilled to is approached in the wrong way in the UK: engineers building services and see that the building is performing badly. Most people should recall that people need to be cooled rather than in business, and case studies on low-carbon care only for a property’s location, rentable cost and how heated, and so should be concentrating on how to do that, solutions. There’s also it looks – which pushes the industry towards producing rather than on heating buildings with ridiculously high a conference dinner fashionable buildings, making appearance more temperature sources. and debate sponsored by the Young Engineers important than performance, insists Wyatt. The heat generated by occupants can be used to Network. As well as Terry Far too much money is still spent on trendy architecture, warm the fresh air to 200C without having to use any Wyatt, other keynote rather than on its performance, he says, but he concedes other form of . Extra heat which couldn’t speakers will include Professor Julia King that the introduction of energy certificates for buildings be generated from a heat recovery mechanical ventilation of the Committee on could become a force for change, encouraging people system would only be needed in extreme cases of cold Climate Change; Mike to ask about a building’s energy efficiency and thus weather and should always come from low temperature Hogg of Shell Gas Direct; and Professor David emphasising its importance. sources. Fisk of Imperial College The massive plans for schools and other public “I’m sick and tired of being given 20 reasons why the London. buildings are a different matter and need to be transparent buildings are not being properly engineered, instead To book a place, call 020 8675 5211, email as to their performance and energy efficiency. He adds: of the one reason needed for them to do it,” bemoans eventbookings@cibse. “We’ve known energy certificates are coming in, we’ve Wyatt. “They will, I fear, only do that when they fully feel org or visit www.cibse. known building regulations are coming in, with Part L the consequences of not going all the way and not doing org/nationalconference and so on. There has been enough legislation to call on it properly.” l

30 CIBSE Journal April 2009 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEapr09 pp28-30 wyatt.indd 30 2/4/09 14:59:17 Smoke and Natural Ventilation

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p31_CIBSEMagApr09.indd 31 30/3/09 09:14:09 Snapshot of the future Potential savings on carbon emissions generated by the UK’s housing stock will come largely from converting existing buildings, including millions of energy-hungry older properties. Ewen Rose reports on an award-winning refurbishment project that shows how Victorian housing can be made much greener

Improvements to this Victorian property in Brighton, UK, resulted in a 72 per cent cut in CO2 emissions, winning the CIBSE Low Carbon Refurbishment award. Pictured on facing page outside the house is co-owner Sigrid Stagl

32 CIBSE Journal April 2009 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEapr09 pp32-33,34,36.indd 32 3/4/09 11:47:30 Buildings Case study

ustrians Sigrid Stagl and Peter Kaufmann technical expertise in sustainable building. Coming transformed their Victorian home in the from Austria where a large number of ‘passive’ houses Preston Park area of Brighton, UK, despite are already in operation, they felt it must be possible to the fact it is situated inside a conservation do something similar in Brighton. Aarea – which meant they had to fight hard for local “Our initial plan to have a passive solar house built was authority approval. impeded by the lack of affordable building plots in the city The outcome of the scheme – which won the CIBSE of Brighton,” says Stagl. “Driving by car to an eco-house Low Carbon Refurbishment Project award for 2009 – outside the city did not seem coherent to us. Hence, we was a 72 per cent cut in CO2 emissions, using mainly ended up buying a lovely Victorian house where we could sustainable materials while retaining the original walk to the city centre and cycle to the university. However, character of the 1887 property. the house was far from our green aspirations and from “Our project demonstrated that the 40 per cent house our expectations of living conditions.” scenario – where CO2 emissions are reduced by 40 per The lessons learnt and their subsequent struggles to cent – is achievable and more,” Stagl says. “Even Victorian transform this end-of-terrace house – with “inappropriate houses can become sustainable homes using existing heating” including electric storage heaters, minimal technology.” insulation and dampness in two walls – could considerably Both Peter and Sigrid are social scientists at the ease the pain for others similarly inspired to reduce their University of Sussex, and neither has any design or carbon footprint. > Simon Weir www.simonweir.com Weir Simon

www.cibsejournal.com April 2009 CIBSE Journal 33

CIBSEapr09 pp32-33,34,36.indd 33 2/4/09 15:00:06 Buildings Case study

Outcomes Transforming a typical Victorian house

Refurbishment outcomes Total CO2 emissions cut by 72 per cent – from 14t to 3.8t per year CO2 emissions cut by 80 per cent if calculated per m2 – the additional living space pushed down the total figure A more healthy living Solar panels are linked to a 500-litre cylinder concealed in a closet. environment – radiant heating, reduced damp, It provides 150 litres of hot water as well as low-temperature hot more natural lighting water for the radiant wall system and Reduced energy bill by two thirds > Insulation insulated that sitting next to them is no problem. The Payback period for solar The first step was to improve the building fabric to reduce radiant heat from the wall feels very pleasant – rather like heating system: seven heat loss. External wall insulation was immediately sun-rays. You get the best sensation of this in the shower years approx (at current energy prices) ruled out because it would contravene conservation area enclosure because the tiles radiate the heat even better restrictions. So internal magnesite-bound wood wool than plastered walls,” she adds. Retained original character insulation was added to all external walls to a depth of either 50mm or 25mm. Heating Technology Radiant wall heating was also applied to several walls They have had to make compromises along the way, – hence the difference in insulation depths – providing though. Their first choice of heating was wood pellets A+ rated appliances throughout U-values of between 1.2 and 1.6. The insulation also combined with solar, but the lack of storage space and helped to overcome some severe damp problems in the shortage of suitable suppliers made the wood element Low-energy induction hob external walls. They were able to add 50mm of insulation difficult. The second choice was a ground-source heat to the loft – which was extended – but had to use boards pump, but the garden was too small for ‘slinky’ loops and due to space restrictions. a borehole too expensive at around £8,000 plus the cost Energy controls – The radiant heating installed uses 30 per cent less of the . They also ruled out an air-source heat including in every room. energy than conventional systems, due to the pump on the grounds of noise. larger surface areas, which means comfortable heat So it was decided that solar energy would have to bear Energy-saving lamps can be provided at water temperatures as low as 35 to the brunt of the load. Four solar panels, each comprising > Water-saving shower heads 40°C. The couple have found that there is more even heat distribution with this approach, with fewer airborne Solar heating particles and the benefit of dispensing with radiators. Our main focus must be on Underfloor heating “Shortly after moving into the house, sitting next to Radiant wall heating walls was unpleasant,” says Stagl. “The cold would come transforming the existing straight through. Now walls and windows are so well housing stock – Russell Smith Barriers Poor building fabric Housing stock challenge of turning Britain’s homes green Planning objections According to the UK Sustainable Development but believes we still have a lot to learn. “There is Lack of qualified a big gap in our knowledge about how to tackle installers Commission, 75 per cent of existing homes will still be in use in 2050 – by which time the country is due this challenge,” he says. “We need to take on more User behaviour to have reduced its carbon emissions by 80 per cent, projects to plug that gap.” Urban density according to government targets. Parity achieved a 72 per cent reduction of carbon Lack of space Before the housing market crashed, the UK was emissions per square metre on one London property modernising around 150,000 houses a year, through it refurbished, and the eco measures only added 15 new builds and refurbishments. per cent to the total cost, according to Smith. He “Some 27 per cent of our total energy use is says the greening of this house will pay for itself in consumed in homes – the single biggest chunk,” less than eight years. says Russell Smith, of residential refurbishment “Trades people are the key influencers in the company Parity Eco Solutions. “Our main focus process of making homes more sustainable,” must be on transforming the existing housing stock.” adds Smith. “They need to be keenly aware of that Smith has turned the refurbishment of Victorian responsibility and of the impact each element of their semi-detached homes into ecological test projects, work has on the overall performance.”

34 CIBSE Journal April 2009 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEapr09 pp32-33,34,36.indd 34 2/4/09 15:00:16 The EPCs and DECs everyone wants

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www.cibsejournal.com April 2009 CIBSE Journal 35

p35_CIBSEMagApr09.indd 35 3/4/09 11:34:40 Buildings Case study

> 15 evacuated tubes, were specified and linked to a 500- litre cylinder that is now concealed in a closet behind the bathroom mirror and provides 150 litres of hot water. The cylinder also provides low-temperature hot water for the radiant wall system and the underfloor heating that was installed in the kitchen and loft conversion. A gas condensing boiler was installed, instead of the biomass option, for back-up heating. It was over the solar array that the couple had their biggest battle with the local authority. Originally, they were told that the panels would have to be hidden on an east-facing roof – making them almost totally impractical – or blended into invisibility The period Victorian windows have been replaced with wooden Our project with the existing tiles. This lack of flexibility put the whole doubled-glazed ones to meet conservation requirements shows that project in jeopardy. Later, as local authorities apparently came under more pressure from government to approve lounge and hallway the floors were lifted and underlaid reducing CO2 eco-projects, Brighton and Hove Council removed its with 10cm of polystyrol insulation. The wood in the kitchen emissions by objection. could not be restored so a new tiled floor was laid with [more than “Not only did we get the green light, Brighton and underfloor heating and 10cm of insulation. Often, with Hove Council gave us a £1,000 grant for the solar panels so-called green projects, the original design intentions can 70 per cent] is on top of the government subsidy,” Stagl says. “The be lost once the building is occupied. Stagl and Kaufmann achievable planning officer even said they wished they had more have also taken on a lodger, which has meant the systems – Sigrid Stagl applications like ours.” have had to adapt, but overall they believe the efficiencies The boiler is switched off between May and September, are still achievable in the long run. when all hot water is provided by the south-facing solar “You do learn, of course, as you go and having other system. “It feels nice to take a shower with water that people in the house with different preferences – for was heated by the sun; it’s a bit silly, because physically example, 230C-plus for day and night) the water feels the same, but it still seems to make a makes the system quite a bit less efficient as the boiler difference,” says Stagl. “Ideally we would have liked to runs through the night. User behaviour is important,” bring the whole house up to passive solar standards, which Stagl cautions. has been shown to be possible by projects in Austria, but it This experience has taught the couple that it might would have been much harder and our lack of experience have been better to avoid individual thermostats in each would have been even more of a problem.” room. “Easy access to temperature controls can lead to ‘silly’ behaviour – just because it’s possible,” Stagl adds. Glazing The shortage of suitably experienced installation firms The ageing, single-glazed windows, with U-values of meant the pair had to employ four different contractors at between four and five, were replaced by double-glazed different stages as “we could not find one who could do it soft-wood windows adapted to meet conservation area all in one go, let alone at an affordable price”. requirements. (U-value of the glass is 1.1, and of whole However, they believe that the lessons learnt, and the window including the frame 1.3.) Six additional windows number of interested contractor visitors both to the house were added in the south wall to improve the amount of and the couple’s website, suggests the UK could soon natural light and to provide passive solar heating, along have a larger population of installers capable of taking on with five roof lights in the loft extension. The original this kind of project. l MARCH 09 - GROWTH INDUSTRY:66x190wooden floors were10/2/09 retained 16:13as far as Pagepossible. 1 In the http:/home2.btconnect.com/eco-refurbishment Growth Industry 1MXWYFMWLM)PIGXVMGEVIPIEHMRKQERYJEGXYVIVWSJenergy efficient LIEXMRKERHGSSPMRKW]WXIQWZIRXMPEXMSR W]WXIQWERHTLSXSZSPXEMGW]WXIQW[LMGLLIPTreduce both carbon emissions and running costs SJ GSQQIVGMEPERHVIWMHIRXMEPFYMPHMRKW'SRXMRYEPHIZIPSTQIRXIREFPIWSYVTVSHYGXWXSLIPTMRGSQTP]MRK [MXLRI[PIKMWPEXMSRERH[MXLXLIKVS[MRKHIQERHJSVKVIEXIVWYWXEMREFMPMX] 'EPP01707 282880

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36 CIBSE Journal April 2009 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEapr09 pp32-33,34,36.indd 36 2/4/09 15:00:28 NICEIC registered electricians are the business

For peace of mind on your next project make sure you specify an NICEIC registered contractor

See your local Yellow Pages or visit www.findanelectrician.info

www.cibsejournal.com April 2009 CIBSE Journal 37

p37_CIBSEMagApr09.indd 37 30/3/09 09:16:55 Frontal assault Architects are taking more of a back seat in the design of building façades as the UK slowly catches up with best practice overseas, writes Ewen Rose All pictures courtesy of BMW of courtesy pictures All

38 CIBSE Journal April 2009 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEapr09 pp38-40 facade.indd 38 2/4/09 15:00:50 Buildings Façades The BMW world building in Munich, Germany, has a 36,700 sq m integrated façade

he time of the mechanical engineer is upon us. According to some experts, it is essential that this discipline is involved from the start of any design project to ensure the façade performs Tcorrectly. So says Sean Affleck of Make Architects: “M&E specialists are vital for façade design as their early involvement allows us to integrate the building services with solid façades. “A few years ago, structural engineers jumped in and took the lead, but now it’s [the turn of mechanical engineers] because the façade is the biggest influence on the services and vice versa,” Affleck told a recent Society of Façade Engineering conference. It is commonplace in Germany for there to be collaboration between different engineering disciplines to deliver better façade design, and also for wider use of façades with integrated heating and cooling systems. However, this kind of collaboration is a rarity in the UK despite the similar weather conditions, according to experts. John Ahern of the Royal Institution of British Architects believes the British approach to design is holding back the wider use of integrated façade. “If you are going to use an integrated façade you must design

John Ahern of the Royal Institution of British Architects believes the British approach to design is holding back the wider use of integrated facades

it in from the outset, but because of our construction process you rarely get services experts involved early enough,” he says. “It also requires clients to pay more money up front for more detailed testing early in the project.” The planning process is also seen by some as a hindrance to this approach. It is relatively easy for the big, signature architects to get planning approval for something innovative like an integrated façade, but it is harder for smaller practices to demonstrate buildability on more run-of-the-mill projects. The lack of competition in the market is also a problem as specifiers prefer to be able to compare suppliers’ products and there are very few integrated façade systems available in the UK, it is argued. However, architectural practice Josef Gartner has been supplying this type of solution to the German market for more than 40 years. Bernhard Rudolf, an architect with the firm, points to the success of a 37,600 sq m integrated façade installed in the BMW ??????? World building in Munich. This steel frame façade includes heating, sprinklers and electrical services. He says this type of curtain walling can deliver better heat and cool-air distribution, as well as more- even temperatures across the occupied space because >

www.cibsejournal.com April 2009 CIBSE Journal 39

CIBSEapr09 pp38-40 facade.indd 39 2/4/09 15:00:59 Buildings Façades

“These wet and warm surfaces are also ideal for growing plants, so you can create a living façade that changes colour with the seasons, and also provides natural cooling,” Affleck says. Architects are more aware of the importance of using modules to provide greater solidity to the structure, which can also deliver better solar control while also ensuring that buildings are self-shading. Graham Dodd of consultancy Arup says it is now possible for façade design to be more creative and less energy-intensive because designers have access to a wider pallet of materials. “We must look at how facades can become energy producers rather than just being passive filters of light, heat and sound. Façades must be able to pay back their energy debt.” Arup is developing a tool that helps designers select façade materials based on their energy performance. They are working towards greater use of phase- change materials that are extremely light, but replicate the performance of more traditional, heavier alternatives. The sophisticated reflective properties of > of the much larger surface area. As a result, heating The BMW World building, electrochromic shading, for example, put the building temperatures are also much lower, thereby reducing above and below, has a steel in complete control of the progress of energy in and energy consumption and avoiding condensation. These frame façade that includes out of the occupied space. Aerogel insulation is another sprinkers, heaters and systems can automatically switch between heating and electrical services, delivering developing concept that gives excellent insulation cooling without any need for system changes. better heat and cool-air performance from a very low-mass material. Interior designers and fit-out teams like this distribution “If you simply reflect energy back out of the building, approach because there is no need for radiators, then it is wasted,” Dodd insists. “We have to get to the Rudolf points out. Having water continually flowing point at which PV [photovoltaic] panels become cheap through hollow sections in the façade also provides enough to completely clad a building so we can gather fire protection by keeping the steel members cool, the energy and convert it into something useful.” although many UK local authorities still seem He adds that façade designers are moving towards unwilling to accept that this removes the need for a cradle-to-cradle model, eliminating the concept of many of the fire-safety services demanded as part of waste and learning from nature.“Being less bad is the planning process. no longer good enough,” he says. “We must get to a Rudolf argues that designers must recognise that point where we are not throwing stuff away, but are you can’t heat higher than 60°C with an integrated re-using materials and components – we must design façade, and that the cooling temperature is limited by for dismantling, not demolition.” l the dew point. However, the availability of this type of advanced design approach means architects can look beyond the vast amounts of glazing still being used in modern buildings, according to Make’s Affleck, who calls for the industry to be more flexible. “With building design there is never a completely right answer, but there is definitely a wrong one,” he says. “People are obsessed with views, yet we regularly see that the blinds are drawn as occupants desperately try to reduce the impact of solar glare and to preserve their privacy. “We need to use light more cleverly. What is wrong with blanking out part of the window to improve the insulation? That way we can improve the building’s performance and still preserve the view.” Make is designing façades to work as cooling by collecting rainwater that is then channelled through the to create evaporative cooling, which can work well in conjunction with chilled beams, for example.

40 CIBSE Journal April 2009 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEapr09 pp38-40 facade.indd 40 2/4/09 15:01:12 WATER HEATERS | RENEWABLE PACKAGES

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www.cibsejournal.com April 2009 CIBSE Journal 41

Cistermister.indd 1 17/3/09 15:41:24 p41_CIBSEMagApr09.indd 41 30/3/09 09:19:46 Sustainability Case study

he Margam Discovery Environmental Centre aims to showcase renewable energy in action. It combines sustainable performance with the educational role of informing visitors about low- carbonT design. The council’s vision for the Discovery Centre – which is due to open this month at Margam Park in South Wales Green and operated by the Field Studies Council – is to support the wider community and educational activities within the park. It includes an environmentally-sustainable visitor centre and sustainable energy showcase centre. discoveries The Discovery Centre comprises single-storey One of the best ways to show how a building accommodation which includes teaching labs, WCs, kitchen, refectory and reception, plus a two-storey is environmentally friendly is to use the residential block. Most of the single-storey accommodation technology involved as a teaching aid. is supported off the ground on stilts. The residential area is made up of a two-storey A notable example of this is a new local accommodation block with 34 en-suite bedrooms, with authority discovery centre in South Wales, facilities for disabled people and those with special needs. The building also houses an area for the public including writes Paul Haddlesey a reception, public toilets and changing facilities. Enhancing the centre’s educational role, many of the building services have been made highly visible with graphical displays of energy consumption and savings. “The timber framed building is a flagship development which had sustainability as a guiding theme from its very inception,” says senior mechanical engineer Sarah Gealy, of consultancy Faber Maunsell | AECOM. “The development is a highly visible symbol of recognition in Wales and illustrates how sustainability can play a key role in the future development of all buildings. As such, it is a working example of how inspired design and quality of construction can deliver exceptional value and sustainability.”

Off-site build For maximum efficiency and to minimise environmental impact, the timber-framed building has been largely constructed off site, using timber from sustainable sources and prefabricated modules being assembled on site. To minimise heat loss and the need for mechanical services, the building has been insulated to standards in excess of Building Regulations requirements. The external walls have a design u-value of 0.23 W/m2K, while the roofs and floors have design u-values below 0.15 W/m2K. Space heating in the teaching block is provided by an underfloor heating system served by a 150kW wood pellet biomass boiler, which also serves radiators in the accommodation block. As there is considerable fluctuation in occupancy levels of the residential accommodation, the space heating in these rooms is controlled in relation to occupancy while maintaining frost protection when rooms are unoccupied. The boiler is designed to meet 50 per cent of peak heating loads and is expected to meet all heating requirements through most of the year, using locally sourced wood pellets derived from wood waste. Wood pellets for the biomass boiler are stored in a high capacity

All pictures courtesy of Faber Maunsell | AECOM AECOM | Maunsell Faber of courtesy pictures All external silo to minimise frequency of deliveries and

42 CIBSE Journal April 2009 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEapr09 pp42-43 centre.indd 42 2/4/09 15:01:32 thus reduce the carbon footprint of the site even further. The Margam Discovery detection is used in all areas of variable occupancy. All Another important consideration in the design was Environmental Centre in services are controlled through a building management South Wales, above and left, that the buildings should offer low cost of ownership. system, with extensive monitoring of energy consumption recently opened, aims to be A key element of this is automation of the fuel supply a showcase for renewable to ensure that systems are operating at maximum to the boiler, where minimum input is required from energy in action efficiency. maintenance staff. Ash created by the biomass boiler is “A key element of the centre’s purpose was that visitors used as a fertiliser on the surrounding grounds. should be able to see the services that contribute to its As biomass is considered to be a carbon-neutral low-energy performance and understand more about low fuel, the use of a biomass boiler has been predicted to carbon technologies in real situations,” explained Siân reduce CO2 emissions by 40 per cent, giving the centre Lewis, senior electrical engineer at Faber. “Consequently, a predicted carbon footprint of less than 10kg of CO2/ all of the renewable technologies are designed to be visible m2 a year. to visitors to demonstrate the benefits of renewable energy. The centre required a mains gas supply for the kitchens, For example, the solar water heating system is linked to so the designers decided to optimise performance a display monitor with a graphical representation of the of heating plant by including a gas-fired condensing system’s operation,” she continued. boiler. Supplementing the biomass boiler in winter, “Similarly, a plasma monitor in reception, linked this uses the low-return water temperatures from the to the BMS, will provide visual displays of a range of underfloor heating to maximise condensing. Hot water energy parameters. The biomass boiler and silo are also in the teaching block is provided by solar thermal panels, very visible through an inspection window between the supplemented by the boiler plant when necessary. Hot The project reception area and the energy centre,” she added. water for the accommodation block is provided by the While financial constraints prevented the use of boiler plant. has been photovoltaics (PVs) for power generation, a 50W PV characterised module has been installed as an interactive teaching aid. Natural ventilation by its need to This small scale system uses external pole-mounted PV The centre is designed to be mainly naturally ventilated modules to generate sufficient power to run a radio or via a combination of opening windows and automatic roof not only make desk lamp. lights, the latter being controlled via rain and temperature effective use “Throughout its design, the project has been sensors to prevent overheating in summer and provide of renewable characterised by its need to not only make effective occupant comfort. Mechanical ventilation is restricted to use of renewable and low carbon technologies to meet toilets and en-suite bathrooms to comply with Building and low carbon the sustainability criteria of the client, but also the Regulations. technologies, requirement to use these systems as teaching tools. While Rainwater is stored in a below-ground water tank and but also the this presented us with some design challenges, it also used for flushing WCs and urinals within the public made for a very interesting and satisfying project,” Gealy toilets. Mains cold water is used as a secondary source requirement concluded. l of supply to the tank to ensure minimum water levels to use these are maintained. systems as Collaborators The north-facing roof lights also help to maximise teaching tools The services were designed by the Cardiff office of Faber penetration of natural daylight while minimising solar Maunsell | AECOM working closely with client Neath Port heat gains. Daylight is supplemented by predominantly – Sarah Gealy Talbot County Borough Council, concept architects the fluorescent artificial lighting, using a combination of Welsh School of Architecture, and architects Loyn & Co. high frequency T5 sources in teaching areas and compact The project also received support from the Welsh fluorescent in accommodation areas. Assembly Government and was funded through a £5.6 In order to provide demand-controlled lighting, the million grant from the European Regional Development classroom lighting is linked to photocells to dim the Fund and Local Regeneration Fund. lighting in response to daylight levels, while occupancy

www.cibsejournal.com April 2009 CIBSE Journal 43

CIBSEapr09 pp42-43 centre.indd 43 2/4/09 15:01:42 44 CIBSE Journal April 2009 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEapr09 pp44,45,46,48_water.indd 44 2/4/09 15:48:38 Water heating Renewables

Getting into hot water Renewable water-heating technologies are becoming more of an attractive green option, but there are a number of pitfalls in trying to marry up different systems. Ian Vallely reports

s higher insulation standards and improved air tightness have reduced the demand for space heating, so hot water has become the dominant heat load in many modern Abuildings. As a result, water heating has started to move rapidly up the energy-saving agenda. The demand for better energy-saving performance has, in turn, led to an increase in the use of renewables such as solar thermal, and ground and air source heat pumps to preheat the cold water in water-heating systems. Yan Evans, technical director of boiler maker Baxi Commercial, says: “Rather than raising the water temperature using gas from, say, 100C to the preset temperature of 600C, you can preheat it with a renewable source. There appears “For example, if you size a solar thermal system to be a lack of correctly, you should hardly have to use any fossil fuel in the summer months. At other times, if you raise understanding the water temperature from, say, 10 to 200C using across the board solar thermal, you will reduce the building’s carbon – from clients, footprint.” Paul Marsden, UK sales manager of heater contractors and manufacturer Lochinvar, agrees that preheating with consultants – renewables is an environmentally-responsible strategy. about how to However, he also sees a danger: “Solar thermal and water heating are familiar technologies and most integrate solar people know they can incorporate both, but there thermal and appears to be a lack of understanding across the board water heating – from clients, contractors and consultants – about how to integrate the systems to get the best out of them systems for the money invested.” > – Paul Marsden

www.cibsejournal.com April 2009 CIBSE Journal 45

CIBSEapr09 pp44,45,46,48_water.indd 45 2/4/09 15:48:48 Water heating Renewables

> Indeed, the marriage of different technologies associated with water heating raises a number of issues, says Evans. “Every day now we see schematics across our desks containing a mixture of heat sources in the plant room. But this throws up difficult design issues. For example, if it is a split system, there will be boilers and water heaters. “You might also see combined heat and power (CHP), maybe a , and perhaps a biomass boiler. When you have a mixture of heat You can’t sources that have different limitations and different guarantee that hot water temperature outputs, you must make sure you are getting the most out of each individual piece of solar energy will technology and that they are not fighting each other.” be sufficient That is why the designer must be mindful of the to keep the performance benefits and limitations of the different pieces of equipment, Evans adds. “I think that, as a domestic hot consulting engineer, you have to develop a control water vessel strategy that allows you to get the best out of each at 600C individual technology and therefore the best out of the system as a whole.” – Kevin Stones He offers this example of the design difficulties associated with a system that includes CHP and solar Eco-Knight non-storage condensing water heater thermal: “You would size your CHP for the base load; CHP likes to have both space heating and hot water manufacturer Hoval: “You can use solar energy, but you loads because, in the summer, when there is no heating would also have, say, a coil in the cylinder linked to a load to sustain the operation of the CHP unit, it needs boiler or other heat generator to bring the temperature to have access to the hot water load. up if needs be.” “If you add a solar thermal system designed to satisfy summer hot water demand, then you are not Storage solution putting any load onto the CHP unit. And therein lies Alongside the rising use of renewables such as solar the problem – this mix of technologies could cause the thermal technology, there has been a significant growth CHP to cycle on and off – something the CHP engines in hot water storage. Take, for instance, an apartment don’t like. Equally, the solar system displaces natural block with 150 apartments. Rather than bringing solar gas, but the environmental benefit of the CHP unit is energy into individual apartments, it might make not the gas it is displacing; rather, it is the electricity more sense to have a central thermal store feeding the it is saving. The carbon emissions from electricity are apartments. However, more storage for preheating higher than those from gas. increases the risk of legionella, warns Stones: “You “So you are effectively using a renewable to switch can’t guarantee that solar energy will be sufficient to off a low carbon technology that has more of a carbon keep the contents of a calorifier or domestic hot water benefit than the renewable does.” vessel at 600C [to prevent legionella], so there is a need It is fairly common to separate the solar circuit for an anti-legionella pasteurisation cycle. from the domestic hot water supply and preheat “Some form of back-up heating facility will ensure the cold water going into the domestic hot water that the temperature of the vessel is lifted to ensure that cylinder. However, there is an alternative, according any legionella-type bugs that may be present are killed to Kevin Stones, engineering and services director of off. It’s not ideal because you lose the stratification in >

Renewables: Sources for water heating systems Solar thermal: There are, according Ground source heat pump (GSHP): This (ASHP): This takes to Lochinvar, two basic types of solar is an electrically-powered system that energy from the air and raises it to a higher thermal collectors – evacuated tube and uses the earth’s relatively constant ground temperature using a process which is flat plate. While the flat plate has been or temperature to provide similar to a reverse process. used extensively, especially in domestic heating, cooling and hot water. GSHPs According to one supplier, Danfoss, ASHPs properties, evacuated tube panels with their move heat that already exists. Results are are ideal for very tight spaces, as well as higher overall efficiency are better suited lower energy consumption, as well as lower within an eco-architectural design or within to our northern hemisphere climate. Some maintenance and life cycle costs. However, the design of a building that has large manufacturers have guides to solar thermal their initial cost can be higher than internal areas such as audience halls and systems installation and design. conventional systems. public places.

46 CIBSE Journal April 2009 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEapr09 pp44,45,46,48_water.indd 46 3/4/09 11:46:40 Working towards a cleaner future

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p47_CIBSEMagApr09.indd 47 30/3/09 09:20:47 Water Heating Renewables

When you have a mixture of heat sources that have different limitations and different hot water temperature outputs, you must make sure they are not fighting each other – Yan Evans

So it is important to consider the management of the risk of legionella carefully, says Evans: “For example, cycling at midnight might sound like a logical time to An example of a do it. But if you have a very well insulated solar cylinder solar collector and there is no draw off overnight, come six o’clock in the morning, when you have run your legionella cycle at midnight, there is no load to offer the solar on that day when the sun comes up.” When it comes to ‘clean’ or ‘dirty’ energy sources, Ant Wilson of consultancy Faber Maunsell | AECOM insists that consultants should “think electric” if they’re serious about sustainability. “At the moment, we say electricity is not sustainable because it is a secondary energy (because we use gas and coal to generate it). But if we didn’t use these fuel sources, electricity would not be seen as dirty,” he says. “You might say electricity is too expensive to heat water, but if you went onto, say, a half-hourly tariff, you > the vessel that helps the .” But it has to could take advantage of cheap electricity.” That implies be done in accordance with UK water and health and a need for water storage because it would involve using safety regulations, he points out. electricity directly, like a kettle. If you are preheating a direct-fired storage water There is an alternative way of using electricity, heater, then the water heater will be storing the water says Wilson: “You could use an air-to-water heat at 600C. Typically once a week the solar control unit is pump. If we can put in one unit of electricity and made to switch on a shunt pump that moves the hot get out three units of heat – and some of the newer water at 600C between the storage inside the water heat pumps allow this – then surely a heat pump heater to the bottom of the preheat cylinder to kill any solution driven by electricity would be a good way legionella that may be present. to heat hot water. Linking this with a large store However, Evans adds: “Some people get a little to flatten out the demand for electricity could then paranoid about legionella. They like to run legionella save money.” l cycles every day. If you take your solar thermal up to temperature via that route once a day you are effectively The CIBSE Solar heating design and installation guide taking the load away from the solar thermal system, (Domestic Building Services Panel) is available from negating its effectiveness.” the CIBSE Bookshop at www.cibse.org

Dry cycling Saving energy through intelligent control Even when standard controls and a building from the boiler, without contributing to the “Intelligent boiler load optimisation is management system are in place, many building heating and hot water demand. able to recognise and identify dry cycling by boilers waste energy through dry cycling, Willis says: “Taking effective control constantly monitoring the boiler’s thermal according to Tony Willis (pictured), technical of dry cycling can reduce the boiler’s fuel response to changing loads every 10 sales director with Sabien consumption by as much as 25 per cent, the seconds. Technology. However, operative word being ‘effective’. To do so it’s “Two digital temperature probes measure he claims that his necessary to optimise the system through and monitor the boiler flow and return company has a solution. intelligent analysis of the boiler’s flow and temperatures. The onboard software Dry cycling occurs return water temperatures. This can be calculates the temperature gradient over when boilers fire to achieved by retrofitting an ‘intelligent boiler time and determines when the boiler should compensate load optimisation’ system that will minimise fire for true building/heating demand and for standard dry cycling while ensuring the boiler’s when it should remove/inhibit unnecessary heat losses designed set point temperature. boiler firing and energy consumption.”

48 CIBSE Journal April 2009 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEapr09 pp44,45,46,48_water.indd 48 2/4/09 15:49:22 Multipoint – unvented water heating A range of mains pressure water heaters, installed at the point of use for multiple sink and basin applications such as washrooms in offices, restaurants, bars and sports clubs.

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www.cibsejournal.com April 2009 CIBSE Journal 49

p49_CIBSEMagApr09.indd 49 30/3/09 09:21:46 Guiding light Shutterstock

Most lighting-design schemes are overseen general overview of lighting, and that is what the SLL Lighting Handbook is designed to do.” by generalists who need an easily accessible Launched in the centenary year of the Illuminating guide they can use on site. A new handbook Engineering Society, a forerunner of the SLL, the new handbook is the first step in making general lighting has just been launched to fulfil this and information more accessible, according to co-author other needs, writes Paul Haddlesey Peter Raynham: “To that end, it has been designed to be a genuine handbook that will easily fit in a briefcase and can be taken out to site.” ou could be a student seeking a general Boyce adds: “It’s not aimed at very experienced lighting overview of lighting design. Or you might designers as most of them already have this knowledge, be at the other end of the professional ladder and although many more lighting schemes are being – a specialist in a particular field of lighting given to specialist designers, these still only account for whoY wants to apply your knowledge in a different way. about five per cent of lighting designs in the UK. The authors of a new lighting handbook say that their “As a result, the majority of lighting designs publication can meet a wide range of needs through its are carried out by people who do not specialise in practical, accessible approach to design. lighting, but would like to have the knowledge to The SLL Lighting Handbook, described as the first of think about their designs more broadly. Or they its kind, has been published to plug a gap in existing may be specifying lighting to comply with a certain Society of Light and Lighting (SLL) publications. lighting guide, but lack the knowledge to fully evaluate “We already have the Code for Lighting, which explains the proposals. design criteria and how to perform calculations; and we “In addition, there are lighting designers have the lighting Guides, which go into great detail on who are very experienced in a particular field – such specific applications,” explains co-author Peter Boyce. as church or theatre lighting – who get involved in “However, there was nothing in between to provide a other types of lighting occasionally. They will

50 CIBSE Journal April 2009 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEapr09 pp50-51 lighting.indd 50 2/4/09 15:02:04 Lighting Handbook

also find this very useful.” Another role for the handbook is that of a general lighting textbook for students. “While there are many good lighting textbooks around, there is no book that brings all of this information together in a single place,” explains Raynham.

Light and vision The handbook is divided into three main sections – fundamentals, technology, and lighting applications. The contents page provides detailed sub-sections for each of the three, so that a particular requirement can be easily found. Fundamentals focuses on information about light and vision. This section covers photometry and explains the terminology commonly used in lighting design. As such, it will be a valuable resource for those who are involved in basic lighting designs using software to carry out calculations without necessarily understanding the terminology used in the software. This new This is followed by a detailed sub-section on vision, guide will explaining the working of the eye and how it adapts to address around different light conditions and the significance of spatial, temporal and colour thresholds. Important factors 90 per cent such as photopic, scotopic and mesopic vision are also of the lighting explained in relation to the different visual responses section are chapters on control gear, luminaire design schemes that to light sources with varying spectral composition. Just and lighting controls, each including a general as importantly, it discusses the factors that contribute description followed by more detailed information. people will to visual discomfort and how lighting design can In fact, this pattern of increasing complexity through come into minimise this. each chapter is consistent throughout the publication, contact with Section two of the publication is concerned with the enabling people to dip into the basics – such as underlying technology of lighting; encompassing light factors to consider for a particular application – at – Peter Raynham sources, control gear, lighting controls and luminaire the beginning of a chapter and then proceed to more design. The chapter on light sources ranges from the detailed information if they wish. ways in which visible and non-visible radiation are The applications section consists mainly of produced, via the various mechanisms that can cause overviews of different types of lighting – industrial, luminescence to the types of lamps in common use. office, retail, and so on. There is also a separate chapter Each major type of light source is described in on emergency lighting. detail, taking in spectral compositions and how light is The purpose of these sections is to provide an produced, as well as how the lamps are manufactured overview that will cover the main points for each and implications of the construction on lamp life and application, with references to where more detailed efficacy. Lamp characteristics are also summarised in information can be found. For example, the chapter a ‘quick reference’ table. on sports lighting includes the general principles “We often find that people who are only involved in and goes into more depth for the most popular sports lighting design don’t fully understand how factors such that require lighting. Readers are then referred to the as wattage can impact on the luminous efficacy for the SLL Lighting Guide 4: Sports Lighting, should they same type of light source,” Boyce says. “This section require more specific information. of the handbook will help those people understand the “Each section has about 10 to 12 pages, whereas implications of changing such design parameters.” the more detailed lighting Guides may have over 100 pages, so the two work well together,” Raynham says. Nature of daylight “As such, it will address around 90 per cent of the Daylight as a light source is also addressed in detail, lighting schemes that people will come into contact with an emphasis on understanding how the availability with, and they will have to turn to the lighting Guides and nature of daylight vary through the day and for the remaining 10 per cent.” l through the year. There is also an additional chapter on the subject of daylighting in the applications section The SLL Lighting Handbook is available from the that addresses ways of introducing daylight as well as end of April at the CIBSE bookshop, www.cibse.org the complications that daylight can cause, such as glare For information about the SLL, visit the society’s website at www.sll.org.uk and solar heat gains. Also included in the technology

www.cibsejournal.com April 2009 CIBSE Journal 51

CIBSEapr09 pp50-51 lighting.indd 51 2/4/09 15:02:14 Products & Services Telephone: 020 7324 2787 Email: [email protected]

DeltaChill high-efficiency air Biggest fan turns to biggest cooled fan manufacturer Fläkt Woods has completed refurbishment work on what is believed to be the world’s largest fan, part of the giant S1MA, the biggest transonic wind tunnel in the world located at the ONERA facility in Modane, France. A major fan upgrade was required, and the bulk of the work involved replacing the two giant counter-rotating fans (15m in diameter, the problems of wear and tear of the blades. weighing 58 tons per impeller and requiring After nearly four years of extensive work, the 88 MW power). project is now complete, and energy savings Airedale has launched a brand new range of The contract to replace impellers was above 10 per cent have been obtained. high-efficiency air cooled R410A chillers. awarded to Fläkt Woods after engineers l Visit www.flaktwoods.com/uk or call A compact, quiet and highly-efficient chiller demonstrated detailed solutions to overcome 01206 222549 with a distinctive ‘V’ frame, modular coil-fan arrangement, the DeltaChill has excellent part- load efficiencies and configuration flexibility, as well as easy maintenance access. Classroom Optional EC fan technology integrated ventilation units with smart control logic such as interactive Aircraft air handling head pressure setpoint management and 260mm high. Silenced to compressor sequencing raises the DeltaChill’s nr25. Plate recuperater 60 per cent seasonal efficiency ESEERs* to over 4.5. efficient. Air Volume 0-500 litre/s. Offering 100 to 450kW nominal cooling Heating LPHW/ELECTRIC. capacities across 42 models, the Deltachill Cooling CW/DX. Larger air volumes delivers an adaptable cooling solution for and bespoke units available. a wide range of close control, comfort and l Visit www.aircraftair process applications. Configuration flexibility handling.com also enables selection of the optimum model. l Call 0113 2391000 or email marketing@ airedale.com

Fläkt Woods launches a new dedicated supply chain means that eQ can A lesson in fuel efficiency AHU range meet the needs of the most urgent projects. A new fuel- Fläkt Woods has launched a new The flexible design, energy-efficient efficient heating eQ range of air handling components and brilliant system has units, which will replace the control system provides a new been installed company’s EU range. benchmark for the industry. to replace the The eQ is even better than The intelligent casing existing 27-year- the EC range. It is available in design and energy-efficient old boilers at 17 sizes with airflows ranging components make the eQ Ashville College from 0.1–9 m3/s, and the cost-effective. It is suitable in Harrogate. Two majority of the components for installations in industrial Buderus GB312 are made in-house. premises and public buildings, 200kW output, The range covers every possible as well as dwellings, schools, offices, floor standing, need, from single supply air units to shops and hospitals. condensing integrated solutions with heat recovery and l Visit www.flaktwoods.com/uk or call boilers now meet all the heating requirements advanced controls. Clever design and a 01206 222549 for the entire building. The Buderus GB312 boiler is a high performance, condensing boiler with an BTU (Heating) Limited are the advanced cast-aluminium ‘Toast of Surrey 2009’ which provides efficiencies of up to 108 per BTU (Heating) Limited, part of the BTU cent (NVC). Six outputs are available from Group of Companies, Guildford, has won the 90kW to 280kW and boilers can be fitted Toast of Surrey Business Awards 2009, for individually or as part of a pre-assembled its ‘outstanding contribution to the Surrey 2-boiler cascade kit. Multiple low-NOx business community’. pre-mix burners provide a wide modulation Paul Merritt, chief executive of the BTU range making the GB312 flexible enough to Group of Companies, accepted the award. suit a variety of commercial installations. Its BTU (Heating) Limited installed the UK’s Energy Project of Year at the H&V Awards in compact dimensions, and relative light weight first operational fuel cell system in 2004. 2008. BTU is interested in negotiations for make it easy to transport. A fully-insulated It has recently contributed to the LEPA the implementation of the Clinton Climate casing minimises thermal losses, and makes Renewable Energy Programme for the London Change programme through the application the boiler whisper quiet. l Fire Brigade, which won the Renewable of energy-efficient technologies. Call 01543 419284 or email [email protected]

52 CIBSE Journal April 2009 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEapr09 pp52-53 products.indd 52 2/4/09 15:04:49 Products & Services Telephone: 020 7324 2787 Email: [email protected] The new CIBSE Grundfos visit the NEC New hotel room controller from When the NEC was MHI makes it easier to chill out Young opened in 1976, it Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) has heralded the way for launched a simplified, easy to use air a new generation of conditioning controller designed for use in exhibition sites. Over hotel rooms. The RCH-E3 is based on the Members the intervening years, well-established the exhibition centre RC-E3 controller, The NEC, home of Crufts and central arena which has been blog have seen many additional structures added. proven in use with The forum and arena areas are currently MHI’s VRF systems. undergoing a £28m redevelopment that will The new hotel room create new hospitality areas, bars, restaurants, control panel retains Register Now! improved backstage areas and extra seating, the best features of bringing the main arena capacity to 14,000. the existing model, • Have your say on Part of the redevelopment includes the including the easy-to- upgrading of the M+E system, and this is read LCD display and what matters to you! where Grundfos Pumps has been able to offer installer-friendly two- its expertise. wire installation, but only has the functions • Get exclusive Grundfos, which worked with consultants which a hotel guest will need. Hulley & Kirkwood and contractors W T Mitsubishi Heavy’s RCH-E3 offers the discounts on CIBSE Parker, supplied a wide range of products user control over on/off operation and publications. via Pipe Center. The pumps and booster sets fan speed, but users are unable to dial in plus ancillary equipment will fully update the excessive temperature settings which could heating and systems. reduce system efficiency. User adjustment of • Be the first to know By selecting Grundfos variable-speed pumps, cooling and heating is restricted to a range of what’s new in the the new arena and forum areas can be assured 16 to 30 degrees. The programmable timer that the Grundfos pump solution will not only functionality has also been removed from the young members meet the huge variation in demand, but will new unit – this, and other advanced functions, e-newsletter. do so in an energy-efficient way. are also controlled centrally through the l Call 01525 850000 or email: uk-sales@ hotel’s BMS. • Free to join. grundfos.com l Visit www.mhie.com for more details

Energy expert aims for eco- efficiency in his home Register at Dr Michael Lamperth of Imperial College www.cibseyoungmembers.co.uk London is a world-renowned developer of energy-efficient vehicle technologies. He has equipped his family home with a super-efficient home heating system featuring solar heated hot water and a wireless Honeywell CM Zone system for control of individual radiators. These controls avoid energy wastage by heating rooms only when needed and then only to a preset temperature for the time of day. zones, depending on when they are used. This “The Honeywell wireless CM Zone ensures only rooms being used are heated to control system transmits from a central temperatures necessary for comfort. unit to wireless controllers on radiators,” l Visit www.cm-zone.com or call he explained. “It groups rooms as heating 01344 656511

Lumicom sees upsurge in demand services, in terms of both requesting advice According to luminaire recycling specialist and sending luminaires for recycling. Lumicom, the last six months has seen A not-for-profit accreditation body, Lumicom significant growth in the number of is able to act on behalf of many different organisations taking advantage of its recycling lighting manufacturers, providing a single point of contact and a simple and transparent process for both end users and manufacturers. Lumicom can take end-to-end responsibility for the compliant disposal of luminaires, backed by a comprehensive audit trail, and it is responsible for handling the majority of discarded luminaires in the UK. l Visit www.lumicom.co.uk or call 020 8642 3887

www.cibsejournal.com April 2009 CIBSE Journal 53

CIBSEapr09 pp52-53 products.indd 53 2/4/09 15:05:05 Directory Your guide to building services suppliers Telephone: 020 7324 2787 Email: [email protected] or [email protected]

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54 CIBSE Journal April 2009 www.cibsejournal.com

Directory April.indd 54 2/4/09 11:09:39 CPD Programme CPD Programme

The CIBSE Journal CPD Programme programme is free and can be used by any Members of the Chartered Institution of reader. It is organised jointly by CIBSE Journal Building Services Engineers (CIBSE) and other and London South Bank University, and will professional bodies are required to maintain help you to meet CIBSE’s requirement for their professional competence throughout CPD. It will equally assist members of other their careers. Continuing Professional institutions, who should record CPD activities Development (CPD) means the systematic in accordance with their institution’s guidance. maintenance, improvement and broadening Simply study the module and complete the of your knowledge and skills, and is therefore questionnaire on the final page, following the a long-term commitment to enhancing your instructions for its submission. Modules will competence. CPD is a requirement of both remain available online at www.cibsejournal. CIBSE and the Register of the Engineering com/cpd while the information they contain Council (UK). remains current. You can also undertake the CIBSE Journal is pleased to offer this questionnaire online, and receive your results module in its CPD Programme. The back by return email.

The properties of air If there is a need to examine the performance of a ventilation or air conditioning system, or simply a requirement to understand the condition of the atmosphere in and around the built environment, it is important to have an understanding of the properties of air, and specifically of humid air. These psychrometric properties provide a common method of analysing the changes in temperature and moisture content – and consequently energy – that take place in every heating, ventilation or air conditioning (HVAC) system in a building. This article will look at the basic parameters that combine to provide a psychrometric toolkit. A later article will consider the applications of these properties using the psychrometric chart.

ir is normally considered to be a definitions of the symbols). This equation example, using the information from Figure mix of dry air and water vapour. allows calculation of the properties of gases 1, the gas constant for dry air is given by ‘Normal’ dry air itself is mainly under different pressures and temperatures. R0 /M = 8314.7 / 28.97 = 287 J.kg-1·K-1. The nitrogen (N2) and oxygen (O2) The value of R, the specific gas constant, may molecular mass of water vapour is 18 and Awith traces of argon (Ar), carbon dioxide be obtained for any gas by considering the so the specific gas constant may be obtained -1 -1 (CO2) and other gases (see Table 1). Water molecular mass, M, of each of the constituent from 8314.7 / 18 = 461 J·kg ·K vapour (H2O) constitutes about 0.40 per cent gases where R = R0 /M and R0 is the Universal These relationships can also be usefully of the whole global atmosphere and typically Gas Constant of 8314.7 J·kg-1·mol-1 K-1. For employed to examine the properties of makes up one to four per cent of the mass other gas mixtures – as might be found, Gas Molar Proportion Mass of the combined air mixture at the Earth’s for example, in controlled specialist mass fraction surface. The molecular actions of the gases environments. 28 x 0.7803 = 21.86 combining together have been determined N2 The air dry bulb temperature, θ (°C), is by the Gas Laws and it is assumed that for O2 32 x 0.2099 = 6.704 the temperature measured using a standard the work in HVAC these ‘ideal gas law’ Ar 40 x 0.0094 = 0.376 thermometer that is shielded from any relationships are valid. From these laws, CO2 44 x 0.0003 = 0.013 radiant heating or cooling effects. (And, of the characteristic equation for any gas is Average molecular mass 28.97 course, is most frequently sensed using an given by pV = mRT (see box overleaf for Table 1 – The Molecular Mass of Dry Air electrical or electronic device.) >

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CIBSEapr09 pp55-58 cpd.indd 55 4/2/09 3:08:40 PM CPD Programme

> As with any gas, the moving molecules Dry bulb thermometer of water vapour in the air exert a pressure.

This vapour pressure, pV (measured in pa or mbar), is related to the mass of water vapour in the air – the more molecules present, the higher the vapour pressure. If molecules of water vapour were to be continually added to a volume of static air (for example, from a room ) then at some point the air would not be able to support any more molecules – the air is said to be saturated at Wetted wick Wet bulb thermometer that point and any further water molecules added will simply condense out. The saturated Water reservoir vapour pressure, p , will have been reached s Freely rotating handle – the actual value of this is related to the dry bulb temperature of the air; air with a higher dry bulb temperature will have a greater Figure 1 – Sling psychrometer potential to hold water vapour, and so will have a higher saturated vapour pressure. The produce similar values and are practically the thermometer’s bulb, so reducing the vapour in humid interchangeable for HVAC calculations. temperature as read from the stem of the

air compared, as a percentage, with the Specific , h (kJ / kgda), is the heat thermometer. The fewer molecules of water saturated vapour pressure of air at the same content of humid air per kg dry air – it is vapour in the air (and hence the lower the temperature gives the relative humidity, Φ relative to the enthalpy dry air at 0°C. Air with air vapour pressure), the more molecules of

(%) and Φ = pv / p s x 100%. higher temperature and / or with moisture water will be able to evaporate into it from The partial pressure of the water vapour will have a positive specific enthalpy (more the thermometer’s wetted surface bulb and adds to the partial pressures of the other commonly referred to as simply ‘enthalpy’). so the lower the wet bulb temperature. gases in the air, to produce the atmospheric The range of conditions likely in HVAC The difference in the value of the wet bulb

pressure, pa, so giving pa = pda + pS (this enthalpy can be estimated from h = (1.005 temperature compared with the air’s dry bulb relationship is known as Dalton’s Law) – the θ) + g (1.89 θ + 2501); however, more precise temperature, (θ – θ') (K), is known as the wet standard value of atmospheric pressure is results may be obtained using relationships bulb depression, (wet bulb is always less than taken as 1013.25mbar (101.325 kPa). The is CIBSE Guide C 2007. or equal to dry bulb temperature). Dry bulb atmospheric pressure will alter with both The thermodynamic wet bulb temperature, temperature and wet bulb depression tables weather and location and so the relative effect θ' (°C), is a useful means of determining the (or calculations) can be used to determine of the vapour pressure will also change. moisture content of the air at a particular dry the air moisture content. The recording The mass of the water vapour in 1 kg of bulb temperature. The wet bulb temperature of the wet bulb temperature is commonly dry air is termed the moisture content g is the temperature that a sample of air would undertaken in two ways – the screen wet

(kg/kgda) – this is really a ‘vapour’ content reach if it had a fine spray of water added bulb, θ'sc – and the much more useful sling and information from the USA will refer to it (the water being at the air dry bulb wet bulb θ'sl. The two values are likely to vary to this as humidity ratio. To avoid errors temperature) without any external heat being slightly from each other. The screen wet bulb in writing down small numbers associated added or taken away (this is known as an is recorded by a static wet bulb thermometer

with moisture content, the units of g / kgda are adiabatic process). Some of the sprayed water placed in air (frequently outdoors in a frequently used in place of kg / kgda (1g/kgda will evaporate into the air – the heat to cause Stevenson’s Screen), and the sling wet bulb = 0.001kg / kgda). that evaporation being taken from the air is measured where there is air movement As an example of using the relationship itself and so the air dry bulb temperature will across the thermometer’s bulb (ensuring that pV = mRT, the moisture content, g, of drop until the point where the air is saturated any evaporated water is carried away from a mixture of dry air and water vapour may (with water vapour). At this point the dry bulb the bulb and so does not locally increase the be found from a knowledge of the partial temperature = wet bulb temperature, and the vapour pressure). These measurements may pressures in the air. So: air is said to have reached its dew point: if the be undertaken in a number of ways including mass water vapour / mass of associated air dry bulb temperature is then reduced, or the Sling Psychrometer (see Figure 1) and the

dry air = ms/ma and since more water vapour is added to the air, then Aspirated Hygrometer. pV = mRT, then m = pV / RT, and so (ps V / R s condensation will occur. T) / (pa V / R a T) = (Ra / R s) x (ps / p da) = 287 / 461 Practically, the wet bulb temperature is Obtaining the properties ps / ( p a - ps) = 0.622 ps / ( p a - ps). measured with a thermometer with a wetted CIBSE Guide C (2007) has lists of the values By comparing the moisture content material wrapped (or more frequently a of all the properties of air as described above in humid air as a percentage, with the wick fed from a reservoir of distilled water) for various dry bulb temperatures. The guide moisture content of saturated air (at the same around the thermometer’s bulb at the same also includes sets of equations that will allow temperature) the percentage saturation, µ, temperature as the air dry bulb temperature. determination of values for other gases that

may be determined where μ = g / gs x 100 per The evaporation (or drying) of the water may be used in spreadsheets or computer cent. The numerical values of percentage from the wick into the surrounding air programmes to the Characteristic Equation may saturation, μ, and relative humidity, Φ, needs energy, and this is mainly taken from be used in conjunction with the Gas Laws.

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5 120 125 130 135 140 11

0 11 PERCENTAGE SATURATION 5 Figure 2 – Standard CIBSE Psychrometric Chart 10 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 0·030 0 0.90 10 0·029

95 30 0·028

140 90 0·027

85 0·026 135 0.1 0·025 0.2 SENSIBLE/TOTAL HEAT 80 0.3 RATIO FOR WATER 0·024 130 0.4 ADDED AT 30°C 75 0·023 0.5 -1

0·022 125 0.6 .kg 70 0.7 65 0·021 0.8 25

0.9 120 60 0·020 1.0 ALPY / kJ 0.9 0·019 0.8 55 0.7 0·018 115 0.6 50 0·017

110 0.5 ) 0.4 SPECIFIC ENTH G 0.85 0·016 45 IN 0.3 L 20 40 S

0·015 105 0.2 ( 0.1 C ˚ / 0·014 35 E R

U 0·013 100 T 30 A R MOISTURE CONTENT E 0·012 WET- BULB TEMPERATURE / ˚C (SLING) P 15

M 95 E 0·011 25 T LB U 0·010 20 - B

T 90 15 E 0·009 W 10

0·008 85 10 0.80 0·007 5 5 0·006 80

0 0·005

0 0·004 75 -5 0·003 0.75 -5 -10 -10 0·002 70 0·001 0·000 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 DRY - BULB TEMPERATURE / ˚C 45 50 55 60 65 20 25 30 35 40 -10-5 0510 15 SPECIFIC ENTHALPY / kJ.kg-1

The psychrometric chart The parameters described so far are combined The application of the chart to processes With thanks to Dr Roger Legg for assistance to produce the psychrometric chart, which and systems will be explored in a future CPD with the material for this article dates back to empirical work undertaken article. © Tim Dwyer 2009 by James Glaisher in Greenwich in the first half of the 19th century. Glaisher had Temperature – Celsius °C – normal symbol θ (formerly ‘t’) problems reliably determining the wet bulb Absolute Temperature – Kelvin K (normal symbol T) – Kelvin is also frequently used to temperature – these problems arose from the denote a temperature difference differences between screen and sling wet bulb Energy – joule J temperatures. The chart was later refined by 1J = 1kg·m2·s-2 = 1 N·m others in the US, including the famous Willis energy to heat one gram of dry cool air by 1K Carrier at the beginning of the 20th century, by which time the uncertainties of wet Power – watt W (normal symbol P) bulb temperature measurement were well 1W = 1J·s-1 = 1kg·m2·s-3 understood. The form of the psychrometric Pressure – pascals Pa normal symbol p chart has changed little from the early 1 Pa = 1 N·m-2 (force per area) versions – the most visually significant Bar is frequently used as the unit 1 Bar = 1000mbar = 100000 Pa = 100kPa alteration being the changes in the units to Density – kg m-3 of TOTAL air (normal symbol ρ) SI for the CIBSE Chart, see Figure 2. 3 -1 The chart provides a convenient way of Specific volume – m ·kg of DRY air plus any associated water vapour (normal symbol v) examining the changes in the dependent Other symbols (not units) parameters in air as the air undergoes a V = volume, m3 process in a space (for example, heating and m = mass, kg -1 -1 humidification from occupants) or as it is R = Gas constant, J·kg ·K conditioned in an HVAC system. If any two Subscripts properties are known, then the others may v = water vapour be read from the chart – so, for example, in s = saturated the field this would typically be wet bulb and da = dry air dry bulb temperature measured with a sling See Section 6 of CIBSE Guide C 2007 for standard units, symbols and notation. psychrometer.

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CIBSEapr09 pp55-58 cpd.indd 57 4/2/09 3:09:01 PM CPD Programme

Module 3 April 2009

1. Based on the data in the article, what would the approximate Name (please print)...... specific gas constant be for nitrogen? Job title...... A 287 B 297 Organisation...... C 307 Address...... D 317 E 327 ......

2. Which of these is the most appropriate description of ...... saturated air? Postcode...... A Air that has some water vapour in it Email ...... B Air where the dry bulb temperature is less than the wet bulb temperature Are you a member of: C Air that if the dry bulb temperature is reduced condensation would occur CIBSE D Air where the percentage saturation is greater than the If so, please state your membership number relative humidity E Air where the vapour pressure is greater than the saturated (if available)...... vapour pressure Other institution 3. Based on the data in the article, if the atmospheric pressure (please state)...... is 101.325 kPa and the vapour pressure 1.325 kPa, what is the approximate moisture content of the air per kg dry air? To help us develop future CPD modules, please indicate your A 4.24 g/kg primary job activity:

B 5.24 g/kg Building Services Engineer C 6.24 g/kg Mechanical Engineer D 7.24 g/kg Electrical Engineer E 8.24 g/kg Commissioning Engineer Energy Manager 4. Which of these is the most accurate statement? Facilities Manager Other (please give details)...... A Wet bulb temperatures are a measure of radiant cooling B Wet bulb temperatures provide a direct measure of comfort By entering your details above, you agree that CIBSE may contact you from time to time with information about CPD and other training or professional development programmes, and C Wet bulb is higher than dry bulb for saturated air about membership of CIBSE if you are not currently a member. D Screen wet bulb is more accurate than sling wet bulb temperature E Wet bulb will be lower when the vapour pressure is reduced

5. The psychrometric chart dates back to work undertaken when? Please go to www.cibsejournal.com/cpd to complete this A Sometime between 1800 and 1850 questionnaire online. You will receive notification by email of successful completion, which can then be used to validate your B Sometime between 1850 and 1900 CPD records in accordance with your institution’s guidance. C Sometime between 1900 and 1950 D Sometime between 1950 and 2000 Alternatively, you can fill in this page and post to: . N Golledge, CIBSE, 222 Balham High Road, London, SW12 9BS E 1906

58 CIBSE Journal April 2009 www.cibsejournal.com

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For sponsorship opportunities For queries and and table bookings, general enquiries, please contact Carlo Menezes: please contact Katie Chinnock: T: +44 (0) 20 7560 4074 T: +44 (0) 20 7560 4272 E: [email protected] E: [email protected]

www.cibsejournal.com April 2009 CIBSE Journal 67

p67_CIBSEMagApr09.indd 67 30/3/09 09:28:21 People

Movers & Recession busters Shakers Specialist building services recruiter Ben Byram, from Elta Fans has appointed Damian technical recruitment company the Nes Group Limited, Buxton as its new financial director. gives his advice on how to find a job in difficult times Buxton is a qualified management The R-word has dominated the accountant and has been part of headlines so far this year. The the Elta Fans family for more than banking crisis, housing crisis, 10 years, joining the company in employment crisis have all secured the role of financial controller in unrivalled column inches. The 1997. His new role he will help UK economy is in recession, develop the business. redundancies are the highest they have been for 10 years, and jobseekers face more competition Independent than they have done before. engineering and For building services, the environmental contract market has felt the biggest consultant Gifford impact and, as a result, many has appointed contractors have been advised Glen Irwin director, to consider joining a company to lead the group’s building as a member of staff, rather than sciences teams. Irwin is expected remaining a contractor. If you find such opportunities if they arise. business networking website to bring a “new perspective and yourself out of work, either through With fewer jobs available, it is also LinkedIn, allow you to maintain energy” to Gifford’s building redundancy from a permanent important that you utilise your contact with the people that you sciences-led approach to role or due to an increasingly network of professional contacts. meet throughout your career – sustainable building design. challenging contract market, there CIBSE membership can help informing them of your availability are ways you can improve your job enormously: take advantage of the for work and finding out about search. opportunity to attend meetings, vacancies through their contacts. Elta Fans has The nuclear industry remains social functions and member- Specialist building services appointed David buoyant, so those with nuclear networking events to extend your recruitment consultants anticipate Osgerby as its experience are at an advantage. business contacts, and utilise their an increase in demand for contract new managing Councils and local authorities online discussion forums. Other and permanent personnel at the director. He will as well as other government- online tools, such as specialist start of the new financial year, support the group funded sectors also offer various when funding becomes available management team on strategy opportunities. But for commercial, within some of the larger multi- and operational matters and aims retail and residential sectors it’s discipline consultancies that have to at least double the size of the a different story. For some, the With fewer had recruitment freezes in place business. solution could be to consider using until now. While this does not earlier experience to secure work. jobs available it’s guarantee work for the building For example, a design engineer important to utilise services professional, it is certainly Iain Pickles has may have the on-site experience a welcome move for much of the joined TEST (Total to work as a resident or project professional contact industry and a positive sign for Energy Savings engineer, and so could consider networks those seeking work. Techniques) as its sustainable technologies New members join CIBSE manager for energy solutions. In his new role he will help a CIBSE has recently welcomed Wai Lun William Chan Hong Kong Kieron Gerard McGovern Blackrock wide range of organisations nearly 30 new members to the Wai Chung Chan Hong Kong Rachel McKenna Newcastle, monitor and control their Institution. Of those 14 are Robert Clegg Ormskirk Co Dublin energy costs. international members from Hong Hugh Jamies Cunningham Belfast Wai Sum Man Hong Kong Kong, and Douglas Alexander David John Doherty Celbridge, Eire Neil Marsh Dubai King, from Bath, has had his Yat Man Ryan Fan Hong Kong Amelia Katherine Milne London Michael Wilkshire membership upgraded to Fellow. Chi Fai Foo Hong Kong Faidon Nikiforiadis Salford has been The full list is: Ian David Gow Abu Dhabi Yat Fai Dicky Poon Hong Kong appointed as Wei Yu Ho Hong Kong Cho Ming Tang Hong Kong senior practice FELLOW Vijay Kumar Dubai Ho Yin Tsang Hong Kong manager at The Douglas Alexander King Bath Ming Lo Kwok Hong Kong Paul Reuben Wilkinson Hong Kong Management Chun Yu Johnny Lai Hong Kong Recruitment Group’s building MEMBER Helena Lee London ASSOCIATE services division. He has 15 years Christopher John Bennett Huddersfield Yee Man Annie Leung Hong Kong Gary Hearn Corby of services recruitment Chun Hon Howard Chan Hong Kong Patrick Daniel McAuley Coleraine, Eire John James McCullough Carrickfergus experience.

60 CIBSE Journal April 2009 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEapr09 pp60 people.indd 60 2/4/09 15:29:21 CIBSE Journal and www.jobs.cibsejournal.com – Appointments for building services jobs in print and online Telephone: 020 7324 2787 Email: [email protected] or [email protected]

Would you like to join our Award-Winning team?

If it is your personal mission to improve and excel through experience, then i-Prophets is the employer for you. We take pride in our people and are currently looking for enthusiastic, hard working individuals to fi ll the vacancies listed below.

Low Carbon Energy Consultant 2 roles (1 Midlands, 1 South East/London £32,000-£40,000 plus car allowance The key function of the role is to deliver the consultancy offerings of i-Prophets Energy Services to a high standard. Those consultancy services are to include general energy surveying and auditing, monitoring and targeting implementation, energy certifi cation and renewable feasibility studies. Signifi cant experience in an aspect of energy amanegemtn and professional recognition is essnetial. Energy Assessor Accreditation (EPC or DEC or Air Conditioning) and Carbon Trust Accredition is desirable.

Energy Surveyor/Assessor South East/London £25,000-£32,000 plus car allowance The ideal person for this role should have a background in one of the following: building surveying, building services, site measured surveying or architecural experience. As an energy assessor, the role will conduct energy performance certifi cate assessments (for transactional and display purposes) across the South East of England, managing time between site assessment and desk calulation. At least one stream of Energy Assessor Accreditation (DEC/EPC/Air Conditioning) is essential.

Energy Solutions Sales Executive 2 roles (1 North/Midlands, 1 Southern England) £25,000-£40,000 This role requires a good knowledge of the energy effi ciency management sector with a proven track record in either consultancy or software sales. Reporting to the Sales and Marketing Director, the role would suit a fl exible and committed individual with an outgoing and innovative character, with the ability to sell the i-Prophets range of energy solutions and software.

For more information: Tel: 0845 003 9086 [email protected] www.i-prophets.com/employ.php

i-Prophets HPH.indd 1 31/3/09 14:52:57 advice when you need it

Together we’ll work it out

a Randstad company 0800 169 0863 www.hillmcglynn.com

www.cibsejournal.com April 2009 CIBSE Journal 61

p61-65_CIBSEMagApr09.indd 61 1/4/09 11:23:46 Appointments

CITY SURVEYOR’S DEPARTMENT

Mechanical Engineer (Building Services) £32,510 - £38,880 pa inc. plus £3,000 Market Forces Supplement depending on experience

The City Surveyor’s Property Services An opportunity has arisen for an experienced Mechanical Building Services Engineer Division is responsible for the to join the team in a wide and varied role. In addition to managing repairs, delivery of a range of construction, maintenance and minor projects you will assist and advise on building mechanical improvement and refurbishment services maintenance and appropriate contractual arrangements. You will be suitably projects of varying complexity, qualified with experience of managing contractors and with the ability to provide as well as providing a maintenance cost-effective and innovative solutions to a wide range of challenges. Experience in working and repair service to the operational with commercial properties in particular will be welcomed. property assets (including the Benefits include a contributory final salary pension scheme, interest free season ticket Guildhall, Mansion House, schools, loan, flexible working hours and generous leave entitlement. markets and Court buildings), and to an extensive portfolio of commercial To apply online, please visit www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/jobs investment properties in the City and West End. Alternatively, please contact the Corporate Recruitment Unit on 020 7332 3978 (24hr answerphone) or email: [email protected] quoting reference SUR080. A Minicom service is available on 020 7332 3179. Closing date: Tuesday, 28 April 2009.

The City of London Corporation is committed to Equal Opportunities and welcomes applications from all sections of the community.

www.logicrec.com CHARTERED ELECTRICAL ENGINEER - BUILDINGS Permanent – Hampshire - Up to 55K plus package on top This vacancy is to work within a multi-disciplinary engineering team within a large project supporting ongoing MOD contracts. You will be responsible for the production of electrical services designs for stand alone accommodation facilities and installations for use by the armed forces on deployed operations, and this will include the production of conceptual electrical installation designs through to detailed Providing the construction designs, specifications and equipment selection, bills of materials and requisitioning. You will also be interpreting the clients brief to produce electrical services perfect fit designs to support proposals and construction/installation programmes. Such electrical services include low voltage power systems, duty and standby power generation, lightening protection, lighting and control systems, fire detection systems and integration of all packages such as security systems and IT infrastructure. ** Certification as a Chartered Professional Engineer is required ** Requires sufficient professional experience to assure competence as a For more information contact Mike McNally, fully trained professional. Responsible for leadership of a functional area Hays CIBSE Appointments Director. on a small project or a segment of a larger project. T 07958 033 203 Involves a great deal of organising, work prioritisation and related skills, E [email protected] and includes a great deal of peer interface to properly complete tasks via teamwork. Competency with Microsoft Office - Word, Excel, Project & For an extensive choice of building services Outlook AutoCAD, Hevacomp would be advantageous. vacancies throughout the UK visit: www.hays.com/buildingservices Why choose LOGIC? All of our consultants have ‘numerous years’ of industry experience. We fully understand ‘your’ market and our clients, so ‘you’ can expect the best service, the best contracts and the best permanent jobs both in the UK and Overseas. Specialist Recruitment Contact Rob Norris or Mike Lower now for a discreet and informal chat: hays.com/buildingservices Tel: 01932 869869 Email: [email protected] Web: www.logicrec.com

62 CIBSE Journal April 2009 www.cibsejournal.com

p61-65_CIBSEMagApr09.indd 62 1/4/09 10:54:02 Appointments

Estates & Facilities Estates Operations & Maintenance Manager Going Forward Together www.northlincs.gov.uk Band 8b £43,221 - £53,432 p.a. 37.5 hours per week, Permanent Contract Want to make a real difference to your local community? Work with us and help to transform Based at Accrington Victoria Community Hospital (under review) North Lincolnshire towards a better future for all. The Estates & Facilities Service, currently based within Accrington Victoria ASSET MANAGEMENT & CULTURE Hospital, is looking for an enthusiastic and self-motivated person to join the existing team, to assume responsibility for the safe and efficient management of the complex day to day maintenance activities and the Energy Manager safe and efficient operation of all plant and equipment. Ref: PRCO0009 In this vital role, you will lead a small and highly skilled in-house Grade 9 SCP 37 - 41, £30,456 - £34,107 maintenance team and will manage the use of specialist external contractors in the provision of a safe and comfortable environment for 37 hours per week all patients, staff and visitors. Hewson House, Station Road, Brigg, DN20 8XJ It is essential you hold an Engineering degree or equivalent, have an You will act as the council’s principal advisor in respect of all building related energy performance issues. appropriate management qualification and ‘Chartered Engineer’ status. You will lead, improve and co-ordinate all aspects of the energy performance of the council’s buildings You should have extensive experience of working at a higher level within (strategic and operational) including the legislative compliance, delivery of reductions in CO2 emissions an Estates environment, preferably within the NHS, along with experience and all utility energy use together with achievement of wider sustainable construction techniques in the operation and maintenance of building and engineering services. and building management. This includes ensuring compliance with all relevant CO2/ energy related The ability to understand technical drawings and plans, and manage legislation. complex capital programmes and projects are also essential. The Energy Manager post will be supported by, and have line management responsibility for, Utilising your expert communication and listening skills, you will have the an Energy Management Officer. ability to work effectively as part of the team and secure team member co-operation. You should also have the ability to demonstrate effective For further information please contact Nolan Bennett leadership and managerial qualities, as well as the ability to work alone (Maintenance Services Manager) or Chris Ramsbottom using initiative. (Head of Construction) on 01724 296719. As you will be required to travel to different NHS East Lancashire premises Application forms, job descriptions and employee specifications are you should be a driver with access to a vehicle for work purposes. available at www.northlincs.gov.uk Appointment to this post is subject to a Standard Disclosure with the Alternatively for an application form and job description, please Criminal Records Bureau. telephone 01724 296466 (answer phone), or Informal enquiries to David Peers, Associate Director, Estates & Facilities email [email protected] BENEFITS PACKAGE Excellent final salary pension scheme, job share, child care on 01254 359008. Closing date: vouchers, career break, maternity & paternity leave, development To apply for this position please visit www.jobs.nhs.uk Thursday 14 May 2009 opportunities, minimum 23 days holiday plus Bank holidays and, where applicable, generous relocation package, flexible working using the reference number 638-FIE-AS-005. hours and homeworking. The Council operates a no smoking policy. Closing date: Wednesday 22 April 2009. Celebrating Diversity

Confronting Inequality Celebrating Diversity Opportunities to make a difference Energy and Sustainability Manager Grade 9, £37,651 - £43,622 p.a. Ref: REB0730 • Int/Senior Electrical Estates and Facilities Design We are seeking an experienced individual to lead our approach to carbon • Sustainability Consultant management and sustainability in our estate. You will develop and manage a carbon reduction programme including being responsible for managing the CRC programme on behalf of the University, procure CBG Consultants Ltd is an award winning the University’s utilities achieving best value and ensuring financial mechanical and electrical consultancy with and legal probity, assisting in setting and embedding change and the sustainability agenda into the Department and across the University. attractive offi ces in Oxford and London. You will be expected to have extensive knowledge and experience We are looking to appoint an enthusiastic of energy/utility procurement and management, including managing and motivated intermediate to senior level budgets, working with computerised energy management and targeting and monitoring systems and understand sustainable construction. electrical building services design engineer A clear understanding of current and pending energy legislation is and a sustainability consultant to assist essential and knowledge of all the likely carbon and energy issues that with our diverse range of projects. the University faces is also key. Ideally, you will have strong project management experience We offer a great package and a fantastic with excellent analytical and communication skills and be able to training programme with opportunities for demonstrate a good track record in procurement and management development and career progression. of utilities and budgets as well as having sound knowledge of wider environmental issues. You should be enthusiastic, self-motivated and Please contact Julie Edginton for job ready to deliver significant change to this evolving institution. descriptions and application forms. For an informal discussion contact Russell Smith, Estates Manager, Engineering and Building on 01274 233496 or e-mail CBG Consultants Ltd [email protected]

South House, 3 Farmoor Court, Closing date: 1st May 2009, 5pm. Cumnor Road, Oxford How to apply OX2 9LU [email protected] tel: 01274 233091 minicom: 01274 235807) Email: [email protected] ( Applications from agencies will not be considered. Specialists in Tel: 01865 864500 Sustainable Engineering www.cbgc.com www.bradford.ac.uk/jobs

www.cibsejournal.com April 2009 CIBSE Journal 63

CBG QPV.indd 1 30/3/09 10:28:44

p61-65_CIBSEMagApr09.indd 63 1/4/09 10:54:09 Appointments ENERGY ENTHUSIASM INSPIRATION

Building Services Manager Skipton, North Yorkshire

One of the UK’s largest building societies, we have over You’ll also be responsible for the preparation and control of both 600,000 customers and more than 80 branches across the maintenance and capital project budgets, and the management country, from Aberdeen to Plymouth. Our ongoing success, of a dedicated building services team whose training, and everything we do, is driven by the core values which are development and motivation will also be a focus of the role. at the heart of our business - enthusiasm, fairness, ownership To maintain the highest of standards in building services, not and trust. least when it comes to health and safety, you must be a CIBSE This is a key role in which you’ll manage all aspects of member with significant experience in a similar role. A confident building services at our main site in Skipton and a number communicator and people manager, you’ve also a degree level of other locations around the town - with the primary aim to qualification in Electrical or Mechanical Engineering. ensure the availability and efficient operation of all mechanical If you’re inspired, and want to share in our success as and electrical services, as well as a prompt response to all one of the UK’s largest building societies, just go to reported repairs and breakdowns. www.skiptoncareers.co.uk

“Together we all get on”

To advertise your jobs with CIBSE Journal contact: Ali Scott 020 7324 2787 [email protected]

The home of building services vacancies in print and online

Visit jobs.cibsejournal.com to find your next career move

64 CIBSE Journal April 2009 www.cibsejournal.com

p61-65_CIBSEMagApr09.indd 64 1/4/09 10:54:20 Appointments

Established almost 20 years, Air Handlers, manufacture heating, ventilation and air conditioning equipment. Our innovative products promote healthier Specialists in Building Services Recruitment working environments with energy efficiency. The Classvent unit, which has an SFP less than 1 Recommend a friend and earn £500! is now operational in over 150 classrooms whilst our envirofresh is a full fresh air heat pump with a If you recommend a friend or colleague to us and we place them in a COP of 4.0 with heat recovery and variable capacity permanent or contract role then we will give you up to £500 as a thank you! . For more information or to recommend a friend please call or email us. To help us strengthen our position in the market we require a Lead Mechanical Design Engineer | London | to £55K+ | ref: 1246 Working for an award winning consultancy we are looking for a technically com- petent engineer with a solid track record in healthcare. This is a key position within REGIONAL MANAGER the company and major hospital project experience is essential. You will be lead- for the SOUTH EAST ing the healthcare team and be instrumental in moving the division forward. SALARY (£45k/£50k) + CAR Design Manager – Rail | London | £NEG! | ref: 1545 Initially, the appointed candidate, will work from Our client is a large multi discipline consultancy and has a strategic require- ment for a Design Manager for its overseas Rail operation. We are looking for home prior to our opening of an area office. an experienced individual with a solid track record in the Rail sector to be re- Whilst supporting the specification of our products sponsible for project delivery and implementation for all overseas projects. with consultants the post requires actively developing Some overseas travel will be required. the market and identifying new product opportunities. M&E Engineer - Tunnelling | London & Surrey | £40K - 50K | ref: 2015 Ideally, candidates will have 5 years experience As an M&E Engineer, you will be involved on site and in the design offi ce with and a formal qualification in the HVAC industry with construction supervision, project management and design on a range of projects. The role will involve mechanical and electrical engineering activities associated a solid awareness of environmental issues and a with the design of tunnels, buildings and a wide variety of defence projects. belief in the attributes of mechanical systems over natural vent. Senior Electrical Design Engineer | Surrey | to £46K+ | ref: 2009 Our client is a leading consultant working on several high profi le projects. They Technical expertise and communication skills are are looking to strengthen their team with an experienced Electrical Design En- essential to assist clients with application. gineer. Ideally Chartered, you will have a background in major projects. Specifi c If you’re ready for a new, exciting and rewarding sector experience including healthcare, rail and commercial would be useful. challenge email, in the first instance, your CV with a covering introduction to: For more information or a confidential discussion please contact Mark Butter [email protected] or write to T: 02392 603030 F: 02392 603031 Air Handlers, Bute Street, E: [email protected] www.blueprintrecruit.com Weaste, Salford, M50 1DU. E3 & E5 Heritage Business Park, Heritage Way, Gosport, Hampshire PO12 4BG No agencies need apply.

Diamond Light Source is a new synchrotron and a leading scientific BSV provides a specialised recruitment facility of its type in the world. service to the Consultancy and Project Located on the Harwell Science and Engineering Building Services industry. Recruitment Innovation Campus in South Oxfordshire, we host research facilities supporting Electrical Design Engineer London/Mdlds, £45K-£55K + Bens cutting edge research in all fields of science. ref: 10925 A fantastic opportunity has arisen within a busy multi disciplined consultancy. This established firm has a number of long term hi-spec residential and refurbishment design BuildingDIA0514/TH Services – BuildingEngineer ServicesRef: DIA0514/TH projects which are greatly in need of a Chartered Electrical Engineer. You will be based in either London or the Midlands and be given full design responsibility. For the right engineer, Circa £33k an excellent remuneration package is on offer. Contact Darren 01486 768600 to find out more. We need an experienced hands-on Building Services Engineer to take responsibility of a number of exciting projects. In this Energy Assessor / Surveyor London, £35K+ £55 Bens varied role, you will assist the Beamline Design Co-ordinator ref: 10921 as follows; liaise with different departments through the whole Our Client, a busy specialist in property management, require an Energy Assessor to carry out project life cycle, liaise with consultants and facilitate good Commercial Property surveys. Key tasks involve producing EPCs, undertake modelling and communication and exchange information and ideas with the produce reports containing findings and recommendations. Ideally you will be a CIBSE Low project team, advise clients on appropriate procurement methods Carbon Consultant with good Part L knowledge. Excellent salary with excellent prospects. and expertise required. With a degree or equivalent qualification, Contact Vanessa 01483 768600 you will be a skilled communicator both on paper and in person. You will be competent in AutoCAD with expertise in Mechanical Design Engineer London, Sth East £45K+ £55k Bens mechanical or electrical services with an understanding of ref: 10898 project management procedures. A worldwide HVAC manufacturer is creating a new Building Services department and require a We are committed to equality of opportunities for all and offer Chartered Building Services/Energy Engineer to complement the team. Good low energy design a competitive salary (dependent upon skills, qualifications experience required - a unique opportunity. Contact Darren 01486 768600 for further details. and experience), comprehensive benefits, an index-linked pension scheme and flexible working hours. www.bsvconsultants.co.uk For an application form and further information including Call 01483 768600 or email [email protected] work visa requirements please visit our website at We have similar a variety of professional Building Services vacancies in many www.diamond.ac.uk or telephone our recruitment line on regions of the UK that we would like discuss with you in confidence. 01235 778218 (answer phone) or write to us at the address below, quoting the appropriate reference number. Closing date: 1st May 2009.

www.diamond.ac.uk

Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE www.bsvconsultants.co.uk

www.cibsejournal.com April 2009 CIBSE Journal 65

p61-65_CIBSEMagApr09.indd 65 1/4/09 10:54:29 Looking ahead Events & Training

NATIONAL EVENTS/ Services and Education Schemes: CONFERENCES successfully designing building services for schools and colleges Energy under control l 28 – 29 Apr 2009 CIBSE London www.hveducation.co.uk The Building Controls Industry National Conference 2009 l 01 – 04 June 2009 INSITE09 Association (BCIA) is staging its Hotel Russell, London Conference BRE, Watford one-day conference in May and this For more information, contact For more information, visit year its theme will be ‘Energy under CIBSE events on 020 8675 5211 www.insite09.com/index.jsp control: solutions to save money or email [email protected] l 17 June 2009 Building and energy’. l 29 Apr 2009 Review of the Services Awards Much of the responsibility for Code for Sustainable Homes as Hilton, Park Lane, London saving energy in buildings now design guideline, organised by the For more information or to book, falls to facilities managers, and Centre for the Built Environment contact on 01252 781178 or email the BCIA is keen to help these Buchanan House, Glasgow [email protected] building management professionals For more information, contact 0141 l 20 – 21 June 2009 Building understand how controls can help 273 1411 or email [email protected] Services Engineering Football them with this task and reduce l 07 May 2009 CIBSE AGM World Cup costs. Energy savings are a cost- and Presidential Address Liverpool effective way to reduce outgoings – Royal Society, London For more information go to and building controls play a vital role For more information or to book, www.buildingservicesworldcup.com in helping end users identify areas call 020 8772 3613 or email l 27 – 30 July 2009 of energy waste and manage how [email protected] 11th International Building energy is used. BCIA President Doug Robins l 07 May 2009 CIBSE FM Performance Simulation BCIA President Doug Robins Group AGM and visit/discussion Association Conference and says: “BCIA member companies and services.” The BCIA Conference Location tbc Exhibition: Simulation – From are well placed to offer clear advice will also include a unique round- Contact 0207 803 3749 or email Research to Practice on how building management table element during the day, in [email protected] University of Strathclyde, Glasgow professionals can start making which facilitated discussion groups l 12 May 2009 How can For more information visit www. savings through straightforward will address hot topics identified by intelligent buildings challenge bs2009.org.uk control strategies that are relatively delegates before the event. sustainability cheap to implement. The conference will end with a Royal Society, London SOCIETY OF LIGHT “We want our 2009 conference panel discussion and Q&A session. Contact 0208 774 2705 or email AND LIGHTING to highlight this point, and to allow For details of the conference, [email protected] members to interact directly with taking place on 14 May 2009, visit l 13 May 2009 Energy Efficient For more information on the events the people who use our products www.bcia.co.uk Heating CIBSE, listed below, visit the SLL special London interest group via www.cibse.org For more information or to book, l 21 Apr 2009 Office Lighting CPD TRAINING l 23 Apr 2009 Managing Change contact 020 8675 5211 or email Debate Institution of Structural London [email protected] Engineers, London Unless otherwise stated, for more l 23 Apr 2009 Air Conditioning l 13 May 2009 Urban wind l 13 May 2009 Lighting information visit www.cibse.org/ Basics 2 – The Air Conditioning turbines – saviours or statues Masterclass: The Drivers of Design midcareercollege or to book, Process London London South Bank University HMS Belfast, London call 01223 880016 or email l 24 Apr 2009 Fire Detection and For more information, email l 19 May 2009 AGM, [email protected] Alarm Systems for Dwellings – [email protected] Presidential Address and Awards l 21 Apr 2009 Effective People BS 5839-6: 2004 London l 13 May 2009 AGM and Reception Royal Society of Arts, Management and Communications l 24 Apr 2009 Preparing FM and Daylight Group Forum, London Skills for Engineers London Maintenance Contracts London University of Greenwich, l 18 June LR&T Centenary l 21 Apr 2009 NATIONAL l 27 Apr 2009 Mechanical London Symposium Location tbc SEMINAR: Building Regs Part L2: Services Explained – special three- For more information, email How to Demonstrate Compliance day course Birmingham [email protected] CIBSE/OTHER TRAINING London (see also left) l 28 Apr 2009 An Introduction l 14 May 2009 2009 BCIA l 21 Apr 2009 Unvented and to Electrical Services in Buildings Conference – Energy under l 21 Apr 2009 NATIONAL Other Types of Efficient Hot Water London control: solutions to save SEMINAR: Building Regs Part L2: System London l 28 Apr 2009 How to Specify money and energy How to Demonstrate Compliance, l 22 Apr 2009 Negotiation Skills Lighting – Office Lighting London Coventry a CPD course offered by CIBSE for Engineers London l 29 Apr 2009 An Introduction to For more information, visit London, Course code A282 l 22 Apr 2009 Air Conditioning Combined Heat and Power (CHP) www.bcia.co.uk/events For more information, visit Basics 1 – Comfort, Climate and London l 18 May 2009 EPCs 2009: the www.cibse.org/midcareercollege Heat Gains London l 29 Apr 2009 Electricity at Work real effect on the market or call 01223 880016 l 22 Apr 2009 Electrical Services Regulations Explained London CIBSE, London l 07 May 2009 Masterclass: Explained – special three-day l 30 Apr 2009 Monitoring and For more information or to book, An Introduction to Sustainable course Birmingham Targeting London contact 020 8675 5211 or email Buildings London. l 23 Apr 2009 Designing and l 31 Apr 2009 Managing [email protected] For more information, visit Developing Biomass Heating Human Behaviour in Fires l 21 May 2009 Building www.rtpiconferences.co.uk Systems London and Emergencies London

66 CIBSE Journal April 2009 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEapr09 pp66 events.indd 66 2/4/09 15:29:35 Engineering Excellence: the way to a sustainable business

With topics covering how to future proof your business, add value and updates on the new Part L2010 and EPBD 2010, this is one event you can’t afford to miss!

Key speakers include: Professor Julia King, Board Member, The Committee on Climate Change Professor Dr.-Ing. Francis Allard, Universite de La Rochelle, and President REHVA Mike Hogg, General Manager, Shell Gas Direct Professor David Fisk, Imperial College London Terry Wyatt, Consultant to Hoare Lea Steve Irving, Faber Maunsell Paul Decort, Principal Building Services Professional, CLG Bill Bordass, William Bordass Associates Alistair Gutherie and Beccie Taylor, Arup

LAST CHANCE TO BOOK! CALL 020 8675 5211

CIBSE National Conference 28 & 29 April 2009, Hotel Russell,For London further information or to book your place at this industry leading conference please call us on 020 8675 5211, e-mail us at [email protected] or visit us at www.cibse.org/nationalconference for details.

There are opportunities to exhibit at the National Conference and opportunities to promote your organisation to all attendees. Please contact Jill McGimpsey for full details and prices on 020 8772 3630 or email [email protected]

www.cibsejournal.com April 2009 CIBSE Journal 59

p59_CIBSEMagApr09.indd 59 30/3/09 09:22:41 CMR AIR MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

Pressure and air volume monitoring and alarming

DPM Panel Pressure Monitoring Transmitter

The DPM pressure and velocity transmitter is just like the P-,V- or VP- Sensor, it can measure low air pressure and air volume. It has also the facility to provide a low and high alarm relay output. Time delays are adjustable for both relays. Alternatively, one relay is used as low and high alarm and the second relay is used to switch on the buzzer. A mute facility shall cancel the second relay to mute the buzzer. It has a PID control loop and two modbus rtu communications for a remote display and the central BMS. All adjustments can be made from the front keyboard. The DPM is calibrated to traceable national standard and calibration certificates are supplied as standard. DPM Pressure Transmitter

Central Monitoring Panel

CMR manufactures a stand alone monitoring panel which can contain up to 30 DPM pressure or velocity transmitters. The colour coded PVC tube can be pushed onto barbed nipples situated at the top of the panel. The tubing can be configured to either measure room differential pressure or individual room pressure against a common datum. Red and blue PVC tube is normally used to measure the velocity pressure across the CMR Velo Probes, Flow Grids, Oval Flow Probes or the Venturi Ducts. The tube can run up to 200m and still have an accurate measurement. The 0..10V, 4..20mA or modbus rtu and alarms can be connected to any computer monitoring system. It is a compact solution, which is factory tested and ready for installation on site. All DPM instruments fitted come complete with calibration certificates. Future calibration is easy as all equipment is centrally located in a plant room and not within the clean areas or around the duct work.

DPM Monitoring Panel

CMR Portable Calibrator with Traceable Calibration Certificate

CMR manufactures manual portable and automatic calibrators, which are used to check and calibrate any pressure or velocity pressure transducers in the field. The most popular type is the CAL95 which has a built in hand pump to generate the pressure for the transducers to be checked. It has an LCD display to indicate the reference pressure. The CAL95 has an output voltage signal which can be connected to a chart recorder or computer scada system to record the calibration pressures. The instrument is used by many commissioning and controls engineers worldwide. The Calibrator comes with a traceable calibration certificate. CAL Calibrator

Precision components for ventilation and process control

22 Repton Court Repton Close Tel +44 (0) 1268 287222 CMR CONTROLS Basildon Essex SS13 1LN GB Fax +44 (0) 1268 287099 Division of C.M.RICHTER EUROPE LTD Website : http://www.cmr.co.uk e-mail: [email protected]

See us also at www.opus-bs.com or www.cmr-controls.com 68 CIBSE Journal April 2009 www.cibsejournal.com

CMRp68_CIBSEMagApr09.indd correct size.indd 1 68 27/3/0930/3/09 11:54:3609:29:49