Photo: Elliniko Panorama Evia Nean, Creating Emporia (Trade Centres)

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FREE www.evia.gr Photo: Elliniko Panorama Evia nean, creating emporia (trade centres). Athenian League, especially during the During the rule of Venice, Evia was known Peloponnesian War, apostatise, fighting for their as Negroponte. “Of the seven islands nature The Ippovotes the aristocracy have by now replaced the Mycenaean kings, and their independence, and the island becomes a In early June 1407, Mehmed II The made… Evia is the fifth, narrow…” power, as well as their commercial ties with battlefield. Conqueror takes over Evia, which is (Stefanos Byzantios, under the entry “Sicily”) the Mediterranean civilisations, is reflected in The Evian Commons, a type of confederation renamed Egipoz or Egripos, and becomes the findings from the tomb of the Hegemon in of the city-states of Evia, was founded in 404 BC. the pashalik of Egripos. Evia owes its name to the healthy cattle Leukanti (now divided between the After the battle of Chaironeia in 338 BC, Evia On the 8th of May 1821, the revolution grazing on its fertile land. Eu + bous = good Archaeological Museums of Athens and comes under the rule of Phillip the 2nd and breaks out first in Ksirochori, led by chieftain cattle. Eretria). Macedonian guard are installed in all of its cities. Angelis Govgios, and then in Limni and In the 8th century BC large city states are After the death of Alexander, the island Kymi. It is not long, however, before it is The history of Evia or Avantis or Makris founded, the most important of which are becomes the apple of discord among his stamped out. Chieftain Nikos Kriezotis is or Asopis or Ellopia or Chalkis or Chalkida, Eretria, Istaia and Karystos. Descendants. It takes part in the struggles again prominent during that time. Chalkodontis, as it has been known, is tied to The cities of Evia take part in the colonis- the Romans and falls under the rule of Rome in Evia was freed in April 1833. The first the sea and the conflict between the landown- ation of the Western Mediterranean and the 146 BC. prefect, G. Ainian, founded a mutual teaching ers Ippovotes and the bourgeoisie Aeinautes. northern coasts of the Aegean, and the During the Roman occupation, the economy of school and printing press. A short while later, Paleontological research has turned up rich colonists, along with their hopes for a better the island flourishes, new religions are intro- the first newspaper of Evia, ELLIN, was findings. Rare mammal fossils, of the fauna of future, bring with them the Evian Alphabet, duced, and public buildings are erected in the printed. Pikermi, have been discovered from first to Pithikouses (now Ischia) and then to island's most powerful city, Chalkida. Aidipsos in During the Balkan Wars of 1912-1913, Almyropotamos and Karystia to Kerasia the whole of Southern Italy (Magna Grecia), Northern Evia develops into an important major Ioannis Velissariou from Kymi stood and Artemisio. which was the basis for the Latin Alphabet. balneotherapy centre. out in the battle of Bizanio. The first signs of human habitation date During this time, nausikleiti Evia of During the Byzantine period, the islands' After the destruction of Asia Minor ion back to the middle Palaeolithic period Homer's Hymn to Apollo dominates the population gathers in the major urban centres and 1922, refugees from the Greek East sailed to (100,000 to 40,000 years from today). Mediterranean with its ships. the rural areas are abandoned. Chalkida is the Chalkida, most of them settling permanently Firestone tools were discovered in central The major civil war the conflict between island's most important port, and the centre of in refugee districts in Chalkida, Nea Artaki, Evia. Chalkida and Eretria for possession of the transit trade. Nea Lampsakos and all over Evia. The Neolithic and early Bronze Age are plains of Lilandio, the fertile plain, now After the fall of Constantinople to the Frankish From April 1941 to October 1944 the island represented in Evia by the civilisations of known as Vasiliko, in central Evia that in 1204, the island comes under the rule of the was under German and Italian occupation. Varka (in the area of Psachna, Neolithic devastated Evia and the whole of Greece, took Venetians; it originally falls under the jurisdiction The forces of the resistance were active all period 6000-3000 BC) and Manika (in the part in the second half of the 7th century BC. of the Lombard king of Thessaloniki and is ceded over Evia, and especially in Lambousa, Steni area of Chalkida, 3000-2100 BC). During the The dawn of the classical period finds Evia, to three barons from Verona, known as Terzieri and Vatondas. Neolithic period, it appears that the popula- like the rest of Greece, fighting for its (triarchs). After its liberation, a major development tion grew and settlements were created. The independence against the danger of the Ravano dalle Carceri remains the sole ruler of began in Evia, both in economic and cultural main indications are clay artefacts and the Persian expansionism. In their 490 BC Evia and, in 1209, recognises the rule of Venice, terms. wide use of ceramics. campaign, the Persians destroy Eretria, which appoints a Bailus (Governor) in Chalkida. On the cusp of the bronze age (3rd punishing its residents for aiding the A short break from the Venetian rule was the These days, the prefecture of Evia belongs millennium) there are signs of intense Milesians during the Ionian revolution, while revolution of the Karystian knight Likarios. With in the Region of Central Greece and commercial transactions with the Cyclades, in 480 BC, in the waters of Artemisio, the the Castle of Anemopyloi as his base of comprises the islands of Evia and Skyros, as Central Greece and the coast of Asia Minor. Greek fleet stall the enemy ships heading operations, he began taking over the Venetian well as a part of the mainland (Avlida and towards Salamina. During the Mycenaean period (1650-1050 fortresses, one by one, with the exception of Athidona). It has an area of approximately BC), a number of settlements flourish across All the cities of Evia took part in the Chalkida, supported by the Byzantine Emperor 3,900 sq. Metres, and a population of the island and the residents of Avantes, victorious Battle of Plataea, in 479 BC, and Michael VIII Palaiologos. He defeated his approximately 210,000, with 80,000 residing according to Homer (Β, 536-539), take part in their names are now carved, along with those enemies at the battle of Vatondas in 1278 (near in the capital, Chalkida. Its geographical the Trojan War led by the King of Chalkida, of the other Greeks, on the bronze column Nea Artaki) and settled in Fylla Castle. No one constitution, along with the two bridges that Elephenor. erected in Delphi by the victors (currently in knows the details of the end of the ambitious connect Chalkida to Central Greece, give the During the 11th century BC, the residents of Constantinople). knight's rule in Evia, which gave the island's prefecture its dual nature, as both island and Evia roam the seas of the Eastern Mediterra- The Evians, who were originally part of the Greek population a short period of freedom. mainland. Photo: G. Giannakis Evia nean, creating emporia (trade centres). Athenian League, especially during the During the rule of Venice, Evia was known Peloponnesian War, apostatise, fighting for their as Negroponte. “Of the seven islands nature The Ippovotes the aristocracy have by now replaced the Mycenaean kings, and their independence, and the island becomes a In early June 1407, Mehmed II The made… Evia is the fifth, narrow…” power, as well as their commercial ties with battlefield. Conqueror takes over Evia, which is (Stefanos Byzantios, under the entry “Sicily”) the Mediterranean civilisations, is reflected in The Evian Commons, a type of confederation renamed Egipoz or Egripos, and becomes the findings from the tomb of the Hegemon in of the city-states of Evia, was founded in 404 BC. the pashalik of Egripos. Evia owes its name to the healthy cattle Leukanti (now divided between the After the battle of Chaironeia in 338 BC, Evia On the 8th of May 1821, the revolution grazing on its fertile land. Eu + bous = good Archaeological Museums of Athens and comes under the rule of Phillip the 2nd and breaks out first in Ksirochori, led by chieftain cattle. Eretria). Macedonian guard are installed in all of its cities. Angelis Govgios, and then in Limni and In the 8th century BC large city states are After the death of Alexander, the island Kymi. It is not long, however, before it is The history of Evia or Avantis or Makris founded, the most important of which are becomes the apple of discord among his stamped out. Chieftain Nikos Kriezotis is or Asopis or Ellopia or Chalkis or Chalkida, Eretria, Istaia and Karystos. Descendants. It takes part in the struggles again prominent during that time. Chalkodontis, as it has been known, is tied to The cities of Evia take part in the colonis- the Romans and falls under the rule of Rome in Evia was freed in April 1833. The first the sea and the conflict between the landown- ation of the Western Mediterranean and the 146 BC. prefect, G. Ainian, founded a mutual teaching ers Ippovotes and the bourgeoisie Aeinautes. northern coasts of the Aegean, and the During the Roman occupation, the economy of school and printing press. A short while later, Paleontological research has turned up rich colonists, along with their hopes for a better the island flourishes, new religions are intro- the first newspaper of Evia, ELLIN, was findings. Rare mammal fossils, of the fauna of future, bring with them the Evian Alphabet, duced, and public buildings are erected in the printed. Pikermi, have been discovered from first to Pithikouses (now Ischia) and then to island's most powerful city, Chalkida. Aidipsos in During the Balkan Wars of 1912-1913, Almyropotamos and Karystia to Kerasia the whole of Southern Italy (Magna Grecia), Northern Evia develops into an important major Ioannis Velissariou from Kymi stood and Artemisio. which was the basis for the Latin Alphabet. balneotherapy centre. out in the battle of Bizanio. The first signs of human habitation date During this time, nausikleiti Evia of During the Byzantine period, the islands' After the destruction of Asia Minor ion back to the middle Palaeolithic period Homer's Hymn to Apollo dominates the population gathers in the major urban centres and 1922, refugees from the Greek East sailed to (100,000 to 40,000 years from today). Mediterranean with its ships. the rural areas are abandoned. Chalkida is the Chalkida, most of them settling permanently Firestone tools were discovered in central The major civil war the conflict between island's most important port, and the centre of in refugee districts in Chalkida, Nea Artaki, Evia. Chalkida and Eretria for possession of the transit trade. Nea Lampsakos and all over Evia. The Neolithic and early Bronze Age are plains of Lilandio, the fertile plain, now After the fall of Constantinople to the Frankish From April 1941 to October 1944 the island represented in Evia by the civilisations of known as Vasiliko, in central Evia that in 1204, the island comes under the rule of the was under German and Italian occupation. Varka (in the area of Psachna, Neolithic devastated Evia and the whole of Greece, took Venetians; it originally falls under the jurisdiction The forces of the resistance were active all period 6000-3000 BC) and Manika (in the part in the second half of the 7th century BC. of the Lombard king of Thessaloniki and is ceded over Evia, and especially in Lambousa, Steni area of Chalkida, 3000-2100 BC). During the The dawn of the classical period finds Evia, to three barons from Verona, known as Terzieri and Vatondas. Neolithic period, it appears that the popula- like the rest of Greece, fighting for its (triarchs). After its liberation, a major development tion grew and settlements were created. The independence against the danger of the Ravano dalle Carceri remains the sole ruler of began in Evia, both in economic and cultural main indications are clay artefacts and the Persian expansionism. In their 490 BC Evia and, in 1209, recognises the rule of Venice, terms. wide use of ceramics. campaign, the Persians destroy Eretria, which appoints a Bailus (Governor) in Chalkida. On the cusp of the bronze age (3rd punishing its residents for aiding the A short break from the Venetian rule was the These days, the prefecture of Evia belongs millennium) there are signs of intense Milesians during the Ionian revolution, while revolution of the Karystian knight Likarios. With in the Region of Central Greece and commercial transactions with the Cyclades, in 480 BC, in the waters of Artemisio, the the Castle of Anemopyloi as his base of comprises the islands of Evia and Skyros, as Central Greece and the coast of Asia Minor. Greek fleet stall the enemy ships heading operations, he began taking over the Venetian well as a part of the mainland (Avlida and towards Salamina. During the Mycenaean period (1650-1050 fortresses, one by one, with the exception of Athidona). It has an area of approximately BC), a number of settlements flourish across All the cities of Evia took part in the Chalkida, supported by the Byzantine Emperor 3,900 sq. Metres, and a population of the island and the residents of Avantes, victorious Battle of Plataea, in 479 BC, and Michael VIII Palaiologos. He defeated his approximately 210,000, with 80,000 residing according to Homer (Β, 536-539), take part in their names are now carved, along with those enemies at the battle of Vatondas in 1278 (near in the capital, Chalkida. Its geographical the Trojan War led by the King of Chalkida, of the other Greeks, on the bronze column Nea Artaki) and settled in Fylla Castle. No one constitution, along with the two bridges that Elephenor. erected in Delphi by the victors (currently in knows the details of the end of the ambitious connect Chalkida to Central Greece, give the During the 11th century BC, the residents of Constantinople). knight's rule in Evia, which gave the island's prefecture its dual nature, as both island and Evia roam the seas of the Eastern Mediterra- The Evians, who were originally part of the Greek population a short period of freedom. mainland. Photo: G. Giannakis Introduction

Chalkida - Bridge ()Photo: Vathy Galazio Evia, the second largest island in Greece, land and by sea. Easy access by road via is an ideal and excellent holiday destina- two bridges in Central Evia and the rail- tion for holidaymakers from both Greece way connection between Athens and and abroad. Chalkida, as well as the six (6) ferry lines With its rich natural and cultural heri- serving the island, make it an ideal desti- tage landscapes of Outstanding Natural nation foe short breaks and leave no visi- Beauty, Natural Monuments, Special tor unsatisfied. Protected Natural Sites and Sites included in the Natura 2000 network, Wetlands, Evia is blessed with natural beauty, nine hundred kilometres of coastline and archaeological monuments, museums, 1,190,000 sq. metres of forest it remains, the unique tidal phenomenon of to this day, a crossroads of cultures, a Euripos, natural healing springs, the meeting point for nations and traditions. infamous Drakospita (Dragon Houses) In the last few years, the island has of Karystia, the petrified forest and the become known as a four-season tourist museum of fossilised mammals of destination, thanks to its natural beauty, its Kerasia, castles, a plethora of monas- varied terrain, its cultural heritage, its teries and churches, most importantly lively local traditions, folklore, folk art, the church of Saint John the Russian, the smiles and hospitality of its residents, the forest village, wetlands, gorges, its gastronomy and traditional recipes. mountaineering refuges, caves, hiking, Despite being developed, it hasn't climbing and cycling trails, a mountain become a mass tourism destination, nor biking course, underwater activities, has its natural environment been cor- religious excursions, horse riding, rupted, and this is its major comparative unique flora and fauna, picturesque advantage. Evia is a place that remains villages, wonderful beaches, traditional genuine, authentic and traditional. settlements, agro-tourism, delicious Evia is located 75 kilometres from food, traditional dishes, wine tasting Athens and Eleftherios Venizelos Interna- and, above all, the warmth and hospi- tional Airport, and is accessible both by tality of its people. 1 2 Chalkida “…these are the men who drink the water of the sacred spring of Arethusa” (Strabo, Geographica, C449)

The Fortress of the Straits, shortly before being torn down at the end of the 19th century The city ofthe sacred springArethusa , fied asKanithos , the acropolis during Chalkida, built along the straits of Euripos historic times) is thought to have been traces the etymology of its names to the established during the Geometric period root of the word Chalkos, which means (circa 900 BC), to the southeast of the bronze, and the workshops processing the modern town, and this would form the metal that existed there. nucleus of the urban web of classical-era The oldest documentation proving the Chalkida. existence of Chalkida appears in the The city orpolis had a ruling aristocracy Homeric Epics and specifically the city is of feudalIppovotes . The city took part in listed in the catalogue of ships in the Iliad the movement to colonise the West, estab- (Book 2, 536-541).Elephenor was one of lishingRhegion and Naxos , in Lower Helen's the suitors (the woman who Italy (Magna Grecia). became known as the beautiful Helen of Its important strategic position made it a Troy). He was King of the Chalcideans, target for the Athenians, starting from the leader of theAvantes from Evia, and mid sixth century BC. Chalkida partici- according to the epic he was at the head of pated in the Second Athenian Confedera- forty ships, which the lords of the island tion, seceded in 446 BC, whereupon contributed to the Achaeans' fleet, as it set Pericles himself, at the head of the Athe- out for Troy. The Early Helladic settlement ofManikas (3000-19000 BC) has been identified as prehistoric Chalkida. Cycladic idols The fort settlement ofGlyfas on the coast or statuettes of Boeotia, thetholos tomb atPei , and the from Manika in the chamber burials atAghia Eleoussa , Archaeological Panagitsaand Kamares with their rich Museum of grave goods are proof of the region's Chalkis development during the Mycenaean period. The settlement atVathrovouni (identi- 3 Afternoon stroll in Chalkis Chalkida

nian Fleet brought the city to order, grant- by being sawn apart in front of the seat of ing land to 2,000 Athenians cleruchs from the Latin Patriarch. its territories. The Ottoman town ofAgriboz retained In 410 BC the city revolted once more, its commercial lustre through the Middle fortifying the straits of Euripos and gain- Ages. ing its independence. In 334 BC Chalkida In 1699Morosini and William came under Macedonian political influ- rd Koenigsmark failed to capture the town ence, whilst in the mid 3 Century BC, from the Turks. Heracleides the Cretan described the OnApril 7, 1833,Hadji Ismael Bey , the city as an economically powerful city with representative of the Supreme Porte, a Gymnasium, Theatres, two ports and an handed over Chalkida to Iakovos Agora full of works of art. Neroulos Rizos, representative of Otto, During the Roman era, it was the King of Greece. island's major commercial centre, even though it gradually began to lose its old The demolition of the medieval walls of glory. Chalkida, and the subsequent filling in of the moat began in 1855, while Ch. During the Byzantine Era Chalkida was Trikoupis was Prime Minster and fortified with walls and a moat, while in 1082 Alexios I Komnenos allowed the Heracles Gazepis the Mayor of Chalkida. Venetians to use it as a commercial scalo After the destruction of Asia Minor in (port). This was also the time when the 1922, refugees from the Greek East sailed Jewish community, theGiudecca , began to Chalkida, most of them settling perma- to flourish. In 1204 the town fell to the nently in refugee districts in Chalkida, Crusading Franks and in 1216 it passed Nea Artaki, Nea Lampsakos and all over into the control of the Venetians. Evia. In 1461, facing the threat of the Turks, During World War II, Chalkida was Chalkida, the Venetian town of bombarded by German planes. In April Negroponte, was fortified even further, in 1941, the German Army entered the capi- order to deal with the invaders. On July tal of Evia and the German administration 12th , 1470 it was taken by Mehmed II and settled in the “Red House”. The residents the last Bailus was martyred, put to death of Chalkida fought hard against the invad-

Town Hall (Photo: Vathy Galazio)

4 Chalkida

ers, and the city was liberated in October The city has modern hotel infrastruc- 1944. tures, a plethora of beaches, ouzeri, Today Chalkida, the capital of the pre- tavernas, cafes and everything else a fecture, is a cosmopolitan town with over demanding visitor may require. In the 80,000 residents, built on the banks of city's famous ouzeri, along the beach, and Euripos. It is the administrative and com- in its many alleyways, one may enjoy mercial centre for the Prefecture of Evia, fresh seafood dishes. Avanton Street is the and practically a suburb ofAthens, a place city's main market street. where the residents of the Attica basin escape to for recreation and short breaks. It is an ideal destination for short breaks away from the big cities. The city of Chalkida is a centre of intense commercial activity, tourism and culture, and a rich and varied nightlife. It is The tidal phenomenon of the waters in a majestic, stylish city with natural beauty. the Straits of Euripos is unique worldwide Its proximity to Athens (only 80 kilo- and is a marked feature of the town. metres) makes it an ideal destination for Chalkida has had numerous famous weekend breaks, and much more. Its residents, including the writer Giannis traditional two-storey buildings, the old Skarimbas, the sculptor Antonis bridge and its numerous seaside establish- Karachalios, and the actors Orestis Makris ments give it a traditional feel. Chalkida is a contemporary cultural centre, with an and Aspasia Papathanasiou. The famous Archaeological and Folklore museum, a musician Nikos Skalkotas (1905-1949) Library, an Art Workshop, a Theatre, was born in Chalkida, which is also the Sports Facilities, a Sailing Club and may hometown of Dimitris Mytaras, one of other conveniences. Greece's most prominent painters.

Places of interest: l The bridge of Euripos and the tidal phenomenon l The Kara-Baba castle, built by the Turks on the Boeotian shore of Chalkida, in order to increase the town's defensive capabilities during their 1684 war against the Venetians. l Skarimbas' Tombat Kara-Baba castle l Along the promenade: The TownHall, the Red House, the House of Statues,

the National Resistance Memorial Kara-Baba l Athanaton Square with busts of Castle famous personalities and heroes (Photo: Vathy Galazio) l The Church of Aghios Nikolaos l Public Central Library l Municipal Gallery l Papadimitriou Theatre l Art Workshop and the Church of The Tomb of Yiannis Aghios Dimitrios Skarimbas l The Kriezotis Mansion, where the General Archives of the State of Evia are located 5 Chalkida

l The tower of the siren (remnant of the town's medieval fortifications) l Court House l The Archaeological Museum of Chalkida, a neoclassical building erected in the early 20th century, which holds exhibits from excavations that took place at Varka,Manika, Tharrounia, from the large and important Classical and Hellenistic period cemeteries of Chalkida, coins from various periods from all parts of the island, burial and votive statues in the round from the The Red House (Photo: Vathy Galazio) Archaic up to the Roman eras, as well as inscriptions from archaeological investigations throughout the island. l The House on Paidon Street l The Early Christian Basilica of Aghia Paraskevi l The Residence of the Bailus of Chalkida l The Folklore Museum, which is housed in the sole remnant of the renowned medieval city walls Kamares l The Railway Station l The twoTetartokyklia (Quarter- circles), what remains currently of the fortress islet in the middle of the Euripus, one of which has been turned into a cafeteria. l The Port of Chalkida l The School of Infantry l Thebay of Vourkos , the location of the few remaining boat-yards l The Municipal Market, a conservation-grade architectural complex dating from the latter part of the 19th century l The spring ofArethusa l Industrial Architecture: The Aghia Paraskevi Georgiadis building and theArethusa Winery l Vathrovouni: Shaft graves andAcropo- lis l Kamares Venetianaqueduct l Manika, five kilometres northwest of Chalkida, and thought to be the location of the city in prehistorical times l Glyfa l The beaches of Chalkida: Asteria, Rodies, Souvala, Kourenti, Papathanassiou, LianiAmmos. l Riding Club at Pei, with great facilities and a café. 6 Emir Zade Mosque Chalkida

The Euripos phenomenon This is a phenomenon whereby the tidal currents change direction every six hours, possibly due to the narrowness of the Strait, the volume of water and the gravitational pull exerted by the Moon and the Sun on the Earth. The phenomenon has been studied byAristotle (who died in Chalkida) and many modern scientists from Greece and overseas. A definitive explanation was provided by ProfessorDimitris Aiginitis , according to whom this phenomenon is caused by the difference in the levels of the water in the Northern and Southern Gulf of Evia, in combination with the effect of the moon's gravitational pull. This brings about the creation of aregular current , which runs for 22-23 days for approximately six hours towards the North and then back and which alternates four times a day (24 hours 22 min and 2 sec) where the water current velocity reaches 10 miles per hour. Theirregular current appears when the Moon and the Sun are in quadrature (at 90 degree angles viewed from the earth) and lasts two to three days. The frequency with which the flow of the current alternates can reach twelve times a day, while its velocity can be one to two miles per hour.

Photo Vathy Galazio

7 Eretria “Eretria was previously known as Melania and Arotria” (Strabo, Geographica, C 447)

Eretria

In antiquity Eretria was the second most mercial interests made the city wealthy important city on the island, after and the sanctuary to Apollo, the first Chalkida. Along with other Evian cities, observed vaulted temple was built during Eretria took part in the Trojan War (Iliad , that era. Eretria played an important role II, 537) and in the 8th century BC estab- in processing theEuboean Alphabet and lished colonies along the coasts of Mac- in spreading its use to the West, through edon, Corfu and mainly in the West (Italy colonisation. and Sicily). Its powerful and active com- In the Archaic era the authority of the Aeinautes was established here, and the city developed into a considerable marine power. At the close of the 6th century and on the site of an older temple to Apollo a monumental peripteral temple of the Doric order was built, which was later destroyed by the Persians, when they invaded in 490 BC. The Western pediment (510 BC) of the temple, showing the Battle of the Amazons, contained a sculpture complex showing Theseus seizing Antiope (now in the town's Archaeological Museum). Sculpture complex The first building phases on the ancient showing theatreand the Tholos , a circular Theseus building in the city's ancient agora, date and Antiope th from the Temple back to the 5 century BC. Eretria seceded of Apollo from the Athenian Confederacy to which Eretria Museum it belonged in 411 BC, forming an alliance with other cities in Evia, the Koinon ton Euboeon. The city's prosperity in the 4th and 3rd centuries BC is reflected in its 8 monuments. Thehouse of mosaics is the Eretria

Amphitheatre from the Hellenistic Era and stage from the Roman Era major remnant from this period. After 338 Archaeological site North of the BC the city came under the influence of Museum: Phillip II of Macedon. From 295 to 268 l Western Gate, Early Archaic Period; BC,Menedemos , the Cynic philosopher, Temple ofAres, final phase 2nd century founder of the Eretrean school of BC;Palace , final phase 5th century BC, philosophy, and teacher to Antigonus Temple of Dionysus, 4th century BC; Gonatas, ruled the city, which was Upper Gymnasium, 4th century BC; destroyed by the Romans in 198 BC. Thesmophorion (Sanctuary to In 1834 the newly established kingdom Demeter), 3rd century BC. of Greece decided to build a new city on l Tomb of the Erotes, a tomb in the the ruins of Old Eretria, charging the Macedonian style, 4th century BC. Bavarian architectSchaubert , a l Macedonian Tombat Kotroni collaborator ofKleanthis , with preparing a town plan. The land was distributed to l Excavations of an Early Christian freedom fighters from Psarra, including Basilica atAghia Kyriaki , 3 km SE of the family ofKonstantis Kanaris . the town. Today Eretria is one of the most important tourist resorts on the island, The Archaeological Museum of thanks to its important archaeological Eretria, near the archaeological site of the sites, large-scale hotels, wonderful ancient city contains finds from the beaches, easy access from Attica via ferry excavations in the town, as well as from boats to and from Oropos, its tavernas, digs atLefkanti and Amarynthos . ouzeri, pubs and cafes. In the past, Eretria was inhabited by refugees fromAsia Minor.

Important monuments in Eretria: l Baths in the region of the Harbour,3rd century BC first phase. l Temple of Isis southeast of the city, first th phase: 4 century BC, second construc- Temple tion phase after 198 BC of Apollo Daphnephoros l Lower Gymnasium on the southeast- ern side of the city, first phase 4th century BC. 9 :

10 Photo Giorgos Giannakis Central Evia

The region around Chalkida offers Places of interest: many opportunities for interesting l Temple ofArtemisAulideios The ruins excursions. from the Roman phase of construction Arriving fromAthens you encounter the in the sanctuary and the temple, which historicalMunicipality of Aulis whose researchers identify as the temple where capital isVathy , and which includes the Iphigeneia, according to Pausanias, municipal departments of Kalohori- served as head priestess after being Panteihio, ParaliaAvlidos and Pharos . saved from the ritual knife of her father Known fromHomer as the site of the Agamemnon, by the goddess herself. Sacrifice of Iphigeneia, Aulis is on l Kolpos Nafpigiou (Shipyard Bay Boeotian coastline on the Southern Gulf Megalo Vathy). Believed to be the of Evia. harbour where the Greek forces departed to make war on Troy. The surrounding area has beautiful shallow beaches, a fishing refuge, pension and rooms for rent, taverns andouzeri , and ************** is renowned for its nightlife. There is also Continuing on towards Chalkida, a short a rapidly developing market for weekend distance from Aulis, you encounter the and holiday homes in the area. deviation going toDrosia and Lukisia in theMunicipality ofAnthedon . The Municipality of Aulis is connected by a beautiful coastal route toDilesi , Easy road access to Athens, Chalkida Halkoutsi, Skala Oropou , as well as and Thebes make the area ideal for Athens, and there is a regular long- recreation and entertainment, particularly during the summer, due to its natural distance bus service and trains. beauty, extended and amazing beaches Viticulture is very developed in Aulis and deep crystal clear seas. The area's and several large wineries are established image benefits from picturesque taverns, there. We have no reservations in localouzeri and mainly from the well- recommending to visitors that they should developed nightlife, particularly along the seek out wines from the region. renownedAlykes beach.

Temple of Artemis Aulideios

11 Paralia(Beach) Avlidos (Photo: Giorgos Giannakis) Central Evia

Ktyponisi Anthedon

Anthedon is the place which, according andGaidaros are some of the many to its name,produces flowers . According beautiful beaches along this coastline. to Pausanias the city ofAnthedon took its Pressing on we come to the endless beach name from KingAnthus or from the of Loukisia and the road brings us to the nymphAnthedon . picturesque fjord-like bay ofSkorponeri . An important port, the city played a major role in the development of the *************** general region. Leaving Chalkida and heading north we In the area is theTomb of Salganeas , come toNeaArtaki , a refugee village that the Boeotian navigator whom the Persians has developed into a modern town, almost executed on this spot in 480 BC, believing an extension of Chalkida. It took its name that he deceived them by leading them fromArtaki , a town in the province of into the Straits of Euripos, which they Kyzikoson the Propontis (the Sea of considered could be navigated. Marmara). It is known for its beautiful Along the shoreline of Loukissia are beaches, its ouzeri serving fresh seafood, important harbour installations dating and traditional dishes fromAsia Minor. back to the Hellenistic Era and up to the The region has provided a wealth of Early Byzantine era. material concerning the habitation of The chapel ofAghios Georgios , part Palaeolithic men in the Helladic region way between Drosia and Loukissia has and their activities. interesting wall paintings dating from the The shop run by the "Kyzikos” 14th to the 17 th century. Women's Cooperativeand the “Nea A noted landmark in the area is Krini” Women's Cooperative in the Ktyponisi, also known as Egglezonisi centre of town are worth a visit. (the Englishman's island) from its only This is also the location of some of the inhabitant in the nineteen thirties. largest white meat production facilities in The bay ofAghios Minas , with its Greece. wonderful sandy beach and picturesque At Nea Artaki there is a fork in the road. taverns situated next to the waves, along If you keep on going straight you go to withValopoula , Bournondas , Panagitsa Messapia and on to Northern Evia; turning right will take you to beautiful Dirfy and to some of the wonderful beaches of eastern Evia; while you can also take the scenic mountain route is far as Kymi.

*************** Nea Artaki In the region of the Municipality of Messapiayou can visit Psachna (seat of the Municipality),Politika , and Daphni , with their extensive beaches, verdant mountain villages on the foothills of Dirfy 12 and learn the wild beauty of Limnionas Central Evia

and the other, smaller beaches on the Aegean Sea side. Messapia is one of the most productive plains in Evia, with renowned agricultural products. Places of interest: l Folklore Museum of Psachna l Anastasios Liaskos Historical-War Museumat Kontodespoti Limnionas l Kastri Psachnon, where there is a Venetian castle and traces of an ancient settlement. l The VenetianTowerat Triada l The VenetianTowerat Politika l TheHouse of General Kriezotis in Triada. Inside the house excavations Folklore have revealed an Early Christian Museum basilica of Psachna l TheStatue of Angelis Govios , at the Psachna Kastella crossroads l The Monastery of Panagia Perivleptou Politikon l The Monastery of Aghios Ioannis Kalyvitis l The Monastery of Panagia Makrymallis l Kolovrechtis, a wetlands habitat Anastasios protected by Presidential decree. Liaskos l Varka, a hillock within the wetlands, on Historical-War which were located the remnants of a Museum sea-front settlement of the Early Neolithic era and traces of habitation honoured the goddess Hera. from the MycenaeanAge. This is the region whereDiakria and Oechalia, the city of Eurytus , are believed to have been located, which, *************** according to mythological tradition, was Returning to Nea Artaki and taking the destroyed byHeracles . route East, we begin to drive up the lower The landscape is imposing atSteni (seat slopes of Mount Dirfy, entering the of the Municipality), where steep rocks boundaries of theMunicipality of Dirfy . lead the eye up into the sky, while tall We are now in nature wild. Starting with plane trees tame the waters throughout the pine and olive trees lower down, osiers year. Make a stop in the square for a coffee and willows in the ravines, chestnut trees and a spoon sweet and fill your water and fir trees as you climb higher. canteens at theVryssi tou Giatrou - the Now officially anAesthetic Forest , it is doctor's fountain, before continuing on to protected by Presidential Decree since Katafygioand Hiliadou . 1977, while due to the rarity of its Mountaineers and nature lovers can ecosystem the entire range of Mount Dirfy enjoy, year-round, the beautiful and well is part of theNATURA 2000 Network markedhiking routes , as well as the (GR2420002). recently laid outclimbing field . They can It is also not a matter of chance that for also stay overnight at the Hellenic Alpine the Ancient Greeks Mount Dirfy was Club of Chalkida ”Michalis Nikolaou” Mountain Refuge, located at an altitude sacred ground, a place where they 13 Central Evia

Mount Dirfy, Mountain Refuge

of 1,100 m. It takes almost two hours to over the last few years, attracting large climb from the Mountain Refuge to the numbers of visitors over the summer peak (altitude 1,745m), while it takes months. On the northern section of the three hours to hike from the Refuge to coastline there is a specially demarcated Xirovouni. For information about hiking, nudist beach. visitors can refer to the recent publication Kathenoi, Loutsa, Aghios Atha- by the Prefectural Local Government nassios, Glyfada, Stropones, Lamari, "Monopatia tis Evias" (The Footpaths Theologos, and many more places around of Evia), or contact the Municipality of here are well known for their meat and Dirfy and the Hellenic Alpine Club of poultry. Chalkida. Other places of interest: Those who prefer the sea have an l The Monastery of Erionat Kathenoi , opportunity to enjoy the endless beaches located in a magical ravine. That very atHiliadou and Metohi , as well as place was once the source of water for countless others that are smaller, with the town of Chalkida. their deep blue, clear waters. Hiliadou in particular has seen major development l Skouderi, a Venetian tower and an old settlement. l Aghia Kyriaki, a cave-chapel at Kampia l Trout farms at Kampia l TheAgali Ravine , which is exciting to cross. Recently the Prefecture of Evia has undertaken work to support and promote this. l TheVoidokleftra Cave at Aghali, which shows traces of Prehistoric habitation. l The VenetianTowerat Pissonas l The Old Monastery of Panaghia Hiliadou.

The beaches at Hiliadou and Metohi

14 Agali Ravine Central Evia

Leaving Chalkida behind you and taking the route south, after about four kilometres you can visitNea Lampsakos , also a refugee village, famous for its ouzeri eating places.Bourtzi ( Aghios Nikolaos) with its lovely beach, great fish taverns and traces of earlier fortifications lies across the Strait fromAulis. Vassilikois the seat of the Lelantine Municipality, and is a major industrial centre. Its port is the highly organised town ofLefkandi , with its massive sandy beach and crystal clear waters. There is a wide variety of small and large hotels, apartments, tavernas, ouzeri, cafés and clubs. Lefkanti, Xeropolis Places of interest: l TheLelantine Plain. The fertile plain, run through by the river Lelantas, is verdant with grave vines, olive and fruit trees. It is also famous for very good wines produced by a number of small producers. l TheVenetian Castle at Fylla, connected to myths and history Fylla was the name of the Frankish baronial castello built in the 13th century, seat of the legendary Licarius. l TheVenetian Towers at Lelantine and theVenetianTower at Vassiliko. l The Monastery of Aghios Georgios ARMA l The Ancient City ofXeropolis at Lefkandi, which provided vital information concerning the so-called Dark Ages. Venetian l The archaeological site of Kalo- Towers gerovryssinear Afrati . Excavated at Lelantine Neolithic settlement.

Nea Lampsakos (Photo: Giorgos Giannakis)

15 CASTLES AND TOWERS There are a number of important fortifications dating from medieval times that tower magisterially over Evia. The towers, besides their purely defensive character, also formed links in a communications network, where using light signals, their defenders could send warnings of imminent danger from one end of the island to the other. This was similarly the case withphryctories (signalling beacons) in classical times, which have been located on Kantili, Eretrian Olympus, Dirfy (on the Mallas plain) and on other mountain locations on the island.

16 Central Evia

Amarynthos The region ofAmarynthos (seat of the l Post-Byzantine chapel to Panaghia Municipality of the same name) is an ideal Ampoudiotissa, sheltered by enormous spot for a rest, as it has beautiful beaches pine trees, with running waters along the and nearby mountain villages. fringes of a fir-tree forest with alpine The history of the region goes back to meadows. the depths of time. It is said that it bears the l TheAmpoudiotissa Plateau for hikers name ofAmarynthos , hunter and com- and nature lovers. panion of the Goddess Artemis. Archaeol- ogists have excavated evidence of Neo- lithic human activity atPalaiohora and Gymno. In historical times Amaranthos was known throughout Greece due to its sanctuary to Artemis Amarynthia or Amaryssia. The mountainous region of the Munici- pality is also of great interest. There are picturesque villages in a verdant environment that call to a visitor's soul. Ano The Venetian Vatheia, Gymno, Kallithea, Setta all Tower constitute a very interesting day excursion. at Gymno Places of interest: l Theedifice of a Macedonian tomb on the road toAno Vatheia. l TheMonastery of Aghios Nikolaos at Ano Vatheia. l TheVenetianTower at Gymno l The Folklore Museum ofAno Vatheia l The Cross-roofed post-Byzantine TheTheatre at Setta Church of Panaghia atAno Vatheia (Photo: l The Nikos Papakonstantinou Theatre Vathy Galazio) at Setta, built in accordance with ancient principles, cut out of the rock amongst the fir trees. 17 The Venetian Castle at Fylla (Photo:Vasilis Sykas) Central Evia

The Venetian Tower at Milaki

Continuing on past Amarynthos, you l Rizokastroor Rizopyrgos , a Venetian reachAliveri (seat of the Municipality of Castle atAliveri Tamyneoe). This is a modern town with l TheVenetianTower at Milaki strong economic development. The port for Aliveri is the picturesqueKaravos , which draws people from the general area and beyond. The varied night life and fresh fish draw an enthusiastic response from visitors. It is worth visiting the neighbouring villages to meet the friendly and welcoming inhabitants, and also to swim in the blue waters of Akti Nireos. Places of interest: l TheRoman Baths and the Venetian Tower in the area near the Public Power Corporation thermo-electrical power plant l TheMycenaean tomb at Katakalou l TheVenetianTower at Trachili l TheSkoteini Cave at Tharrounia The Venetian Tower at Trachili

Avlonari (Photo: Vathy Galazio)

18 Central Evia

Kalamos (Photo: Elliniko Panorama) Your next stop will be atAvlonari (seat l Octonia Castle (ruins) of theMunicipality of Avlonas ). The l The Spring of Nikoletta at Neochori ground morphology and scenery is such that there is year-round tourism here. The *************** area has been gifted by nature with beauty Nature and its geographical relief (hills unparalleled. The combination of the and mountains) set the scenery for the wonderful sea, endless clean sandy Municipality of Konistra, with its seat of beaches (Korasida , Kalamos , Mourteri , the same name, and this is where alterna- Agios Merkourios, Bournias etc.), with tive forms of tourism are being developed. the inland areas which are covered in The region extends to the foothills of the vegetation, run through by the Nileas Kotylaion Mountains (also known as River, create an ideal environment for Mavrovouni - Black Mountain) and the nature lovers. valley formed by the riverManikiatis . You shouldn't neglect to visit the shop of Places of interest: the"Avalona” Women's Cooperative , which offers amazing traditional home- l TheVenetianTower at Kadi made products. l The Castle / Citadel city La Cuppa at Places of interest: Dragonera above Vryssi. This dominates the entrance to the Manikiatis l National Resistance Monument in gorge and is built on the ruins of Helle- Lamboussa on the Lepouroi Neochori nistic fortifications. road l Neoclassical houses in Avlonari and Chania l VenetianTower atAvlonari l Church ofAghios Dimitrios at Chania, Avlonari. l Church ofAghia Thekla l Monastery of Leukes Castle city La Cuppa l Monastery of Karyes l Potiri Castle 19 Central Evia

Papanikolaou (inventor of the Pap smear), majorIoannis Velissarios and the Greek heroes, brothers Nikolos and Panagis Chartsas, who were executed by the Italians in 1944. There are regu- larly scheduled boats leaving the port of Kymi for the island ofSkyros . Platana , Stomioand Soutsini are just some of the wonderful beaches in the region, on the Aegean Sea. Kymi has an active Women's Coopera- tive that makes handicrafts from the cocoons of silkworms, called koukou- larika, as well as a local Fig Cooperative (Tel.2222031722). Visitors should also not miss out on the local traditional sweets (baklava , amygdalota , figs). Paralia Kymis The journey that began in Chalkida ends From Kymi you can return to Chalkida on the eastern coast of Evia and majestic by the amazing mountain route, through Kymi, the seat of the Municipality of the Metohi and Steni. same name. The town's name originates Ships for beautiful Skyros depart from from the Greek word for “waves”, the beach of Kymi. “kymmata ”, in testament to its nautical history. The town is lively and the local Places of interest: economy well developed, but its style is l Folklore Museum of Kymi Neoclassical, as if untouched by time. The l Potamia Archaeological Collection town rises amphitheatrically over the (in the village of Potamia, Kymi) Aegean Sea a balcony over the Aegean includes finds from the excavations with a lush green backdrop and wonderful carried out in the area views of the sea.Atown of captains, Kymi l Town Hall and many more neoclassical is the birthplace of Professor Georgios buildings

Kymi

20 Central Evia

l The Ioannis VelissariosMemorial l Memorial for the local heroes, brothers Nikolos and Panagis Chartsas l The Kymi Centre for Environmental Education (under construction on the site of the Mylonopoulerios Founda- tion) l The Merchant Marine Captain's School l Medicinal Springs at Choneftiko l The Church of Panaghia Laoutsanissa l The Monastery of the Transfigura- tion l Apokleidi Castle, the ruins of the medieval fortifications of Kymi (in the area of the Monastery of the Transfiguration) Georgios Papanikolaou l The Mantzari Monastery l Oxylithos Volcano (inactive) l The villages of the area (Enoria , Georgios Papanikolaou was born in Kalimerianoi,, Vitalo Andronianoi ,Kymi, Evia, in 1883 and died in Miami, etc.) are of incomparable beauty, as is Florida, in 1962. He was a famous doctor, the natural environment in the wider biologist and researcher. region of Kymi. The mountain settle- He studied Medicine at the University of ments around Kymi have been designated Landscapes of Outstanding Athens and moved to Germany in 1907, Natural Beauty (AÔ2011005). where he took a course in biology and then began his research into the field.

The Mourteri and Manikiotiko He left for the U.S. in 1913, where he Gorges, located in the general region worked as an assistant in the field of of the Municipalities ofAvlonas , anatomy at Cornell University. He Konistraand Kymi , are also subsequently became lecturer, associate Landscapes of Outstanding professor and full professor of anatomy Natural Beauty (ÁÔ2011004) and histology at Cornell. He first applied his method for detecting cervical cancel (Pap test, or Pap smear) in 1923. He gave life to all women in the world, and gained many distinctions. He was awarded an Honorary Doctorate by the University of Athens Medical School in 1949, and became an honorary member of the Academy of Athens in 1957. He received the U.N. prize posthumously. 21 Folklore Museum of Kymi (Photo: Vathy Galazio) 22 Íorthern Evia “…and it was named Ellopia from Ellops, son of Ion” (Strabo, Geographica, C 445)

Pili (Photo: Elliniko Panorama)

Leaving behind you Chalkida and the centuries old plane tree forest, along Messapia, you meander up the bends of the bed of theKireas river . Aghios. Along the entire trip, up to the Greenery is rampant and the landscape highest point, picturesque taverns offer is perfect for nature lovers and hikers. The choice local meats and cheeses, and spe- beaches, too, are unique. Pili, Atalantos, cialise in peasant spaghettis and their Kymassi,and Krya Vryssi all reward famed frying pan bread. even the most demanding visitors. There is a wonderful pine forest, with arbutus, plane, elm and oaks trees that accompany your progress until you reach the height at which you find the first firs. After the first few turns on the descent, you enter the infamousDerveni , in the past the most inaccessible and well defended position. At 52 km into your journey you encounter Prokopi, a refugee village, which took its name fromProkopion in Cappadocia . In the past it was known as Ahmetagha. Today it is known throughout Greece as the site where the relics of Saint John the Russian, which the pious refugees brought with them during the exchange of populations. From Prokopi you take the road that leads to Pili, and its wonderful beach, and Plane Tree continue along the Aegean coastline Forest Kirea (Photo: towardsVlachia and S arakiniko . Giannis Fafoutis) Continuing along this road leads you to Mantoudi(seat of the Municipality of Kireos), through the dreamy landscape of 23 Íorthern Evia

the only still operational water mill and water press, located at Spathari . Places of interest: l The Church of Saint John the Russian l Museum of the Forest, at Prokopi l Megas Platanos, a natural monument at Paraskevorema (on the road from Prokopi to Mantoudi) l Sarakatsanic Cottage Museum at Mantoudi l Fortification ofAncient Kirinthos

*************** Museum of The area of Mount Kandili / the valley The journey continues through the the Forest, Municipality of Elymnioi, and its seat in at Prokopi of Prokopi / the Delta of the Kireas the beautiful nautical town ofLimni (the (Photo: River, a swathe which extends from the Giannis Fafoutis) ancient city ofElymnion ). Built to rise Northern Gulf of Evia to the Aegean, is of amphitheatrically up from the Northern particular environmental interest and is Gulf of Evia, this town has a centuries- listed in theNATURA 2000 Network long history and a great naval tradition. (GR2420003). The region has a great Most people are unaware of the Prehis- variety of forested expanse, with decidu- toric finds, the ancient cities, the monas- ous as well as evergreen trees, with large teries which are some of the oldest in the numbers of local native plants most of land located on the site of temples that which are quite rare as well as a variety of date back to the time of Homer, the rem- birds, particularly birds of prey. nants of Byzantine buildings, that exist At Kantili, as well as at Pyxarias, there alongside its island architecture, which is are many interesting footpaths, for those still preserved. All these elements reward who enjoy mountain hiking, and the further investigation. inland settlements are also worth investi- Ancient Elymnion according to gating. A major local point of interest is Thucydides, was most likely destroyed by

Limni

24 Íorthern Evia

earthquakes, as were the cities alongside it, Orobiaeand Aegae . The picturesque Historical and Folk- lore Museum of Limni is crammed full of the area's rich cultural tradition and even includes a small archaeological collection. There are many interesting agrotourism facilities in the general area of the Municipality of Elymnioi. You should seek them out. Places of interest: l Excavations of the Early Christian basilica at the centre of Limni l The beaches at Limni and Rovies l The church of Aghios Ioannis- Katounia Saint John the Russian l The Monastery of Agios Nikolaos Galatakis at the foothills of Mount Kandili One of the most important religious sites, l The Monastery of the Blessed David not just in Evia but in the whole of Greece, l The VenetianTowerhouseat Rovies is the church of St. John the Russian, l Stefani Castle, the ruins of a castle located in Prokopi, Northern Evia. The dating from classical times at Mourtias Saint's holy relics, which refugees from l The TombaziMansion at Kechries Prokopi in Cappadocia brought over to l Thewaterfalls of the Drymon river their new home in 1925, are kept at the l The RoviesAgricultural Cooperative, church. Thousands of visitors pilgrims which is a model of good cooperative visit the Saint, especially on the 27th of practice and collective effort May, the day his memory is celebrated. l The Women's Cooperative, which has Christians from all across the land come to traditional weavings. pray to him and ask fore his help during difficult times.

St. John was born in Russia in 1690, served in the Russian Army and taken prisoner in 1711, during the war between Russia and Turkey. He was enslaved by a Turkish officer in Prokopi, Cappadocia. John, who was a Christian, took over the care of his master's animals, while being humiliated by the Ottomans. The stable where he lived was turned into a place of prayer, and many miracles are attributed to him during the course of his life. John passed away on the 27th of May 1730, and his body was buried by the Christians of Prokopi, who brought it over to their new home in 1925. 25 The Monastery of Agios Nikolaos Galatakis Íorthern Evia

Loutra Aidipsou

The road continues along the coast to the From olden days Aidipsos was known famous spaLoutra Aidipsou (seat of the for its copper foundries and this might be Municipality of Aidipsos), which the reason why it is one of the few cities Ancient Greek sources say were dedicated that had its own coinage. This coin, toHeracles ( Thermae Herculeae ). depicted byRigas Feraios on his Charta , This magical area is known around the had a crab on one face and a fish on the world from ancient times for the benefits other, symbolising the marine wealth of the area. of its rich subsoil and the gifts brought forth from the depths of the earth. Besides the road network, the city is well served by ferryboat services from Aidipsos can attract even the most Arkitsa on the mainland coast of discriminating visitors and lead them to Fthiotida, as well as the ferries of Glyfas / discover its wonderful hidden secrets. It is Agiokambos. a welcoming town, full of life, with Today there are more than 80 medicinal intense colours and strong aromas, gifting springs, whose temperature ranges from all visitors with serenity and intellectual 28ïï C to 86 C. Their medicinal attributes clarity. have the reputation of being effective in Plutarch describes the social life that curing various ailments. had developed in the city, his pleasant and The new Hydrotherapy Centre run by entertaining stay there, and makes refer- the Greek National Tourism Organisation, ence to the excellent local diet, with plenty as well as many modern hotels offer full of fish and poultry.Strabo mentions the spa capabilities. appearance of new springs and their heal- Places of interest: ing properties. l The Aidipsos Archaeological Collec- tion, at the GNTO Hydrotherapy Centre has a display of ceramics; coins; statue plinths bearing inscriptions; The Monastery statues and relief sculptures found on of Aghios Georgios recovery digs throughout the town, most Elion of which are related to the thermae or spas and how they were in the Hellenis- tic and Roman Eras 26 Íorthern Evia

l The Neoclassical building of the Aghioi Anargyroi spa, next to the contemporary GNTO Spa l Roman Balnea / Thermae Sylla l The Monastery of Aghios Georgios Elion, located at a magical spot, with an endless horizon and rich flora, on the hilltop ofValanti hill. This was previously the location of the temple of Apollo Phoebus Selountios, sun god (in Greek sun is Helios), giving its name to the nearby settlement. l Thebeach of Aghios Nikolaos , a long beach with olive groves extending to the edge of the water, with a deep colour, two kilometres from the Baths. The beach UsingAghios Georgios as its port and at Monolia l Yialtra, a picturesque fishing village on with regular ferryboat services to Aghios an inlet of the same name, with a cove Konstantinos on the opposite coast, this that serves as a natural fish farm. town is a gift of nature to every visitor. l Roman balnea on the beach ofYialtra. The region has a rich and fascinating history. *************** There is a host of small hotels and tav- The Community of Lichada erns that make a stay comfortable and pleasant. Endless beaches, crystal-clear waters, pine tree forests touching the waves and Due to its natural wealth, the mild land- spread out holiday homes, this is the idyl- scape and the complex ecosystem sus- lic image of the Lihada peninsula on the tained in the region of Mount Telethrion / north-western point of Evia. Lihada / Yialtra, it is included in the Natura 2000 Network (GR2420005), On the waters of the Evian and the while the islets ofStroggyli (AT2011042), Maliac Gulfs it faces Kallidromos, Oeti, Monoliaand Lichades (AT2011050) are and Othrys. designated Landscapes of Outstanding According to local mythology, the Natural Beauty. peninsula is part of the body ofLichas , Places of interest: who was slain by Heracles, while his head l Cape Kynaio formed theLichadonisia islands. l The Lighthouse of Vassilina,a remarkable stone-built construction l Lichadonissia: at Stroggyli the stone- built Lighthouse and the ruins of the Monastery of Aghios Grigorios. The organised beaches on the islet of Monolia l Footpaths for hiking through the green countryside l ADiving Centre that operates all year round, as well as boats for excursions to the Lichadonisia islands. 27 Aghios Georgios, Lichada Íorthern Evia

Oreoi

The journey through Northern Evia con- Places of interest: tinues withOreoi (seat of the Municipal- l The 4th century BCMarble Bull on the ity of the same name). The name is taken beachfront. from theancient city of Oreos . The city l The ruins of the ancient acropolis was established by the Athenian generals (parts of the wall are visible). Tolmides and Pericles in 447 BC, when l Byzantine and MedievalCastle . they settled land grants on 2,000 Athenian l The Byzantine church of Aghios cleruchy. After the Peloponnesian War the Vassilios, which appears to have been city fell to the Spartans, who threw out the built on the site of a pre-existing ancient Athenians. Later, it was taken by the Mace- temple. donians and the Romans (200 BC). l TheOreoi Archaeological Collection , It is a quickly developing tourist desti- which is on display at the town hall on nation, with a handsome port, where one the beachfront, near the marble statue of can enjoy a meal of very fresh fish. The a bull, and includes finds from the village is renowned for the exceptional region, most of which date back to the quality of the ouzeri on its beachfront. Hellenistic and Byzantine eras. Oreoi are a popular tourist destination. l TheChurch of Panaghia Nisiotissa at In the summer months, and during the win- Neos Pyrgos. ter weather permitting they are connected by boat toTrikeri and Volos . The surrounding area is ideal for fishing, either from the beach or by boat, along the Oreoi channel and off the lovely island of Argyronissos, which is just 2 nautical miles away. Lovers of alternative forms of tourism, Marble Bull, find opportunities for mountain biking Oreoi (around the villages ofKamatriades and Taxiarchis), as well as for horse riding . There are also many footpaths for hiking. 28 Íorthern Evia

Histiaia, Kanatadika Next stop isHistiaia , seat of the Munic- Nikolaosare part of the NATURA 2000 ipality of the same name. Its history also Network (GR2420004). harks back to the Neolithic age, as a settle- Kanatadika is a tourist resort, particu- ment from those times was located in the larly during the summer months attracting area. Homer makes reference to Histiaia tourists with the endless beach and pictur- polystaphyllos (rich in vines) as one of the esque taverns. cities of Evia in thecatalogue of ships . Equally interesting is the mountain The area contains one of the few region with picturesque villages nestled in wetlands habitats in Eastern mainland vegetation and the thick forests. Greece and as such has increased environ- You can also visit the Museum of Natu- mental interest. Mikro and Megalo ral History, which is maintained, with Livari lagoons are important resting great care and effort, by the Histiaia Hunt- places for migratory and over-wintering ing Club. birds. The largest population of otters lives here, and there are small expanses of alluvial and riverine forest, which have *************** been designated Natural Monuments for Artemisio is the seat of the Municipal- Conservation. The complex of Mikro ity of the same name. Its name used to be and Megalo Livari the Xiria Delta and Kourbatsi. the Deciduous Forest of Aghios In 1926 the name was changed in honour of the goddess Artemis, as it is believed that a temple in her honour existed atAghios Georgios. There still exist buildings from the years of Ottoman occupation and these give a particular flavour to Artemisio. Nature

Drosinis Tower

29 Swans at Megalo Livari Íorthern Evia

a horse, which now on display at the National Archaeological Museum in Athens. Thecape of Artemisio was the site of a major naval battle in 480 BC, in the wars between the Greeks and the Persians. The village ofGouves has a medieval tower, where the poet Georgios Drosinis used to live. It is also worth visiting the lovely beaches at Asmenio, Ellinika, Agrio- votano, as well as the renowned Psaropouli, the beach at Vassilika .

*************** Ùñåïß The journey through Northern Evia The beach ends up in the region of the Municipality at Ellinika lovers can follow the gorge that starts up a short way out of the village, and is covered of Neleus. Aghia Anna (seat of the in plane trees, pines and walnut trees and Municipality) is smothered in vegetation, leads toAgrilitsa . The view from here is and built as an amphitheatre, looking on the sea and the view of the Sporades across magnificent, overlookingPilio and the the sea. Sporades Islands. Its name comes from the icon of Saint Pefki is famous for its immense pine- Anne in the church of the same name, tree covered sandy beaches and its crystal which is believed to cause miracles. clear waters. Archaeological investigations at Agali Passenger ships organise day cruises to brought to light Palaeolithic flint tools theSporades that leave from this port. made using theLevallois technique. The statue of Poseidon of Artemision Visitors to theMuseum of Folk Art at was fished out of the waters around Aghia Anna can admire the unique tradi- Artemisio, as was the statue of a youth on tional dress of the region and become

Pefki

30 Íorthern Evia

Aghia Anna (Photo: Elliniko Panorama) familiar with old customs and the way Anna. It holds finds from investigations local inhabitants lived until recently. by the palaeontologists of the University Ayianna, as it is colloquially known, of Athens; mammals that lived in Evia also gathers people from all over Greece more than six million years ago. Fossils of forCarnival and the events of the con- Deinotheria, Helladotheria, Samotheria nected festival of Apokrea, which are par- and Agylotheria, are surrounded by rem- ticularly colourful. nants of small mammals including ponies, The atmosphere is truly Dionysian and bovines and boars, as well as carnivorous visitors can enjoy wine andmeze with the felines, samples of the exceedingly rare locals, and have the opportunity to enjoy prehistoric fauna found in the region. themselves listening to some of the thou- These finds, suitably preserved by the Uni- sands of pejorative songs and verses, versity of Athens are display for the first which are connected with the local tradi- time to the public in an original manner. tion for this festival. Visitors should also visit the wonderful The Gorge of Nileas (Arapis) begins and endless beachesAgali (Aghia Anna) spectacularly in an area of immense natu- andFrangaki (Achladi). ral beauty, about three kilometres west of Ayianna and leads, after a two-hour hike through water, to the bridge of Amelanta and five hours later toKerasia . The Kerasia Museum of Fossilised Mammals was inaugurated in September 2006, and is 6 kilometres west of the Chalkida-Histiaia road, north of Aghia

The Gorge of Nileas

The Kerasia Museum of Fossilised Mammals (Photo: Elliniko Panorama)

31 The Frangaki beach, Achladi 32 South Evia

The road fromAliveri to Kymi leads you to South Evia - Karystia and the gateway to this region would be considered to be the crossroads at Lepoura, when you head south. From this point on visitors can follow the road to the furthest settlement on Evia, in the region Kaphereus (Cavo Doro).

*************** The first stop on your way is the Munic- ipality of Dystia. Its many points of natural beauty and its untouched nature it is particularly welcoming to those who love alternative forms of tourism. Nature lovers will fall in love and will enjoy countless hours hiking the footpaths through beautiful landscapes and watch- ing rare water birds on the wetlands of Lake Dystos. The lake, which has a frag- Buffalo, Aghios Dimitrios, Stomio and Stomio ile ecosystem and constitutes a transit and Heiromili point on the migratory path of many birds, Heiromili. is part of theNATURA 2000 Network Places of interest: (GR2420008). l Ancient Dystosand the Venetian The seat of the Municipality isKrieza , Tower on the hilltop within the lake. which gave its name to the chieftain l TheSarai , a complex of buildings Nikolaos Kriezotis. inside the precincts of the lake, a Along the eastern coast of the munici- remaining monument of the feudal form pality is the organised beach of Aghioi of economic relations Apostoloi, where you may find hotels, l The excavations of an Early Christian rooms to let, tavernas, ouzeri, pubs, cafes, basilica at Aghia Triada etc. l The Venetian Tower at Koutou- There is also a newly opened Diving moulas Centre. l Water mills at Petries. Still maintained The old village of Zarakes has been in relatively good condition in the designated a traditional settlement. Petries gully Other beaches: Fryniakos, Porto l Windmills at Zarakes

Lake Dystos

33 The Venetian Tower at Koutoumoulas ()Photo: Vasilis Sykas 34 South Evia

Styra Your course through South Karystia l The mill of Mavromichalis - kokkino- continues through the Municipality of mylos (red mill) Styraies, and the current seat of this l Styra town square, with the spring of Municipality, the picturesqueStyra . This Lais land was inhabited by the Dryopes in l Drakospito(Dragon House) at Kapsala antiquity. Its geographical position, natu- l Drakospita(Dragon Houses) at Palli ral beauties, good climate and many trans- Laka port links throughferries to the coast of l TheAncient Quarries of Styrian Stone Attica that lies across the straits (Aghia l Nea Styra Heroon (Heroes') Square Marina-Nea Styra & Almyropotamos), l Folklore Museum of Kapsala have made the region a major tourist resort. l Modern hotels, rented rooms, sea sports, Centuries-old olive trees at the Church picturesque little taverns on the beach and of the Dormition of the Theotokos at a vivid nightlife create a cosmopolitan Almyropotamos image. Visitors are recommended to take a relatively easy hike that takes about two and a half hours to complete, which passes by theDrakospita (Dragon Houses) and the ancient quarries and ends up on the hilltop with the ruins of thecyclopean wall , where the ruins of the Acropolis of Styra and themegalithic Gate ofArmenon the emblem of the Municipality of Styra are located. Fossils of mammals that are over eight million years old have been found at Almyropotamos, another tourist resort with beautiful beaches and a variety of Nimporio l TheIslets ofAlmyropotamos and Styra accommodation. Places of interest: l Beaches: Nea Styra, Porto Lafia, l The ruins of theancient acropolis at the Nimporio, Limnionas,Almyrihi l Charakas Gorge top of Styra, and the Gate ofArmenon 35 Gate of Armenon South Evia

Marmari Next stop is the region of the Munici- Marmari, including: Chryssi Ammos, pality of Marmari with the seat of the Kokkini, Fygias, Kavoi, Zastani, same name. They say that the name comes Lykorema, Aghia Eirini, Baniera, from the wonderful cipollino marble that Rossa, Vassiliko, Schoinodavli, was quarried in the region. Renowned Limnionas, Verelaioi, Kallianoi. even in antiquity it was used for columns Besides the lovely beaches, visitors can and floors to decorate temples and luxuri- also enjoyPetalioi , a magnificent com- ous homes. plex of islets made up of thirteen islands Marmari, built to rise amphitheatri- both big and small and rich in vegetation. cally, is a modern tourist resort. In the In the summer, frequent boat services will summer it is transformed from a pictur- take you there for a swim. esque fishing village to one of the most It is also worth visiting the area's many popular tourist resorts in the prefecture. picturesque villages, each of them unique Frequentferryboats from Rafina , which in its own way (Paradeisi, Melissonas, lies across the strait, are one reason for this. Aghios Dimitrios, Kallianoi, Katsaroni, The journey takes an hour. Stoupaioi, Varelaio, Actaio, Giannitis), There are several beautiful beaches in as well as enjoying a swim at the local beaches. Hiking enthusiasts can cross the gorge ofAghios Dimitrios , through a constantly changing landscape, ending up at the sea. Alternatively, they can head uphill for the Boublia peak ofMount Ochi , where the footpath commences at Aghios Dimitrios and ends up on the forested peak, where some of the oldest chestnut trees on Mount Ochi grow. The region is also famous for the quality of its meat and poultry. The gorge Places of interest: of Aghios l Dimitrios Fylagra Castle l Thelittle church of Ossios Loukas at Yiannitsi l The chapel of Aghios Isidoros at 36 Katsaroni South Evia

Karystos (Photo: Vathy Galazio) At the southernmost tip of Evia, in one every invader. of its most beautiful landscapes, is the site Kokkinokastro, known as Castello ofKarystos . The beautiful landscape is Rosso (the red castle) was built by the reminiscent of a Cycladic island, with Lombards at the dawn of the 13th century, verdant gorges and shimmering endless over the ancient acropolis in an exception- beaches. ally well-fortified place with a difficult This place has an ancient history, approach, and was utilised by all connected to legends. The austere mass of subsequent conquering invaders. Around MountOchi dominates the scene; the the mediaeval castle lies the amazing largest and best-preserved Drakospito castle town. Behind the castle, the (Dragon house) creates a note of legend. VenetianAqueduct is preserved. This is the mountaintop where Zeus was Bourtzi, a small fortress in the harbour supposed to have mated with Hera and (a coastal check point for the defence of from this the mountain draws its name. the city), was also built in the 13th century. For many years now Karystos has had It is one of the few of its kind and is increasing tourism development. It is the preserved in remarkably good condition. favoured destination of many Greek and It was built using the marble building overseas visitors, and has its fanatical blocks from theTemple of Apollo , admirers. located in the commercial district of the Its great economic development, due to town (the Evraiika or Jewish Quarter). the wealth of the interior and mining of the The Giokaleio cultural centre - a green cipollino marble, known as donation by the Kotsika family -, which Karystos stone, along with its strategic also houses theLibrary and the Archaeo- position and port, was a temptation to logical Museum, dominates the eastern side of the beach. It contains exhibits from all around Karystia from all different periods, as well as the most important finds from the excavations at the Drakospito on the peak of Mount Ochi. A visit to the Karystian house (The Deligiorgis Collection) provides a glimpse into life for the local society in the past. The town plan of Karystos today is due to King Otto and his Bavarian Engineer 37 Karystos, Columns 38 South Evia

Birbach, who designed the new town. Mountain hikers can stay overnight at theRefuge on Mount Ochi (the route is very inaccessible), and from there it only takes 45 minutes to reach the peak and the Drakospito or Dragon House. Alterna- tively they can take the footpath that starts atMyloi , passes through the ancient quarry with its imposingcolumns and reaches the Refuge after a three-hour hike. Bourtzi, Places of interest: Karystos l The Town Hall - Church of Aghios l Platanistos, the first and largest of the Nikolaos - the busts of the Kotsika villages on Cavo Doro that you meet family after leaving Karystos. The stone bridge, l Giokaleio - Bourtzi -Amalias Square - the traditional watermills, the area's Heroes Unknown Sailor Memorial wild landscape, and the endless, l The Karystia Centre for Environ- picturesque beach of Potami are not to mental Information in Kalyvia. be missed. Exhibition / Museum on local natural l A one-hour hike atArchamboli , history and sound show about the starting from the hamlet ofThymi and Dragon Houses. ending up at the dream-like beach of l The Montofoli Estate at Palaia Chora, Archamboli, where there is an which due to its cultivable and excavation of a settlement with metal particularly fertile soil was always a working workshops. point of reference in the many centuries of Karystos' history A Diving Centre for underwater activities operates in Karystos (Tel: l Kokkinokastro or Castello Rosso 2224025766). l The cave ofAghia Triada The area of Karystia is known for its l Petrokanalo, a plateau with a stone hut, faming produce, cheese, goat, lamb, which is the beginning of the hiking trail through the Dimosaris Gorge chicken, goglies pasta, chylopites (traditional pasta), pastries, wine, tsipouro l The villages of Gourna, Lala, Nikasi, and ouzo. Kalyvia, Grabia, Myloi, Aetos, Metohi, some of which have wonderful Importantagro-tourism units operate tavernas. in the region.

Castello Rosso (Photo: Vasilis Sykas)

39 Karystos ()Photo: Vathy Galazio South Evia

Drakospita (Dragon Houses)

The infamous Drakospita (Dragon Houses) are the most characteristic feature of Karystia. These are huge structures, made from large slabs of grey limestone, without mortar, built with daring and knowledge. There are over 20 drakospita in the wider area, built between the 7th and the 2nd century BC. The locals refer to them as Drago or Dhrago and think of them as the work and homes of supernatural dragons. The one located at the top of Mount Ochi is the most important and best preserved of all. It measures 4.85 m × 9.80 m and its entrance is on the large facade, in contrast to ancient temples whose entrance is usually on the small facade. The technique used to construct their roofs known as corbelling is characteristic. The slabs of stone are stacked up on top of one another, creating a structure reminiscent of an upturned trough. Judging by the findings, there is no doubt that they were indeed built as temples, places of worship. Professor N.K. Moutsopoulos was the most prominent researcher of the Drakospita.

40 South Evia

Dimosaris

“As I walked through this lushly verdant, shady gorge, full of dew and singing birds, I felt I should call it the Tempi of Karystos, as they can compete in beauty, in water and in the wealth of its greenery with those Tempi in Thessaly”. Tassos Zappas, Euboeica III, 1984, p. 119

The footpath in the gorge was once one of the main communication corridors for south Evia. One of the most well known and most interesting, in ecological terms, areas in Southern Evia. The name Dimosaris is Byzantine in origin. The trail through the gorge traverses the wilderness of Ochi, and is one of the main arteries of communication. The more attractive and less tiring route begins at the Petrokanalo pass (altitude 954m). The landscape is unique and of outstanding natural beauty. The journey features lush vegetation, cobbled paths, dozens of springs, small lakes, waterfalls and wildlife, offering hikers an ever-changing visual experience. The trail, which is passable and clearly marked, ends at Kallianos beach. The village of Lenosaioi is located about two thirds of the way there, after which the trail follows a dirt road and then another footpath that leads to the sea under the shade of plane trees. The local flora and fauna are unique. The general region of Mount Ochi Kafireus, to which the Dimosaris gorge belongs, is part of theNATURA 2000 Network (GR2420001) due to the unique features of its ecosystem. Cape Kafireus(AT2011001), Dimosari and Kastanologgos on Mount Ochi (AT2011105), as well as theValley of Rouklia (AT2011002) are designated Landscapes of Outstanding Natural Beauty. 41 42 Skyros

The town of Skyros (Chora) The largest island of the Northern ferry that ties up atLinaria and using the Sporades enchants with its varied land- airport. scapes: It is 22 nautical miles fromKymi , a trip Mountain terrain, pine covered land, that takes about two hours by ship. beautiful sandy beaches, picturesque bays. There is a wealth of history, as well as Its own individual island nature is myths and legends to be told about this engrossing and is perfect for all kinds of land. activities and forms of tourism. This is whereTheseus , exiled from Its name is taken from the famous Athens, died, when King Lycomedes, Skyrian variegated coloured marble* fearing for his throne, tossed him off a cliff. that the Romans used to built their manors. HereThetis hid her son Achilles , dis- The inhabitants of Skyros are mainly guising him as a girl, in order to protect involved in animal breeding. It is well him, and hereOdysseus penetrated his worth tasting and taking home with you disguise and took Achilles with him to some of the island's cheeses, as well as the Troy. wonderful lamb and goat meat. In later times the fate of the island ech- Skyros has seen a lot of tourist develop- oed the fate of the town. It fell succes- ment over the past few years. Many new sively to the Venetians, to pirates, and the hotel units offer visitors all desired conve- Turks, up to 1829, whereupon, along with niences. the remaining islands in the Sporades Access is easy, both with the new car chain, it was finally liberated. Folk art is particularly developed, with emphasis on woodcarving, weaving, embroideryand pottery making . The island nowadays is itself a living museum, because this heritage has been preserved. The traditional cube-shaped Skyrian house is renowned, due to its particular aesthetics and the absolute functionality of fitting everything into the smallest possible space. The decorative motifs used in local folk 43 Traditional Skyrian house Skyros

Linaria art are drawn steadily from the natural and Tsimiskisand Fokas . social environment. The Archaeological Museum of Many traditions record the genuine folk Skyros includes exhibits from the excava- consciousness of the island's inhabitants. tion atPalamari and from the temple of A crescendo is reached at the Skyrian Apolloon Fourka hill, while the folklore Carnival, part of the feast of Apokreo collection, also in the same building, is preceding Lent, whose precedents are lost noteworthy and includes a model tradi- in the mists of time, rooted as they are in tionalSkyrian home . centuries-old uncertainties and qualms TheFaltaits Museum is one of the best mankind has about life and death. The Greek folklore museums, and is also a starring roles in the Carnival festivities are Centre forTraditional Studies. held by theGeros (the old man), Corella The excellent church of the Aghia (a girl) andthe Frank , who was added Triadais located on a square that holds later on, probably in order to make fun of the statue ofRobert Brooke (sculpted by the first Frankish mode of dress (panta- Professor Michalis Tombros), English loons / jacket). In particular, the form of the Geros is unique compared to all other poet and Philhellene. Here there is a lovely Greek folk traditions. The Carnival takes view of theKambos and the long beach at place without any particular programme, Magazia. Brooke died on Skyros in 1915, due to the participation and the enthusi- while serving on a British war ship, and asm of the locals. his grave is atTreis Boukes , a natural harbour on the southernmost point of the The town of Skyros orChora is built island, which is secured by three corridors amphitheatrically on the hill; at the hilltop is the ancientAcropolis , which during the (boukes) between two large islands at its Byzantine era was converted into aCastle . mouth,Sarakiniko and Plateia . The ancient walls, as well as remnants of AtPalamari there is an excavation of a Byzantine and Venetian fortifications are third millennium settlement, whose still intact. The Monastery of Aghios inhabitants had developed trade with other Georgios, on a fortified position, domi- islands on the archipelago. Skyros was nates the scene. It has excellent wall paint- inhabited from the early NeolithicAge. ings and a wood iconostasis. It was built Skyros has approximately 300 during the 10th century by the Emperors churches and chapels, many of which

44 Faltaits Museum Palamari Skyros

have important features. Each chapel has its own position and its own particular grace. The island has countless beaches. To mention just a few there are: Magazia also known asGialos , Molos, Gyrismata, Pouria, Pefkos, Aghios Petros, Kyra Panagia, Agios Fokas, Acherounes, Kolympada, Treis Boukes, Kalamitsa, Achilli, Aspous, Palamari, Pappou to Houma,Atsitsa. The island is divided into two parts, connected by a flat strip of land from Kalamitsato Achilli (the bay from which Achilles is said to have left for Troy). The northwestern part is verdant and covered by forests ofpine trees and the Southeast- ern portion is mountainous and rocky, creating quite a contrast. Kochylas (alt. 792m) in the southern and more inaccessible portion of the island is part of theNATURA 2000 Net- work (GR2420006). It is worth hiking round the mountain, which despite being overgrazed and burnt off, still has Kermes oaks ()andQuercus coccifera Montpellier maples ( Acer monspessulanum) in tree/shrub form. Achilles' spear was made of maple. A unique small-bodiedSkyrian Pony (a form ofEquus cabalus that grows no taller than 1.07m or 11 hands in height) has lived free and half-wild on Kochylas for centuries. Skyros Chora(AT5011062), the bay of Kalogria, Atsitsaand the nearby Pine forest(AT2011032) as well as the island of Sarakino (AT5011061) are designated Landscapes of Outstanding Natural Beauty. 45 46 Island of Evia Monasteries and Places of Worship

The Monastery of Agios Nikolaos Galatakis (Photo: Giannis Fafoutis)

There are monasteries, monuments of l Early Christian Basilica of Agia Greek Orthodoxy, all over Evia, which are Paraskevi, Chalkida. The «tall and an integral part of our national heritage awkward church», as described by and a major tourist attraction, thrilling to Alexandros Papadiamantis in his novel all fans of religious tourism. «Fonissa», is probably the only Greek early-Christian monument that remains intact. It is near the port and the School Churches and Places of Worship of Infantry. l Church of Osios Ioannis the Russian l The Church of Agios Dimitrios of was built in 1951 inProkopi Kireos . Avlonari.Acruciform church in Chania The Relics of the Blessed Ioannis, Avlonariou. Perhaps the most beautiful brought over by devout refugees from church in Evia, in terms of architecture. Prokopi in Cappadocia in 1925, are kept in the church. l The Church of Agia Thekla. Featuring notable religious art, including some l Panagia Faneromeniin NeaArtaki. characteristic larger-than-life represen- tations of Saints.

47 Church of Osios Ioannis the Russian Panagia Faneromeni in Nea Artaki Island of Evia Monasteries and Places of Worship

Agia Kyriaki, in Kambia (Photo: Vasilis Sykas) Monasteries l The Monastery of Agios Nikolaos of l Monastery ofAgios Georgios Ilion. Ano Vatheia. l Monastery of Agios Charalambos l Monastery of Osios David Rovion. Lefkon. It owes its name to the tall l The Monastery of Agios Nikolaos aspen trees (lefkes) that surround it. Galatakis of Limni, at the foothills of l Monastery of Agios Ioannis Karyon. Kandili. There is a medieval (16th A cruciform church with excellent century) defensive fortress/tower in the frescoes, including a wonderful fresco Monastery's courtyard. of the Crucifixion. l Monastery of Panagia Perivleptou l Monastery of Agios Dimitrios Politikon. Katarrakti Oktonias. The fresco of the l Monastery of Osios Ioannis Kalyvitis Second Coming on the western wall is Psachnon. renowned for its diversity of themes l Monastery of the Dormition of the excellent micropainting. Virgin Mary Makrymallis. l Mantzari Monastery of Oksylithos. The oldest in Evia, after the Galataki l Monastery ofAgios GeorgiosARMA. Monastery. l Monastery of the Transfiguration of the Saviour of Kymi.

The cave of Agios Christodoulos in Limni (Photo: Vathy Galazio)

48 Monastery of Panagia Perivleptou Politikon (Photo: Vathy Galazio) Island of Evia Monasteries and Places of Worship l Monastery of Agios Georgios of Skyros. It dominates the landscape from its prominent position. It features interesting religious art and a wooden icon screen.

There are around 300 churches and chapels in Skyros, many of which are of great significance. Each chapel is Agios important and charming in its own way. Dimitrios of Avlonari Some characteristic names include: Archondopanagia, Panagia i Lemoni- l Agia Paraskevi of Loutsa. The fresco tria, Panagia t'Thodori, Panagia of scenes from the Second Coming on Tsyrapsomou, Panagia ton Viskon, the western wall is similar to the one in Panagia D'chounia, and Christos Agios Dimitrios Katarrakti, in terms of t'Arkoudi. Of special interest are also artistic value, theme and micropainting. several churches carved out of the rock l Agia Kyriaki, a chapel in Kambia or built inside caves, which are Stenis. commonly found in remote and hard-to- l The Monastery of the Dormition of reach locations. the Virgin Mary or Panagia Chil- The following monuments are also liadou. It is rumoured that it named worth visiting, for their special archite- Chilliadou (one thousand) on account of ctural, structural or historical features: being the one thousandth monastery built by the Byzantine Empress l The chapel ofAgios Georgios , between Theodora. Drosiaand Loukisia features wonder- l Post-Byzantine chapel Panagia ful religious art from the 14th to the 17th Amboudiotissa, on the outskirts of a fir century. forest, with alpine meadows, NE of l The Monastery of Ypapanti Erion or Setta. Monomeritissa, in Kathenous . Built in l Church of the Dormition of the Virgin 1637, according to an inscription. Maryin Aliveri , a cruciform church built in 1393, featuring several fine frescoes. l The cave of Agios Christodoulos in Limni. The hermitage of Osios Christodoulos, during the late 10th century. l Agios Vasileios Oreon, a Byzantine church, whose Altar is carved out of the rock. l Agios Dimitriosin Ferekambos, Skyros.

Agios Nikolaos, Pouria-Skyros

49 The Monastery of Ypapanti Erion in Kathenous. Island of Evia Culture, Events

Photo: Giannakis

Cultural events and local festivals are l Skyros Carnival. Its origins disappear organised in the towns and villages of Evia in the depths of time, and it has its roots all year round. Cultural events include in the timeless human quest to concerts, exhibitions, plays and movie understand life and death. It takes place projections, sports, etc. Festivals are an without any particular schedule, thanks opportunity to experience a different kind to the involvement and enthusiasm of of entertainment, which connects the the locals. traditional with the contemporary. Join the l Aghia Anna Carnival. The carnival of locals and enjoy yourselves, while Aghia Anna, one of the most famous of listening to traditional music and is kind, takes place in the village square, sampling the traditional local cuisine. in a Dionysian atmosphere. The most important events, in l TheKazanitsa custom is practiced on chronological order: Easter Monday inLoutsa , Dirfy . It

50 Island of Evia Culture, Events symbolises the transition from winter to spring, and the ascent of the shepherds from the low plains up to the lush mountainsides. l The Festival of Osios Ioannis the Russianis held in Prokopi Kireos on May 27th. It includes a majestic procession of the Saint's Relics, and is attended by thousands of pilgrims, many of who arrive from Chalkida on

foot. Photo: Giannakis l TheYouth Festival “Nikoleta” takes l Kanareia, Eretria. A series of cultural place inNeochori in early May. events in July andAugust. l TheCherry Festival in Metochi , Kymi l Messapeia, Psachna. A series of and theTea Festival in Setta take place cultural events in July andAugust. in early June. l Cultural Summer, Karystos. A series l The International Festival ofAidipsos of cultural events in July andAugust. is held in late June. l A major traditional festival takes places l TheKalamari Festival in Chilliadou inKymi , as well as in numerous other Beach, Dirfy, the Ouzo Festival in Nea towns and villages across Evia, on Lampsakos, Lilandia and the Sardine August 15th. Festivalin Aghioi Apostoloi, Petria , l TheFig Festival in Vitala, Kymi is held all take place in early July. onAugust 16th . l TheChalkida Bazaar on July 26th l Setta of Amarynthos Theatre. The lasts for 7 days, and celebrates the Kastalia theatre group puts up plays memory of Agia Paraskevi, the city's every weekend inAugust. patron Saint. l Wine Festival, Vasiliko . In lateAugust, l Elymnia, Limni. A series of cultural in theASAX facilities. events in July andAugust. l TheAvlonari Bazaar , a large bazaar in l Kyzikeia, Nea Artaki. A series of Chania, takes place on October 6th. cultural events in July andAugust. l Greek Documentary Festival. For five days in early October, Chalkida becomes the place where all Greek Documentary Filmmakers meet.

Photo: Giannakis 51 52 Island of Evia Alternative forms of tourism in Evia

Diving l Skyros Diving Centerin Skyros. l The geography, coastline and seabed of Petries Divers in Aghioi Apostoloi. Evia are such that incredible dives may be enjoyed 365 days a year, regardless of Windsurfing weather conditions. Its geographical position and strong local sea currents help Regular northerly winds and sheltered, preserve the exceptional biodiversity of safe waters between the western coast of the area's seabed. South Karystiaand the Petalioi islets, combined with the strong currents in the Major diving spots are in Marmari and narrow channel, makeMarmari an ideal Karystos in Southern Evia, around location for windsurfing, according to Chalkida and Kymi in Central Evia, in several specialised European publications Lichadonisia, Artemisio, and Pili in and organisations. Northern Evia, and along all coasts of Skyros, where there are remarkable underwater caves. The followingdiving centres operate in Evia: l Houlieris Diving Chalkida, Sport Apollonand Thalassa Diving in Chalkida. l Diving Travelin Aidipsos . l Lihadonisia Diving Center in Lichada. l Kalamos Diversin Kymi. l Dive In Eviaand Karystos Dive Centerin Karystos. 53 Island of Evia Alternative forms of tourism in Evia

Therapeutic Tourism There are more than eighty thermal springs inLoutra Aidipsou , with temperatures ranging from 28ïï to 86 C. Canoe-Kayak Their healing properties are beneficial in The rushing waters of the Manikiatis the treatment of numerous conditions. Spa River, in the Municipality of Konistra, therapies are available at theGNTO 's are becoming more and more popular ultra-modernSpa Centre . among fans of the sport. The river is Several hotels offer spa treatments, and suitable for both racing and leisurely tours. some like Thermai Sylla Spa Wellness, Knossos, Eirini, Avra, Kentrikon, and Skourtanioti include organised spa Horse riding facilities, which are open all year round. AnEquestrian Club operates in Smaller thermal springs also exist in Chalkida PEI, in a wonderful, green Gialtraand IliaAidipsou . location with excellent facilities and a canteen. The water from the healing spring in Choneftiko Kymis is known for its Horse riding centres also operate in beneficial effects on kidney disorders. Taksiarchisand Kamatriades in Northern Evia, and offer horse riding activities in their facilities or across mount Conference Tourism Telethrio. A horse riding centre operates in Fully equipped conference centres for Andonianoi, in Southern Evia. business meetings and conventions, and accommodation for the participants, are available in several large hotels. l Palirria, Lucy , and Pelagos hotels, in Chalkida. l Negroponte Resort, Palmariva , and Eretria Villagehotels, in Eretria l Thermai Sylla Spa Wellness hotel, in Loutra Aidipsou. l Marmari Bayhotel, in Marmari . 54 Island of Evia Alternative forms of tourism in Evia Hiking-Mountaineering For extra adventure, look no further! Evia offers an extensive network of signposted hiking trails, most of them relatively easy. There are also quite a few uncharted areas, where steep paths through the forest succeed beautiful plateaus, and mountain tops with views that take your breath away. The Mountaineering Refuge of Dirfy MICHALIS NIKOLAOU (altitude: 1,100 m) is on Mount Dirfy, past Steni, on a pass with astounding views of both the Aegean and the Euboikos Gulf, and it can accommodate a minimum of 50 people, with all mod cons. The smaller and more basicMountaineering Refuge of Ochi is located in the region of Karystos.

Mountaineering Refuge of Dirfy "Michalis Nikolaou" Central Evia - Trails Northern Evia - Trails l Steni-Dirfy Refuge l Agios-Prokopi (Duration: 2.5 hours, easy) (Duration: 6 hours, easy) l Dirfy Refuge-Ksirovouni l Mnimeio-Pyksarias (Duration: 2.5 hours, easy) (Duration: 6.5, moderate) l Stroponon Gorge-Chilliadou l Vlachia-Pyksarias (Duration: 4 hours, easy) (Duration: 6 hours, moderate) l Lamari-Chilliadou l Pili-Pyksarias (Duration: 2 hours, easy) (Duration: 2 hours, easy) l Dirfy Refuge-Agali Gorge l Troupi-Strougitsa (Duration: 5.5 hours, moderate) (Duration: 3.5, moderate) l Agali Gorge-Glyfada Pass l Mount Kandili (Makistos) (Duration: 4 hours, easy) (Duration: 7.5 hours, moderate) l Dafni-Melouna l Nileas Gorge (Arapis) (Duration: 2 hours, easy) (Duration: 2 hours, easy) l Euboikos-Olympos l Drymonas Falls-Mount Ksiron (Duration: 2.5 hours, easy) (Duration: 3.5 hours, easy) l Ambousiotissa-Skoteini l Mount Ksiron (Duration: 3 hours, easy) (Duration: 3.5 hours, easy) l Mount Thelethrio, Kastaniotissa- l Andronianoi-Metochi Simia (Duration: 4 hours, easy) (Duration: 6 hours, easy) l Lichada (Duration: 2 hours, easy) 55 56 Island of Evia Alternative forms of tourism in Evia

Southern Evia - Trails Some goodrock climbing facilities , in l Petries-Neromyloi-Stomio various levels of difficulty, are run by the (Duration: 2 hours, easy) Chalkida Mountaineering Association l Charakas Styron Gorge around Dirfy. (Duration: 2 hours, easy) l Drakospita of Styra - Armenon Mountain biking is a new activity with Acropolis (Duration: 2.5 hours, easy) many loyal fans. The mountains of l Agios Dimitrios Gorge, The Trail of Sara Northern and Central Evia are ideal for (Duration: 2.5 hours, easy) beautiful journeys through thick forests. l Dimosaris Gorge Telethrio and Ksiro Oros in Northern Evia, (Duration: 4 hours, easy) ** and the regions of Dirfy, Olympos and l Myloi-Refuge-Drakospito-Ochi Kotylaioi in Central Evia are perfect for Summit short expeditions or day trips. (Duration: 4 hours, easy) l Archaboli Beach-Archaboli Gorge InPapades Nileos there is a newly built (Duration: 1 hour, easy) Forest Village. The huts are made of wood and stone, and surrounded by lawn, ** Organised excursions take place in Dimosaris during the summer, run by the flowers, stone walls and pretty alleyways. Municipality of Karystos and local travel The village is located in a forest of pine agencies. and oak trees.

Forest Village, Papades Nileos

57 Island of Evia Healing Spas and Wellbeing Healings springs are natural thermal scientists all conclude that the healing springs whose waters have healing waters of Aidipsos and Yialtra are suitable properties. LoutraAidipsou in Northern for the treatment of conditions such as: Evia is renowned for its healing springs. Arthritis, Rheumatitis, Spondyloarthritis, The springs of Aidipsos are considered Lumbago, Ischialgia, Ankylosis, Migrai- some of the most potent and most effective ne, Tendonitis, Chronic Gynaecological in the world. Conditions, andAngiopathy, as well as for Nowadays, there are more than 80 rejuvenation and beauty. healings springs, with temperatures ranging from 28ïï C to 80 C. Spas with healing properties are also Reports by specialist doctors and other located inYialtra and Ilia.

Loutra Aidipsou

58 Island of Evia

Gastronomy

The local cuisine of Evia is rich and interesting. Chalkida is famous for its unique ouzeri andmezedes. Fresh fish and seafood is prepared and cooked on demand, and served with ouzo or tsipouro. Similar Agrotourism - Cooperatives ouzeri and seafood tavernas can be found in all seaside settlements. Karystia, l The “Kyzikos” Women's Cooperative Skyros, Central and Northern Evia are in NeaArtaki. known for the quality and superior taste of l The “Artakeia Krini” Women's their meat and cheese products. All Cooperativein NeaArtaki restaurants and tavernas grill delicious www.artakia.gr lamb chops and serve a wide range of stewed and baked dishes. Some also serve l The “Avalona” Women's Cooperative in ChaniaAvlonariou local sausages and traditional bread. l TheWomen's Cooperative of Kymi The specialities of Karystia are kid-goat, makes the infamouskoukoularika , ewe or goat cooked in a variety of ways, craft items out of silkworm cocoons. and chicken cooked in tomato sauce withkourkoubines or goglies (traditional l TheWomen's Cooperative of Limni makeswoven items using traditional homemade pasta). patterns. Just as famous as Evia's tavernas l TheAgricultural Cooperative of serving meat dishes, cheeses, pastries, Roviesproduce and package organic wine, tsipouro and a variety ofmezedes . In olives. Skyros, don't miss out on the infamous l TheAgricultural Cooperative of astakomakaronada (spaghetti with Taksiarchis Oreon was founded in lobster). 1928 and produces dried figs. Try traditional bakeddesserts, baklava , l TheAgricultural Cooperative in amygdalota, dried figs, the local pasteli, Kalimerianoi produces the famous and homemade preserves. Kymi fig-PDO www.figkimi.gr. Sample the wines of Evia, the local tsipouro, ouzo, liqueur, etc. Severalwineries , both small and large, around Chalkida (Avlida, Lilandio) and South Karystia, produce some quality wines. Most are open to the public.

Atrout farm operates in Kambia Stenis, and the fish it produces may be sampled at the village's tavernas. Several notable agrotourism units operate in Northern Evia, South Karystia and Skyros. 59 60 Photo: Giannakis

61 Island of Evia Information

Access to Evia is very easy. Chalkida is l Dystos: only 80 Km from Athens. Long-distance 2223051373, 2223052122 coaches (KTEL) run regular daily services www.distos.gr from Athens (Liosia station and Kato l Elymnia: Patissia) to Chalkida, Kymi, Loutra 2227031215, 2227031603 Aidipsou, Istiaia,Aliveri, and Karystos, and www.elimnion.gr from Thessaloniki, Patra and Ioannina to l Eretria: Chalkida. 2229062207 There are also daily regular rail services www.dimos-eretrias.gr fromAthens (Larissa Station) to Chalkida. l Istiaia: Evia is connected to Attica and Central 2226052146 Greece by ferries running daily services: www.istiaia.gr l From Rafina,Attica, to Marmari l Karystos: l From Aghia Marina, Attica, to Styra and 2224022246 Almyropotamos l Kireas: l From Oropos,Attica, to Eretria 2227350200, 2227350212 l From Arkitsa, Fthiotida to Loutra www.dimoskireos.gr Aidipsou l Konistra: l From Aghios Konstantinos, Fthiotida to 2222058333, 2222059835 Aghios Georgios Lichadas www.konistra.gr l From Glyfa, Fthiotida toAgiokambos l Kymi: l From Kymi to Skyros, the Sporades and 2222024000 the NorthAegean www.kimi.gr l Lilandia: Addresses - Telephone Numbers 2221063000 www.lilantio.gr l Direction of Tourism: l 2221024060, 2221061156 Marmari: www.evia.gr 2224031280, 2224032380 www.marmari.gr l Province of Skyros: 2222091840 l Massapia: 2228022505, 2228024929 Municipalities www.messapia.gr l l Aidipsos: Nea Artaki: 2226350303, 2226350322 2221042122, 2221044022 www.edipsos.net l Nileas: l Amarynthos: 2227061115, 2227061220 2229037790, 2229039090 l Skyros: l Anthidona: 2222091207 2221351600, 2221062171 www.skyros.gr www.anthidona.gov.gr l Styra: l Artemisio: 2224051235, 2224051202 2226040650, 2226040950 www.dimos-styreon.gr l Avlida: l Tamineon: 2221031228, 2221031000 2223022555 l Avlonas: l Chalkida: 2223032350 2221022314, 2221086300 www.avlonari.gr www.chalkida.gr l Dirfy: l Oraioi: 2228051220 2226071454, 2226071987 www.dirfion.gr www.orei.gr 62 Island of Evia Information Communities Museums l Kafireas: l Archaeological Museum of 2224025802 Chalkida: 2221025131 l Lichada: l Archaeological Museum of Eretria: 2226033298, 2226033280 2229062206 www.lixada.gr l Archaeological Museum of Karystos: 2224022472 Hospitals l Archaeological Museum of Skyros: l Chalkida Hospital: 2221021901 2222091327 l Kymi Hospital: 2222029300 l Folklore Museum of Kymi: l Karystos Hospital: 2224024001 2222022011 l Folklore Museum of Limni: Evia Coaches (KTEL) 2227031335 www.ktelevias.gr l Folklore Museum of Chalkida: l Athens: 2108317163 2221021817 l Thessaloniki: 2310595409 l Folklore Museum of Psachna l Patra: 2610623888 l Folklore Museum of Kapsala l Ioannina: 2651041248 l Faltaits Museum: l Chalkida: 2221020400 2222091232 www.faltaits.gr l Kerasia Museum of Fossil OSE (Greek Railway Services) Vertebrates: 2227061115, www.ose.gr 2227061220 www.kerasiamuseum.gr l Athens: 2105240601, 2105240646-8 l NAUTILUS Museum: l Chalkida: 2221022386 2226031662, 69722406477 www.nautilusmuseum.com l Istaia Natural History Museum: Nautical Agencies: 2226052224 l Aghia Marina: 2294063000, l Anastasios Liaskos Historical-War 2294063000 Museum at Kontodespoti l Agiokambos: 2226031245 l Almyropotamos: 2223053768 l Arkitsa: 2233091121 Cultural Organisations l Glyfa: 2238061255 l General State Archives Chalkida l Eretria: 2229067007,-8 Historical Archives: 2221085295 l Kymi: 2222022020, 2222022522 gak.eyv.sch.gr l Loutra Aidipsou: 2226023330, l Estia Gnosis (The Home of 2226060530 Knowledge) of Chalkida: l Marmari: 2224032404,-5 2221077599, 2221077199 www.estiagnosis.gr l N. Styra: 2224041266 l l Rafina: 2294024398, 2294024882 Lyceum of Greek Women, Chalkida branch: l Skyros: 2222091790, 2222091165 www.likioellinidonchalkida.gr l Oropos: 2295032511 l Greek Documentary Festival: 2106981112 www.docfest.gr OLYMPIC AIRLINES l Chalkida Mountaineering www.olympicairlines.com Association: 2221025230 l Athens: 2109666666 www.eoschalkidas.gr l Skyros: 2222091600 l Karystia Centre For Environmental l Skyros Airport: 2222091625 Information: 2224026200 63 Island of Evia

Sources: • Archaeological Resources Fund Odysseus Culture Server www.culture.gr • FILOTIS Database for the Natural Environment of Greece www.itia.ntua.gr/filotis/main.html • Archives of the Society for Evian Studies ••The Bibliography of Theodoros Skouras “H periohi tis Ochis” (The Region of Ochi), Vassiliki Vlami ••Archaeologia Magazine, Issue 42 on Evia Elliniko Panorama Magazine, Issues 33-45-51-52 • Tourist Guides to Evia (Guides to SE Evia 1997 & 2004, Guide to the Prefecture of Evia 1971, Michael Kortsakis Guide, Michael Toumbis Guide 1982, Paradirfyes Koinotites 1998, DemoCom Guide 2005, Skyros Association Guide) ••Tourist map of Evia, S.E. Evia Footpaths of Evia, S.E. Evia • Guides and websites of various Municipalities and other agencies in Evia

Photographic Material: • The Photographic Archive of the Archaeological Resources Fund • The Photographic Archive of the Region of Central Greece ••Elliniko Panorama Magazine Vathy Galazio Magazine •••••Giannis Fafoutis Maria Volioti Pantelis AngelouVasilis Sykas Giorgos Giannakis • The Chamber of Evia

Prefecture of Evia - Direction of Tourism Messapion 4, 341 00 Chalkida - Tel.: +30 22210 61156 e-mail: [email protected] www.naevias.gr www.evia.gr Evia nean, creating emporia (trade centres). Athenian League, especially during the During the rule of Venice, Evia was known Peloponnesian War, apostatise, fighting for their as Negroponte. “Of the seven islands nature The Ippovotes the aristocracy have by now replaced the Mycenaean kings, and their independence, and the island becomes a In early June 1407, Mehmed II The made… Evia is the fifth, narrow…” power, as well as their commercial ties with battlefield. Conqueror takes over Evia, which is (Stefanos Byzantios, under the entry “Sicily”) the Mediterranean civilisations, is reflected in The Evian Commons, a type of confederation renamed Egipoz or Egripos, and becomes the findings from the tomb of the Hegemon in of the city-states of Evia, was founded in 404 BC. the pashalik of Egripos. Evia owes its name to the healthy cattle Leukanti (now divided between the After the battle of Chaironeia in 338 BC, Evia On the 8th of May 1821, the revolution grazing on its fertile land. Eu + bous = good Archaeological Museums of Athens and comes under the rule of Phillip the 2nd and breaks out first in Ksirochori, led by chieftain cattle. Eretria). Macedonian guard are installed in all of its cities. Angelis Govgios, and then in Limni and In the 8th century BC large city states are After the death of Alexander, the island Kymi. It is not long, however, before it is The history of Evia or Avantis or Makris founded, the most important of which are becomes the apple of discord among his stamped out. Chieftain Nikos Kriezotis is or Asopis or Ellopia or Chalkis or Chalkida, Eretria, Istaia and Karystos. Descendants. It takes part in the struggles again prominent during that time. Chalkodontis, as it has been known, is tied to The cities of Evia take part in the colonis- the Romans and falls under the rule of Rome in Evia was freed in April 1833. The first the sea and the conflict between the landown- ation of the Western Mediterranean and the 146 BC. prefect, G. Ainian, founded a mutual teaching ers Ippovotes and the bourgeoisie Aeinautes. northern coasts of the Aegean, and the During the Roman occupation, the economy of school and printing press. A short while later, Paleontological research has turned up rich colonists, along with their hopes for a better the island flourishes, new religions are intro- the first newspaper of Evia, ELLIN, was findings. Rare mammal fossils, of the fauna of future, bring with them the Evian Alphabet, duced, and public buildings are erected in the printed. Pikermi, have been discovered from first to Pithikouses (now Ischia) and then to island's most powerful city, Chalkida. Aidipsos in During the Balkan Wars of 1912-1913, Almyropotamos and Karystia to Kerasia the whole of Southern Italy (Magna Grecia), Northern Evia develops into an important major Ioannis Velissariou from Kymi stood and Artemisio. which was the basis for the Latin Alphabet. balneotherapy centre. out in the battle of Bizanio. The first signs of human habitation date During this time, nausikleiti Evia of During the Byzantine period, the islands' After the destruction of Asia Minor ion back to the middle Palaeolithic period Homer's Hymn to Apollo dominates the population gathers in the major urban centres and 1922, refugees from the Greek East sailed to (100,000 to 40,000 years from today). Mediterranean with its ships. the rural areas are abandoned. Chalkida is the Chalkida, most of them settling permanently Firestone tools were discovered in central The major civil war the conflict between island's most important port, and the centre of in refugee districts in Chalkida, Nea Artaki, Evia. Chalkida and Eretria for possession of the transit trade. Nea Lampsakos and all over Evia. The Neolithic and early Bronze Age are plains of Lilandio, the fertile plain, now After the fall of Constantinople to the Frankish From April 1941 to October 1944 the island represented in Evia by the civilisations of known as Vasiliko, in central Evia that in 1204, the island comes under the rule of the was under German and Italian occupation. Varka (in the area of Psachna, Neolithic devastated Evia and the whole of Greece, took Venetians; it originally falls under the jurisdiction The forces of the resistance were active all period 6000-3000 BC) and Manika (in the part in the second half of the 7th century BC. of the Lombard king of Thessaloniki and is ceded over Evia, and especially in Lambousa, Steni area of Chalkida, 3000-2100 BC). During the The dawn of the classical period finds Evia, to three barons from Verona, known as Terzieri and Vatondas. Neolithic period, it appears that the popula- like the rest of Greece, fighting for its (triarchs). After its liberation, a major development tion grew and settlements were created. The independence against the danger of the Ravano dalle Carceri remains the sole ruler of began in Evia, both in economic and cultural main indications are clay artefacts and the Persian expansionism. In their 490 BC Evia and, in 1209, recognises the rule of Venice, terms. wide use of ceramics. campaign, the Persians destroy Eretria, which appoints a Bailus (Governor) in Chalkida. On the cusp of the bronze age (3rd punishing its residents for aiding the A short break from the Venetian rule was the These days, the prefecture of Evia belongs millennium) there are signs of intense Milesians during the Ionian revolution, while revolution of the Karystian knight Likarios. With in the Region of Central Greece and commercial transactions with the Cyclades, in 480 BC, in the waters of Artemisio, the the Castle of Anemopyloi as his base of comprises the islands of Evia and Skyros, as Central Greece and the coast of Asia Minor. Greek fleet stall the enemy ships heading operations, he began taking over the Venetian well as a part of the mainland (Avlida and towards Salamina. During the Mycenaean period (1650-1050 fortresses, one by one, with the exception of Athidona). It has an area of approximately BC), a number of settlements flourish across All the cities of Evia took part in the Chalkida, supported by the Byzantine Emperor 3,900 sq. Metres, and a population of the island and the residents of Avantes, victorious Battle of Plataea, in 479 BC, and Michael VIII Palaiologos. He defeated his approximately 210,000, with 80,000 residing according to Homer (Β, 536-539), take part in their names are now carved, along with those enemies at the battle of Vatondas in 1278 (near in the capital, Chalkida. Its geographical the Trojan War led by the King of Chalkida, of the other Greeks, on the bronze column Nea Artaki) and settled in Fylla Castle. No one constitution, along with the two bridges that Elephenor. erected in Delphi by the victors (currently in knows the details of the end of the ambitious connect Chalkida to Central Greece, give the During the 11th century BC, the residents of Constantinople). knight's rule in Evia, which gave the island's prefecture its dual nature, as both island and Evia roam the seas of the Eastern Mediterra- The Evians, who were originally part of the Greek population a short period of freedom. mainland. Photo: G. Giannakis www.evia.gr