0 Obnovi Medvedgrada Kontinuitet Radova Na Plemičkom Gradu Medved• Gradu Koji Su Započeti 1973

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0 Obnovi Medvedgrada Kontinuitet Radova Na Plemičkom Gradu Medved• Gradu Koji Su Započeti 1973 0 obnovi Medvedgrada Kontinuitet radova na plemičkom gradu Medved• gradu koji su započeti 1973. prekinuti su politič• (1979-1999.)• kom odlukom 1992. kojom se odreduje da se na njemu podigne spomenik, poslije nazvan Oltar do• movine, kao glavno mjesto državnog protokola. kronika s komentarom" Odluka je opravdavana pogrešnim tumačenjem povijesnog značaja Medvedgrada u prošlosti, vi• sokom cijenom i dugim trajanjem dotadašnjih ra• Drago Miletić dova. Autor opovrgava te tvrdnje, daje kronologiju i pozadinu realizacije te odluke, kaoi odnos Službe Hrvatski restauratorski zavod zaštite spomenika kulture i šire javnosti prema po• dizanju Oltara domovine. Nakonšest godinai pro• Izvorni znanstveni rad — UDK 725.96.025.4(497.5-37 Zagreb) mjene vlasti ponovno je političkom odlukom do• nešena kompromisna odluka kojom se na Medved• 15. 5. 2001. gradu ukida državni protokol, ali zadržava spo• menikk. Posljednje četiri godine u kojima smo bili zaoku• su počele padati granate i na Dubrovnik, biser naše i pljeni svakodnevnim dramatičnim zbivanjima, punim svjetske kulturne baštine, kada je nemilice razarana brojnih pojedinačnih ljudskih i obiteljskih tragedija, povjesna jezgra Zadra, gdje je svaki pad granate bio tragedijama naselja, gradova i čitavih područja, pa• ljenih, razaranih i pljačkanih od onih kojima je sve ljudsko strano i koji su provodili u Hrvatskoj na europ• skim prostorima već doživljeni genocid, uz do sada * Članak je bilješkama prošireno predavanje pod naslovom»o Medvedgradu nezabilježen kulturocid i urbicid, kao da je otupilo naše — nešto drukčije«koje je održano u Muzeju Mimara 27, svibnja 1964., u sklopu osjećaje i spremnost da se odlučnije postavimo prema ciklusa predavanja povodom 900. godišnjice Zagreba u organizaciji Odjela Matice Hrvatske za povijest umjetnosti, arheologiju i etnologiju. Namjera je nekim drugim oblicima destrukcije. U vrijeme kada organizatora bila da se sva predavanja objave u zborniku posvećenom tom smo bili pod dojmom teškog oštećenja šibenske ka• jubileju. Tekst je predan izdavaču u siječnju 1995. Bio je prelomljen i pri• premljen za tisak, no nakon nekoliko odgađanja, izdavač Matica Hrvatska tedrale, kada smo bili u šoku od razaranja i pada Kos• krajem 2000. godine odustala je od tiskanja zbornika. Naslov članka pro• tajnice i Petrinje, potpunog uništenja Vukovara, kada mijenjen je na zahtjev uredništva Peristila. 131 Drago Miletić: 0 OBNOVI MEDVEDGRADA... 44- 2001 (131-157) udarac u neki od mnogobrojnih spomenika kulture, a Snagom političkog autoriteta, u novije je doba jav• sve uz nevjerojatnu suzdržanost svjetske javnosti — pov• nosti nametnuta negativna ocjena dosadašnjeg pristupa jesničarka umjetnosti Željka Čorak u jednoj je radio konzervatorsko-restauratorskim radovima na Med• emisiji upozorila na činjenicu da će se i ovaj rat završiti, vedgradu,izbora sadržaja i buduće namjene medved• kao što su se završili svi dosadašnji, te na opasnost koja gradskih prostora, kao i dugotrajnosti radova, a po• je neposredno pred nama, a doći će s obnovom ra• vezano s time i cijene radova.2 zorene zemlje. Svojim istančanim osjećajem za ranjivost Istodobno senaglašava velika uloga Medvedgrada povijesnih struktura, posebno urbanih, koje su najčešće u hrvatskoj povijesti, s obzirom da je to, kako neki stradale i našu veoma čestu neosjetljivost za njihovu kažu, bio kraljevski grad, pa prema tome zahtjeva dr• složenost kada im pristupamo, pravodobno je upo• ukčiji pristup i mjesto u suvremenoj Hrvatskoj. Zato zorila na opasnost da, u obnovi koja predstoji, budemo je potrebno sažeto podsjetiti na tijek proteklih zbivanja sami sebi »četnici«, da neodgovornom obnovom u ratu oko Medvedgrada,koji su po mnogo ćemu bez pre• oštećenih spomenika kulture uništimo i ono što nije sedana u dosadašnjoj praksi zaštite spomenika kulture njima uspjelo. Danas smo svjedoci nedovoljne učin• u Hrvatskoj. kovitosti zaštite spomenika kulture, kao i nekih za• hvata na spomenicima kulture koji nisu primjereni nji• Istraživanja i konzervatorsičo-restaszratorski radovi hovim visokim vrijednostima. od 1979. do 1991. U ovom je razdoblju jedan arheološki spomenik Zračni snimak najbolje pokazuje kako je izgledao kulture, daleko od crte bojišnice, uglavnom nepoznat Medvedgrad kadaje 1979. Restauratorski zavod Hr• onima izvan glavnog grada Hrvatske, uznemirio prije vatske započeo s istraživanjima (sl. 1)3. Od guste šume svega zagrebačku javnost, koja nije prihvatila političku koja ga je prekrivala, vidio se samo poneki medved• odluku da se unutar njega podigne spomenik hrvatskoj gradski zid. Od tada pa do 1991. kada su zbog rata slobodi. Riječ je o Medvedgradu, srednjovjekovnom prekinuti radovi, a kasnije nisu zbog spomenutih raz• plemićkom gradu, čiju prošlost možemo podijeliti na: loga nastavljeni prema dotadašnjem programu, istra• 1. Razdoblje od sredine 13. st. kada je izgrađen, pa žen je cijeli prostor grada 13. stoljeća. Već druge godine do kobnog potresa 1590. nakon kojeg je napušten. radova stidljivo su se na vrhu Malog Plazura pokazali 2. Razdoblje od 1590. do 1979. u kojem je raz• dijelovi otkopanih medvedgradskih zidova, a na kraju građivan kako bi se iz njegovih struktura izvadilo sve tih radova, slika je bila potpuno drukčija (sl. 2). Ne ono što se njegovim vlasnicima činilo korisno i po• samo da jeMedvedgrad vraćen panorami Medvednice trebno za ugradnju na nekom drugom mjestu, a ono i zagreba, nego su njegovi prostori istraženi, djelo• što je preostalo nakon razgrađivanja urušavalo se i mično prezentirani, ali i, što je iznimno važno — oživlje• postupno nestajalo slijedom prirodnih zakona, da bi na kraju šuma potpuno prekrila ostatke nekad moćnih medvedgradskih zidina. 3. Razdoblje od 1979. do 1991. u kojem su izvo• đena arheološka istraživanja i konzervatorsko-restau• ' Od svih hrvatskih plemićkih gradova, povijest Medvedgrada je najbolje obrađena. Podsjećam na najstariji prikaz povijesti jednog hrvatskog plemićkog ratorski radovi, tijekom kojih su uspostavljeni neki grada od I. Kukuljevića Sakcinskog: Dogadjaji Medvedgrada, 1854, te po• stari, ali i novi, spomeniku primjereni sadržaji. sljednji od N. Klaić:Medvedgradi njegovi gospodari, Zagreb, 1987., u kojem je navedena uglavnom sva literatura. 4. Razdoblje nakon 1992. kada se donosi odluka z >Time se godinama bave, Nema nikakvih dokumenata o tome kako je taj prema kojoj Medvedgrad postaje ključni objekt držav• srednjovjekovni burg izgledao. Znase za njegove temelje, ali sene zna kako je izgledao njegov prvi i drugi kat, i sad bise zadovoljili time da se tu napravi nog protokola, te dobiva novu, njemu neprimjerenu i nekakva gostionica, roštilj itd. Dajmo, obnovimo to do autentiČnosti, koliko štetnu namjenu i ulogu kakvu nikada u svojoj povijesti možemo, ali dajmo, kao što to biva u svijetu, tome jedan novi sadržaj. Moja je ideja da napravimo spomenik svim palima za Hrvatsku. Neka čovjek kada nije imao. dođe u Zagreb, ide tamo i automatski će upoznati dio povijesti. A time ćemo dati i sadržaj Zagrebačkoj gori.«- Dr. Franjo Tuđman:Hrvatska pred duhovnom obnovom,Nedjeljni vjesnik, 1. ožujka 1992., str. 11. U ovom prilogu baviti ćemo se s posljednja dva raz• »Ovdje su se izvodili radovi 15 godina, i tko zna koliko bi još trajali, koliko bi doblja i samo nekim događajima iz starije medved• novaca potrošili da ga nismo osmislili i dobili ono što svaka suverena država ima.« —Spomen obijležje hrvatske slobode i nezavisnosti, Vjesnik, 9. svibnja gradske prošlosti koji su relevantni za sadašnja zbi• 1994., str. 2. vanja.' ' Inicijativu za pokretanje radova daje Ivo Maroević 1973. kao delegat u Udruženoj samoupravnoj interesnoj zajednici kulture grada Zagreba. Godinu 132 Drago Miletić: 0 OBNOVI MEDVEDGRADA... 44 — 2001 (131-157) ni nekim starim funkcijama i novim sadržajima. Kon• II zervatorsko-restauratorske radove, koji su u tom raz• Rekonstrukcija kapele Str. Filipa i Jakova započela doblju izvedeni, možemo podijeliti u tri osnovne cje• je odmah nakon njezinog otkrića 1981. integracijom i line: rekonstrukcijom pronađenih ulomaka arhitektonske plastike. Time su se postupno stvarale manje cjeline, I kao npr. prozorska ruža ili nadvoj portala, a potom se Istraživanje, konzervacija i djelomična rekonstruk• pristupilo sanaciji i konzervaciji onih dijelova koji su cija kamenom zidanih struktura — unutarnjeg prstena pronađeni na izvornom mjestu. Na takav način sani• obramberšog zida, sjeverne i južne kule. Svi obrambeni rano je ziđe svetišta do visine kapitelne zone te donji dijelovi medvedgradskih struktura zidani su pločastim dijelovi portala i nadtlošni vijenac. Na temelju projekta vapnencem, ali u načinu zidanja pojedinih dijelova rekonstrukcije izvedeni su 1984. i 1985. preostali ra• postoje znatne razlike. Kada smo započeli s istraži• dovi na cjelovitoj rekonstrukciji kapele.s vanjima, iz kruništa preostalih zidova rasla su nerijetko Rekonstrukciju je bilo moguće izvesti zahvaljujući visoka stabla, čije je korijenje razaralo zid po cijeloj izuzetno visokom postotku sačuvanih dijelova arhitek• dubini, unutar mnogih zidova došlo je do djelomičnog tonske plastike pronađenih na njihovom izvornom mje• propadanja vezivnog materijala, što je sve skupa uzro• stu ili u urušenju, kao i određenoj pravilnosti tlocrta i kovalo, u najboljem slučaju samo razrahljenost zida, elevacije kapele. Osim izuzetne vrijednosti oblika po• češće urušavanje njegovog lica, a na mnogim mjestima jedinih njezinih dijelova — portala, prozorske ruže, ka• i jače oštećenje zidne jezgre. Zidovi su, u istoj godini pitela, zatim profilacija polustupova, trijumfalnog luka kada su istraženi, konzervirani i djelomično
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