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Technical Education and Vocational Training Council Act, 2045 (1988)
www.lawcommission.gov.np Technical Education and Vocational Training Council Act, 2045 (1988) Date of Authentication and Publication 2045.7.28 (13 Nov. 1988) Amendments : 1. Technical Education and Vocational 2050.2.27(9 May 1993) Training Council Act, 2049 (1993) 2. Education and Sports Related Some Nepal 2063.9.14(8 Jan.2006) Acts (Amendment) Act, 2063 (2006)1 3. Republic Strengthening and Some Nepal 2066.10.7 (21 Jan. 2010) Laws Amendment Act, 2066 (2010)2 Act Number 20 of the Year 2045(1988) An Act Made to Provide for the Establishment and Provision of Technical Education and Vocational Training Preamble : Whereas, it is expedient to establish and provide for the Technical Education and Vocational Training Council in order to manage technical education and vocational training in a planned manner and to make determination and accreditation of standards of skills, for the generation of basic and medium level technical human resources; 1 This Act came into force on 17 Shrwan 2063(2 Aug. 2006). 2 This Act came into force on 15 Jestha 2065 (28 June 2008) and " Prasati " has been deleted. 1 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np Now, therefore, be it enacted by His Majesty King Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev, on the advice and with the consent of the Rastriya Panchayat . 1. Short title and commencement : 1.1 This Act may be called as the "Technical Education and Vocational Training Council Act, 2045(1989)". 1.2 This Act shall come into force on such a date as the Government of Nepal may appoint by publishing a Notification in the Nepal Gazette. -
Changing Political Economy of the Hong Kong Media
China Perspectives 2018/3 | 2018 Twenty Years After: Hong Kong's Changes and Challenges under China's Rule Changing Political Economy of the Hong Kong Media Francis L. F. Lee Electronic version URL: https://journals.openedition.org/chinaperspectives/8009 DOI: 10.4000/chinaperspectives.8009 ISSN: 1996-4617 Publisher Centre d'étude français sur la Chine contemporaine Printed version Date of publication: 1 September 2018 Number of pages: 9-18 ISSN: 2070-3449 Electronic reference Francis L. F. Lee, “Changing Political Economy of the Hong Kong Media”, China Perspectives [Online], 2018/3 | 2018, Online since 01 September 2018, connection on 21 September 2021. URL: http:// journals.openedition.org/chinaperspectives/8009 ; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/chinaperspectives. 8009 © All rights reserved Special feature China perspectives Changing Political Economy of the Hong Kong Media FRANCIS L. F. LEE ABSTRACT: Most observers argued that press freedom in Hong Kong has been declining continually over the past 15 years. This article examines the problem of press freedom from the perspective of the political economy of the media. According to conventional understanding, the Chinese government has exerted indirect influence over the Hong Kong media through co-opting media owners, most of whom were entrepreneurs with ample business interests in the mainland. At the same time, there were internal tensions within the political economic system. The latter opened up a space of resistance for media practitioners and thus helped the media system as a whole to maintain a degree of relative autonomy from the power centre. However, into the 2010s, the media landscape has undergone several significant changes, especially the worsening media business environment and the growth of digital media technologies. -
The RTHK Coverage of the 2004 Legislative Council Election Compared with the Commercial Broadcaster
Mainstream or Alternative? The RTHK Coverage of the 2004 Legislative Council Election Compared with the Commercial Broadcaster so Ming Hang A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Philosophy in Government and Public Administration © The Chinese University of Hong Kong June 2005 The Chinese University of Hong Kong holds the copyright of this thesis. Any person(s) intending to use a part or whole of the materials in the thesis in a proposed publication must seek copyright release from the Dean of the Graduate School. 卜二,A館書圆^^ m 18 1 KK j|| Abstract Theoretically, public broadcaster and commercial broadcaster are set up and run by two different mechanisms. Commercial broadcaster, as a proprietary organization, is believed to emphasize on maximizing the profit while the public broadcaster, without commercial considerations, is usually expected to achieve some objectives or goals instead of making profits. Therefore, the contribution by public broadcaster to the society is usually expected to be different from those by commercial broadcaster. However, the public broadcasters are in crisis around the world because of their unclear role in actual practice. Many politicians claim that they cannot find any difference between the public broadcasters and the commercial broadcasters and thus they asserted to cut the budget of public broadcasters or even privatize all public broadcasters. Having this unstable situation of the public broadcasting, the role or performance of the public broadcasters in actual practice has drawn much attention from both policy-makers and scholars. Empirical studies are divergent on whether there is difference between public and commercial broadcaster in actual practice. -
Radio Television Hong Kong Performance Pledge 2015-16
RADIO TELEVISION HONG KONG PERFORMANCE PLEDGE 2015-16 This performance pledge summarizes the services provided by Radio Television Hong Kong (RTHK) and the standards you can expect. It also explains the steps you can take if you have a comment or a complaint. 1. Hong Kong's Public Service Broadcaster RTHK is the sole public service broadcaster in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR). Its primary obligation is to serve all audiences - including special interest groups - by providing diversified radio, television and internet services that are distinctive and of high quality, in news and current affairs, arts, culture and education. RTHK is editorially independent and its productions are guided by professional standards set out in the RTHK Producers’ Guidelines. Our Vision To be a leading public service broadcaster in the new media environment Our Mission To inform, educate and entertain our audiences through multi-media programming To provide timely, impartial coverage of local and global events and issues To deliver programming which contributes to the openness and cultural diversity of Hong Kong To provide a platform for free and unfettered expression of views To serve a broad spectrum of audiences and cater to the needs of minority interest groups 2. Corporate Initiatives In 2015-16, RTHK will continue to enhance participation by stakeholders and the general public with a view to strengthening transparency and accountability; and will receive advice from the Board of Advisors on issues pertaining to its terms of -
Radio Television Hong Kong
RADIO TELEVISION HONG KONG PERFORMANCE PLEDGE This leaflet summarizes the services provided by Radio Television Hong Kong (RTHK) and the standards you can expect. It also explains the steps you can take if you have a comment or a complaint. 1. Hong Kong's Public Broadcaster RTHK is the sole public broadcaster in the HKSAR. Its primary obligation is to serve all audiences - including special interest groups - by providing diversified radio, television and internet services that are distinctive and of high quality, in news and current affairs, arts, culture and education. RTHK is editorially independent and its productions are guided by professional standards set out in the RTHK Producers’ Guidelines. Our Vision To be a leading public broadcaster in the new media environment Our Mission To inform, educate and entertain our audiences through multi-media programming To provide timely, impartial coverage of local and global events and issues To deliver programming which contributes to the openness and cultural diversity of Hong Kong To provide a platform for free and unfettered expression of views To serve a broad spectrum of audiences and cater to the needs of minority interest groups 2. Corporate Initiatives In 2010-11, RTHK will continue to enhance participation by stakeholders and the general public with a view to strengthening transparency and accountability; maximize return on government funding by further enhancing cost efficiency and productivity; continue to ensure staff handle public funds in a prudent and cost-effective manner; actively explore opportunities in generating revenue for the government from RTHK programmes and contents; provide media coverage and produce special radio, television programmes and related web content for Legislative Council By-Elections 2010, Shanghai Expo 2010, 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou and World Cup in South Africa; and carry out the preparatory work for launching the new digital audio broadcasting and digital terrestrial television services to achieve its mission as the public service broadcaster. -
Information of the Mobile Apps of B/Ds Available for Download by the Public (As of End-April 2019)
Annex A Information of the mobile apps of B/Ds available for download by the public (as of end-April 2019) B/D Name Annual Recurrent Cost Total Number (Approximate) of Downloads as at 30 April 2019 1. Agriculture, Fisheries Country Parks Tree $54,000 50 000 and Conservation Walks Department 2. Agriculture, Fisheries Enjoy Hiking $54,000 394 000 and Conservation Department 3. Agriculture, Fisheries Reef Check Hong $39,000 10 700 and Conservation Kong Department 4. Buildings Department Quick Guide for $65,000 12 700 MBIS/MWIS 5. Buildings Department Quick Guide for $120,000 33 000 Minor Works 6. Civil Engineering and HK Geology Maintained by deploying 22 900 Development internal resources. No Department additional expenditure is involved. 7. Civil Service Bureau Government Included in maintenance cost 600 000 Vacancies of other systems. As it is not a stand-alone project, no separate cost breakdown is available. 8. Companies Registry CR eFiling Included in the maintenance 13 900 cost of the Core System of the Companies Registry. As it is not a stand-alone project, no separate cost breakdown is available. 9. Constitutional and A Basic Law Quiz A $77,000 65 000 Mainland Affairs Bureau Day 10. Correctional Services Hong Kong Maintained by deploying 19 300 Department Correctional Services internal resources. Department Mobile No additional expenditure is App involved. 11. Customs and Excise HK Car First $45,000 19 400 Department Registration Tax 12. Department of Health CookSmart: $35,000 49 000 (Central Health EatSmart Recipes Education Unit) 13. Department of Health EatSmart Restaurant $16,000 41 000 (Central Health Education Unit) 14. -
Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Finance Committee Report on the examination of the Estimates of Expenditure 2019-2020 July 2019 Finance Committee Report on the examination of the Estimates of Expenditure 2019-2020 July 2019 CONTENTS Chapter Page I Introduction 1 – 2 II Civil Service 3 – 10 III Administration of Justice and Legal Services 11 – 23 IV Central Administration and Other Services 24 – 37 V Financial Services 38 – 47 VI Public Finance 48 – 54 VII Constitutional and Mainland Affairs 55 – 63 VIII Environment 64 – 78 IX Housing 79 – 91 X Transport 92 – 105 XI Home Affairs 106 – 116 XII Commerce, Industry and Tourism 117 – 136 XIII Communications and Creative Industries 137 – 145 XIV Food Safety and Environmental Hygiene 146 – 159 XV Health 160 – 170 XVI Innovation and Technology 171 – 186 XVII Planning and Lands 187 – 205 XVIII Works 206 – 215 XIX Education 216 – 231 XX Security 232 – 246 XXI Welfare and Women 247 – 264 XXII Labour 265 – 276 Appendix Page I Programme of the special meetings of the Finance A1 – A3 Committee II Summary of written and supplementary questions B1 – B3 and requests for additional information III Attendance of members and public officers at the C1 – C37 special meetings of the Finance Committee IV Speaking notes of Directors of Bureaux, Secretary D1 – D98 for Justice, and Judiciary Administrator Chapter I : Introduction 1.1 At the Legislative Council meeting of 27 February 2019, the Financial Secretary of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government introduced the Appropriation Bill 2019. Following the adjournment of the Bill at Second Reading and in accordance with Rule 71(11) of the Rules of Procedure, the President of the Legislative Council referred the Estimates of Expenditure to the Finance Committee for detailed examination before the Bill was further proceeded with in the Council. -
Existing and Planned Measures on the Promotion of Racial Equality Radio
Existing and planned measures on the promotion of racial equality Radio Television Hong Kong Radio Television Hong Kong (RTHK) is the public service broadcaster of Hong Kong which provides radio, television (TV) and new media services. Services RTHK is devoting part of its radio airtime to provide a Concerned platform for the community, non-government organisations and the underprivileged to participate in broadcasting through the provision of Community Involvement Broadcasting Service (CIBS). Existing Under CIBS, eligible individuals and organisations, Measures including people of diverse race, may apply to produce radio programmes to be broadcast on RTHK. RTHK provides funding support for successful applications to produce programmes under CIBS. CIBS currently provides 17 hours of new programmes per week. Among them, not less than 5 hours are geared specifically to the theme of ethnic minorities. Until now, languages of broadcast programmes include Cantonese, Putonghua, English, African, Arabic, Hakka, Hindi, Japanese, Karnataka, Korean, Nepali, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Spanish, Tagalog, Tamil, Telugu, Thai, and Urdu. Assessment of RTHK will continue to promote CIBS to facilitate the Future Work public’s awareness of and participation in CIBS programmes. Promotional efforts include advertisements on public transports, newspapers and magazines, road shows, social media platforms, radio and TV trailers and supporting activities targeting people of diverse race. Besides, RTHK will continue to invite CIBS producers and talents to participate in various promotional activities, including people of diverse race; and render assistance to those who apply to or produce programmes under CIBS, 1 providing training workshops for producing different programmes by professional producers. Additional RTHK will update and improve the CIBS website so that Measures the public can easily access relevant information on CIBS Taken/To Be applications and programmes. -
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 088 782 SO 007 248 AUTHOR Pyykkonen, Maija-Liisa, Ed. TITLE About the Finnish Educational System. Information
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 088 782 SO 007 248 AUTHOR Pyykkonen, Maija-Liisa, Ed. TITLE About the Finnish Educational System. Information Bulletin. INSTITUTION Finnish National Board of Education, Helsinki. Research and Development Bureau. PUB DATE Mar 73 NOTE 23p. EDRS PRICE MF-$0.75 HC-$1.50 DESCRIPTORS *Comparative Education; *Educational Change; Educational Planning; Elementary Education; *Grade Organization; *Instructional Program Divisions; National Programs; Organization; *Organizational Change; Planning; Preschool Education; School Organization; School Planning; Secondary Education; Social Change; Teacher Education IDENTIFIERS *Finland; Nationwide Planning ABSTRACT This Information Bulletin discusses the general reform of the Finnish education system, necessitated by events of the sixties, which included a larger number of students leaving the Primary Schools after grade four to enter the secondary level, the failure of Primary Schools to meet demands of basic education, and the closing of rural Primary Schools concommitant with the need for new urban Primary Schools in response to changes in population patterns. The old system consisted of eight years of compulsory schooling, beginning at the age of seven, divided into six years of Primary School and two to three years of Civic School, which specialized according to local needs and on the basis of general, vocational, and pre-orientational education. Secondary schools consisted of a five grade lover section, the Middle School, and a three grade upper section, the Gymnasium. The new system will include preschool education and a Comprehensive School covering the elementary years, replacing Primary, Civic, and Middle Schools. Teacher training also will be reformed, taking place at the University within education departments rather than in training schools.(JH) INFORMATION NATIONAL BOARD OF EDUCATION Research and Development Bureau Finland BULLETIN U S MENT OF HEALTH. -
China Media Bulletin
Issue No. 154: May 2021 CHINA MEDIA BULLETIN Headlines ANALYSIS The Gutting of Hong Kong’s Public Broadcaster P2 IN THE NEWS • Regulators “clean up” internet ahead of CCP anniversary alongside censorship of Oscars, Bible apps, and Weibo P5 • Surveillance updates: Personal data-protection law advances, Apple compromises on user data, citizen backlash P6 • Criminal charges for COVID commentary, Uyghur religious expression, Tibetan WeChat use P7 • Hong Kong: Website blocks, netizen arrests, journalist beating, and Phoenix TV ownership change P9 • Beyond China: Beijing’s COVID-19 media strategy, waning propaganda impact in Europe, new US regulations to enhance transparency P10 FEATURED PUSHBACK Netizens demand transparency on Chengdu student’s death P12 WHAT TO WATCH FOR P13 TAKE ACTION P14 IMAGE OF THE MONTH Is RTHK History? This cartoon published on April 5 by a Hong Kong visual arts teacher is part of a series called “Hong Kong Today.” It depicts a fictional Hong Kong Museum of History, which includes among its exhibits two institutions that have been critical to the city’s freedom, but are being undermined by Chinese and Hong Kong government actions. The first is the Basic Law, the mini-constitution guaranteeing freedom of expression and other fundamental rights; the other is Radio Television Hong Kong (RTHK), the once-respected public broadcaster now facing a government takeover. The teacher who posted the cartoon is facing disciplinary action from the Education Department. Credit: @vawongsir Instagram Visit http://freedomhou.se/cmb_signup or email [email protected] to subscribe or submit items. CHINA MEDIA BULLETIN: MAY 2021 ANALYSIS The Gutting of Hong Kong’s Public Broadcaster By Sarah Cook A government takeover of Radio Television Hong Kong has far-reaching Sarah Cook is the implications. -
The Benefits of Patronage: How Political Appointments Can Enhance
The benefits of patronage: How political appointments can enhance bureaucratic accountability and effectiveness∗ Guillermo Toraly June 11, 2021 Latest version here Abstract The political appointment of bureaucrats is typically seen as a rent-seeking strategy that helps politicians sustain clientelistic networks and manipulate public administration to their ad- vantage. I argue that political appointments can also increase bureaucratic accountability and effectiveness because they provide political and social connections between bureaucrats and politicians. These connections grant access to material and non-material resources, enhance monitoring, facilitate the application of sanctions and rewards, align priorities and incentives, and increase mutual trust. In certain conditions, political appointments can thus enhance bureaucrats’ accountability and effectiveness in public service delivery. I test this theory us- ing data on Brazilian municipal governments, leveraging two quasi-experiments, two original surveys of bureaucrats and politicians, and in-depth interviews. The findings challenge the traditional view that patronage is universally detrimental to development, and highlight how political appointments and connections can be leveraged to enhance public service delivery. ∗I am indebted to Ben Ross Schneider, Lily Tsai and Daniel Hidalgo for invaluable advice and guidance throughout the project. For useful comments I also thank Julián Aramburu, Felipe Barrera-Osorio, Héctor Blanco, Sarah Brierley, Josh Clinton, Julia Smith Coyoli, Aditya -
Hong Kong & Mainland China News – December-2018
V Hong Kong & Mainland China News – December-2018 China's import-export value passes 2017 level By www.news.rthk.hk Saturday, December 1, 2018 The total value of China’s imports and exports already exceeded the full-year figure for 2017 as of mid-November, China’s customs administration said Saturday. The General Administration of Customs said in a statement on its website that as of mid- November, the total value of imports and exports had risen nearly 15 percent, compared with the same period a year earlier. It did not give a specific figure. The value of China’s yuan-denominated imports and exports was 27.79 trillion yuan in 2017, according to previously released customs data. More foreign businesses set up HK offices By www.news.rthk.hk Wednesday, December 12, 2018 Sino-US trade tensions have so far failed to put foreign businesses off setting up in Hong Kong, according to a new survey by investment promotion body InvestHK. The latest survey by the group found that the number of overseas or mainland-headquartered businesses with operations in the SAR reached 8,754 this year, compared to 8,225 a year ago, an increase of 6.4 percent. And Stephen Phillips, director-general of investment promotion, saw reason for optimism about the year ahead. "I think if we look at the economic fundamentals for Hong Kong, China, Asia more widely, they remain strong," he said. "But that's not to dismiss the fact that the trade tensions are causing a degree of uncertainty." He said bigger investors were looking at how to respond to the tensions, but Hong Kong would continue to play an important role due to its location.