Poly-Victimization: a Neglected Component in Child Victimizationଝ David Finkelhor ∗, Richard K
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Systematic Review of Academic Bullying in Medical Settings: Dynamics and Consequences
Open access Original research BMJ Open: first published as 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043256 on 12 July 2021. Downloaded from Systematic review of academic bullying in medical settings: dynamics and consequences Tauben Averbuch ,1 Yousif Eliya,2 Harriette Gillian Christine Van Spall1,2,3 To cite: Averbuch T, Eliya Y, ABSTRACT Strengths and limitations of this study Van Spall HGC. Systematic Purpose To characterise the dynamics and consequences review of academic bullying of bullying in academic medical settings, report factors in medical settings: dynamics ► This systematic review is comprehensive, including that promote academic bullying and describe potential and consequences. BMJ Open 68 studies with 82 349 consultants and trainees, 2021;11:e043256. doi:10.1136/ interventions. across several countries and including all levels of bmjopen-2020-043256 Design Systematic review. training. We searched EMBASE and PsycINFO for Data sources ► We defined inclusion criteria a priori and used es- ► Prepublication history and articles published between 1 January 1999 and 7 February additional supplemental material tablished tools to assess the risk of bias of included for this paper are available 2021. studies. online. To view these files, Study selection We included studies conducted in ► The included studies varied in their definitions of please visit the journal online academic medical settings in which victims were bullying, sampling bias was noted among the sur- (http:// dx. doi. org/ 10. 1136/ consultants or trainees. Studies had to describe bullying veys and intervention studies were suboptimally bmjopen- 2020- 043256). behaviours; the perpetrators or victims; barriers or designed. facilitators; impact or interventions. Data were assessed Received 29 July 2020 independently by two reviewers. -
Battered Woman's Syndrome: Setting a Standard in Florida
Nova Law Review Volume 31, Issue 2 2007 Article 11 Battered Woman’s Syndrome: Setting a Standard in Florida Sara M. Sandler∗ ∗ Copyright c 2007 by the authors. Nova Law Review is produced by The Berkeley Electronic Press (bepress). https://nsuworks.nova.edu/nlr Sandler: Battered Woman's Syndrome: Setting a Standard in Florida BATTERED WOMAN'S SYNDROME: SETTING A STANDARD IN FLORIDA SARA M. SANDLER* I. INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................375 II. DEFINING BATTERED WOMAN'S SYNDROME ............................... 379 A . LearnedH elplessness........................................................ 379 B. Cycle Theory of Violence .................................................. 381 III. A HISTORY OF BATTERED WOMAN'S SYNDROME IN THE COURTS 382 A. ImpairedM ental Capacity ............................................... 383 B. As Partof a Self-Defense Argument .................................. 384 1. Defining "Imminent" ........................... 385 2. "Imminent" to the Battered Woman ..................... 386 IV. FLORIDA COURTS AND BATTERED WOMAN'S SYNDROME ........... 387 A. Floridaon Expert Testimony ............................................ 387 B. Floridaon the Duty to Retreat: Weiand v. State ............. 393 V. HOW TO DETERMINE A BATTERED WOMAN'S DEFENSE: A THREE- PRON G ED T EST ...............................................................................395 A . Length of A buse ................................................................. 396 B . Severity ofA buse .............................................................. -
Accountability and Connection with Abusive Men
32998 3/11/04 7:23 AM Page 1 ACCOUNTABILITY AND CONNECTION WITH ABUSIVE MEN A NEW CHILD PROTECTION RESPONSE TO INCREASING FAMILY SAFETY PREPARED BY FERNANDO MEDEROS WITH THE MASSACHUSETTS DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SERVICES DOMESTIC VIOLENCE UNIT 32998 3/10/04 2:08 PM Page 2 2 THE MASSACHUSETTS DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SERVICES’ DOMESTIC VIOLENCE UNIT (DVU) More than thirteen years ago, Massachusetts was the first state in the country to develop and implement a response within a state child protection agency to the co-existence of child abuse and domestic violence. The core mission of the Domestic Violence Unit (DVU) is to improve the ability of child protection workers to respond effectively to children and families affected by domestic violence. The DVU now has several components, which include consultation on high risk cases, oversight and development of services for families and practice and policy reform. Domestic Violence Specialists remain at the center of the DVU as advocates – for families and for systems change. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Massachusetts Department of Social Services (DSS) Domestic Violence Unit is indebted to all of the people who made this publication possible, mainly the families who have been affected by domestic violence and have shared their experiences with us. After years of struggling with how to deal with abusive partners in Child Protective Service (CPS) cases involving domestic violence, the Domestic Violence Unit enlisted the help of Fernando Mederos to begin a dialogue and build a knowledge base of working with abusive men within a CPS context. This document brings together extensive knowledge from the fields of child protection, domestic violence and intervention with men who batter. -
Orders of Protection and the Battered Women Syndrome Sheila M
Loyola University Chicago Law Journal Volume 23 Issue 3 Spring 1992 Illinois Judicial Conference Article 3 Symposium 1992 Orders of Protection and the Battered Women Syndrome Sheila M. Murphy Honorable Assoc. Judge, Circuit Court of Cook County, IL Follow this and additional works at: http://lawecommons.luc.edu/luclj Part of the Law and Gender Commons Recommended Citation Sheila M. MurphyHonorable, Orders of Protection and the Battered Women Syndrome, 23 Loy. U. Chi. L. J. 397 (1992). Available at: http://lawecommons.luc.edu/luclj/vol23/iss3/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by LAW eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Loyola University Chicago Law Journal by an authorized administrator of LAW eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Orders of Protection and the Battered Woman Syndrome Honorable Sheila M. Murphy* Violence in the home strikes at the heart of our society. Chil- dren who are abused or who live in homes where parents are battered carry the terrible lessons of violence with them into adulthood.... To tolerate family violence is to allow the seeds of violence to be sown into the next generation. We as a nation can no longer allow these victims to suffer alone. We must understand the breadth and scope of the prob- lem. We must admit that family violence is found at every level of the social structure. We must let victims know that they need not hesitate to seek help. We must listen with an understanding heart and we must act in ways which prevent, protect and sup- port. -
Definitions of Child Abuse and Neglect
STATE STATUTES Current Through March 2019 WHAT’S INSIDE Defining child abuse or Definitions of Child neglect in State law Abuse and Neglect Standards for reporting Child abuse and neglect are defined by Federal Persons responsible for the child and State laws. At the State level, child abuse and neglect may be defined in both civil and criminal Exceptions statutes. This publication presents civil definitions that determine the grounds for intervention by Summaries of State laws State child protective agencies.1 At the Federal level, the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment To find statute information for a Act (CAPTA) has defined child abuse and neglect particular State, as "any recent act or failure to act on the part go to of a parent or caregiver that results in death, https://www.childwelfare. serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse, gov/topics/systemwide/ or exploitation, or an act or failure to act that laws-policies/state/. presents an imminent risk of serious harm."2 1 States also may define child abuse and neglect in criminal statutes. These definitions provide the grounds for the arrest and prosecution of the offenders. 2 CAPTA Reauthorization Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-320), 42 U.S.C. § 5101, Note (§ 3). Children’s Bureau/ACYF/ACF/HHS 800.394.3366 | Email: [email protected] | https://www.childwelfare.gov Definitions of Child Abuse and Neglect https://www.childwelfare.gov CAPTA defines sexual abuse as follows: and neglect in statute.5 States recognize the different types of abuse in their definitions, including physical abuse, The employment, use, persuasion, inducement, neglect, sexual abuse, and emotional abuse. -
Threatened Abuse/Neglect
Wisconsin Child Welfare PDS Mandated Reporter Training Threatened Abuse/Neglect There is no statutory definition for the phrase “threatened with abuse or neglect”, so common- sense definitions are applied. “Threatened abuse and neglect” refers to behaviors or conditions the child is exposed to that are dangerous to the child and likely to result in abuse or neglect. Remember when we were defining physical abuse - the example of the man beating his wife while their toddler hangs on to her leg? If the child is injured, it is physical abuse. If the child is not injured, it is threatened abuse, as a reasonable person could predict such behavior could result in serious injury to the child. Threatened abuse or neglect also includes instances when someone verbally threatens to injure a child, if you believe he or she is serious about carrying out the threat. Is threatened abuse or neglect less serious than actual abuse or neglect? Threatened abuse or neglect can be very serious. If a report includes information that indicates a vulnerable child is in immediate danger, CPS and law enforcement respond very quickly. The purpose of giving CPS and law enforcement agencies the authority to intervene in cases of threatened abuse or neglect is to prevent serious harm to a child, whenever possible. What are some situations you may come across that are not threatened maltreatment? Here are two examples: Verbal “threats”, such as “You know, sometimes I could just throttle that kid”, where it is clear someone is just making an exaggerated comment and has no intention whatsoever of following through. -
Development and Persuasion Processing: an Investigation of Children's Advertising Susceptibility and Understanding
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2013 Development and Persuasion Processing: An Investigation of Children's Advertising Susceptibility and Understanding Matthew Allen Lapierre University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Communication Commons Recommended Citation Lapierre, Matthew Allen, "Development and Persuasion Processing: An Investigation of Children's Advertising Susceptibility and Understanding" (2013). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 770. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/770 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/770 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Development and Persuasion Processing: An Investigation of Children's Advertising Susceptibility and Understanding Abstract Over the past 40 years, research on children's understanding of commercial messages and how they respond to these messages has tried to explain why younger children are less likely to understand these messages and are more likely to respond favorably to them with varying success (Kunkel et al., 2004; Ward, Wackman, & Wartella, 1977), however this line of research has been criticized for not adequately engaging developmental research or theorizing to explain why/how children responde to persuasive messages (Moses & Baldwin, 2005; Rozendaal, Lapierre, Buijzen, van Reijmersdal, 2011). The current study attempts to change this by empirically testing whether children's developing theory of mind, executive function, and emotion regulation helps to bolster their reaction to advertisements and their understanding of commercial messages. With a sample of 79 children between the ages of 6 to 9 and their parents, this study sought to determine if these developmental mechanisms were linked to processing of advertisements and understanding of commercial intent. -
The Battered Woman Acog: Technical Bulletin Number 124—January 1989
The Battered Woman acog: technical bulletin Number 124—January 1989 Definition Domestic violence and spouse abuse are terms referring to violence occurring between partners in an ongoing relationship, regardless of whether they are married (1). A battered woman has been defined as any woman over the age of 16 with evidence of physical abuse on at least one occasion at the hands of an intimate male partner (2). The battered wife syndrome has been defined as a symptom complex occurring as a result of violence in which a woman has at any time received deliberate, severe, and repeated (more than three times) physical abuse from her husband, with the minimal injury of severe bruising (3). Richwald and McCluskey have categorized violent acts from the least to the most severe, from verbal abuse, threat of violence, throwing an object, throwing an object at someone, pushing, slapping, kicking, hitting, beating up, threatening with a weapon, and use of a weapon. Most definitions also incorporate concepts of intentionality and the repetitive nature of the assaults (4). It can be seen from these definitions that violence is viewed most often as physical abuse. In most violent relationships, however, mental abuse and intimidation are an integral component of the abuse syndrome. Regardless of how it is defined or the form it takes, abuse represents a significant clinical problem that warrants further evaluation. In 1985, the Surgeon General of the United States sponsored a workshop on violence and public health in an effort to focus attention on this and similar problems, in the hope of helping to reduce the incidence of violence in society and providing more effective help for its victims (5). -
Recognizing Child Abuse: What Parents Should Know
Prevent Child Abuse America 500 North Michigan Avenue Suite 200 Chicago, IL 60611.3703 312.663.3520 tel 312.939.8962 fax www.preventchildabuse.org Recognizing Child Abuse: What Parents Should Know The first step in helping abused children is learning to recognize the symptoms of child abuse. Although child abuse is divided into four types -- physical abuse, neglect, sexual abuse, and emotional maltreatment -- the types are more typically found in combination than alone. A physically abused child for example is often emotionally maltreated as well, and a sexually abused child may be also neglected. Any child at any age may experience any of the types of child abuse. Children over age five are more likely to be physically abused and to suffer moderate injury than are children under age five. 1. Recognizing Child Abuse 2. Signs of Physical Abuse 3. Signs of Neglect 4. Signs of Sexual Abuse 5. Signs of Emotional Maltreatment RECOGNIZING CHILD ABUSE Experienced educators likely have seen all forms of child abuse at one time or another. They are alert to signs like these that may signal the presence of child abuse. The Child: • Shows sudden changes in behavior or school performance; • Has not received help for physical or medical problems brought to the parents' attention; • Has learning problems that cannot be attributed to specific physical or psychological causes; • Is always watchful, as though preparing for something bad to happen; • Lacks adult supervision; • Is overly compliant, an overachiever, or too responsible; or • Comes to school early, stays late, and does not want to go home. -
The Neural Correlates of Moral Decision-Making in Psychopathy
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Neuroethics Publications Center for Neuroscience & Society 2009 The Neural Correlates of Moral Decision-Making in Psychopathy Andrea L. Glenn University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Adrian Raine University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] R.A. Schug University of Southern California Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/neuroethics_pubs Part of the Neuroscience and Neurobiology Commons Recommended Citation Glenn, A. L., Raine, A., & Schug, R. (2009). The Neural Correlates of Moral Decision-Making in Psychopathy. Retrieved from https://repository.upenn.edu/neuroethics_pubs/55 Suggested Citation Glenn, A.L, Raine, Adrian, Schug, R.A. "The Neural Correlates of Moral Decision-Making in Psychopathy" Molecular Psychiatry, (2009) Vol. 14, 5-6. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/neuroethics_pubs/55 For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Neural Correlates of Moral Decision-Making in Psychopathy Keywords magnetic resonance imaging, antisocial personality disorder, social behavior, morals, amygdala Disciplines Neuroscience and Neurobiology Comments Suggested Citation Glenn, A.L, Raine, Adrian, Schug, R.A. "The Neural Correlates of Moral Decision-Making in Psychopathy" Molecular Psychiatry, (2009) Vol. 14, 5-6. This journal article is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/neuroethics_pubs/55 1 The Neural Correlates of Moral Decision-Making in Psychopathy 2009. Molecular Psychiatry, 14, 5-6. Glenn, A.L.* Department of Psychology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104-6241, USA Tel: (417)-425-4393 Fax: (215)-746-4239 [email protected] Raine, A. Department of Criminology and Psychiatry University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104-6241, USA Schug, R.A. -
Statistics About Sexual Violence
National Sexual Violence Resource Center z Info & Stats For Journalists Statistics about sexual violence Sexual violence in the U.S. y 81% of women and 35% of men report significant short-term or long-term impacts such as Post- y One in five women and one in 71 men will be raped Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) (a) at some point in their lives (a) y Health care is 16% higher for women who were y 46.4% lesbians, 74.9% bisexual women and 43.3% sexually abused as children (m) heterosexual women reported sexual violence other than rape during their lifetimes, while 40.2% gay Child sexual abuse men, 47.4% bisexual men and 20.8% heterosexual men reported sexual violence other than rape during y One in four girls and one in six boys will be sexually their lifetimes. (p) abused before they turn 18 years old (f) y Nearly one in 10 women has been raped by an y 34% of people who sexually abuse a child are family intimate partner in her lifetime, including completed members (n) forced penetration, attempted forced penetration y 12.3% of women were age 10 or younger at the time or alcohol/drug-facilitated completed penetration. of their first rape/victimization, and 30% of women Approximately one in 45 men has been made to were between the ages of 11 and 17 (a) penetrate an intimate partner during his lifetime. (b) y 27.8% of men were age 10 or younger at the time y 91% of the victims of rape and sexual assault are of their first rape/victimization (a) female, and 9% are male (o) y More than one-third of women who report being raped y In eight out of 10 cases of rape, the victim knew the before age 18 also experience rape as an adult (a) person who sexually assaulted them (l) y 96% of people who sexually abuse children are y 8% of rapes occur while the victim is at work (e) male, and 76.8% of people who sexually abuse children are adults (n) Cost and Impact y 325,000 children are at risk of becoming victims of y Each rape costs approximately $151,423 (d) commercial child sexual exploitation each year (m) y Annually, rape costs the U.S. -
Information for Parents on Sexual Abuse
PARENT INFORMATION ABOUT SEXUAL ABUSE Here is some practical information for helping you keep your child safe from sexual abuse. If you have specific questions or concerns about your children, please contact your school principal or counselor. Other resources are listed at the end of this information. Did you know? • That every two minutes a child is sexually assaulted • There are often no physical signs of sexual assault • By staying silent the abuser is protected • Silence gives permission for the victimization to continue • That one in four girls and one in six boys are victims of sexual abuse by age 18 • Sexual abuse doesn’t discriminate…it spans all socio-economic classes and religions • That 50-90% of child sexual assaults are never reported • In 1998, Health and Human Services reported 108,360 confirmed sexual abuse cases • 61% of reported rapes were committed against victims under age 17 • 85% of the time, the child knows and trusts the abuser. What is Sexual Abuse? Sexual abuse includes the following acts or omissions by a person: o Sexual conduct harmful to a child’s mental, emotional or physical welfare, including conduct that constitutes the offense of indecency with a child, sexual assault, or aggravated sexual assault; o Failure to make a reasonable effort to prevent sexual conduct harmful to a child; o Compelling or encouraging the child to engage in sexual conduct; o Causing, permitting, encouraging, engaging in, or allowing the photographing, filming, or depicting of the child if the person knew or should have known that the resulting photograph, film, or depiction of the child is obscene or pornographic; o Causing, permitting, encouraging, engaging in, or allowing a sexual performance by a child.