An Animated Look at Kazakh National Identity J
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Steppe Nomads in the Eurasian Trade1
Volumen 51, N° 1, 2019. Páginas 85-93 Chungara Revista de Antropología Chilena STEPPE NOMADS IN THE EURASIAN TRADE1 NÓMADAS DE LA ESTEPA EN EL COMERCIO EURASIÁTICO Anatoly M. Khazanov2 The nomads of the Eurasian steppes, semi-deserts, and deserts played an important and multifarious role in regional, interregional transit, and long-distance trade across Eurasia. In ancient and medieval times their role far exceeded their number and economic potential. The specialized and non-autarchic character of their economy, provoked that the nomads always experienced a need for external agricultural and handicraft products. Besides, successful nomadic states and polities created demand for the international trade in high value foreign goods, and even provided supplies, especially silk, for this trade. Because of undeveloped social division of labor, however, there were no professional traders in any nomadic society. Thus, specialized foreign traders enjoyed a high prestige amongst them. It is, finally, argued that the real importance of the overland Silk Road, that currently has become a quite popular historical adventure, has been greatly exaggerated. Key words: Steppe nomads, Eurasian trade, the Silk Road, caravans. Los nómadas de las estepas, semidesiertos y desiertos euroasiáticos desempeñaron un papel importante y múltiple en el tránsito regional e interregional y en el comercio de larga distancia en Eurasia. En tiempos antiguos y medievales, su papel superó con creces su número de habitantes y su potencial económico. El carácter especializado y no autárquico de su economía provocó que los nómadas siempre experimentaran la necesidad de contar con productos externos agrícolas y artesanales. Además, exitosos Estados y comunidades nómadas crearon una demanda por el comercio internacional de bienes exóticos de alto valor, e incluso proporcionaron suministros, especialmente seda, para este comercio. -
2 Trade and the Economy(Second Half Of
ISBN 92-3-103985-7 Introduction 2 TRADE AND THE ECONOMY(SECOND HALF OF NINETEENTH CENTURY TO EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY)* C. Poujol and V. Fourniau Contents Introduction ....................................... 51 The agrarian question .................................. 56 Infrastructure ...................................... 61 Manufacturing and trade ................................ 68 Transforming societies ................................. 73 Conclusion ....................................... 76 Introduction Russian colonization in Central Asia may have been the last phase of an expansion of the Russian state that had begun centuries earlier. However, in terms of area, it represented the largest extent of non-Russian lands to fall under Russian control, and in a rather short period: between 1820 (the year of major political and administrative decisions aimed at the Little and Middle Kazakh Hordes, or Zhuzs) and 1885 (the year of the capture of Merv). The conquest of Central Asia also brought into the Russian empire the largest non-Russian population in an equally short time. The population of Central Asia (Steppe and Turkistan regions, including the territories that were to have protectorate status forced on them) was 9–10 million in the mid-nineteenth century. * See Map 1. 51 ISBN 92-3-103985-7 Introduction Although the motivations of the Russian empire in conquering these vast territories were essentially strategic and political, they quickly assumed a major economic dimension. They combined all the functions attributed by colonial powers -
Koshymova Aknur the Role of Oghuzes in the VIII-XIII Centuries In
Koshymova Aknur The role of Oghuzes in the VIII-XIII centuries in the formation of ethno genesis of Turkic peoples ANNOTATION To the dissertation prepared to get PhD degree in “History” – 6D020300 General description of the dissertation. The dissertation paper explores the place of Oghuz in the ethnogenesis of the Turkic peoples in the context of the history of the Kazakhs, Azerbaijanis, Turkmen, Kyrgyz, and Turks. The relevance of the research. The studied problem reflects one of the topical issues that has a peculiar place both in national history and foreign historiography. Due to the antiquity and deep historical roots of the ethnogenetic process of the formation of the late Turkic peoples, the researchers recognized the direct involvement of the Oghuz clans and tribes in the history of the Kazakhs. During the study of the ethnogenesis of a single Turkic people, the process of its formation, development paths and features, you can see how great the role of migration and assimilation processes in the content of ethnic mixing of the autochthonous population and alien tribes, which determined the future ethnic composition, language, culture, and this circumstance allows us to consider this factor as the leading one. Therefore, the history of the Oghuz-speaking peoples who inhabited Central and Asia Minor, the Caucasus, from a modern point of view, must be investigated in close connection with the history of the Kazakh people, which makes it possible to obtain valuable scientific results. The history of the Oghuz originating in the VIII century from the territories of the Mongolian plateau and the northeastern part of modern Kazakhstan, which as a result of mass movements occupied the Syrdarya valley, then the territory of modern Turkmenistan, then Azerbaijan and Anatolia, which led to dramatic changes in ethnic processes in these regions, it is necessary to consider taking into account the historical and genetic continuity. -
Medieval Turkic Nations and Their Image on Nature and Human Being (VI-IX Centuries)
Asian Social Science; Vol. 11, No. 8; 2015 ISSN 1911-2017 E-ISSN 1911-2025 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Medieval Turkic Nations and Their Image on Nature and Human Being (VI-IX Centuries) Galiya Iskakova1, Talas Omarbekov1 & Ahmet Tashagil2 1 Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Faculty of History, Archeology and Ethnology, Kazakhstan 2 Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University Faculty of Science, Turkey Correspondence: Galiya Iskakova, al-Farabi Avenue, 71, Almaty, 050038, Kazakhstan. Received: November 27, 2014 Accepted: December 10, 2014 Online Published: March 20, 2015 doi:10.5539/ass.v11n8p155 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v11n8p155 Abstract The article aims to consider world vision of medieval (VI-IX centuries) Turkic tribes on nature and human being and the issues, which impact on the emergence of their world image on nature, human being as well as their perceptions in this case. In this regard, the paper analyzes the concepts on territory, borders and bound in the Turks` society, the indicator of the boundaries for Turkic tribes and the way of expression the world concept on nature and human being of above stated nations. The research findings show that Turks as their descendants Kazakhs had a distinctive vision on environment and the relationship between human being and nature. Human being and nature were conceived as a single organism. Relationship of Turkic mythic outlook with real historical tradition and a particular geographical location captures the scale of the era of the birth of new cultural schemes. It was reflected in the various historical monuments, which characterizes the Turkic civilization as a complex system. -
The Bounds of Narrative in Don Delillo's Underworld
humanities Article The Bounds of Narrative in Don DeLillo’s Underworld: Action and the Ecology of Mimêsis Andrew Bowie Hagan Independent Scholar, Atlanta, GA 30309, USA; [email protected] Abstract: The interrelationship of natural and cultural history in Don DeLillo’s Underworld presents an ecology of mimesis. If, as Timothy Morton argues, ecological thought can be understood as a “mesh of interconnection,” DeLillo’s novel studies the interpretation of connection. Underworld situates its action in the Cold War era. DeLillo’s formal techniques examine the tropes of paranoia, containment, excess, and waste peculiar to the history of the Cold War. Parataxis and free-indirect discourse emphasize the contexts of reference in the novel, illustrating how hermeneutics informs the significance of boundaries. DeLillo’s use of parataxis exemplifies the conditions that propose and limit metaphor’s reference to reality, conditions that offer the terms for meaningful action. I utilize Paul Ricoeur’s hermeneutics to demonstrate how Underworld situates the reference to reality in its temporal and narrative condition. The historical situation of the novel’s narrative structure allows DeLillo to interrogate the role of discourse in producing and interpreting connection. Underworld offers layers of significance; the reader’s engagement with the novel’s discourse reaffirms the conditions of a meaningful relationship with reality in the pertinence of a metaphor. Keywords: contemporary fiction; ecocriticism; temporality; reference; metaphor; parataxis; epic; Citation: Hagan, Andrew Bowie. novel; immanence 2021. The Bounds of Narrative in Don DeLillo’s Underworld: Action and the Ecology of Mimêsis. Humanities 10: 40. https://doi.org/10.3390/ 1. Introduction h10010040 Figurative conditions present an ecology in Don DeLillo’s 1997 novel, Underworld.A work of fiction, the novel is grounded in the history and historiography of the Cold War Received: 1 January 2021 era. -
Journal of Arizona History Index, M
Index to the Journal of Arizona History, M Arizona Historical Society, [email protected] 480-387-5355 NOTE: the index includes two citation formats. The format for Volumes 1-5 is: volume (issue): page number(s) The format for Volumes 6 -54 is: volume: page number(s) M McAdams, Cliff, book by, reviewed 26:242 McAdoo, Ellen W. 43:225 McAdoo, W. C. 18:194 McAdoo, William 36:52; 39:225; 43:225 McAhren, Ben 19:353 McAlister, M. J. 26:430 McAllester, David E., book coedited by, reviewed 20:144-46 McAllester, David P., book coedited by, reviewed 45:120 McAllister, James P. 49:4-6 McAllister, R. Burnell 43:51 McAllister, R. S. 43:47 McAllister, S. W. 8:171 n. 2 McAlpine, Tom 10:190 McAndrew, John “Boots”, photo of 36:288 McAnich, Fred, book reviewed by 49:74-75 books reviewed by 43:95-97 1 Index to the Journal of Arizona History, M Arizona Historical Society, [email protected] 480-387-5355 McArtan, Neill, develops Pastime Park 31:20-22 death of 31:36-37 photo of 31:21 McArthur, Arthur 10:20 McArthur, Charles H. 21:171-72, 178; 33:277 photos 21:177, 180 McArthur, Douglas 38:278 McArthur, Lorraine (daughter), photo of 34:428 McArthur, Lorraine (mother), photo of 34:428 McArthur, Louise, photo of 34:428 McArthur, Perry 43:349 McArthur, Warren, photo of 34:428 McArthur, Warren, Jr. 33:276 article by and about 21:171-88 photos 21:174-75, 177, 180, 187 McAuley, (Mother Superior) Mary Catherine 39:264, 265, 285 McAuley, Skeet, book by, reviewed 31:438 McAuliffe, Helen W. -
Keywords Studios 2019 Annual Report
Keywords Studios plc Studios Keywords Annual Report Annual Report and Accounts 2019 and Accounts 2019 Building our platform for growth Keywords Studios plc Overview Strategic report Annual Report and Accounts 2019 Pages 1–6 Pages 8–44 Highlights 1 Q&A with Andrew Day 8 At a glance 2 Chief Executive’s review 10 Investment summary 4 Market outlook 16 Chairman’s statement 6 Business model 18 Our strategy 22 Service line review 24 Our people, our culture 28 KPIs 34 Financial and operating review 36 Responsible Business report 40 Board engagement with our stakeholders 43 Principal risks and uncertainties 45 2019 Highlights Our vision is to be the world’s leading technical and creative services platform for the video games industry and beyond. At Keywords Studios (Keywords), we are using our passion for games, technology and media to create a global services platform. In 2019, we delivered strong growth as we invested in a strengthened and more diversified services platform. Alternative performance measures* The Group reports certain Alternative performance measures (APMs) to present the financial performance of the business which are not GAAP measures as defined by International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Management believes these measures provide valuable additional information for the users of the financial information to understand the underlying trading performance of the business. In particular, adjusted profit measures are used to provide the users of the accounts a clear understanding of the underlying profitability of the business over time. For full definitions and explanations of these measures and a reconciliation to the most directly referenceable IFRS line item, please see pages 135 to 143. -
Studio Bench: the DIY Nomad and Noise Selector
Studio Bench: the DIY Nomad and Noise Selector Amit Dinesh Patel Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2019 Abstract This thesis asks questions about developing a holistic practice that could be termed ‘Studio Bench’ from what have been previously seen as three separate activities: DIY electronic instrument making, sound studio practice, and live electronics. These activities also take place in three very specific spaces. Firstly, the workshop with its workbench provides a way of making and exploring sound(- making) objects, and this workbench is considered more transient and expedient in relation to finding sounds, and the term DIY Nomad is used to describe this new practitioner. Secondly, the recording studio provides a way to carefully analyse sound(-making) objects that have been self-built and record music to play back in different contexts. Finally, live practice is used to bridge the gap between the workbench and studio, by offering another place for making and an opportunity to observe and listen to the sound(-making) object in another environment in front of a live audience. The DIY Nomad’s transient nature allows for free movement between these three spaces, finding sounds and making in a holistic fashion. Spaces are subverted. Instruments are built in the studio and recordings made on the workbench. From the nomadity of the musician, sounds are found and made quickly and intuitively, and it is through this recontextualisation that the DIY Nomad embraces appropriation, remixing, hacking and expediency. The DIY Nomad also appropriates cultures and the research is shaped through DJ practice - remixing and record selecting - noise music, and improvisation. -
Pre-Islamic Beliefs of the Kazakhs and the Spread of Islam in Kazakhstan
Maral Kaynar, Zada Sakhitzhanova International Kazakh-Turkish University Turkestan Kazakhstan ◆ Pre-islamic beliefs of the K azakhs and the spread of Islam in K azakhstan ver the past decade the Kazakh society in their spiritual emancipation O has made a huge step forward. Structural reforms and the democ- ratization of all spheres of life have led to the growth of national, ethnic, cultural and religious identity. There is a revival of Islam in the traditional regions of its distribution, strengthening the position of other religions. Allegedly understanding that religion is an important part of the national psychology and culture, it plays a significant role in strengthening the foundations of public morality. The mosque and the church, as historically proven themselves forms of self-organization and association of the faithful in order to meet the religious needs, in modern conditions perform other important social functions characteristic of the civil society institutions. Although Soviet Kazakh literature claimed that Kazakhs Islamic belief is of more contemplative character [3, p. 150], after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the time of independence Kazakhs began to write a new history with the recovery of historical memory, a new ideology, and studying their religion as a basis for national and religious identity. With the spread of Islam, especially in the context of the Sufi ideology has been of outstanding importance for the subsequent history of the Turkic peoples of Central Asia. At the same time, Central Asian Islam has absorbed all of the pre-Islamic beliefs and values that were inherent in the indigenous people of Central Asia (Tengriism, Zoroastrianism, shamanism, ancestor worship). -
Leonardo Reviews
LEON4004_pp401-413.ps - 6/21/2007 3:40 PM Leonardo Reviews LEONARDO REVIEWS this book’s ability to convey the world- aid the organizational structure in the Editor-in-Chief: Michael Punt wide connectivity that was emerging in effort to present basic themes. These, Managing Editor: Bryony Dalefield the second half of the 20th century. in turn, allow us more easily to place One of the stronger points of the book the recent art history of Argentina, Associate Editor: Robert Pepperell is the way the research translates the Brazil, Mexico, Uruguay, Venezuela, A full selection of reviews is regional trends of the mid-1940s into Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary published monthly on the LR web site: an environment that was setting the and Poland in relation to that of the <www.leonardoreviews.mit.edu>. stage for the international art world of West. the 1960s to take form. In effect, the The range of artists is equally local communities gave way to a global impressive. Included are (among vision, due, in part, to inexpensive air others) Josef Albers, Bernd and Hilla BOOKS travel, the proliferation of copying Becher, Max Bill, Lucio Fontana, Eva technologies and the growing ease Hesse, On Kawara, Sol LeWitt, Bruce of linking with others through long Nauman, Hélio Oiticica, Blinky distance telecommunication devices. Palermo, Bridget Riley, Jesus Rafael BEYOND GEOMETRY: Authored by six writers (Lynn Soto, Frank Stella, Jean Tinguely, and XPERIMENTS IN ORM E F , Zelevansky, Ines Katzenstein, Valerie Victor Vasarely. Among the noteworthy 1940S–1970S Hillings, Miklós Peternák, Peter Frank contributions are the sections integrat- edited by Lynn Zelevansky. -
The Subversion of Nature in Don Delillo's Underworld
The Subversion of Nature in Don DeLillo's Underworld Erik Kielland-Lund University of Oslo Abstract: This article focuses on one of the main themes ofDon DeLillo's complex and critically acclaimed novel Underworld.fimn 1997, namely the cen/ralily and ubiquity ofga rbage and other forms of was le in hoth the physical world and in people '.I· minds in the second ha(f ofthe 20'i. century. II is both a brilliant salire and a scary cautionary tale Iha! si1uates itself squarely in !he tradition of "!oxic narralives" recently made famous by Cormac McCar1hy'.v The Road. Pre-apocalyplic rather than pos1-apoca !yp1ic, the landscape of Delillo'.v novel is disturbingly familiar both in its mundane recognizability and in its outla11dish strangeness, as 1he reader is tn111spor1ed from monster landfills in New York City, described in oddly romantic ter111s, lo the di.ms /mus consequences of nuclear waste in !he .former Soviet republic of Khazakstan, horribly realistic in its depiction of the human cost of this ultimate tampering with the natural order. Throughout this tale of hubris in the name of progress and con sumption, Delillo weaves a narralive of human fallibility and desire Iha! is a pe1fect counterpoint to the enormous global issues that will ulti111ately decide the survival of life as we know it on this planet. Keywords: Satire-toxic narratives-waste 111anagement-exploitatio11- pre-apoca lyptic-nuclearfallou1- "eve1ythin.g's connected" - capita/ism - consumption Don DeLillo's Underworld from 1997 is one of the truly seminal works of contemporary American literature, by many critics singled out, along with Thomas Pynchon's Gravity's Rainbow from 1973, as the high point of postmodernist literary achievement in America. -
Postwar Media Manifestations and Don Delillo Joshua Adam Boldt Eastern Kentucky University
Eastern Kentucky University Encompass Online Theses and Dissertations Student Scholarship 2011 Postwar Media Manifestations and Don DeLillo Joshua Adam Boldt Eastern Kentucky University Follow this and additional works at: https://encompass.eku.edu/etd Part of the American Literature Commons, and the Mass Communication Commons Recommended Citation Boldt, Joshua Adam, "Postwar Media Manifestations and Don DeLillo" (2011). Online Theses and Dissertations. 09. https://encompass.eku.edu/etd/09 This Open Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at Encompass. It has been accepted for inclusion in Online Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Encompass. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Postwar Media Manifestations and Don DeLillo By Joshua Boldt Master of Arts Eastern Kentucky University Richmond, Kentucky 2011 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Eastern Kentucky University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts May, 2011 Copyright © Joshua Boldt 2011 All rights reserved ii Table of Contents Introduction: The Hyperreal, Hypercommodified American Identity 1 Chapter One: Postwar Advertising, Mass Consumption, and the 14 Construction of the Consumer Identity Chapter Two: News Media and American Complicity 34 Chapter Three: The Art of the Copy: Mechanical Reproductions and 50 Media Simulations Works Cited 68 iii Introduction: The Hyperreal, Hypercommodified American Identity This study examines the relationship between American media, advertising, and the construction of a postwar American identity. American media manifests itself in several different forms, all of which impact the consciousness of the American people, and the postwar rise to power of the advertising industry helped to mold identity in ways that are often not even recognized.