Annals of an Old Manor-House

A N N A L S

OF A N

O L D M A N O R - H O U S E

SU TTON P LACE GU I LDFORD ,

F R E D E R I C H A R R I S O N

I “

New an d Aéridged Edition

10 11110 11

LL ' A M T D MA C M A N N D C O . I , LI I E

NEW YOR K : THE MACMI LLAN COMP ANY

1899

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LESS E E OF S UTTON P LA C E

WH I CH H E H A S OCCUP I E D FOR A G E N E R AT IO N

A ND H A S DO N E SO M UCH P R E S E R V E

TH IS E D ITIO N OF ITS A N N A LS

IS I NSCR I B E D B Y

B HIS ROTHER , THE AUTHOR

P R E FA C E

O NE by one the old buildings of our country are perishing accide n t e r m m by , n glect, or wanton dest uction their e ory t m m W passes away, and heir place knows the no ore . hen the passion for covering this island with railways and - r factories shall have done its worst, our great g andchildren will hardly possess a fragment of the older work to recall to their eyes the beauty and the life of England in the s m pa t . And so it beco es a sort of social duty for those to whom chance has thrown it in their path to preserve such wreckage of old things as the tempest of change has left - any relic that they ﬁnd still mouldering in the ﬂotsam m m and jetsa of ti e . Thus I came to put together in spare days of leisure some memorials of a very beautiful and most interesting m house, which is a land ark in the history of art, and has not a few associations with the history of our country . During the last twenty-four years I have often found there a time of peace and quiet thought and pacing up and down the court, and watching the hues of russet and m orange in the ouldings , or the evening light as it glowed through the jewelled quarries in the oriels, I became curious to k now a little more about the builders m m m and the building of it . Fro what ove ent of art did it spring ? Whence came those amorini over T udor viii ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR-HOUSE

r e G gates, and the I talian a ab sques in those othic traceries ? What manner of life did these walls witness and serve ? Of what kin were the men whose devices ? are recorded in the painted glass As , one by one, I

learned to recognise the story they could reveal, and had found how curiously the house was connected with the tempestuous days of the eighth Henry and his three m children and successors, as I traced all the circu stances of the strange and bloody tragedy which set its mark upon these walls almost before the mortar in them was e m dry, I b gan for yself a connected record of the place . “ A - me S well known historian used to say to , ink a m n shaft, as it were, in so e chosen spot in the a nals of m m England, and you will co e upon uch that is never ” So m found in the books of general history . I sunk y t a shaft in this spot, and tried to unders and a bit of loc l m m history, as seen fro a single anor and a particular

m . SU DTON E fa ily and house I tried to identify , as m m m it is described in Do esday, and to ake out the eadow, “ ” r 2 and the land or a able, the woodland of 5 swine, and m The m the ill . fortunes of the anor sway back and m u forwards during feudal ti es, as the fort nes of England T e n m the itself. ti es it fell back into the hands of Crown ; ten times it was granted to royal favourites or m m inisters eight ti es it was lost by attainder, forfeiture, or surrender between the days of the Conqueror an d the T V days of the udors ; till at length Henry I II . grants m the ancestral do ain of the last of the Beauforts, his ’ m m father s other, to the soldier and inister of his own

who built the house . I have often pictured to myself the veteran gazing at his newly fi nished home when his only boy lay headless r T wou ld in the f esh grave on ower Hill . I wonder i f PREFAC E ix m he still continued to entertain here his ﬁerce aster, and m still put his faith in princes . It would see so, for he kept his honours and his wealth and in the inventory of his goods for the proving of his will is a grete carpete ’ K n s fi to lay under the y g fete . And we nd his widow soon after sending presents of game and swete bagge s

from this house to the Princess at Guildford . And then I would try to conceive with what feelings the son of that slaughtered youth came to receive the daughter of Anne Boleyn in the house which his father had not lived m w to inherit, which he hi self o ed to the slayer of that W m father . ith what thoughts, I have often as ked yself, did Elizabeth keep state in the hall as sociated so closely with the death of her mother and the wayward passions m m of her father, where are still to be seen the e ble s of C S m r atherine of Aragon and Jane ey our, of Ma y and G r m o m a diner, of a succession of chiefs fro b th ca ps in that fu rious revolution ? Flodde n And the old Duke of Norfolk, the hero of , C b and Lord B erners, the friend of axton, oth the n S colleagues of the fou der, and tanley of Derby, the m C m W th e fa ous ha berlain , and Paulet of inchester, m T m m mm m fa ous reasurer, do their e ble s co e orate their presence here ? And the calm proud face on the canvas m m m of Zucchero, which s iles as she ight have s iled in m h welco e to the Queen , t at Dorothy Arundell who had lived to see some twenty of her relations die as traitors in the T m m ower, did the past beco e to her a drea ; and as m she did the honours of her ho e, did she ﬁnd it a natural incident of life that attainder should fall on the head of m ’ her father, and her other, and her aunt, and her husband s

father, and on her relations of both sexes and of every degree on her father ’ s and her mother ’ s side x ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR- HOUSE

Sir W m And then that later Richard eston , who ade We m the canal upon the y, and who laboured so uch in r m agricultu e, how ca e he to keep his house safe and his estate intact in the great Civil War which shook and battered down so many of his neighbours around him ? How come we to ﬁnd in his windows designs from the m fancy of the Parlia ent Poet, and also the portrait of King Charles ? These me n and women were nothing to me or to m m m o r ine, no ore than any other na es in the history those days ; their house and their pictures and their m me am escutcheons do not belong to ine or to , who m but a passing visitor amongst them. But I ca e to love

the old place, the very brickwork and the weeds and m lichens which have clung round the ouldings, the swallows twittering round the tiles, and the deep glow of So m the painted glass . , bit by bit, y notes grew into a connected account of the house and its vicissitudes . And as the owner pressed me to work into it the me mor m anda which he had collected in anuscript, and the hints m of any artistic and antiquarian friends, I found it b convenient for the curious in art, and the neigh ours m who ight visit it, to put the rough sketch I had gathered together into print . So this book is but the expansion of a catalogue or m anual that I began long ago for the use of our friends . To any special acquaintance wi th art or with antiquities m of any kind I can ake no sort of pretension . I have m sought, since no one else was disposed to do so, to ake a record or inventory of that which is passing away before am our eyes . I neither professed historian nor antiquary, am am and I certainly no genealogist or herald . I trying merely to rub the dust and weeds from the tombstones of PRE FACE xi

re the past, as Old Mortality would do in pious min isce n e c of departed saints . My part is but to scrape and copy the inscription on the neglected stone, to learn m m m a . who lie beneath, that I y keep their e ory green In giving some portion of my leisure to the study of the place, I feel as if I were repaying a personal debt that I owe to a spot endeared to me by the recollection of hours b of perfect peace ; a ove all, as if I were fulﬁlling a duty m to y father, who lived and died in these walls , and who m m laboured so lovingly to preserve the . And I now ust add to these memories those of my mother and of my brother Lawrence, who were in succession occupiers of this house until the close of their lives .

C O N T E N T S

C H A P T E R I

I n tro ducto ry

C HA P T E R II

Vi ci ssitude s o f the M an o r of Sutton

C H A P T E R III

I — e o e e o m on —Sir We s on P A RT . B f r the R f r ati Richard t the e e of the o se Eld r , Build r H u

— e the e o m o n P A RT II . Aft r R f r ati —W K of S t. o n A RT . e s o s P III t n , nights J h

C H A P T E R IV

Sir an c s We o the S on an d e Fr i st n, H ir

C H A P T E R V

Sir He n ry We ston xiv ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR-HOUSE

C H A P T E R VI

Sir c a We on the c 16 1 - 2 Ri h rd st , Agri ulturist, 3 5

C H A P T E R VII

From the Civil Wars to the Pr e se n t Time

C HA FT E R VIII

The House

C HA FT E R I X

The Qu adran gl e

C H A P T E R X

The Gr e at an d the Pan e ll e d Hall

C H A P T E R XI

The o G a e Ta e s e s o s an d s e o n s L ng ll ry , p tri , P rtrait , E cutch

C HA P T E R XII

The P ai n te d Glass W Coa o f ms e tc . in n o ts Ar , , i d ws

I NDEX N OT E

T H I S e diti on is a small an d abridge d fo rm o f the qu arto

in 18 e s s a n he e cm o . T wo rk publish d 93 by M s r . M illa and C e a o e s on co o e e s e e e n o m e l b rat illu trati s and l ur d plat hav b itt d,

the e e on of some e a an d - e ce s as e as with xc p ti h d tail pi , w ll the e n ic e the e e e of We s o n o a App d s with P digr s t , H w rd,

Co e S e e an d o e m e s the W s o f the We s o n s pl y, h ll y, th r fa ili , ill t ,

an the an d n e n o . For e se an d e Gr t of Manor, I v t ry th oth r

e m s b e to the e an d o n o de tails r e fe renc u t had larg r rigi al w rk .

The e s e is s the o e of . . S who o s tat till pr p rty F H alvin, h ld

e om his o s n the ma e of the We s o it by d vise fr c u i , last l t n

a has ee n o e n e e as e n e 18 . f mily . It b ccupi d u d r a l si c 74 by the family of the auth o r .

C H A P T E R I

I NTRODU CTORY

SU TTO N P LAC E is an ancient manor - house We S on the banks of the y ‘in urrey, about 4 miles from Guildford and as many from Woking ; and it was built between I 5 20 -3 0 W by Sir Richard eston . It was the work of a great building age Henry VI II . , in “ the words of the old chronicle, was the on lie phoenix of his time for ﬁne and curious mason rie for this was the age m C r C C Ox of Ha pton ou t, hrist hurch, T C C m ford, and rinity ollege, a bridge of T Grimsthor hornbury, Hengrave, p, Ken

n in hall . g , and Layer Marney It was built in the ﬁrst outburst of the new art, which in Europe is called Renascence, when Henry was the successful rival of m C Francis and the E peror harles, and nearly in the centre of one of the most creative moments in art which our country The m has ever seen . house is al ost con tempo rary with some of those exquisite Chateaux of the age of Francis which are B z - C H ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOUSE .

m still p reserved on the Loire . Like the it po ssesses Italian features of a fancy and grace as remote from the m m . as Gothic as fro the classical world Like the , was m m every ﬁne work of that age, it is the e bodi ent of a o m single idea, of the pers nal sense of beauty of so e creative genius ; and thus it stands apart in the history

- of house building in Europe, a cinquecento conception

in an English Gothic frame . r Here the ai y and fantastic grace of the Renascence, as m we ﬁnd it at Pavia and Blois, has lighted up a ass of T udor Gothic . Yet withal there is no single classical S feature, nor one that recalls the ﬂorid style of the tuarts . m It is as if so e prophetic genius in art, saturated with S outhern ideas of beauty, had been seeking to develop here a new English style, which should be as little m ilitary or Gothic as it should be classical . Had our t builders continued on these lines of hought, it is possible that our architecture might never have fallen beneath the m m do ination of Palladio, and yet ight have worked clear of the i mitation feudal castle and the mesquin inanity of e m d based Gothic . But the idea, to who soever it belongs , him S m perished with . utton Place re ains the single extant production of a peculiar and suggestive type of

Renascence Gothic . The mate rial m . in which it is built, like uch in the

conception itself, is Italian rather than English . It is one of the very few ancient buildings still remaining in o u r country which are made of terra - cotta and brick The - without any dressing of stone . use of terra cotta, m m m not erely as a superi posed orna ent, but as a con r m st uctive ele ent, is exceedingly rare and instructive .

- And in this house the terra cotta is used, not only with m profusion for purposes of orna ent, but precisely as stone

- U c a 4. ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HO SE .

8 0 ma m m these 3 years , but, it y be, ellowed by ti e into a h m m peculiar c ar , softened by the osses and the lichens fl on the cornices, and the wall owers and the ferns which

nestle beneath the traceries of the bays . T m his unity and peace, which see to rest on the old house almost as on a ruin or a cloister whence modern m m i prove ents are shut out, are doubtless due to this that from its building till to- day the place has remained m m m adhe r in the sa e fa ily, and that a fa ily debarred by ence to the ancient faith from taking active part in the ff The f world of a airs . hall itself was built be ore the m m m m C Refor ation, as the e ble s and ar s of atherine of m U the Aragon re ain to witness . nder Elizabeth house the was searched as a secret receptacle of priests . In next century the heir married the heiress of an eminent the Catholic leader . According to the tradition of m m fa ily, the ass has been continuously celebrated within m m m its walls, ore or less openly, fro the ti e they were raised until the other day when the new chapel was built r in the pa k . During the civil wars and the last century C the penal laws pressed heavily on atholics , and after the m civil wars the fa ily took no part in public . Being m neither wealthy, nor a bitious, nor busy, they clung to l m the old p ace, and they left it to hold its own with ti e, T unaltered and unimproved . hus it comes about that whilst the famous mansions of England bear the marks has m of succeeding generations, this one re ained with the unity and the pathos of a ruin , and still with but little of structural decay . It has another feature which is of much account in ma m the history of nners , and arks one of the great epochs in the history of architecture . It is, if not the a m earliest, at least one of the very ﬁrst ext nt speci ens in Y INTRODU CTOR J

Engla nd of a mansion- house built wholly as a peaceful

dwelling, and entirely without any thought of defence . Down to the end of the ﬁfteenth century all houses in the country of any i mportance or size were built m either as actual castles and castellated ansions, or at r leas t in the form and in the spirit of a castle . Na row m windows, turret staircases, cra ped doorways, an irregular m m m plan , battle ents, e brasures, and do inant towers were the ﬁrst necessities of a home to a wealthy and powerful

chief who was living on his own estates . Penshurst, S W T Haddon, udeley, arwick , even hornbury and

Kenninghall, are all castles originally built with ideas m of war, and gradually transfor ed under habits of peace . T W hey are in spirit Gothic and feudal . hen ﬁfty years m W later, in the piping ti es of Bess, Longleat and ool e Ce Sackv ille s laton were built, wh n the cils, the , and W illoughbys were designing their new and stately palaces, all notions of a castle were abandoned . But early in the ff reign of King Henry VIII . it required an e ort of the mind to perceive that the wars of the barons were over that a gentleman might live at his ease under protection ’ of law and the king s peace . In Italy and in France me n had long been building

s . Sir palace instead of castles As we shall see, Richard W m . 1 18 eston had gone on an e bassy to Francis I in 5 , and was taken across France at the very ti me when the C a was new h teaux were building . It natural that the minister and courtier who had attended in full bravery at C the Field of the loth of Gold, and who was the trusted W colleague of olsey, should be one of the ﬁrst to raise in m England a country house in our odern sense, instead of m ir . S an i itation castle Here, at any rate, Richard built him a dwelling which would hardly resist the assault of a 6 - ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOUSE c a .

mm mm t burglar sy etrical, airy, light, and co odious, wi h a n large and regul r windows, with an even and bala ced facade, with wide hall doors opening on to the green ; m m with no towers , winding stairs, oat, battle ents, or m m m outer ra part, but erely and si ply a quiet country

m . ho e Here is nothing feudal all is peace and art, and T o the art is rather Southern than Northern in idea . conceive such a home was to inaugurate a peaceful m revolution in anners .

It is well known how deeply, all through the sixteenth century, the ruling classes in England and in France had absorbe d that New Life and New Art which in Italy The had been fully developed in the cent u ry before .

Machiavellian turn for craft, secrecy, and suddenness of stroke, the passion for the beautiful, the revolt against the feudal habits of war and the old traditions of religious art, - an d m all these colour the politics , the poetry, the anners m of the age . Henry loved the artists of Italy as uch as did Francis ; Wolsey lived surrounded by Romans ; and Thomas Cromwell had his training in Italy itself. ’ ’ W St m eston s brother, the Prior of . John s, spent uch of mm his life in co and at Rhodes, and they both belonged

m St. to a fa ily which had served as Knights of John, and had seen foreign service for generations . Here, then , was exactly the combination best ﬁtted to introduce into m S English ho es that outhern grace, that colour and de in m light life, that New B irth of beauty which war the whole sixteenth century in England, and with which S S S urrey and Raleigh , penser and hakespeare, so deeply

ﬁlled their souls . Sir W Richard eston was one of those skilful, wary, and trusty servants of the Tudors by whose energy and craft m they established a strong personal govern ent in England . INTRODUCTORY 7

m the 1 18 1 1 He was ade Knight of Bath in 5 , and in 5 9 he was named with three other sad and ancient knights m m as gentle en of the Privy Cha ber . He was subsequently C W T C Master of the ourt of ards, reasurer of alais, and -T 1 18 Under reasurer of England . In 5 he was sent on m an e bassy to Francis I . with his brother, the Prior of ’

St. i T m S r . . I 20 John s, and Boleyn In 5 he acco panied the King in state to the Field of the Cloth of Gold . In 1 2 m 5 3 he took part in the ca paign in France, and he served under the Duke of Suffolk in the siege of Boulogne . In 15 2 1 he received a grant from the King of the royal m S 1 0 anor of utton, and in 53 he received a further grant

C . of lands at landon and Merrow His only son and heir, m m a personal play ate and inion of the King, had been ’ m a 1 0 arried to a rich heiress by the King s f vour in 53 , and in 153 2 he was made Knight of the Bath at the coronation of Anne Boleyn . Four years afterwards that son was executed on Tower Hill as one of the reputed m lovers of the Queen . Yet the father, other, and widow remain at Sutton and enjoy and accept the favour of the T m King . hey send presents to the royal fa ily when they

m . 1 pass near the at Guildford In 53 9, but three years

C . after the catastrophe, we ﬁnd the old knight still at ourt He is chosen with other knights to attend the reception T of Anne of Cleves in 153 9 . hen follow quickly the m divorce of Anne, with the arriage and execution of

Catherine Howard .

All these Sir Richard lived to witness . He died in 1 - m 54 2 . For thirty three years he was the trusted inister and servant of Henry he had held his offi ces under W C m m olsey and under ro well, through the Refor ation, Six the m the Acts, and Pilgri age of Grace, and all through ’ m Henry s first five arriages . He lost his son , but not his - c u 8 ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOUSE .

The head his patrons , but not his estates . wild surging m m C of those ti es fro atholic to Protestant professions, the deadly conflicts of that reign between mighty nobles - m W m and low born inisters , did not shake eston fro his ’ fﬁ 1 2 1 place, his o ces, or his King s favour . In 5 , in the heyday of Henry’ s renown and the full ascendency of

S the m S . pain, he received the grant of royal anor of utton In 15 25 Wolsey writes to ask for him from the King the 1 Chancellorship of the Duchy of Lancaster . In 5 3 9 C m m C ro well, who devised the arriage with Anne of leves , - W was all powerful . eston is one of those chosen to

receive her in honour, as his son had been appointed to The C m wait on Anne Boleyn . very next year ro well is overthrown and brought to the scaffold as a traitor in the T Two ir ms ower . years afterwards S Richard hi elf dies m S peacefully at ho e his goods are inventoried at utton , Sir C r Losele and his executors are hristopher Mo e of y, itzwilliam S m Sir F the Earl of outha pton , John Russell, m then Lord Ad iral, and founder of the house of Bedford, W T man and Lady eston , the widow . ruly such a who m m ’ had weathered so any stor s of Henry s passion in rule,

in religion , in friendship, and in love, and is tranquilly m laid to his rest full of years and of honours, ust have me n been of the order of to which belonged Paulet, he “ ” am who said, I the willow, not the oak . The vicissitudes and ironies of such a career give one a vivid sense of the tremendous whirlpool in which the Reformation and its consequences kept me n revolving in f the days of Henry . Here is an o ﬁcer of state who serves - the King for thirty three years, and retains the conﬁdence W m W C m S successively of arha , More, olsey, ro well, outh m a pton, and Russell who was a courtier through all the

XI I . m negotiations with Louis , with the E peror, with INTRODUCTOR Y 9

I m . Francis . , with the Ger an princes He goes on an m m e bassy to Francis I . he na es his only son after that W king . He who had obtained his grant under olsey, an d C had adorned his house in honour of Queen atherine, Cr m accepts the new order of things under o well, and procures for his boy a place about the person of Anne m Boleyn . His brother is the prior of a great onastic Sir house, who dies of grief at the dissolution ; Richard m C hi self undoubtedly dies a atholic, and yet he is chosen m C m to welco e the Protestant Anne of leves, and akes W Russell of oburn the executor of his own will . W C hen the son is beheaded as a traitor , the onstable of the Tower who executes the warrant is the knight who had been chosen with the father, eighteen years m before, to be one of the four personal co panions and m advisers to the King . Yet the grandson lives to arry the C cousin of Anne Boleyn , a cousin also of atherine Howard, S The of Lady Jane Grey, and of Lord urrey . old knight m B ou rchie rs itzalan s hi self serves first with the , the F , S the Howards, the tanleys, Berkeleys, and Brays, whose arms and coronets and garters he so proudly displays in me n Paule ts itz his hall, and then with the new , the , F m Wriothe sle s willia s, y , Gardiners, and Russells . In the end he leaves his will to be executed by the personal con fidan ts of Henry ; and to this very day we find in m his house a portrait of the E peror, the devices of C m C Aragon and astile, the po egranate of atherine, the hcr n ix m m S m p arising fro the fla es of Jane ey our, the m m ar s of Bishop Gardiner, and the ar s and portrait of Queen Mary side by side with the devices of Eliza beth and the portrait and escutcheons of her cousin and hostess . And what a wreck and ruin after all was the old man ’ s 10 - u ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOUSE c .

life Wi th what bitterness and hopelessness of heart in his last years must he have looked across the links of the W - e y and beheld the fresh beauty of his newly risen house . There is a certain accord between the fortunes of the knight and the fortunes of his master ; and the home which the minister built him on the ancestral manor of the King has shared in the blight which crushed the lives of both . It is still overshadowed by the catastrophe which snatched from the one his wife and from the other his m the son . Bright and pro ising was fortune of Henry and the fort une of Sir Richard when these walls ﬁrst rose

in the freshness of their fanciful grace . But the only son who had played within them as a boy never lived to in in habit the house he had watched the building . He who gave the estate in his bounty cut o ff the ﬁrst heir to it m in blood and sha e . He who obtained the estate by the King’ s favour lost the son who should have inherited it ’ me n by the King s fury . And the two so strangely linked m see ed still to have lived on in relations of intercourse, m a m m nay al ost of friendship, as if their c la ities had co e m m the to the by so e inscrutable destiny, as if father could as little blame the King as the King could blame the 6 0 father . And now as we look on the building where 3 years ago the bereaved father lived on with the dead son ’ s m widow, it see s to bear traces of the tragedy and the ruin

with which it began . One wing and the gateway are m gone ; one re aining wing is desolate and bare . Huge m m stacks of chi neys tower up, but are never war ed by a ﬁre ; the chapel and the chapel bell are gone ; the m m a orini still dance and sport, but under osses and m weeds ; decaying case ents creak in the wind, and ivy m m m encumbers the arabesques upon any an e pty ullion . Sir Francis who died on Tower H ill left an only child

- H 12 ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOUSE C .

T m 1 ho as Grey, who was beheaded in 554 ; he was cousin therefore of Lady Jane Grey, who was beheaded m with her husband, Guildford Dudley, in the sa e year, at C the accession of Mary . He was a cousin also of atherine S m m ey our, the unhappy victi of Elizabeth, who died T 1 6 prisoner in the ower in 5 7 . Indeed ten of Lady Weston ’ s near relations on the father’ s side had perished ff m ’ on the sca old . But on her other s side the havoc had e m b en even greater . Her other was attainted but not ’ actually beheaded in 155 2 her mother s sister was C 1 2 atherine Howard, the queen who was executed in 54 ’ m - in - her other s cousin was Lady Rochford, sister law of was m a Anne Boleyn , who beheaded in the sa e ye r ; her m ’ other s cousin also was Anne Boleyn , who had been ’ Sir 1 6 beheaded along with Henry s father in 53 . Margaret “ Howard was great- granddaughter of the famous Jockey ” of Norfolk, who was killed at Bosworth , granddaughter of the second Duke of Norfolk, who after being attainted T T by the udors and spending three years in the ower, m lived to be the victor over Ja es IV . at Flodden ; she was niece of the third Duke of Norfolk, who was attainted 1 6 T m in 54 , and of ho as Howard , who died prisoner in T 1 6 S the ower in 53 she was cousin of Lord urrey, the 1 poet, who was beheaded in 54 7 ; of the fourth Duke, was 1 2 who beheaded in 57 ; of Philip, Earl of Arundel , who died prisoner in the Tower in 1594 ; and she was -in - sister law of Ann Howard, who was attainted and died 1 m in prison in 54 2 . For two generations fro the building of it the masters and mistresses of Sutton had worn m m ourning in their hearts , if not in their hall, for al ost T every head that had rolled on ower Hill . The career of Sir Henry and his house in the reign of Elizabeth seems to have closed as darkly as the career of INTRODUCTORY 13

m m Sir Richard in the reign of Henry . Fro the ti e when the tremendous confl ict with Spain shook the throne of i e e n the Q , as the internecine war of assassination on the one side and executions on the other began to grow fie rce r m Sir m , it see s that the position of Henry beca e 1 0 him less brilliant or less secure . After 57 we find in 1 6 m ir T m no public o fii ce . In 5 9 he receives fro S ho as C C m opley, a desperate atholic recusant, who ulti ately S ended his career fighting on the panish side, a letter i mploring his intercession from his “ loving neighbour ” ’ and as sured pore friend Sir Henry s great- grandson married the descendant of this very man ; it is possible that the knight interceded for the exile to his own cost . m m Fro this ti e the fortunes of the house, which still T m C m . re ained atholic, see ed to fade hey sought no alliances with the great houses whose family burial- place T t C was by ower Hill hey avoided the perils of the ourt, m m and they took no public e ploy ent . It would seem almost as if they lived more constantly on the Clandon a m est te, and ceased to reside in a house darkened by so any memories and seriously injured by the fire . ff m One other e ort alone was ade in the next century . Sir W Sir Richard eston , the grandson of Henry, and m u fourth in descent fro the fo nder of the house, was in m m 16 1 16 possession of the anor fro 3 to 5 2 . He seems m to have occupied hi self enthusiastically with agriculture, m travelled uch in Holland, and wrote a valuable treatise m n which introduced so e new devices ofscientific husba dry . He made known in England not only several foreign m products , but the Dutch syste of canals with locks, and for years he was occupied in obtain ing an Act for his W al upon the e y . By what skill he succeeded in C carrying his project through the reign of King harles , - 14 ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOUSE C H . and then got his Bill passed by the Parliament of the mm C . o onwealth, we have not succeeded in learning He was a neighbour and a collateral connection of Richar d W a C s eston, Earl of Portl nd, the favourite of harle , High 1 min i t i T Ro alisg s e r. S r a reasurer, and y And yet Rich rd ,

m C mm C I . who had been ade a Royal o issioner by harles , C and was a known atholic and Royalist, lived peacefully m for years under the rule of the Parlia ent, and is buried G in uildford, full of honour, in the high tide of the m Com onwealth . m He arried his son to the heiress of Gatton , and thereby the Westons obtained the splendid estates and T quarterings of Copley . hey sold the Clandon e states m to Sir R . Onslow ; they see to have reﬁtted the house S m am at utton, placing the fa ily residence in the und aged side, and probably they built the new quadrangle on the fﬁ m m m western side, now the o ces . Fro this ti e the fa ily T is heard of in history no more . heir children and fathers, their uncles and cousins no longer lay their head on the block . No kings or queens are again ever The m welcomed at Sutton . fortunes of the fa ily not m only disappear fro the annals of England, but they hardly T are traceable in the annals of the county . hey mind We their lands beside the y, nor think of adding a brick to the old place that was now too large for their estate . The stirring traditions of Sutton Place end with the C mm m m s man o onwealth, where for the ost of our fa ou sions the stirring traditions begin . From that day till our own the silent process of decay No has slowly gone on with but little violent change . structural additions were made to the house one ruinous wing was pulled down in the last century the pictures ,

1 - S ee e s e o as to S ir . e s on 16 0 . furth r particular b l w R W t , 4 5 5 INTRODUCTORY 15

m the furniture, the parch ents have gradually been lost to S m m — sight . o e few portraits re ain Queen Mary and the hostess of Elizabeth the Weston who married the heiress W m C of Gatton illia opley, her grandfather the last of the direct line of the founder the ladies of the last W m century and the collateral estons, to who it passed in

178 2 . But of the glass in the hall the choicest and The rarest part is happily preserved . red and white roses T united, the udor portcullis and the crown of Henry, the hawthorn and the monograms of Henry of Richmond and m Elizabeth of York, the ar s of the archbishop who m m m T arried the , of Richard, who Henry udor defeated — m m and slew at Bosworth , these re ain of the sa e work m as m anship the frag ents in the chapel of Henry VII . in W m the A bbey at est inster, and are evidently the work m T of the sa e school . here are the coats, too, of the s m ﬁne t period of painted glass in England, agniﬁcent m m speci ens of that wonderful art, in the ar s with crown C and garter of Henry, of atherine of Aragon , of the Duke lo dde n of Norfolk of F , of the two Earls of Derby, the s T successor of the husband of Margaret Beaufort . here, m m too, re ain in the richness of their colours the ar s or devices of the men with whom the founder had served —S itzalan as a colleague and friend tephen Gardiner, and F , Sir Earl of Arundel, and Lord Berners, and Reginald W an d Sir . Bray, alter Dennys And above, of a later age, a ma and in less conspicuous qu rries, y be found the coats S C C . of ecil, Paulet, Vane, hirley, oke, and Onslow The glowing blazons of these mighty and stormy personages which gleam across the hall like ghosts in a dilapidated house are all that remains in Sutton to recall its

connection with the great . For two centuries and a halt W it has neither sought nor found such relations . ithin 16 - c m ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOUSE . the last eighty years its possession has passed in the same m m fa ily ﬁve ti es , and only twice has the son succeeded The the father . pressure of the penal laws of religion has r ha dly yet been redressed . Happy ( in an antiquarian sense) is the house whose annals are a blank . The m restorer, the i prover, the architect, and the landscape T m an gardener have no scope for their art . i e d our - m forefathers have the long drawn ﬁght to the selves . Thus it has come to pass that the genius of the place has retained in no scanty degree the peace and retirement The - W . e of a ruin gently gliding circles of the y, where it issues through the gate in the chalk at Guildford , wind round the house in long enfolding reaches, which on three sides alike shut it off from the neighbouring The m m m country . water eadows stretch for iles fro the foot of the wooded bank on which the house is placed . m Far beyond the , on the ridge between Guildford m m and Farnha , lies the ancient track of the pilgri s t T m m S . C fro the west to the shrine of ho as at anterbury . u St C an d Above G ildford the Chapel of . atherine the

Chapel of St. Martha crown the western and the eastern T S hills . hrough the gap where the axons bridged the We y at Guildford the glades of Surrey reach in broken T o vistas to the weald . the east, head away in the distance, in sweeps of woodland and copse, the downs of Efﬁ n gham and Clandon and Horsley . Broad ope n upland is all around, nor has our nineteenth century as ma yet broken the spell . One y watch the brickwork and the mouldings that the old knight raised in the heyday of the merry king without disturbance from the o world or an echo of busy life . One listens to the co ing of the wood - pigeon in the shady masses of the limes ; one may watch the kingﬁsher skim the u n ru fll e d bosom I NTRODUCTORY 17 W of the e y and the heron at work in the shallows . And in the evening there comes across the warren the murmur of the tumbling bays—the invention that the Sir — younger Richard brought out of Brabant, and the - m m beat of the water wheel of the ill, which is the ill recorded by the Conqueror in his Domesday . C H A P T E R I I

V I CISS IT UD E S OF TH E M A NOR OF S UTTO N

TH E m S anor of utton , lying quietly out of the way in m a ho e county, with nothing of any distinguishing char m acter about it, supplies a good exa ple of the vicissitudes which befell thousands of estates in England between C the onquest and the battle of Bosworth . Encircled in We the reaches of the y a little below Guildford, it was far from the great tide of civil war which rolled so ﬁercely in Plantagenet ti mes through the Midland and Northern counties . It was not near any great stronghold or battle m ct ground, nor did it for part of any rich and coveted tra of land . And yet during four centuries it is continually m C C changing hands, passing fro the rown to the rown C favourites ; back again to the rown, and thence into a new line . It is held in turn by a succession of me n m m m and wo en fa ous in English history, and the do estic annals of this unobtrusive manor form a rude outline of the history of England . T m hough not very valuable in itself, and not for ing - fﬁ part of the great vantage grounds of war, it was su ciently

- 2 0 ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOUSE c u .

posses sion of the estate She included it in her m m T m arriage settle ent with ho as, Earl of Derby, and 1 0 m at her death , in 5 9, she left the anor to Henry

VIII . , her grandson . During the stormy ti mes of Angevins and Plantagenets the unfortunate manor seemed to grow less and less

valuable . At each inquisition the value dwindles below

its rating in the age of the Confessor . In three centuries m m 0 0 0 0 the arable land di inishes fro 5 to 3 acres , then 1 0 1 S to 3 acres, and in 3 53 , the date of the tatute of C Poictie rs Labourers, between the battles of recy and of , we ﬁnd the inquisition run thus

1 n o me ss e e e e sa s 0 0 . A rui us uag valu d , aft r r p ri l , at £ o in ire l n e e a s 2 . o e co e t on A d v t , y rui d, as app r vi ew o f the same 0 0 0

Such was the result of three centuries of feudalism . But feudalism practically ended with the battle of

. r m Bosworth . Henry V II I and his g and other quietly - r T 1 retain the property for thirty six yea s . hen in 5 2 1 Henry grants the estate to a favoured comrade and fri e nd to build himself a stately mansion and from that day to m m m this the property has re ained in the sa e fa ily, and descends peacefully from father to son or from kinsman m to kins an, save only that the ancient spell of treason , m attainder, and beheading see s so far to cling round the m a anor, that hardly had its l st grantee covered in the roof of his new home when his only son and heir was convicted of high treason and beheaded in one of the passionate outbursts of his ﬁerce benefactor and king . ’ The hapless lad s son grew up to enjoy in peace his ’ m grandfather s ho e, though his own wife in turn had seen nearly a score of her near relations die on Tower Hill in n VICISSITUDES OF SUTTON MANOR 2 1

b - the wild urly burly of the Reformation settlement . Thenceforth the manor pe acefully descends from father to son for three centuries ; and ( what is not a little singular) the place which during the Wars of the Roses had changed its owner almost with every great battle remained perfectly undisturbed during the great civil The m war of the seventeenth century . ho e of a devoted C m m m o atholic and Royalist fa ily, of the sa e na e and st ck ’ C m o m as that of one of harles s ost unp pular inisters , a ’ house within an hour s walk of a stout Puritan town, ’ and within a day s ride of Winchester an d of Basing

House, has not an escutcheon defaced or a window broken . The portraits of Dorothy Arundell, the hostess of Eliza T beth , of Mary udor, the crowns, the garters, the red m m and white roses, the e ble s of royal and noble persons, fl - - m leopards and eur de lys of England, and the ar s and W m l crest of eston, kins an of the hated Earl of Port and —all stood uninjured in the great hall whilst Oliver ’ s ﬁerce Ironsides were sweeping by to the storm of Basing

. 16 8 House And Protectorate, Revolution of 9, and

Hanoverian dynasty leave the stubborn, Jacobite, and

- non j uring race unbroken , though cruelly disabled by sequestration and ﬁne . An d m now at length, after ore than eight centuries , on the very spot where the Confessor had his hunting lodge, they build a chapel of the old faith and dedicate

St. it to Edward, and continue to worship after the ancient rite in despite of Tudor reformations and Elizabethan W persecutions , and in despite of Roundheads , higs, and The m Georgian penal statutes . anor of Sutton is thus one of the very few estates still remaining in Englan d of which we can positively assert that it has never for a m C day passed away fro atholic hands, and wherein the 2 2 - e n ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOUSE . mass has been continuously celebrated since the times of our Saxon kings . The m S c m m e W anor of utton , whi h is a e b r of oking m m parish , and evidently so na ed as the southern ha let of W mm are the oking village co unity, was originally, we

S . Co n told, held by the axon kings King Edward the fe ssor had there a hunting lodge, on the hill about three m G m iles north of uildford, close by the odern church of ’

St. Vin e Cotta e . E dward and the priests house, g A clump of birch trees marks the remains of a very ancient ’ W a St. well, always c lled Edward s ell, within which fragments of old pottery and of very early encaustic tiles “ he have been found . T spot is still known as the Manor ” 1 Field . C m S Edward the onfessor, it appears fro the urvey, had m r 0 We n e i granted the ano of about 5 0 acres to one s . The account given in the Domesday Survey ( 10 8 2- 10 86 ) is as follows I —XX SU DR E. VIII TERRA ROBERTI MALET—I N WOKI NGES H UNDREDO

RO E n T We n e si e B RTU S Mal e t t e e t SU D U NE. t nuit de T s de f deb a s e e o . u n e e e n t ro mo o ro r g Edward p v hidi , d p T e e s carru arum I n om n . t c . o e st u n a e t iii hidis rra iii d i i ,

n e t bordarii c u m carru cis . e e t n s v villa i v ii Ibi vi s rvi , u u molin u s de solidis e t acrae . S de o e s v , xx prati ilva xxv p r i . Te m o e e Edwardi e t os v al u it as modo p r R gis , p t, viii libr , c s n te rram saisivi Duran dus e t dic un o o . t t om n e s s lid Ha c , h i o in iu ste e n am e m c m bre ve m e s qu d hab t, n o oru r gi vel liber atore m vidit . 1 e H n o MS S an d e l i n o on s F. . S r es in hi I f rmati uppli d by alvi , fr m . s osse ss on The o n of the n o of S on o n to the n to S ir p i . acc u t ma r utt d w gra t

es on is k e n o n n n an d B . 120 et se . T e e e en R . W t ta fr m Ma i g ray, i q h y hav b o o e B e 514 v ol . . 16 . f ll w d by rayl y, e ii 11 VICISSITUDES OF SUTTON MANOR 2 3 In English it would run thus W Tée l an d o Rooert Malet in akin Hun dred. f , g

a W Rooert M let bold: S n dtn n e. en eri ﬁeld it o Kin Edward f g .

t war t en ra ted or bide; n ow or bidet Toe arable I o f 5 f 3 . l an d if l on b- ten far T ere it 1 in dern ern e an d vill a in ; 3 p g . o , 5 an d bordarr wit 2 lon b-tean zr T ere are 6 rer an d 1 5 , o p g . o ﬁ ,

ll o 1 0 o do W mi . a ear an d 2 acr : mea w oodl a d o d e . n t ee f 5 y , f f

2 twin e I n toe time o Kin Edward an d a erwardf it was 5 . f g , ﬂ ,

al ed at 8 n ow at 10 0 1 D uran d bar rei ed téir lan d : a n a . z n t

toe born a e resen t t at be batb it witoon t ri or or t at n on e o g p o g , f o f ’ b rn me 16 6 7! tbe Kin s writ or an on e wlvo ave bin : liver o t t e i . g , y g y f

W We n e si m C hen held this anor of the onfessor, and C at the date of the onquest, it was assessed at ﬁve hides, and valued at £8 per annum (or say about £50 0 of our m S currency). At the ti e of the urvey, twenty years after C m the onquest, the assess ent was reduced to three hides,

. 0 0 valued at £5 It actually contained, however, about 3 2 0 m acres of arable and acres of eadow, with woodland 1 The for 2 5 swine . right of pannage would probably The m extend over 50 acres at least . ill is valued as 1 1 equal to 5 acres ( roughly about £ 5 of our value) . Of m 10 0 m the anor, acres were in de esne, occupied by the m 20 0 re lord hi self, acres were occupied by 5 villains

gardant, or attached to the soil, and tenants of the class m which ulti ately developed into copyholders, and 5 cotter ’ m tenants, bound to supply the lord s establish ent, and 6 ’ there were serfs, the lord s personal property, and acting

as his domestics . ‘ Thus an estate of about 4 0 0 acres in actual use

1 ! The bide was e s e of ateable val ue n ot of area . The a m a ur r , actual earruca was the o - e an d e o e s e of a ea S ee pl ugh t am , gav a r ugh m a ur r . o S ir an d n P o e sso F Histor o E n s/z La fw Po ll ck ( F . ) Maitla d ( r f r . y f i

be oe Edw ard I . 2 o s . se on e on 18 8 . f r , v l , c d diti , 9 2 - u 4 ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOUSE c .

16 s supported and was worked by resident tenant , and was valued at something like the equivalent of £4 0 0 The m per annum of our currency . value of it was uch about what it would be now but the tenants, about one 2 m m to each 5 acres, would be ore in nu ber than would now be found on it . C m Besides the King and the hurch en, who together me n hold the greater part of the county, there are only tio n e d in the Survey about twenty holders of land in all S m urrey . Every one of the appears to be a foreigner, m l and n ot one a native English an . The m W S anor of oking, which at the urvey was held m C by the King in de esne, was retained by the rown as m a royal anor until the reign of Henry II . B ut the m S m anor of utton, in the sa e parish, had been granted C to a subject by the onfessor, and was again continually separated from that of Wok ing by the Conqueror and his successors . The C S mm onqueror gave utton , along with i ense possessions in ﬁve other counties , to Robert Malet, son W m m T a of that illia Malet to who , with oust in , the W m m W m hite, and any paladins , the ighty illia entrusted the consecrated banner at the battle of Hastings, and m W whom he charged with the inter ent of Harold . illiam m C 2 Malet, one of the ost favoured of his hieftains, and ancestor of the house of Malet, which lately served the C 10 1 the m rown in Berlin , died about 7 in ca paign C against Hereward, but the onqueror heaped estates on

1 “ e n S sse x Surre e e o e o e s es the e of the K t , u , y , b cam ab v all th r hir pr y ”— s o e F e e n Norma n Con uest . 1. p il r . r ma , q , v 4 2 F ee n Norman Con uest . 66 1 . 2 . e r ma , g , iii 4 , 5 4 ; iv 4 7 William Mal t , w e ll -n igh the on ly N orma n o n wh om E n gli s hme n can loo k with person al ” s n d on o ympathy a h ur . 11 VICISSITUDES OF SUTTON MANOR 2 5

m S his son Robert . As he had no other anor in urrey, that of Sutton was apparently worth having by a royal m C m favourite . Henry I . ade Robert Malet Great ha be rlain of England but on his taking part with Robert, m Duke of Nor andy, in the conspiracy of the Duke m m against his brother, as did ost of the Nor an barons, Robert Malet was banished and his property conﬁscated

On the forfeiture of the estates of Robert Malet, s S Henry I . gave his pos essions to tephen of Blois, the C son of Adela, the daughter of the onqueror ; and he, m S on co ing to the throne as King tephen , granted the m S W m anor of utton to his own son illia , afterwards Earl W s m of arren . As there is no trace of any ca tle of i port m m W ance on the anor , and as the adjacent anor of oking m C re ained in the hand of the rown , there is no reason to suppose that during the terrible twenty years o f Stephen ’ s reign this particular district suffered especially m W m fro feudal anarchy . hen Henry II . ca e to the 1 1 throne in 54 he, in accordance with a previous treaty, restored to William of Warren the lands which his father S m had held as a subject, and utton was a ongst the vast estates of the popular prince . W m W Morte i n e On the death of illia , Earl of arren, g , S 1 16 0 the m S and urrey, in , anor of utton again reverted K U r i . . r c to the ing Henry I I gave it to one , and it was m conﬁr ed to his sons by Richard I . It was then valued 8 U rric at £ (say, vaguely, about , called the

Engineer, left it to a son ; but on his death without

1 M on e y valu es in a n cie n t times ca n n ot be re duce d to an y mo d e rn e qu iva e n The o e e s e e en s n 12 2 0 l t . ld r writ r gav arbitrary quival t by multiplyi g by , , or 0 an d e are so e e s o o e e e B u t e e n o e 4 , th y m tim f ll w d h r . th y hav r al

o an d are n ot o e oo ode n t o es . auth rity, ad pt d by g d m r au h riti 2 6 - n ANNALS O F AN OLD MANOR HOUSE e .

r hei s it again reverted to the Crown . King John then s granted it to Gilbert Basset, son of Lord Bas et of W ycombe ; and in the family of Basset the manor m The m re ained for upwards of seventy years . anor of S W utton was now again united with that of oking, and it remained so joined for the 3 0 0 years which separate the Great Charter from the time of Henry VIII . Though the great house of Basset were owners from the reign of John till the end of the reign of the third m Henry, the estate descended rapidly through the fa ily . Gilbert Basset died young from an accident in the hunt him mm ing ﬁeld, and his infant son followed i ediately to the grave . His next brother having been killed in battle, u lc the estate descended to the third brother, F , Bishop of London and on the speedy death of Fule, to Philip, a fourth brother . Philip was one of the barons who 12 6 fought for the King at the battle of Lewes, 4, and m m there was ade prisoner along with his royal aster . m a a On his death, so e years l ter, his inheritance p ssed to Aliva m , his only surviving child, for erly wife of Hugh m Despenser, the fa ous Justiciary, but now the wife of

Roger Bigod, Earl of Norfolk . T he m m ighty baron, the Earl Marshal, who in a fa ous 1 scene bearded the greatest of the Plantagenets, possessed s 12 8 the e tate in right of his wife but on her death, in 3 , he was forced by law to surrender it to her son by her th e ﬁrst husband . Hugh Despenser had been k illed at battle of Evesham in 1265 but he left by Aliva Basset W f a son , Hugh Despenser, Earl of inchester, ather of ’ I l s Edward . wretched favourite, who was executed like m him 1 2 . in 3 7 And thus, for the ﬁfth ti e since the

C m C . onquest, the anor reverted to the rown

1 ’ e s stit Hist . 1 2 . S e Stubb s Con . . i 3

2 8 - c u ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOUSE . was attainted and hanged in the furious revulsion o f feeling which swept into space the wretched Edward of C The m aernarvon . anor, of course, was forfeited to the The C . rown very ﬁrst year of his reign Edward III . , m m or those who acted in his na e, gave the anor to his - m W half uncle, Ed und of oodstock, second son of Edward m I . T u , by Margaret of France . hree years later Ed nd engaged in a conspiracy against the hated tyranny of the m m infa ous Isabella, the queen other, and her favourite, m Roger Morti er, Earl of March . He had short shrift, and was beheaded in 13 3 0 and again the manor reverted The m to the Crown . anor was found on inquisition to have fallen again in value . It is now worth altogether “ ” ’ 12 2 : The m m only £ 7 tene ent of Bigod s ti e, m The worth is now a ruinous essuage, arable and the meadow lands have both fallen in value “ ” “ 2 there is a warren of 5 . but the cocks and hens W have disappeared . However, such as it is , with oking m and other estates, Roger Morti er obtained a grant to himself and his sons . m m B ut the triu ph of Morti er was short . A few

m w . onths later Ed ard III , then a youth of but eighteen , m r m seized the reins of govern ent, a rested Morti er with m mm his own hand in the castle of Nottingha , and su arily T brought him to the block . hus within three short m m o r years of stor , insurrection , and rebellion the anor Sutton had seen three of its lords and masters attainted m m and beheaded . And three ti es in as any years the manor was forfeited to the Crown . It is no wonder m m that its value appears to di inish, the essuages to get m m ore and ore ruinous, and the very cock s and hens of Roger Bigod to disappear .

Edward III . was now well seated on the throne, which 11 VICISSITUDES OF SUTTON MANOR 2 9 he occupied for fifty years ; and one of his first cares was to undo the infamous work of the favourites of his m m . father and of his other Ed und, Earl of Kent, the I ’ son of Edward . , lay in a traitor s headless grave ; but m his sons Ed und, and then John , were restored in blood, in honours , and in estate, and were successively Earls 1 m ’ m of Kent . Ed und, John , and John s widow beca e m entitled to the anor, and peacefully enjoyed it but on 1 2 the death of John, in 3 5 , subject to the dower of ’ John s widow, the inheritance passed to his sister Joan , mm “ ” co only known as the Fair Maid of Kent . Joan Sir T m was the wife, first, of ho as Holland, one of the m m original Knights of the Garter, by who she left a fa ily, W m S then of illia , Earl of alisbury, and then of Edward , m m m the Black Prince, by who she beca e the other of m Richard II . Fro Joan the estate passed through a S m succession of Earls of Kent and Earls of o erset, all her e C m lin al descendants , to Margaret , ountess of Rich ond , and thence to her grandson , Henry V III . But though 1 0 r e m e during 5 yea s the estate d scended in the sa blood, this period includes the tremendous struggle of the Roses so that attainder, executions, and forfeitures are for this period even more frequent in the annals of the manor 1 0 than they had been in the 5 years preceding . W 1 2 m i hen in 3 5 the estate ca e to Joan , the Fair Ma d “ 8 : of , Kent, its annual value had sunk to £ the “ ” in tire l ruinous Messuage and the Dovecote, y ruined, o The 0 0 were valued at £0 0 . 3 acres of arable of the ’ C S r 1 0 onqueror s u vey were shrunk to 3 ; the pannage,

or right of turning pigs to feed in the wood, was worth

1 For the e n e o e s of o an d n s e Be o s H o n ds an d g al gi Y rk La ca t r, auf rt , lla , ' S fo s on s the es in S ir es s s e o La n ca ster taf rd c ult tabl Jam Ram ay valuabl w rk, an d York Ox l e n on es s 2 o s T e s o C P . 18 2 I . , f rd ar d r , v l , 9 , abl , II III ., IV. 0 - c a 3 ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOUSE .

“ 5 5 . and there is another wood whose pasture is worth The 0 0 o . nothing at £ Fair Maid, the great heiress a rti m m m and principal p of her ti e, ust have had ore p roﬁtable estates than Sutton before she won the Black

Prince, her chivalrous, ferocious, and splendid cousin . The fact was that Elizabeth , daughter of John , Marquis ’ of Juliers, and widow of John , Earl of Kent, Joan s m brother, had a settle ent of these estates by way of m dower, and she kept actual possession of the till her death in 14 1 1. In the meantime the inheritance or feudal lordship continued to pass through the descendants of Joan . T ma Sir T m Joan had a son, ho s , by ho as Holland, who was created Earl of Kent after the extinction of that title in the person of Edmund of Woodstock ; and m Tho as the second in due ti me became Earl of Kent . 1 T m He died in 3 97, when ho as , his son , who succeeded

S . as Earl of Kent, was created Duke of urrey He was ” one of those, writes the patient historian of the county,

who in the very beginning of the next reign ( Henry IV . ) entered into a conspiracy for seizing the King ’ s person m Ciren but failing in the atte pt, was taken prisoner at certer f an d m , whither he had led, according to the custo of the ti mes beheaded the day following without further ceremony . An attainder and forfeiture of his estates was ” 1 The 1 the . 0 0 consequence next year, 4 , Bolingbroke, m for reasons of his own , restored the estate to the other itzalan of the Duke, Alice, daughter of Richard F , the S the tenth Earl of Arundel, and Earl of urrey, great m m m a sea an, who hi self, after a stor y c reer, lost his head

ff . on the sca old in the later days of Richard II ,

n n n an d B Surr . 12 1. Ma i g ray, ey, i 2 S s . tubb , ii 4 95. 11 VICISSITUDES OF SUTTON MANOR 3 1

The itzalan m surviving son of Alice F was Ed und, Earl of Kent, to which title he succeeded on the execution of

T m S 1 0 0 . his elder brother, ho as, D uke of urrey, in 4 B ut as he died a few years after his unhappy brother without issue the inheritance next descended on their s sisters . One of the e was Margaret Holland (afterwards wife of that Duke of Clarence who was killed in his ’ brother s wars in France), previously the wife of John S m Beaufort, Earl of o erset, eldest son of John of Gaunt C t Sw n ford m by a herine y , his istress, and then his third wife . m 1 0 8 m Here we co e, in 4 , into the ti es of the Beauforts, in which family the estate remained until its alienation e m C . by the rown It r ained, indeed , but with wild vicissitudes, deaths, attainders, and constant revolutions . S m ma John Beaufort, Earl of o erset, died, strange as it y m 1 1 0 . see , in his bed about 4 His eldest son , Henry, S m m Earl of o erset, died a inor, and without issue, in 1 m 1 8 . S 4 John, Earl and Duke of o erset, the next

brother, his heir, assigned the estate to his younger m S m brother, Ed und, eventually Earl and Duke of o erset,

St. a 1 who was killed in the ﬁrst battle of Alb ns in 4 55 . S m His eldest son , Henry, Duke of o erset, who succeeded,

founder of the ducal house of Beaufort, was taken, after m 1 6 m the battle of Hexha in 4 4 , and pro ptly beheaded The on the ﬁeld . second and third sons were slain at T 1 1 ewkesbury, 4 7 , without issue, and thereupon, the m m ale issue of John of Gaunt being extinct, the anor S C of utton at last devolved on Margaret, ountess of m m m Rich ond, the fa ous other of Henry VI I . One need hardly say that the manor of Sutton was not

the only inheritance which the Whirligig of civil war, th e battles , attainders, and executions had cast into lap 2 - C H 3 ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOUSE .

of Margaret Beaufort . As the only child of John S m Beaufort, third Earl of o erset, she represented the m fa ily of John of Gaunt by his third wife . One part of the inheritance aforesaid was the claim to the throne of England . Henry VIII . , as every one knows, at last combined the claims of the Red and White Ros e ; and it is indeed no wonder that the house built on the We y by Henry ’s minister should be covered with the symbolic m W e blems of Red and hite Rose in union ; for the knight there received from his master a manor which 120 for years had belonged to the Red Rose, but which W co n ﬁscatin the hite Rose had been so constantly g, z sei ing, and occupying all through the grand tussle . The m S m succession to the anor of utton , which fro the time of Edward I . really follows the lines of the S succession to royal titles and the control of the tate, is, as every lawyer would perceive, a legal, and not The - at - a possessory interest . heirs law were very far W e from being always in possession . idows wer very m real powers in feudal ti es , and dower was a fact and

m. not a conveyancing conundru In truth, Elizabeth , itzalan daughter of the Marquis of Juliers , and Alice F , the daughter of the Earl of Arundel, both kept possession e m re of the estate by right of their dow r . And further o , when the estate did devolve on the Beauforts, their actual enjoyment of it not a little depended on the issue of the battles and the ups and downs of war and intrigue . S m On the attainder of Henry, Duke of o erset, after m the battle of Hexha , the estate was forfeited to King

Edward IV . He and his brother, Richard I II . , kept possession of the forfeited estates during their reigns . m m W Edward IV . resided not seldo in his anor of oking, S which, as we saw, was conjoined to that of utton 11 VICISSITUDES OF SUTTON MANOR 3 3

throughout the whole fourteenth and ﬁfteenth centuries . In the hall of Sutton to this day stands the blazon of

Richard when Duke of Gloucester . No doubt as king he held possession of the estate ; but it was only on the 1 8 battle of Bosworth, in 4 5, that Henry VI I . could put m ff his other in e ective possession of estates which , confiscation and attainder apart, had been her property 20 m for the years since the battle of Hexha , and which Margaret Holland had first brought to the Beauforts j ust 8 0 e years b fore . Here, with Bosworth field, ends the Whirligig of escheat and forfeiture which had swept round continually since the death of the great Edward t 1 8 Longshanks . During hat period of 7 years the estate m e xe cu had been forfeited eight ti es on the attainder, T tion , or death in civil war of the legal owner . here is nothing exceptional in this . It is a fair average specimen from a southern English county in the fourteenth and T m fifteenth centuries . here is uch to learn by observing feudalism at home in its own manor- house and its “ m ” ruinous essuage . We need not here rehearse the virtues, piety, dignities , be n e ficen ce m and of Margaret Beaufort, sole re nant and e C m hop of the Red Rose, ountess of Rich ond, and then m m of Derby, who lies in so noble a onu ent in the south ’ W m 1 s C . h aisle of Henry VI I . hapel at est inster S e m m T arried first, at the age of sixteen , Ed und udor, Earl m C of Rich ond, a son of atherine of France, widow of m m r V . Hen y , and thus she beca e the other of Henry

1 “ She wh ose m e rit e xcee d s the highes t comme n dation that can be

e n as the o o s C en de e s . H e r n e was e n giv , lab ri u amd clar Lati pitaph writt — ’ s s B e Westmin ster A bbe . 0 . For e Be o by Era mu . rayl y, y , i 7 Margar t auf rt s ’ x Tbe e to the C o n se e . e B e s e e e n o o Successi t titl r w Mr A lfr d ail y c ll t b k, on o

tire E n li sh C ow n 18 . g r , 7 9 - e n 3 4 ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOUSE .

T m Sir . S ff VII . hen she arried H ta ord, son of the m m T m Duke of Buckingha and thirdly she arried ho as , S Lord tanley, the hero of Bosworth, and ﬁrst Earl of G Derby . reat ladies in those days, as we see in the m m m little story of our anor, arried early and arried m often ; and as their lords and masters soon ca e to m ff r unti ely ends in the ﬁeld or on the sca old, they ca ried their hands and their possessions through half the feudal m nobility . Lady Margaret, the saintly princess of who Gray sings

o e mo an d e n n om he r o e o F r st l a i g fr g ld n cl ud, The ve n e r abl e Margar e t

’ m t has perpetuated her na e by the foundation of S . John s C C ’ C C m ollege and hrist s ollege at a bridge, and the divinity professorships at both universities which bear m She r m her na e . was a lea ned and pious wo an , as is ’ Li e fully told in Halsted s f , and she herself translated 1 I mita tion from the Latin the and other books of devotion .

And as engaged in religious vows , she is represented in - l Mr . the well known picture, belonging to Mi ner Gibson , T 18 0 exhibited at the udor Exhibition in 9 , in the habit She 1 0 - of a nun . died in 5 9, at the age of sixty eight,

having lived to see her grandson crowned as Henry V I II . Margaret Beaufort lived much at Woking from the m battle of Bosworth till her death, and the anor of m She Sutton was practically a part of her ho e estate . m often received in it her son, Henry VI I . , any of his W Acts being there signed . oking and Sutton were both included in the settlement which Marga ret made m on the arriage with the Earl of Derby, and were e appo inted to the Earl for lif after her decease . But

1 H s i o Ma r re u r C . e e a t B ea o t 18 1 A . al t d , L f f g f , 3 9 , p . 9 5.

- 3 6 ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOUSE C H .

“ - faithful service, to his noble and well beloved Privy C Sir W ouncillor, Richard eston , Knight, his heirs and ” 1 assigns . N ine years later Sir Richard Weston received a further 2 th 1 0 him grant, dated 5 May 53 , which gave license to m 6 0 0 0 i park acres of land and pasture, 5 acres of wood , 0 0 u a and 4 acres of heath and f rze, in the p rishes of 2 C ﬁsher . Merrow and landon, with free warren and y T his made him lord of the lands lying south of the m W We anor of oking, across both banks of the y, as T he far up as the top of Merrow Downs . dates of these The grants deserve notice . ﬁrst grant was during the C W zenith of the power of ardinal olsey, when he had just negotiated a league between Henry VIII . , the

m C V . m E peror harles , and the Pope, at the ti e when W olsey was aspiring to the Papacy, and when the English Government was straining every nerve to carry The S on the war with France . grant of utton followed C close on the visit of harles V . to Henry V III . at Dover Sir W and Canterbury . Richard eston had been one of m the witnesses to the treaty with the E peror, and one of the noblemen and knights appointed to receive and attend The was m him at Dover . second grant ade after the fall of Wolsey and the trial for the divorce of Catherine of Aragon . ’ From the date of the grant in Wolse y s ti me the ma W nor has been held by the estons, descendants of Sir 1 8 2 W m an Richard, and since 7 by estons fro allied m The m . branch of the sa e fa ily present owner, F . H .

1 The r n is s e d in the Ca len dar Sta te P a ers o s Se es g a t ab tract of p , R ll ri - No 1 2 1 e 2 e o O e . S . B B e e . 1 1 R . . . 2 ( r w r) , iii , 5 9 3 , c rd fﬁc , 3 4 , 7 , mark d , pat , p , n co of the e n is in o ssess on of the o n e f h 18 . A n n e o t e m . a ci t py pat t p i w r 2 H n Es . n n n an d B . 6 0 e s e F. . S . . tat , alvi , q Ma i g ray, iii p 11 VICISSITUDES OF SUTTON MANOR 3 7

S T m S C alvin , is the sixth son of ho as alvin of roxdale, in m W u Durha , by Mary Ann eston , eldest da ghter of John We bbe -W eston, the devisee of the estate on failure of m m the issue of Sir Richard . It is so ewhat re arkable m C that an estate which, fro the onquest to the battle Of C Bosworth, had been so often forfeited to the rown m m should never since have passed out of the sa e fa ily, although the only son of the grantee was attainted and the executed ﬁfteen years after the grant, although grandson of the grantee was a noto rious Catholic all z through the penal laws of Eli abeth, and although its C m owners were atholics and Royalists, alignants of m the C War the deepest dye, all through the ti es of ivil , C mm the o onwealth, and Protectorate, though they were non-jurors and obstinate Jacobites under the Dutch and

Hanoverian dynasties . m Fro the day when Henry VIII . granted the estate ’ to his favourite knight and to Wo lse y s most humble ” “ oodn e s me d acio n servant, through whose g and y all ” e m Sir that I have now proced d and ca e, as Richard “ ’ ” m in 1 2 wrote to y lorde legate s grace 5 7, down to this day the manor of Sutton ceases to have any connec m m tion with the history of England, and beco es a ere private estate and unobserved country mansion . Henry : re VI II . was frequently there indeed he constantly at W r sided oking and at Guildfo d, and he could only pass from one to the other across the manor of S z utton . Eli abeth was often there too ; for she, too, W was constantly passing it on the way to oking, Pirford Lo l m se e . , Guildford , and y Fro that day to the present time the owners of Sutton had little trust in m T e C . princes , and s all favour to exp ct at ourt hey C - ff were atholics , non jurors, disa ected Jacobites, and 8 - 11 3 ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOUSE c a . deeply alien to all Protestant settlements . Henceforth the history of the manor concerns no one but the owners m and their fa ily . ma m It y be partly by chance, and possibly by so e removal of painted glass from the old manor - house at W - the oking, but it is singular that to day we ﬁnd in m m m windows and quarries of the hall ar s, e ble s , and m m devices of a great nu ber of historic persons and fa ilies , all of whom had some connection with the past history m of the anor, who had owned it, or had been visitors in m it, or were friends and colleagues of its owners . A ongst m ma . these y be entioned the Beauforts, Edward IV and

r . Richa d III . , Henry VII . and Henry VIII , the Earls of

Arundel, Earls of Derby, and Dukes of Norfolk, Arch Bo u rchie r C Sir bishop , atherine of Aragon, Reginald T . S Bray, Edward VI , Mary udor, Phili p of pain, Queen z u Win Eli abeth , B ishop Gardiner, Pa let, Marquess of T C . . chester, harles I I , and the Earls of Onslow here is no reason to suppose that Sir Richard Weston when he built his house was deeply versed in the history of his m m anor but when he ca e to place in his hall the coats, me n m m crests, and devices of of historic na e with who or e he had served, who had visit d his hall , he was really placing there the same emblems which centuries before had been borne on the pennons of the lords of the manor before him . C H A P T E R III

P I - B EFO E TH E E FO T O A R T . R R R M A I N — S I R RI CH ARD W E STON TH E EL D E R B U ILD E R OF TH E H OUS E

SI R R R W STO S ICH A D E N, who built utton Place and m me n there founded a fa ily, was one of those typical , at m m m once soldiers , diplo atists , and states en , by whose ar s and brains Henry VII . and Henry VI II . consolidated the T m great udor onarchy of the sixteenth century . In we following up his life and story, are struck with the vast change in social and political life which this mon r a chy introduced , and with the ﬂexible, versatile, Italian character of the agents by whom these masterful kings m Sir were served . Ordinary history does not say uch of r W r Richa d eston . But the State pape s are full of his m T S m na e . here is hardly a single tate cere ony or event - 4 0 ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOUSE C H .

’ during the eighth Henry s reign in which he is not re t ffi corded to have par . A bare list of the o ces he held m m m would fill so e pages . He is a soldier, sea an , a bassa dor, governor, treasurer, privy councillor, j udge of the C W m ourt of ards, courtier, the a asser of great possessions, mu n ifi ce n t a patron of art, a wary, adroit, and successful man ff r of a ai s . Sir Richard Weston was j ust such a man as was Sir C m Hin chin bro ke m Richard ro well, founder of the fa ily, - Sir great grandfather of the Protector, or such as Henry Sir S m Sir T m Marney, Edward ey our, ho as Boleyn, and ir m S John Fitzwilliam . He served his royal aster for m - m ore than thirty two years, fro the first year of the reign until his own death at a great age ; and there is almost complete evidence that he never lost the King ’ s o r ffi favour resigned a single o ce till his last illness . He a saw out all the ch nges of policy and religion, the book the m Six against Luther, Refor ation, and the Articles ; m ’ he did ho age to five of Henry s queens, he saw scores of his colleagues and his own son beheaded on charges of treason, and yet he retained to the last the confidence of the ’ King . It gives one a new idea of Henry s character, to see the unbroken loyalty which he could show to an old ir m and tried servant . S Richard see s to have been indeed ’ a servant after Henry s own heart brave, discreet, wary, m m m agnificent, artistic, cos opolitan , without troubleso e C S man scruples or feelings, either in hurch or tate ; a without any feudal connections or instincts, and with m m no dangerous a bition devoted to his aster, body and “ ” 1 l me n soul , essentia ly one of the new . He rose into

1 ’ S ee H en s own e of his o n o s in the n s e to the e e s f ry vi w c u cill r , a w r r b l o “ I n the e n n of ou r rai n e e e o s e 1 . n is s d so Y rk hir , 53 7 b gi i g g , wh r it ai that n n o e e n e e o n o s we doe n ot o e who e e ese o n ma y bl m w r c u cill r , f rg t w r th c u cil 111 SI R RICHARD WESTON THE ELDER 4 1 royal favour under Archbishop Warham long before W W olsey he retained it under olsey, and after ’ Wolse s t y fall, after hat of More, and after that of T m C m m ho as ro well . He served the all, and he outlived m the all .

There is nothing about him of the old feudal nobility . e m He b longs to an ancient fa ily of knights and squires, me n soldiers and crusaders, of good blood, but not noble

in the legal sense of the word . In the splendid pedigree m of - - at- m 16 2 of the fa ily, the work Garter King Ar s in 3 , S long preserved at utton Place, and now in the British m 1 m W m m Museu , the fa ily of eston is traced fro the ti e m of Henry I . but with its galaxy of Nor an and feudal chivalry there is not a single allian ce of a Weston with Sir any of the greater houses or titled nobility . Richard me n was evidently one of the able , of courage, brains, and r m T a cultu e, on who the udors relied to bre k the teeth of the barons and such remnants of them as the Wars of the m — Roses had left, and to build up a odern king craft of a civilised, organised, rich , artistic, intellectual order, such m V I . C as was the drea of Francis , harles . , and afterwards i . S r of Elizabeth of England and Henry IV . of France W Richard eston was evidently one of the me n who helped on this work ; after his kind, personally unscrupulous, m - - grasping, ti e serving, and self seeking, but withal of

10 18 for of the Te o e e e e two o to be e n o e , mp ralty th r w r but w rthy call d bl the on e the T e s e of n n the o e the o H S e of o u r r a ur r E gla d , th r L rd igh t ward H o se o o e s as the o s n e an d D s n we l - o n u h ld ; th r L rd Mar y arcy, but ca t , b r en e e n an d e t of n o e n s e e e o o e u s an d s o g tl m , y gr at la d till th y w r pr m t d by ,

e n s an d o s S e e 6 ix. H o of o o was mad K ight L rd ( p d , p . 77 , bk . ) ward N rf lk T e s e the H S e was T o o o f S e s r a ur r ; igh t ward alb t , f urth Earl hr w bury ’ - B e e . es on was e x on e of H e n s s n e o n en e ( r w r, i W t actly ry ca t, w ll b r g tl me n of n o re P F e n n A n n e B ol e n n s t o o e . Con s , g at la d ill pr m t d ult aul ri dma , y , - 1 vol . . 2 6 M 1 . 2 i S . 8 0 i pp 9 . A dd t . 3 , 9 . 2 - n 4 ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOU SE c .

m m unble ished credit, and staunchly faithful to his aster

and to his friends . m ma According to the pedigree ade by Garter, one y suppose in anticipation of the famous Copley alliance of 16 W S m 3 7, the estons of utton are descended fro a very ancient family seated in Lincolnshire in the time of Henry The I . j udicious historian of the nineteenth century will as little guarantee as he will dispute the accuracy of m a fa ily genealogy of such absolute heraldic authority, and blaz oned in so splendid and scientiﬁc a form as is the R0 11 1 which is now one of the pri z es of the British Museum . In that gorgeous family tree the race starts from Hayle ric W m I . C . of eston in Holland, ounty Lincoln , te p Henry , m and descends through a succession of Nigels and La berts , who witness charters and otherwise prove their reality, if m not their relationship, down to one Hu phrey of Prested 1 m Hall, in Essex, 3 Richard II . Hu phrey W r e C eston , by his ﬁ st wif , atherine, widow of John de m W Beaucha p, was the father of John de eston of

8 . m m Boston, 3 Henry VI fro who descend in W S right line the estons of utton . By his second wife, W Joan, he was the father of the Robert de eston , the W 2 m ancestor of the estons of Prested Hall, Essex, fro m W r 16 2 who descended Richard eston, Ea l of Portland, 3 , m I We bbe - W . C . te p harles , and also John eston (the

1 ’ “ S ee F ed n n s A n n e B ol e n . . o e e has the n of ri ma y , i 3 7 N wh r maki g false pe digree s be e n so e xte n s ive ly pract1se d as it was in E n glan d duri n g the E e man or o n who ose n o the o o s i xte en th ce n tury . v ry w ma r i t r yal fav ur — — to to the he rald to e for on s e on so e ge n e al ogi had but apply ﬁ hav a c id rati m e e e ou t the oo of was o s S xon C e n or an cal tr mad , r t which a fabul u a hi ftai , ” n n . B ut e n F e n n is e qually imagi n ary N orma k ight th judicial Mr . ri dma a o e n e of so e s e n an d e e of H en an d of f r ig r, a m what c ptical tur , a cru l judg ry ’ n n e Be s e s S e s e e e was e in the e n of C es . A . id gar p digr mad r ig harl I 2 ’ S ee Moran t s E ssex . 0 1 1. , ii 7 , 7

- 4 4 ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOU SE e n .

1 m . kingdo , and it carried on a large trade with the Levant The Westons were great seamen as well as soldiers ; Sir W 1 Sir W m 1 20 John eston , 4 74 , and also illia , the Prior, 5 , served as Admirals of the Fleet of the Knights of Rhodes and it is possible that the family assisted Richmond in his The landing at Milford Haven before Bosworth . services W St. of three estons , Knights of John, the brother and Sir two uncles of Richard, in the heroic crusade against T T m m the urk , will be spoken of later . here see s so e ground for thinking that the Westons had materially T contributed to the successful venture of Henry udor, which eventually placed the crown on his head on

Bosworth field . W ithin a month of the coronation of Henry V I I . in 2 W m Bo u rchie r est inster Abbey by Archbishop , we find m W Sir m Ed und eston , the father of Richard, pro oted by 8 h 1 m the King . On 2 t November 4 85 a grant is ade to m W T m Sain tmart n Ed und eston and ho as y , Esquires , in survivorship ( “ in consideration of good and gratuitous services performed by them with g reat labour and great m ” ffi C personal cost to the selves ) of the o ce of aptain, G Keeper, and Governor of the island of uernsey, and C castle of ornet, and of the other islands and places in m those parts, and the castles and fortresses within the sa e, 3 and the revenues, without rendering any account thereof. What were these good and gratuitous services per

1 ' S e e Pishe T o son Histor o B oston in Lin coln sbtre 18 6 . 18 o y h mp , y f , 5 , p 4 , t mb of e s on n of S t o n S ir e s on o f Bos on is e n on e a W t , K ight . J h . W . W t t m ti d 1 an d in 1 6 3 3 3 3 77 (pp 4 7 , 2 Emble ms of the Kin g an d the arm s an d mitre o f the Archbishop are “ e e s f h f on see xii The r pre sen te d in the pai n t d gla s o t e hall o Sutt ; chap . . ” n e s n o s 6 . Pai t d Gla s Wi d w (I . ; II 3 l n H 186 2 e o s e e Ca e dar e n . . . P o O , ry VII , i pp , 3 7 , ublic R c rd , R c rd fﬁc ,

P S No 1 2 20 . . . . 5 4 , pat . , p . , m . 111 SI R RICHARD WESTON THE ELDER 4 5 formed at “ great labour and great cost ” ? Doubtless the use of money or ships ; possibly a contingent that The m fought at Bosworth . extre e haste of the reward, m within three onths of the great battle, suggests it and that the service was great is shown by the nature and m W value of the gift . Ed und eston proved to be the m m survivor, or the ore successful, for four onths later, 8th 1 86 m on March 4 , there is a grant for life to Ed und W ’ “ eston, now Esquire of the King s Body ( in considera tion of various services in which he had expended large m m ffi C su s of oney of the o ce of aptain , Keeper, and The ffi m Governor of the island of Guernsey . o ce beca e m m The al ost hereditary in the fa ily . year of the W accession of Henry VIII . , Richard eston , the son of m m ffi 22n d Ed und, was appointed to the sa e o ce, May 1 1 0 - r 5 9, and he held it for thirty two yea s . The Westons were evidently of a family which had T rendered signal service to the udors , and were high in m favour with Henry V II . Ed und twice received a m m m lucrative and i portant govern ent, and was na ed ’ Esquire of the King s Body in the first year of the reign .

His younger brother, John, had been appointed by Peter ’ d Au bu sson , then Grand Master of the Order, Lord Prior ’ St of . John s in England and Edward IV . , in a letter to m S . Pope ixtus IV , accepts the no ination of the Grand 2 The Master and the Pope . elder prior, as afterwards m was the second prior, his nephew, was e ployed in

1 The of e of S e e B e Histor o ern s to 18 1 . 2 0 . W . rry, y q ey, 4 cd ., 5, p 5 fic o e n o of th e s n d is on e of e n an d in the o ee n an d G v r r I la gr at a tiquity, f urt th ee n e n e e n n e d o n e s The e s on s e d fift th c turi s had b e ofi e h l by r yal pri c . W t h l the os on n o s o 1 8 to 1 1 p t c ti u u ly fr m 4 8 54 . 2 Cal en dar o S tate P a ers e n e n 120 2- 1 0 es of e n e n f p , V tia , 5 9 (Archiv V tia h N x s . 2 t Fe o 2 e e o f . to o e S L ibrary) , . 4 5 . L tt r Edward IV P p i tu IV , 5 bruary 1 6 4 7 . 6 S - 4 ANNAL OF AN OLD MANOR HOU SE e n .

m 1 86 him e bassies by the King . In 4 we ﬁnd one of the C mm o issioners to arrange a treaty between Henry VI I . m . S 1 88 and Ja es III , King of cotland and in 4 he is one of the ambassadors to treat for peace with Ferdinand and S 1 m 1 8 . Isabella of pain . He hi self died in 4 9 W Richard eston , accordingly, in the reign of Henry was fﬁ V II . the eldest son of an o cer high in favour with m him the King, and heir of a fa ily which had rendered

conspicuous services in peace and war . It does not appear whether Richard had any part in Bosworth ﬁeld and the

campaign which it ended . As he was probably born 1 6 1 6 6 m about 4 5 or 4 , he would be under age at the ti e ma of the battle, but y well have taken part in it . He would be early introduced to the King and the P rince and he certainly held offi ce in Berkshire under Henry 2 VI I . Th e . very first year of the young king, Henry VIII , W m we find Richard eston receiving pro otion and grants , just as his father Edmund had received them in the first

year of Henry VII . ; and in such hot haste that it would seem as if the Splendid young prince (he was then but

1 Ma terials or Histor o Hen r VI I . o s Se es C e vol 1 8 0 f y f y , R ll ri ( ampb ll), . . p . 4 , vol 2 H e is e e e F o n Westou n o of the o e . ii . p . 7 3 . th r call d riar J h , pri r rd r

of S t o n e s e in n n . . J h J ru al m E gla d 2 Ca len da r o State a ers H en . . 1 0 . I n the riv ur se f P p , ry VIII , i 5 5 P y P

E x en ses o Eliza bet/t Yor k u een o Hen r VI I . we ﬁ n d in 1 0 2 p f of , Q f y , 5 that “ 0 8 was to e s on for e n n e sse s of rde l le s £4 1 . paid Richard W t c rtai har gy by ” o for the e en e on the se a. A n d in 1 0 2 an d 1 0 him br ught Qu b y d 5 5 3 (pp . “ to Mrs n n e e s on 2 es are . in 3 , 99) wag paid A W t , a lady ’ en n e on the e en T s was o o s S 1r s e T s att da c Qu . hi bvi u ly R ichard wif . hu h e e of H en as e s bo th he an d his wife we re in t e s rvic ry VII . w ll a that of H e n an d in o n n e e s es on was in ry VIII . ; all pr bability A , aft rward L ady W t ,

e n n e the e of the ee n e of o . T e e is so att da c at d ath Qu , Elizab th Y rk h r al “ m e n tion of m on e y paid to We ston for the k in ge s losse at di sse o po n S hro ve “ on 1 1 18 th Fe 1 0 2 an d n to es on for the M day, £ 3 bruary 5 agai , t — W n to C e e E x ce ta Historica . 12 . ki g play at h k , rp , p 7 111 SI R RICHARD WESTON TH E ELDER 4 7

W m eighteen ) thought that eston, who was then ore than

m . forty, had not been duly reco pensed Henry VIII . had m not been king a onth , and had not yet been crowned, when three patents were signed in favour of Richard W m eston . H e was ade Keeper of Hanworth Park and m r C S of the ano of old Kennington , teward of Marlowe, C o ke ham C , and Bray, and ﬁnally he was appointed aptain, r G th e Keepe , and overnor of Guernsey, of castle of

C S . ornet, and the isles of Alderney, ark, etc , as held by W m . 2 l st 2 2n d Ed und eston, etc All this on to May he 1 1 0 t . 5 9, before King had been crowned W a m . May, we shall ﬁnd, is a critic l onth to the estons The day of the coronation Weston is appointed Steward of the Lordship of Flamste d two months later he has the custody and wardship of a young heir ; his wife, Anne W m eston , gentlewo an with the Queen, has the ward ship o f another young heir ; the next year he is in the Commission for Berkshire the security for a loan to him by the King of £ 10 0 is cancelled ; he has the grant of m the anor of Upton Pole, Berkshire, forfeited by the attainder of Francis, Lord Lovell he has license to m freight a ship with wools, skins , etc . , to carry the to foreign parts through the Straits of Marrok (Morocco) and the next year he is appointed Lieutenant of the Castle W ’ and Forest of indsor, with lodgings in the Lieutenant s T Sir W m ower, and perquisites as held by John illia s or Sir John Nort es ( 2n d June 15 1 There is no doubt that he married some years before S S S Anne, the daughter of Oliver ands or andys of here th 1 1 who died on the 7 November 5 5 . His son Francis

1 n dar o ta t a ers e n 1 2 2 e tc N Cal e S e H . 1 B f P p , ry VIII , . 9 , 9 3 , 94 , 3 , . . . T s was s ix e s e o e the se of o se s the e Sea s e e hi y ar b f r ri W l y, whil t Gr at l w r e s o h ld by Archbi h p Warham . S - n 4 8 ANNAL OF AN OLD MANOR HOU SE c .

1 11 W appears to have been born in 5 . Mrs . eston is m m 1 0 entioned as gentlewo an of the Queen in 5 9, as

she no doubt was to Queen Elizabeth of York, who died The King has only been on the throne two

years when Richard had two noble governorships, lands , r m T wardships, stewa dships , and a ercantile patent . ruly man m this is a bent on a assing a great fortune, the destined 2 architect of a broad and stately career . ’ Every few months during the earlier part of Henry s reign the State Papers record some appointment in favour W 1 10 Calen dar of the estons . In 5 ( , Henry VIII . , i . 126 2 m ) we have a letter fro the Grand Master of Rhodes , ’ m d Amboise E ery , to the King, notifying receipt of the King’s letter on behalf of William Weston of the pre a isla The him ce p tory of B d y . Grand Master has given 3 an annuity . In the following year a Weston is sent with the force a S under Lord Darcy to ssist Ferdinand, King of pain , in 4 the campaign against the Moors . Ferdinand had asked T s of Henry 10 0 0 English archers . he e were sent under “ T the command of Lord Darcy . here were appointed to go with the Lord Darcie, Lord Anthony Grey, brother D Gu ilde ford W to the Marquis orset, Henry , eston , W m S ’ ” 6 n . Bro ne, illia ydney, Esquires of the King s Horse

1 n an d B . 2 . For e e e of n n e S n s se e n n n Man n i g ray, i 5 4 p digr A a dy Ma i g e she is s to be the s ste of O e S n s of S e e d B . 6 1 e an ray, ii 7 , wh r aid i r liv r a dy h r , n s o R ote n b s d e of S e f St. Be e in C e n . So an daught r William a d — y, , umb rla d Fa mil tek es on s o n B e en ea l o ies o tbe Surr fS o e . rry, G g f ey W t utt Plac 2 len dar S ta te a ers He n . . Nos. 2 1 2 8 6 8 8 10 0 6 Ca of P p , ry VIII , i 3 , 4 4 , 7 , 5, ,

20 12o 8 1 o . 1 7 , , 7 7 3 ix 6 Mu s . O o . . B . rit , th , 4 , 1‘ be in h The s o of s e x e on e t e s o n s B e e . hi t ry thi p diti may r ad hi t ria r w r, i Fee d x 2 H 18 n . 10 e . . . 22 S o . Rapi , i 7 ; Rym r, iii 97 all , p 5 t w , p 6 8 8 Sl ate P a ers H en . . 2 1 6 . 4 ; p , ry VIII , i 97 , 5 5 S ee H . 20 . all, p 5 W 111 SI R RICHARD ESTON TH E ELDER 4 9

m W Nothing ca e of the expedition, but eston at any rate S did not disgrace himself or lose favour . hortly after wards the King makes him a loan of According Citron W to Hall ( . p . eston and other young and C S lusty esquires had leave to visit the ourt of pain, where h m they were handsomely received . T e King dubbed the Sir W all knights, and gave to eston and Browne an eagle ” 2 a m of Sicily on a chief to the augmentation of their r s . a W If this were Rich rd eston, he was too prudent to m avail hi self of this foreign knighthood and honour, for no trace of it ever appears in his house or his own history . W m Richard eston was ade knight by Henry VIII . in 1 1 t 5 4 , and thencefor h his fortunes grew apace . He is m ’ present at the arriage of Mary, the King s sister, to 6 XI I . 1 1 1 Louis of France, 4 th October In 5 he is appointed Knight of the Body ; he is made Keeper r W of Hanworth Pa k, of Le Mote Park in indsor Forest, S T m C C of the wans on the ha es , of the hase at ranbourne, S C m teward of the Lordship of aversha , and then of the

M t i . Lordship of arlowe, all of hese, w th salaries and dues

As Knight of the Body, he is in personal attendance on m ’ the King, and is associated with any of Henry s k nights m m W m and inisters, with who eston beca e connected Sir T n ir ir W . S . . S Sir C. Aru dell, J Russell, Pickering, W 4 S Sir . andys , Dennys .

1 Calen dar H en 1 , ry VIII . , i . 4 55. 2 This was n o d oubt the eagle di s playe d as born e by the Empe ror Fre d e rick

. Se e an e x e in e s n s e e Bo e E n l tsb He aldr No . II ampl W tmi t r Abb y ( ut ll, g r y , an d so as o n e in the s o f the e o C es The al b r arm Emp r r harl V. Ordin a o r m/1 A rmo s d o n 0 1 es the a s B rtal o t an . ry f i —( Papw r h M ra t, i 3 ) giv rm o f Or an d e n s own s sabl e F e e e o as e e s . r d rick II . , Emp r r, , agl i play d , wi g d ward , S o S n o en ealo ica l Hi stor fol 1 0 8 T es e e e the s a df rd, G g y , . 7 7 , p . 7 . h w r arm an e e in 6 e s e l C ffo S 1 2 8 to W on of Ru o n S . gr t d by gar t g y, u ty ta rd 3 1 Ca l en da r H en 1 8 I bid 2 , ry VIII . , . 54 3 . . iv . 7 3 5. E - 50 ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOU SE c a .

One cannot here follow the shifting European po licy

m C . of Henry and of his tortuous inister, the ardinal ma W But whatever it y be, the King ﬁnds in eston an - 2 n d 1 18 ever obsequious agent . On October 5 Henry “ signed his solemn and short-lived treaty of peace 1 be C ” tween the onfederated Kings of France and England, and amongst the witnesses stands the name of Richa rd e ton r Wy s (sic) . Others who sign the stately but wo th W T S . less roll are olsey, Dorset, urrey, Boleyn , Maurice Sir T W m itzwilliam the Berkeley, . More, illia F and on 4 th October 15 18 is signed by the same personages the treaty of marriage between the Princess Mary and the 2 D T - auphin of France . his was the vain and short lived T project of an alliance between Mary udor, afterwards our Queen Mary, and the eldest son of Francis I . He m was then a baby of six onths, and she was three and,

m . as we all know, she in the end arried Philip II of - W S . pain Had the ill starred project of olsey succeeded, and the royal children of France an d England lived to e m m m b co e husband and wife, a good any things ight ff have gone di erently . But, though the project resulted

in nothing so far as the history of England is concerned, it perhaps had no small effect on the house of Sutton for during his embassy in France Sir Richard Wes ton m m m ust have seen, envied, and deter ined to i itate the

Chateaux of the Loire . m 1 1 t 8 . In the autu n of 5 , ten h year of Henry V I I I , a solemn embassy was sent over to Francis to obtain The m m ratiﬁcation of this treaty . a bassadors na ed C m W are the Lord ha berlain, the Earl of orcester, the S m W o r Earl of urrey, the Lord Ad iral, est, the Bishop

1 l n da r n V xx 2 Ca e H e . 11. 6 Mus . it. . . B . . rit , , bk 9 , ry VIII , 4 4 9 2 H en V it xi 16 B e e . . 1 B Mu s . . . . . rit . , , chap 9 ; r w r, ry VIII , i 94

' 2 S AN - 5 ANNAL O F OLD MANOR HOU SE C H .

W m 2n d m C olsey fro Paris, February, infor s the ardinal ir W m S . that the Bishop, R eston, and Fitzwillia had left mm W re for England . I ediately on his return eston ce ive d the important advancement which he retained for

the rest of his life .

He was already Knight of the Bath . In a beautiful

MS . m blazoned in the British Museu (Claudius CIII . X I V mm . C . E ) is a list of the Knights o anders of the m m We Bath fro the ti e of Henry VII . there ﬁnd that, rd ir . S 3 January, anno nono, Henry V III “ Richard Weston was dubbed at Wyn de sor the same m ” m ti e . H is ar s are blazoned precisely as they are seen th e S - uarterl 1 in glass of the hall of utton to day Q y , and Ermin e 2 4 , , on a chief azure, ﬁve bezants ; and 3 , ’ Ar en t m sa ble Crest S g , three ca els, . , a aracen s head le sa b m S. the . M langued, Further in the sa e book are ’ “ m ir ir na es of S Richard s son and grandson . S Franeys We ston is knighted at the coronation of Anne Boleyn , 3 13 t May 153 3 ; and Sir Henry Weston is knighted 1 at the coronation of Queen Elizabeth , 5th January 1 The m Sir z 558 . ar s of Francis are bla oned as those Sir m of his father . Henry, in right of his other, Ann P ickerin La scelles M oresb a n d Pickering, quarters g, , y,

Fen wicb.

ff 1 1 A revolution in the palace was e ected in 5 9 , an ’ we Chron icle account of which read in Hall s , Henry 8 me n VII I . , 4 to, 59 . In that year young , Lord ’ C Kin s min ion s arew and other the g , were discharged at C the request of the ouncil, and four sad and ancient ’ m ” knights were put into the King s privy cha ber . T Sir Win ﬁe ld Sir e rn in hey were Richard g , Richard J g W ir W ham Sir m S . , illia Kingston, and Richard eston

m . All of the , we are told, were upwards of ﬁfty years old 111 SI R RICHARD WESTON THE ELDER 53

m Sir T m . In the British Museu is a letter fro Boleyn , m W 1 m a bassador in Paris, to olsey, requesting infor ation ff m m ’ as to the e ect of this appoint ent . Every an s 2 i The was t. tongue in Paris, he says, is full of King n o w - j ust twenty eight . He had been on the throne and m he had been arried exactly ten years . He was in the Sir heyday of his activity and splendour . Richard, like all the sad and ancient knights, was upwards of fifty . He did not owe the friendship of Henry to any s u bse rvi ’ W ency to the King s pleasures . eston retained this ffi C m o ce, that of Knight of the Privy ha ber, till his r death , and as Knight of the Body he had a sala y of 10 0 £ . All the four ancient knights served the King long and steadily there were several of them Captains of T Sir the Guard, Governors of the ower, and the like . W . Kingston was the jailor of Anne Boleyn and of young Francis Weston in 153 6 it was from a report of W W Kingston to olsey that Francis eston was arrested . Jerningham and Win gfie ld were both envoys of Henry 3 r in foreign cou ts . Sir W Richard eston , it is clear, was occupied with m m things ore solid than Court gaieties . He now see s 1 2 C D vn 1 18 Ca l en dar H en 2 6 alig . . . . , ry VIII . , iii . 4 . 3 I n s e e e is an s n ss e e itr n e o H C o . thi y ar th r amu i g pa ag r c rd d by all, p . 599, whe re S ir Richard West on figure s be fore Que e n Cath e rin e an d he r ladie s in an n on e n e was e n B ea ulieu o e Ne w u w t d part . A ba qu t giv at , a r yal palac at “ in ssex e the e s e s e s e n e e the e an d hall , E . Aft r f a t ight ma k r t r d chamb r n e the e s s an d o n e n ot the e s e the da c d with ladi adly, c mmu d with ladi aft r s on of s e s e e e se es s e e o e the e e n fa hi ma k r , but b hav d th m lv adly . Wh r f r Qu e o ff e so s an d e e e e the D e of S ffo the of pluck d th ir vi r , th r app ar d uk u lk, Earl sse x the s of Do s e o B u r ave n n S ir Win fi e l d E , Marqui r t, L rd g y, Richard g , Sir o e Win fi e ld S tr Ricbard PVeston S ir n s on of e se R b rt g , , W . Ki g t ; all th

e e so e e the o n e st man of the e st. The e s w r m what ag d , y u g fifty at l a ladi had ” oo s o to se e e se n e n e son s s e s The e e n was n o w g d p rt th a ci t p r ma k r . Qu - o the n e n -e an d the e s of e e s had n ot thirty f ur, Ki g tw ty ight , dark y ar th ir liv e n b gu . S - e n 54 ANNAL OF AN OLD MANOR HOU SE . to have turned his mind very seriously to duties that ro fit— s involved trust, care, and p the wardship of heirs of 1 1 tender years . In the very year 5 9 he has several such m W m K n e b grants, a ongst others that of illia Lytton , of m worth, Herts, with custody of the profits of the anor of m Knebworth and a reversion of part of the anor . He n has a gra t of the wardship of Ann, daughter and heiress Sir C 11th of hristopher Pickering, deceased, July m Now the prudent knight eventually arried this girl, mm C m heiress of i ense possessions in u berland, to his 1 0 m only son, Francis, in 53 , and they beca e the W S The ancestors of the estons of utton Place . knight

nursed the young lady and her estates for eleven years , and the husband he found her was only about nineteen at m the wedding, and ust have been cutting his teeth when m Sir the knight secured the wardship . In the sa e year m Sir T m Richard is entioned as associated with ho as Lovell, ’ W 10 0 the Master of the King s ards , with a salary of £ a 1 year . He had also a salary of £ 0 0 a year as Knight of

the Body, and he gets a grant of £79 for a new lodge in W 1 Sir indsor Forest . And in the following year ( 520 ) W ir Richard eston and S E . Belknap are appointed to be

surveyors, governors, k eepers, and sellers of wards and

their possessions during pleasure, at a salary of But Sir Richard Weston is not content with wardships

and the care of infants and their possessions . He passes fﬁ m m . fro soldier, diplo atist, o cial, to the place of j udge “ 1 1 m W In 5 9 the following councillors, y Lord of est ’ ’

m St. m St. inster, the Dean of Paul s, y Lord of John s , Sir W Richard eston , and four others, are appointed to ’ Ste rre d C m hear the causes depending in the ha bre, W W m and will sit in the hite Hall in est inster, where 2 1 l bi ol l n r d v . 1 12 1 1 Ca e da H e n . . 0 . . . 0 . , ry VIII , iii 4 5 iii , 111 SIR RICHARD WESTON THE ELDER 55

” 1 the said suitors shall resort . In the following year m took place the eeting of Henry and Francis, known as W Sir . the Field of the Cloth of Gold . R eston is one m a Sir of the knights selected for Ha pshire, long with 2 W S Sir W itzwilliam Sir W . andys, . F , and . Dennys . Doubtless we have the portrait of the knight himself in one of the pictures of the scene now in Hampton Court but there is no means of identifying him ; his banner m he is not visible, and beyond his na e as one of t knights ’ 3 in the King s retinue we have no record of his part . The alliance with Francis, as history relates, was short ff W indeed . In spite of the e orts of olsey, Henry in his - fl m m self will ung hi self into the ar s of his young nephew, m C V . the astute harles , and within a few onths he signed W him . with a treaty of alliance eston , as before, was a one of the witnesses (Brit . Mus . , G lba, bk . vi .

1 Calen dar H e n vol . . 1. T s is of o se the o s S , ry VIII iii 57 hi , c ur , fam u tar

C e n s esse d in 16 1 the on P en . hamb r, fi ally uppr 4 by L g arliam t 2 Ibid 0 . iii . 7 3 . 3 I n the Co lle ge of Arms is an e xe mpl ifi cation of the stan dard of S ir es on s on e Or an d Ve t on e A r en t n d Richard W t , thu blaz d r . A . a wr ath g a ’ ’ Sa ble S e n s e o an te n d o n the n e Or o e , a arac h ad f , with a ba r u d ck, , c up d at the n e o e e e o the e e s A r en t an d A zure o o on ck pr p r, wr ath d ab ut t mpl g . M tt ” e s e of the two n s A n i boro The s are the s e as e o e ach id ba d , . arm am b f r es e Ex cer ta Historica A s to s o o on an d e n d crib d ( p , p . thi m tt , a l g appar tly n e e e has e on s the e s as to the o n of s o o u d cid d battl rag d am g t h rald rigi thi m tt , its o e o an d e e e on s to the of Weston or to the O e c rr ct f rm , wh th r it b l g family rd r o see the Herald an d en eal o ist 0 6 18 2 f St. n . . . . o J h ; G g , v 53 ; vi 3 9 viii It ” is s is e e o the S A n i buro/z e n n o aid that it d riv d fr m yriac , m a i g I g , I am ” ” s e e The s o is S ir H de e s on n e p d , I am kill d . t ry that ugh W t , havi g kill d S e n e in n -to- n on fl an d en os e s n oo a arac mir ha d ha d c ict tak a M l m ta dard , t k i e s an d o o he e d an d s of the e O e o e s as h s cr t m tt t h a la t cry mir . th r auth riti e o n San e B aro as o o of the o s of St o n an d e e hav f u d a m tt pri r . J h , d clar that Ce n is in the Co e e of th e m ott o is n ot a family motto at all . rtai it that ll g s s o o is e to Sir e s on in the s x e en an d so to Arm thi m tt attribut d R . W t i t th , al e e - e s on in the e ee n e n . W hb W t ight th c tury . J 1 l r Fre d x 1 Ca en da H e n e . . . , ry VIII . , iii . 7 3 9 ; R ym r, iii 7 4 6 S - S e n 5 ANNAL OF AN OLD MANOR HOU E .

m m In July followed the eeting of Henry and the E peror, itzwilliam and again , with Boleyn , Berkeley, F , and others, Sir W Richard eston attends the King . In the dark tragedy carried out by the insatiable ambition of Wolsey and the remorseless jealousy of his m — m S ff aster the j udicial urder of ta ord, Duke of —i W m S r . B uck ingha , Richard eston has a part In April 15 2 1 there is a highly signiﬁcant passage in a W 1 m . letter fro Pace to olsey Pace, who was then at m Greenwich with the King, and was his secretary, infor s W 16 th olsey, who was then in London, under date ( “ Sir W si n iﬁe th April), that Richard eston g unto your Grace that the King doth well approve such things as mm him m ” W you co uned with this orning . hat were 2 these things ? The letter refers just above to the ’ - m n examination of the Duke s serving e . It is not m m precisely so stated, but one re e bers that the trial of 8 th - the Duke began on May, just twenty two days after this letter . W olsey stood at the head of the French party, Th m S . e Buckingha of the panish Duke, the son of ’ I I s m 1 r I . 8 Richa d B uckingha , beheaded in 4 3 , was at m the head of the English aristocracy, and clai ed descent both from John of Gaunt and also from T m W ho as of oodstock, sons both of Edward III . ’ The Wolse s Duke had openly sworn to have y head, o W if b th survived the King, and olsey had sworn (less m Openly) to have the head of Buckingha . As Shake H en r I I I m . V I . speare akes the Duke say ( y , Act , Scene 1)

1 l r e n v ol 12 see . . 6 an d Ca en da H . . . s , ry VIII , . iii 3 3 ; Vit , bk iv 9 , Elli , d s 86 . Letters etc. 2 n se e . 2 , , ri , i 2 B e e . . r w r, i . chap iii 111 SI R RICHARD WESTON THE ELDER 57

’ The n e t has fal l n up on me l I shall p e ri sh n e U de r d e vi ce and p ractic . It will h e lp me n othi n g ” e To p l e ad mi n e i n n oce nc .

W 16 th r olsey triumphed . On Ap il the Duke was arrested — the very day of Weston ’ s message to the m 1 8 th . Cardinal . On May the indict ent was found The ju ry who found the indictment were the Lord r m Mayor (Sir John B ugge) and fourteen others . A ongst m itzwilliam W m S the are Boleyn , F , illia helley, Marney, i W t 2 W Sir . S r Richa rd es on . Lovell, J More, and eston is thus one of Henry ’ s creatures in the judicial assassination of the next most eminent representative of the royal s r hou e ; and the Duke died the death of a traito , as his 1 8 r father had done in 4 3 , as his g andfather had done 1 - t 1 60 in 4 55, as his great grandfa her had done in 4 , as ’ - 1 6 1 1 m his great uncles in 4 4 and 4 7 , and his other s

- great grandfather in 14 55 . The 1 th M a 1 2 1 unlucky Duke was executed on 7 y 5 , and it is most signiﬁcant that the grant of the man or of S on tha t w r da Sir W utton was sealed y y to Richard eston , m 3 one of the jury on the indict ent of the Duke . On that day was made the grant in fee si mple to Sir Richard W C . eston , Knight of the Body, Knight ouncillor, etc , of

1 l o t ers Ca en da Sta e a . 12 8 . 0 Re . . . 2 0 S ta te r f P p , iii 4 , R . p , iii , A pp II . 3 l 2 Tr ia s 1. 8 . , 7 2 e on e o f e se e e ose sso e e s on o e Ev ry th w r cl ly a ciat d with W t thr ugh lif . ’ F z Cowdra C s e an d o e s son Lose l e H o e it william built y a tl , M r built y all . L v ll ’ was S ir Richard s colle ague in cu st o dy of the ward s ; William S h e lle y was an n es o o f CO l e who e the s x o n e of S on in 16 0 a c t r Mary p y, marri d i th w r utt 3 , ’ an d B o le yn s son an d daught e r were e xe cut e d toge th e r with S ir R ichard ’ e s on s on in 1 6 W t s 53 . 3 S e e a te a ers n 1 2 1 e o O e S B St H e . . . . P p , ry VIII , iii 3 4 , 7 , R c rd fﬁc , pat . , 2 18 p . , m . . 8 - on 5 ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOU SE .

m S S the anor of utton, in urrey, found by inquisition at S m C outha pton to have been held by Margaret, ountess m of Rich ond, on whose death it descended to the King .

For a full account of this grant see note above, chap . ii . Was this grant the price of blood Who now can say

If it were, the sins of the father were visited unto the third and fourth generation . Exactly sixteen years later, 1 1 W on 7th May 53 7, young eston was beheaded on the m m sa e charge and on the sa e spot .

Honours continue to pour in upon Sir Richard . In 1 2 2 m - the next year, 5 , he is ade one of the cup bearers to m the King along with Brian , Jerningha , Lord Herbert, S ff and Lord Roos . In the year following he is heri for m Berkshire . In the sa e year the bubble of the French W alliance broke down and, in spite of olsey, the King m Sir received the E peror with great state . Richard W z m eston , along with Boleyn , Fit willia , Kingston , ’

St. Marney, and the Prior of John s, is ordered to attend C 2 th 1 22 1 0 1 the King at anterbury, 7 May 5 ; and in one W the attendances on the King, eston received a grant of ’ On New Year s Day 15 22 he receives twelve ” 3 pairs of shoes . In 152 3 followed the foolish and useless war with Sir W France, and here Richard eston raised a contingent 4 S ff The and served under the Duke of u olk . force me n consisted of or , and a further foreign

0 0 0 me n . m contingent of 7 It was the largest ar y, as W olsey said, that had ever left these shores for a hundred 5 m years . It proved a iserable failure, owing to the incapacity of Brandon and the petty jealousies of the

1 2 S e e State P a ers Hen . . Ibid. . 2 8 . p , ry VIII , iii iii 4 3 3 I bid 2 8 Ibid. 28 8 . . iii . 5 5. 3 11 11 H 6 6 2 B e e 0 . 1 . . r w r, i . 5 4 ; all, p

6 0 S N - SE e n ANNAL OF AN OLD MA OR HOU . W T C Sir . own and Marches of alais, surrendered by 1 Sir W 1 2 m S . . S andys andys, who in 5 3 was ade a peer W 2 C m by olsey, was subsequently o ptroller of the House ir W S V n e hold . It was this S . andys who built the y in m 1 Ha pshire about 50 9 . He was a valiant soldier and a ir C m S . staunch atholic, the exact conte porary of R W 1 0 him eston , dying in 54 , two years before , and was closely associated with the knight during his whole

m H tor o t n e . C is he V C career o pare the y f y , by haloner W V n e 1 8 8 The m C 8 . . hute, late owner of the y , ar s, S S badges, and devices of andys do not appear at utton , ’ m C ma but any of the devices given in Mr . hute s work y S r V n e be seen at utton , and the invento y taken at the y , 1 1 m S 1 2 54 , should be co pared with that of utton , 54 , Losele preserved at y . T 1 2 a his year, 5 5 , was that of the b ttle of Pavia, in

which Francis I . was taken prisoner, the year in which

Sir Thomas Boleyn was created Viscount Rochford . m Henry ade peace with France soon after, and entered r into an alliance against the Empe or in the year following . Sir Richard appears to have resided much in Calais in

discharge of his duties . On various local grounds it seems more probable that the house was at least partially

built in the years between the grant of the estate, in May 1 2 1 m 5 , and the appoint ent of the knight to his treasurer T m h C 1 2 . im ship in alais, 5 5 here is frequent ention of 3 a in the Chron icles of Ca l is. Nor was Sir Richard content with obtaining ofﬁ ce for h r 1 2 6 m . T e hi self very next yea , 5 , we have an entry

1 V The s e s to e e e n 1 0 e r n n Ca len dar I . 8 . 5 alary app ar hav b £ 4 p a um . 2 l r Ca en da 2 98 2 . 2 ’ C en S o e s on s Chron . o Cala is to 1 0 e e amd ci ty publicati , f 54 , dit d by 6 . Go N o s 18 . J ugh ich l , 4 111 SI R RICHARD WESTON TH E ELDER 6 1

“ W ’ 1 m that young es ton is to be the King s page . Fro that day the spoiled lad lived mainly at Court till his T worthless young life was cut short on ower Hill . An him account of is reserved for the next chapter . And 1 2 Sir again, in 5 7, we have Richard interceding with “ W m ir W W S . olsey to pro ote his brother, eston, the T rk l e r f t u o o S . p y of the Order, to the o ﬁce of Prior of ’ The 1 th . 2 1 2 John s in England letter is dated April 5 7, ma th and is written from Calais . It y be seen in e Record 2 Ofﬁ ce . As the letter is one of the two which have been traced Sir in the handwriting and with the signature of Richard, m it is here set forth verbati .

' Pl e as e th yo good grac e to b e adve rty ze d That wh e r e as ’ I am cre de bly e n fourme d that my l o rde o f S ain ct J ohn s is v e ar so e c an d l e th the me c o f Go d—I n c as Go d y r si k , y at r y ' do b m ou t of tran s tor l ff b e se che o ce as call y this y y y , I y gra my singular good an d graci ou s l o rde an d r e fuge in all my p cticion s an d affair e s (thr ough wh os e goodn e s an d me dy acion ’ a a e is o e e an d orn T ma e a e o all th t I h v p r c d d c ) , hat it y pl s y grace the r ath e r at the con te mpl acion of thi s my poo r e i n stan c e an d su p plycacion to b e b e n i n g and gr ac i ou s l o rd e “ m o e S r W We on T u rke ol e r in th n o . e u t y br th r ill st , p y , re fe rre me n t an d romocio n o f him n o the fo re saide o e p , p u t l rd ’ ’ of S ain ct J ohn s r ome R e duc i n g u n to your grac e s r e me m b e rau n ce the con s de racion au n c e n cu stu me an d y , that by y goo d con grue nce The Tu rkep olye r hath e v e rmor e b en e won t f ain ct n his ome W e e to succe de the maste r o S J oh s in r . h r fo r ! e ftson e s I humbly b e se che y o grac e to b e good an d grac i ous e An d r l o rde u n to my s aid broth e r in the pr e miss s . I tru st y o ' gr ace sh all allways fy n de him in arre dyn e s to do yo grace as acce ptabl e se rvy ce to his p owe r as e ve r any oth e r in that rome

2 1 V Ibid No Calen dar I . 8 6 1. . . 0 . p 3 3 5. - c u 6 2 ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOU SE .

' a on e l ff an d m n o ce s a h th d . And during his y y y gra h ll ' ’ b n de u s om m c to mo e to c on t n u e o a e s y fr u h r , y y gr c s e e an d e e me n the o n e of C al e s the da rvaunt s b d , At t u y xii y o f Apr e l . ’ t Yo most humbl e se rv W RY CHARD ESTON .

’ s —T Endor e d o my Lorde L egate s grac e .

W m Sir h hether owing to the i portunity of Ric ard, W the inﬂuence of olsey, or rather, let us trust, his own m Sir W m W 2 th fa e and character, illia eston was on 7 June 152 7 appointed by the Grand Master Lord Prior of T him England . his put at the head of the titular Roll m him m m U of the Barons, ade a e ber of the pper House, and gave him rank as one of the great ofﬁcers of State . i The letter of S r Richard calls for little comment . It “ ” shows him as the almost menial bedeman of Wolsey . B ut such language was the ordinary form of all solicita The m tions in that age . rhythm of the words al ost recalls the collects of Cranmer in the phrase “ through whose goo dn e s and medyacion all that I have is proceded com The m m and spelling is uch superior to the ti e, m and the language is that of a practised pen an . It is probable that the letter is in the handwriting of the

m . knight, but hardly that it is his own co position It is a somewhat fulsome letter to be addressed to the Cardinal ’ 1 2 in 5 7 by one of Brandon s captains, and by one who in 153 0 - 3 6 was in high favour with the Boleyns and

Cromwell . Such was the way of the times 1 2 m In this year, 5 7, and in the very onth in which this letter was written ( April), the Records reveal that Henry ﬁrst stirred with his advisers the possibility of m C ﬁ re obtaining a divorce fro atherine . In the great W H 6 111 SI R RICHARD ESTON T E ELDER 3

S place of the hall at utton, and in that of the panelled m t - parlour, is still to be seen , in conte porary te ra cotta m the C castings, the po egranate, special badge of atherine 1 W ’ C m of Aragon . ould a Knight of the King s ha ber, W an obsequious follower of olsey, put up in his ﬁreside the personal badge of the ( b een at any date later than April 15 27 ? In the July following Wolsey went to C m France, passing by alais, and he ust have there seen

the Treas urer . In the following year we have a second letter of Sir “ Richard to Wolsey written at the K in ge s towne of ” The Calays the X X X th day of October 15 2 8 . letter fﬁ Ca len da r is in the Record O ce . It is entered in the ,

8 . . 8 vol . iv . , No 4 7 It is a business letter of no great m i portance, and is without any special character or

interest . It begins thus Pl e as e th your grac e to be adv e rtyze d that I hav e re cey v e d the n e s o f m o e C m e a n e the e e s c by ba d y L rd ha b rl y , l ttr whi h a e se o e to e o me e e o it h th pl a d y ur grac s nd unt , wh r by y ur grace woll e th me to mak e u n dyl aid p ayme n t u n to the said ” o e am e a Ca n G u sn e s L rd Ch b rl in ptai of y . I t ends thus

’ Wh e r e fo r e I b e se che y o gr ace that I may b e adv e rtyze d ’ f o e s e he e e An d I e n o y pl a ur in t p r mi ss s . shall deavour myse lf to accomp lisshe the same to the b e st o f my p owe r ; humbly be se chin g your grace to be goo d and graci o us l o rd e n o the Kin e s oo se e s e in s o e who su ffre u t g p r rvaunt her thi t un , ” e n ece ss te for e of o f e a e s gr at y lack payment th i r w g . The whole letter is an urgent appeal to Wolsey to permit the ﬁrst payments made into the Treasury of 1 T s e was l so ce d in his o se o S n s an d is s to hi badg a pla h u by L rd a dy , till —His o t V n e be se en t em t. he C . C e . 1 h f y , hut , p 3 5. 64 ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR-HOUSE — Calais the Company of the Staple being in arrear of — “ their dues to be paid to the Kin ge s poor servauntes in ” W Cala s Sir m . y , of course including Richard eston hi self He insists that his own salary was payable from the day

of his patent . The Lord Chamberlain mentioned above is Lord S m W C andys, who eston succeeded at alais . It will be

noted that the spelling, writing, and phraseology of these m T two letters agree in the ain . hey are certainly signed W The and probably written by eston . handwriting of m m Weston both letters is the sa e, and the na e in the ﬁrst m letter see s to coincide with the signature . T e h . signature, strangely enough, varies in spelling 1 W The The letter of 5 27 is signed Rychard eston . 1 2 8 We ston letter of 5 is signed Rychard y , as was the T 1 T n 18 . he o e reaty of 5 knight, like every in that

m m . age, had no settled ode of spelling his own na e In 1 R cha rd ston 53 2 he again wrote y M . The two letters above are the only pieces of Sir ’ Richard s own correspondence of any interest now in m r m the Public Records, though his na e occu s in any T hundreds of papers . here is nothing singular in this . Letters of any i mportance were in those days instantly m destroyed, and private correspondence, as Fried ann tells ff us (Preface hardly ever alluded to public a airs . The better to understand the man we have to deal m m m m with, we ust take so e note of the o entous change

hich now began in the history of England . — H E P A RT I I . A FTE R T R E FO R M A TI O N

I T was in July 152 8 that Wolsey ﬁrst received his great rebuff from Anne Boleyn and his ﬁrst formal reprimand 1 2 was from the King . In July 5 9 he practically super

se de d . , and his fall began In October following he was was man deprived of the seals and a ruined . In Nov m 1 0 e ber 53 he was arrested, and he died a few weeks 1 T m C m . later . ho as ro well took his place In this very year Cromwell became the King’ s secretary and chief m adviser . He actively allies hi self with Anne and her pa rty ; he suggests an attack on the Churchmen as 1 1 C a means of securing the divorce . In 53 atherine 1 is expelled from the palace ; in 53 3 Henry VIII . is m arried to Anne Boleyn, and the train of events is pre pared which brought about the Reformation ? T s m Sir W hrough all the e stirring ti es Richard eston , man as a practical , k ept on undisturbed the even tenor of

1 2 n n S ee F e n n . . . F e . s . . V . . ri dma , i chap iii ri dma , i chap iv , , vi 6 - e n 6 ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOU SE . W his way and before the fall of olsey, through whose goodn e s and me dyacion all that he has proceded and ” ’ m Sir Wo lse s ca e, Richard is high in favour with y ’ Wo lse s m successor and y ene y, Anne Boleyn , in whose m goodness he appears to have found another ediator, we can suppose “ his singular good and gracious lady and ff refuge in all his petitions and a airs . No doubt the stout old knight (he was now upwards of sixty- ﬁ ve) said to Wolsey in the words of Cromwell (Shakespeare ’s

H en r I I I . 2 V . S y , Act I II , cene )

O m o y l rd,

s e n e e ou ? m s n e e o o Mu t I , th , l av y u t I ds f rg , S o oo so o e an d so a mas e ? g d , n bl true t r e n e ss e n ot e s o f on B ar wit , all that hav h art ir , W o ow C o m e s ith what a s rr r w ll l e av e his l ord . The ki n g shall h ave my se r v i ce but my praye r s ” For e e an d for e s be o s v r ev r hall y ur .

’ The an d King certainly had the old knight s service, 1e e n The so did the Q , and three queens after her . Treasurer of Calais parted from Cromwell as easily as he W m . had parted fro olsey And the knight had his reward, Th m the m and also his retribution . at is to co e in ean m Sir ti e Richard and his house thrive exceedingly . T hree years after his appointment as Treasurer of Calais Sir Richard was made Under-Treasurer of England — m 1 2 8 me mor 20 . . 2 Michael as 5 ( Henry VIII , Rot 4 , T s u b S ub The sa u ra rius . anda in the Rolls, voc . ) his o ﬂice , though not of great authority or value, was one that could only be then held by a trusty and devoted

servant of the King, who was ready to execute any order a m whatever with silent precision . G rdiner had be en ade ’ C S 1 2 hief ecretary to the King in July 5 9, and Anne s

6 8 S - u ANNAL OF AN OLD MANOR HOU SE c .

The in specie or by draft . wedding was hardly over “ when young Wes ton continues the same gambling

m him 0 5 . ga es with his sovereign , beats at tennis at 4 a game ( that is and wins at a sitting at dyce £4 6

i e 0 . ( . . £55 l ) Sir a m Rich rd, however, as beca e his years, steadily m a m kept his eye on the ain ch nce . In the very onth so n m 1 0 in which his is arried, May 53 , he received a m m 10 0 0 new grant of lands, a license to i park ore than C acres of land and heath at Merrow and landon, the C 1 present landon estates of the Onslows , and in 53 3 he o f C W obtained a renewal his patent as aptain, arder, and for Governor of Guernsey, which he had now held ’ - twenty four years, since the King s accession, and it is ir regranted to S Richard and his son in survivorship . The ofﬁ ce was thus made hereditary in the third genera 1 S ta te P a ers C . . 6 tion ( p , alendar VI , p 59 , No . This last grant was in the full tide of the ascendency he of Anne Boleyn . S was crowned I St Jun e 153 3 . W m Francis eston, now beco e, in right of his wife, an - m illustrious and broad acred squire, was ade Knight of m the Bath at the coronation , and soon beca e one of the ’ m m Queen s personal courtiers and gentle an of her cha ber . The coronation of A nne was received somewhat coldly m by the ass of the English nation, and by all but the W party of the Court . But the two estons were foremost W in testifying their devotion . ithin two months of the m S coronation Henry ade a state visit to utton Place . In two letters preserved at the Record O fﬁ ce we th 1 hear of this visit . On the 4 of August 53 3 Lord

1 T e e is in the e o d Ofﬁ e e e of Sir . e s on to C o e h r R c r c a l tt r R W t r mw ll , ’ i st Se e e 1 2 e n to the se e of so e Guern se men s oo s pt mb r 53 , r lati g izur m y g d ,

to the e of 1 0 0 Cal en dar V . No. valu £ 5 ( , 111 SI R RICHARD WESTON THE ELDER 69

“ S V n C andys, writing at the y to Lord Lisle at alais says :

“ Con ce rn n n ewis e b e n on wourthe the w n y g h re riti g, saving th at G od b e than ckid the Kin ge s highn e s is in p rossp e rou s astate at thi s p r e se n t tyme at Sir Richard We s on Calen dar VI No t s ( . , .

6 th And on the of August we have a letter, written and f m S Sir dated ro utton by John Russell to Lord Lisle, in which we read

n e e e s n o than k d b e God My Lord, w s h re y ne but that y , the kyn ge s Highn e s y s mery an d in good he l th an d I n e ve r saw n d he e s hym me ry e r of a gr e at whil e then he is n ow. A t b t s e An d p a tyme in hu n tyn g the re dd dere that I hav sene . for ch e re what at my l o rd Marques o f Exe tou rs Mr Tr ea ’ o e s an d We o s e e saw mo e d licate s n or s ur r at Mr st n , I n v r r y e e e in m l ff The n was m n d d o to b tter ch r y y . ky g y y to g e m an d om n to Est H am ste de an d so to F rnha , fr the s p W n dso u r An d n ow comm th n ot e se o f y . he y th r by cau the S e An d he was a n e to e mo om G u ldford w att . f y r ve fr y ’ to S on We on howsse se of the e utt , M r st s , by cau sw att l ke wise An d n ow e se a comm th o m y . within th viii d ys he y fr e n e to W n dsou r an d on e e the e n e re mov th h c y , s aft r Q i y om e n s to G re n e wich whe r H e r c takith he r fr th , Gra e C m ” 1 ha bre .

S the Lord andys, writer of the ﬁrst of these letters, ’ Sir m was Richard s old colleague, who he had succeeded T S C m as reasurer at Calais . andys was now Lord ha ber o f mm lain the Household, and one of the co issioners and

m . j udges by who Anne was done to death His place, ? V n e m S the y , in Ha pshire, is within a ride of utton

1 Ca len d r V No 8 a I . . . , 94 2 Hi stor o the V n e C on e C e 18 8 8 . y f y , by hal r hut , 0 - 11 7 ANNAL S OF AN OLD MANOR HOU SE 0 .

’ m W n ie He was presu ably a connection of eston s wife,

Anne Sandys . t0 who m Lord Lisle, 0 both letters are addressed, was ir C . S Deputy of alais He was Arthur Plantagenet, one of the ofﬁ cial group called to the Upper House by W ir W m a 1 S S 2 . olsey, along with illia ndys , in 5 3 Sir John Russell was afterwards Lord Russell, founder m of the ducal house, and a tried envoy and inister of

Henry . The T Sir W m itzwilliam firm reasurer was illia F , a W ’ friend and neighbour of eston s, afterwards known as r S m the Ea l of outha pton , who had recently received the 1 m r . r adjacent anor of Pi bright, etc He and Lo d Russell W ’ T were two of eston s executors . hus all the persons mentioned in these letters were closely associated and ’ m on fidan belong to the inner ost circle of Henry s c ts . The o r e Sir news , no n ws, which John Russell conveys C to the Deputy of alais was not a little disingenuous . T here was indeed great news at that crisis , and no one Sir e knew it better than John . A few weeks befor , the Pope and cardinals in open consistory had annulled the m 2 8 th pretended arriage with Anne, and on the of July th e Lord Rochford, her brother, reached the King with The C m news . ourt had left London and gone to Ha pton r The i e e n Cou t . King was restless and anxious the Q m was expecting her confine ent, and she and the King were frantically hoping for a son . Elizabeth was born G th S m at reenwich, 7 epte ber, whither the King and W Queen had returned on 28 th August . hen the King

1 Sir F z n of the n o of P 1 th William it william had a gra t ma r irbright , 9 De e e 1 20 e e o e the r n of S on to e s on an d S ir c r 5 , a f r g a u , mb littl b t — tt W t e se e o f 1 th O o e 1 2 . n n n an d B S ur r William di d iz d it , 4 ct b r 54 Ma i g ray, ey,

1 8 H e was e e of S o on O o e 1 . i . 4 . cr at d Earl uthampt , ct b r 53 7 111 SI R RICHARD WESTON THE ELDER 7 1

S m was at utton, three weeks previously, things were al ost him desperate with , and he was trying to conceal his m “ m anxiety fro the expectant mother . His pasti es in ” hu n tyn g the redd deer were often at this time expedients to meet his council secretly ; and it is not i mprobable that the old roof of Sutton Hall has covered many a gloomy council board and caught the murmur ’ of whispered plans in one of the great crises of Henry s — - rm T he reign the real turning point in the Refo ation . following year Fisher and More were committed to the T ower, and the convocation of York declared that the m Pope had no power in England . It is ost doubtful that m Anne, within one onth of her expected delivery, on m S . which so uch turned, was then at utton with the King She was carefully nursed, whilst he travelled about, angry,

restless, and violent . 1 a C m In 53 4, the ye r following, ro well sends to Weston a patent that had been granted to him ( Ca l en da r

I I . V . No A little later we ﬁnd him still Steward of Coke ham m m m and Bray . And in the sa e year are two e oranda in the voluminous and curious document known as Crom ’ 1 emembra n cer m m well s R . In that year Cro well was ade

Master of the Rolls, and Henry was declared, by Act of m m C . Parlia ent, head of the hurch It ust have been a mm terrible dile a to the old knight, the brother of the ’ m m St . C Lord Prior of . John s Did ro well ean by these lists to remind Weston that he owed all to the King ? Sir If hint were given at all, Richard acted on it, for

“ 1 V N 2 n e of the n es of the Ca len da r I I . o. . v . e 9 3 , i It m , a pap r am “ o es of Sir e s on e 3 e of o e s an d ee s n e fﬁc Richard W t . It m , pap r fﬁc f gra t d ’ ” th e n s H n e s n o Sir es on n e e ed se by Ki g yg u t Richard W t , k ight . R p at arch has ed to s o e t ese s s fail di c v r h li t . - S e n 7 2 ANNAL S OF AN OLD MANOR HOU E . he never swerved from his duty to his sovereign nor lost The m m the favour of those in power . tre endous dra a

unfolds itself with rapid revolutions year by year . In 1 6 153 5 Fisher and More are executed . In 53 Catherine S m died and Henry fell in love with Jane ey our . In April, ’ C m m destru c with ro well s assistance, he deter ines on the i Wm C m m S S r . tion of Anne . ro well hi self, Lord andys, itzwilliam m mm F , and others are a ongst the co issioners w 2 n d . T o and j udges . On May Anne is arrested days W 1 later Francis eston is arrested . On the 7th of May T o w . he is executed . days later the Queen is executed m S m On the third day after Henry arries Jane ey our, m m the other of our ost Protestant sovereign , Edward VI . ,

Defender of the Faith , and founder of the Established

Church of England . Sir Richard held on to his King, whose passion and o ff T lust had just cut his only son . here is abundant m evidence that the execution was regarded by hi self, by m the King, and by others as a elancholy incident which in no way affected his public position any more than if T his heir had died by any ordinary accident . here is ex m r m tant, in a frag entary state, a letter f o a trusty agent ’ C m C m Sir of ro well and ran er, an old friend of Richard s , “ who say s : I lament extremely the evil sort of young W m es[ton , because of the] a ity which I had with his ’ man r father a of great favou with the King s Majesty, a prudent and most gentle Knight ” ( Edmund Harvell 6 T m S 1 1 . M. . to ho as tarkey, 5th June 53 ; B , Vit , bk . X T 22 8 Ca len dar ] . . xiv . ; No his is the only contemporary character of Sir Richard Weston that we m have . Every one, and especially the King and his inisters , “ m ” were friendly to the prudent and ost gentle knight . r ir W W In September of this yea S . eston writes two 111 SI R RICHARD WESTON THE ELDER 7 3

m S C m m him letters fro utton to ro well, re onstrating with ’

m St. in atters relating to the Priory of John s . In October we have a list of the noblemen and gentlemen ’ S to attend the King s own person . For urrey there are Sir W 1 0 me n ~at~arms Richard eston , with 5 , and he and ’ m St. his brother, the Lord of John s, are na ed to attend ’ 1 the Queen s Grace . Queen Anne brought the son to T m ower Hill Queen Jane ust be served by the father .

In June of the next year the governorship of Guernsey, etc . , had to be filled up, as a vacancy had been caused by Sir W 1 the death of F . eston, who had held it since 53 3 . “ 2 6 th 1 ffi Accordingly, by patent June 53 7, the o ce of C Gu e rn e se aptain, Keeper, and Governor of y and the Sir K C . C . G . island of ornet is granted to N arewe, , in m ir W S . reversion fro R eston , now holding it, in lieu of ” 2 Sir W F . eston , attainted and executed . About this m m 11 ti e Cromwell see s to have resided at Sutton . On th ’ ir S . w July J Russell, riting apparently by the King s order m C m C m fro Guildford to ro well, says , as he, ro well, has a servant ill of the plague, the King suggests that not to frighten the Queen , then with child (Edward C m m W ’ ’ ro well ight lie at Mr . eston s, Mr. Browne s , ’ ’ the Lord Marquis s, or other good fellows houses and 3 m Cr m eet the King by day . o well evidently chose We him Sutton and went there . hear of there on 17th th 4 July and on 2 6 August . At the splendid pageant of the christening of the young m 1 1 Prince, who beca e Edward VI . , 5th October 53 7, a Sir scene preserved to us by Holbein , we find Richard W 5 eston present as usual . And when a few weeks later

1 2 Ca l n r l r X II 11 1 e da X No Ca en da . . . 1 I . . 57 9 . pt 9 3 4 b bid Nos 6 8 I zd No 2 2 I . . . 2 . . pt . ii . . 4 . pt . ii 7 , 5 3 5 No . 11 Ibid 11. . pt . 9 OF N - S C11 74 ANNALS A OLD MANOR HOU E .

S m 12 th m Queen Jane ey our is buried ( Nove ber), we have him m 1 m there at the po pous funeral . Births, arriages , m and deaths co e all alike to the veteran courtier . m 1 The ix Jane Sey our died in October 53 7 . S Acts were passed in 153 9 ; in 153 6 the Lesser Monasteries

were suppressed in 153 9 the Greater Monasteries . In 1 0 m C bad 54 Henry arried Anne of leves, repudiated her, m C m C . ro well executed, and arried atherine Howard T he year 154 0 was one of i mportance for Sir Richard W eston . He was of great age, and had served the King m h m ore t an thirty years . At the arriage of Anne of C a 1 0 Sir leves, in Janu ry 54 , Richard, who had ﬁgured r m in the pageants of th ee queens already, was sent to eet h r the fourth queen on e landing in England . He is there W - - T Sir in Sir . with alter Dennys , his own son law, and ’

w m r Sir . Arundell, hose daughter a ried Richard s grandson T he m C m odious arriage enraged Henry against ro well , its adviser and in July the great contriver of the e m T m C r m R for ation , ho as o well, now Earl of Essex, ’ r lost his King s favou and his own head . But the fall of Cromwell no more shook the credit of Sir W Richard than did that of olsey . In the very year of it the old knight is appointed Master of the New Court fW 2 o ards ffi 2 . . It was a new o ce created by 3 Henry VIII , 1 l n 10 6 Ca e dar X I No . 0 . I . pt . ii . 2 ’ en de d to e s e o s o o 16 S ir es Le e s A pp L y R p rt , f li 59 , by Jam y, aft rward “ o s Trea tise con cern in War ds a n d Li'veries he f o o i . T Earl Marlb r ugh , a g ” s e of the s un s the en t s s ose of ou r s o s Ma t r Ward , r pat , hall di p all ward , idi t , ” T e e n s an d e n s e n e en s an d e e d e n s . s lu atic , th ir la d , t m t , h r itam t h r had alway bee n an o ffi ce r to d e al with the e stat e s of te n an ts in capite dyin g with he irs ofthe s Sir e s on had e d s o e u n d e r age as Maste r Ward . Richard W t h l thi ffic s n e 1 1 B ut e en e s was o n d n e ess to e e Co i c 5 9 . aft r tw ty y ar it f u c ary cr at a urt o f s in n e s e e e on so te the e i e o Ward , which , u d r tatut , w r c lida d qu tabl auth rity an d po we rs of the Crown o ve r all estate s where the le gal o wn ers we re u n d e r an n S an offi e was of C n e o an d s y i capacity . uch c practically that ha c ll r, mu t

- C H 7 6 ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOUSE .

day of the same month as the Duke in the same place .

1 0 St. And now in May 54 the Order of John, of which Sir W m W illia eston is the English head, is suppressed, m and he himself dies of grief on the sa e day . Within two years Sir Richard had to follow his noble ’ 1 1 Sir in fi rmities m him brother . In 54 Richard s co pel to surrender to Sir John Baker his offi ce of Under-T reasurer 1 - 20 th 1 1 2 . m m of England , January 54 4 It is re e bered T m Sir W before ho as, Duke of Norfolk, that R . eston , Su b-T ob sen ectu tem debilita tam et con reasurer of England, tin uam in rmitatem ffi fi , resigns his o ce with a pension of ? 10 0 him Sir £ a year, payable to by John

In the year following, his long and busy life was over . th 1 2 He died 7 August 54 , it would appear about the age - ﬁ e m of seventy v . His will was proved in Nove ber of I n u isition es P ost Mortem that year, and in the q ( 3 4 Henry S m S VIII . ) he was found to hold lands in o erset, in urrey,

m . in Ha pshire, in Dorset, and in Berkshire He was buried in the family vault in the Parish Church T G of the rinity in uildford, in the chapel which he built for the purpose but all traces of his burial and his tomb have perished in the destruction and rebuilding of the

. m l 6 th 1 1 church By his will, ade the day of May 54 (always the month of May is an epoch in the Weston m Sir W calendar), he describes hi self as Richard eston of

S C S . utton, in the ounty of urrey, Knight He appoints “ m S as his executors y Lorde Pryve eale, that is , Lord l ir W itz illiam S m forme r S . w , y , outha pton ’ F his old col

1 e o Ofﬁ e 2 H en Rot. . R c rd c , 3 ry VIII 7 2 H Te 2 H en . . O . e o n o Re cords ilary rm , 3 ry VIII , R M m ra da R ll, , L . ’ in n n T e s e e ss . L. T . R . S ir s s e s s e s r a ur r R mi , Richard tyl Lati ru thu Mil ' ro o o e s e Wardoru m The saurarrus Cal isizr e t S u b-The saurariu s p c rp r , Magi t r , , ” A n gli a . 111 SI R RICHARD WESTON THE ELDER 7 7

“ Co wdra C m league, and the builder of y astle, y Lorde ” A m ] i e Sir d iral , Lorde Russell, . . John Russell, the founder Sir C of the ducal house, his wife Anne, and hristopher Lose le More, Knight, the founder of the house of y, to be m 20 . overseer, with legacies of £ to each of those na ed Sir C 1 Richard dies as a good atholic . He bequeaths his soul to Almighty God and to his blessed mother our Lady Saint Mary and to all the holy company of Heaven “ and he wills that there may be said i mmediately after his decease fifteen trentals of masses for his soul and his ’ ’ ” father s soul and his mother s soul . He bequeaths to Lady Kingston the Pown se Cupp with the cover which ” 2 W n e ld me Mr . y gfi gave . Lady Kingston was the Sir W C T widow of . Kingston , the onstable of the ower, who had been the jailor of Anne Boleyn and of Francis W eston . It was, as we now know, solely through the report made by Kingston to Cromwell that young W eston had been implicated . No doubt both kept their own counsel, and the father never knew the whole story . Sir W W fie ld Sir . n . Kingston and R y g were two of the four sad and ancient Knights who entered the ’ King s Privy Chamber in 15 19 along with Weston and m Jerningha .

The will of Sir Richard is short and si mple . He be u eaths n q to Anne, his wife, all his la ds for life, and then

! W Sir to Henry eston, his grandson , the only child of

Francis (then aged six years) , in default of which the lands were to go to the sons of his daughters, Lady Dennys 1 es on the do se e s to e e e n in 1 2 an d 1 an L ady W t , wi w, m hav b 54 54 3 e e n of th P n ess —P r i P urse Ex en ses rin cess Mar adh r t e ri c Mary m p of P y , by H 1 S ir s o s . 1 0 . arri N ic la , pp 3 3 , 3 4 , 2 w o es to s n e o n e s s to P oun ce cup as a cup with h l pri kl p u d d ugar, aid o e o umex e ua si s a mex o n e box bo x o e s for c m fr m p , pumic , q p , p u c t , with h l s en c t . 8 - H 7 ANNAL S OF AN OLD MANOR HOU SE C .

To and Lady Rogers . his wife he bequeaths his personal ff goods, furniture, and household stu for her life, and W m then to Henry eston . And after so e gifts to servants , he gives the residue of his estate to Anne, his wife, to dispose of “ for the health of our souls and our friends’ ” T souls and of all Chr istian souls . ruly the venerable m knight ade a pious end of his life . If there were no

man . recording angel, he was indeed an honourable

T m D . he 2 2n d 1 2 A . will was proved Nove ber 54 , MD m ” quadragesi o secundo . For the proof of the will an inventory was prepared which remained in the archives of Lose le y Hall until it was recently presented by the - S late Mr . More Molyneux to F . H . alvin , the owner of S Sutton Place . It will be described when we are peaking C The of the house ( hap . viii . ) executors deposited with W m su m 6 5 . Sir . Gresha as banker the of £3 3 5 in “ The f n e S pecie and gold Chain . cheyne of y gold with ” 6 6 8 10 3 . a cross, weighing ounces , was valued at £ 7 T m his ust have been a grand jewel, as it would now 12 amount to £ 80 alone . The u inventory gives a list of f rniture, stores, and goods suitable for a house of the kind, tapestries for the “ “ a gre t hall, and a grete carpet to the table there a gret carpet in the parlour agre able to the table there : a turkey carpet in the wadrobe : a grete carpete to lay under the kyn gs fete : also xxv carpe tts for wyn dows in C m be s ds sundry ha bers (no doubt carpets for the oriels), y ” r e tts w n d s the seyd xxv ca p iii verder peces to lay in y ow . 1 This profuse use of carpets was unusual luxury in 53 0 .

Verdures were tapestries of scenery . ’ ’ T C m m here is the priest s ha ber, and the fool s cha ber, ’ Sir Ro e rs s m and the lads of the kitchen, John g cha ber -in - ff (his son law) , a chapel, and chapel stu . In the W 111 SI R RICHARD ESTON THE ELDER 7 9

1 m 10 2 10 2 sallats ar oury are pairs of harness, and 2 ” 3 or eats 8 8 s leatts 8 g g , paire of p , 3 bows, and 54 sheaves 2 I - of arrows with their cases, 5 bills and battle axe, and a pavilion (tent) and a hall . Of plate there are two:gilt 2 2 basons and ewers , white silver basons and ewers parcel 8 fla on s I 8 gilt, silver pots and 4 silver g , chased goblets, 4 6 2 standing cups and 7 cruises , dishes of silver, 4 trencher 18 plates of silver, silver spoons of the apostles upon the ” “ ” knobs . Let us trust these were real antique and not m m m T are 8 ade up at Bir ingha or Antwerp . here also r silver spoons of anothe sort, a chafing bason, and chafing 1 6 . 6 2 dish, etc In all, the plate is priced at £ 4 T 2 0 0 0 . 0 0 10 0 6 0 about £ here are 4 sheep, beasts, and r m m ho ses . It ust have been a stately ansion, well stocked and moun ted . SO Sir W Richard eston was gathered to his fathers , W m and little Henry eston , his grandson , beca e his heir and success or . W him Lady eston , his wife, survived at least a few m years , though she ust have been of venerable age . W m th e m A Mrs . eston , ost probably sa e, had been a lady in the service of Queen E li zabeth of York in 150 2 and ’ 1 10 - r in 5 , thirty two yea s before her husband s death , she m C was gentlewo an to the Queen , atherine of Aragon , Sir was the wife of Richard, and guardian of a young m S n S n ward . Her fa ily of a dys or ands was a bra ch of

m Rote n b St. C m the fa ily of y, Bees, in u berland, whence W m m S . her father, illia andys , ca e Her brother was 1 Salla ts or sellats e e helmets e n e or se s to o e o w r , grav d cha d , aid c m fr m - ca la ta se . S o S es e e Bu t for s e t n an e en , cha d hak p ar a all , my brai p had b ” e o n 2 Hen VI . . S en e cl ft with a br w bill ( ry , Act IV , c 2 P e e s th e o i c for thr at . 3 ” S leats = s l en ts e e e es ote e d the arde de p p w r littl plat which pr ct arm , g Words b as P s r e H l e Diet. A rc/za ic . r , al g av ( a liw ll, of , ii 8 0 - ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HO USE CH.

S S Oliver andys of here, in Dorking, and she was doubt W 1 h m m S . S e less of the fa ily of illia , Lord andys proved Sir m the will of Richard, and possibly had uch to do with S the bringing up of the young heir of utton Place, then She m a boy of seven or eight . see s to have attached her We self to the party of Mary and her Catholic friends . have frequent notices of her in the P rivy P u rse E xp en ses ? o P rin cess M a r Sir f y , ed . H . Nicolas During the years from 153 7 until 154 4 money is entered for the servants of Lady Weston for bringing presents of pudding and artichokes for the Princess Mary when at Guildford ; and again we have her sending to “ ” he ron s an d . the Princess Peacocks, , swete baggs (sachets) 1 16 W ma Mary was born in 5 , and Lady eston y have m been gentlewo an to the Queen Catherine at her birth . Sir Besides the only son , Francis, Richard and Lady W eston had two daughters . Sir W Margaret, the wife of alter Dennys , the eldest Sir W m m C son of illia Dennys, of Dyrha , ounty of co- Gloucester, by Anne, daughter and heiress of Maurice, T Lord Berkeley . here is in the painted glass in the hall m m rebu s (lower north bay, No . 7) an e ble or for her a Marguerite growing out of a tun ; and in the lower - N . X m south west window ( O . 3 ) is a agniﬁcent coat of m Sir W ar s of alter Dennys, quartering the coat of m he m Berkeley in right of his other . S afterwards arried n Richard Staffe rto . The m second daughter, Katherine, na ed, of course, m C m after the Queen (her other being Lady of the ha ber) , m Sir Sir r was arried to John Rogers , son of John Roge s ’ B rian sto n D orset . 2 0 rd of , Dorset ( see Hutchins , i 5 , 3 cd m S . , One of the roo s at utton was called in 1 2 P n n n an d B 11. 6 1. . 110 . Ma i g ray, 7 p 3 3 , 3 4 , 111 SI R RI CHARD WESTON THE ELDER 8 1

“ ’ ir e r s m m the inventory S John Rog s roo . In the ti e m ’ of Ja es I . the Herald s Visitation for Surrey records as being in the hall the arms of Rogers ; but they are no longer visible 1 Both Lady Dennys and Lady Rogers T m c . had sons na ed Ri hard, after their grandfather hey are mentioned in the old knight ’ s will on failure of heirs Sir W of Henry eston .

1 he s — On t tomb of Sir Joh n R e ge rs of B rian ston the arms are given thu 1 an d A r en t on e or f e -de-l s ules in ase et 4 , g a chi f , a l ur y g , b a mull , ble n e e sa . 2 a d A r en t et sable e ules. pi rc d 3 , g , ﬁ ty , a chi f g Sir o e s n son of Sir e ston e d Ce Richard R g r , gra d Richard W , marri cilia Lu tte re l an d e 16 0 T e n E e o e s in the , di d 4 . h ir gra dchild , lizab th R g r , ﬁfth e n e on e d C e s S s x D e of en n ox an d d D e of g rati , marri harl tuart , i th uk L thir uk - on . H e d e S e e e 16 2 B e Dorman t P eera es . 1 . Richm d i d pt mb r 7 . urk , g , p 5 3 — P T . E S TO S H TS O F S T. O H A R I I I W N , K N I G J N

’ As r St. n Sir the Lo d Prior of John s Order in Engla d, W m W the Sir illia eston , brother of Richard, was so him m closely associated with throughout life, so e account W S must here be given of the estons of t. John . The Westons had a long connection with the martial is —The HOS italle rs order, whose true style Knights p of m mm St. the Order of John of Jerusale , co only called the m Knights of Malta, after their establish ent there in the 1 0 year 53 , or the Knights of Rhodes, down to the capture of the island by the T u rks in

1 T e e are o s s o es of s O e S t e n an d o e s on e h r vari u hi t ri thi rd r by u h rla d th r , - of the o e e e n e n o e n e . P o e e se d e on m r r c t b i g that by Maj r G ral W rt r, r vi diti , 188 on n s s s of the o s an d o n of the o o s 3 . It c tai li t pri r , a full acc u t gl ri u

e n e f o e s O e n o on has e e n s e o the e o s d fe c o Rh d . th r i f rmati b uppli d fr m R c rd n in o n e o e e to H . S n f the e E. F. o O . rd r by Mr Wat rt , a pap r c mmu icat d alvi , Es q .

8 OF AN OLD - S on 4 ANNALS MANOR HOU E .

Sir W m Tu rko olier a sister of illia Daunay, the p of the fﬁ Order, an o cial usually regarded as lieutenant, and W second to the Grand Master . Peter eston was grand Of Sir Of father Richard, who thus had four Knights m - St. John a ongst his near relations viz . three uncles

and a brother, his brother and one uncle being Lords T u rko o lie rs Prior, and two of his uncles p of the Order . Sir W m John eston, the uncle, was at one ti e General T u rko olie r of the Galleys of the Order , and was p in 1 1 1 6 2 th 4 7 and in 4 7 ( 4 July) , by a Bull of the Grand ’ d A u bu sson m Sir Master, Peter , dated fro Rhodes , John W T u rko olie r C mm eston, p and o ander of Balsal and

Newland, was appointed Lord Prior in England . It was the custom of the ﬁrst Tudors Often to employ ’ St m the Lord Prior of . John s on e bassies ; and as we r m C mm have al eady seen above, he was na ed as o issioner m S 1 86 on E bassies to the King of cotland in 4 , and to 88 1 S 1 . 8 the King of pain in 4 He died in 4 9, having r m lived to see his elder b other, Ed und, Governor of ’ m Sir Guernsey, and Ed und s sons , afterwards Richard and W m me n m m Sir . illia , young of pro ise and a bition The W St third eston , Knight of . John , of this par ticu lar Sir W m W house, was illia eston, the brother of m W Sir Richard . He was the second son of Ed und eston

m . of Boston , of who we have spoken above ( p On 2 7th September 15 10 certain rights Of a n cien n eté were The granted to him in Rhodes . knight was then about forty his brother Richard was already high in favour at C m ourt, and Governor of Guernsey, as their father Ed und Sir W m mm had been . illia is su oned to a chapter at Sir 1 1 . Rhodes in June 5 5 ( Richard, the brother, was T then Knight of the Bath, and attending Mary udor on

her marriage to the King of France . ) He was appointed 111 SI R RICHARD WESTON THE ELDER 8 5

Tu rko o lie r p , apparently before the great siege of Rhodes (July to December At this he distinguished him

self greatly, was wounded, and for his services he received 1 m the next year special honours . In July 5 23 a Bull fro ae a Sir W m W Bai , ne r Naples, granted to illia eston , T u rko olie r p , with the universal consent of the English a n cien n eté knights, right of and succession to the priories The of England and Ireland . defence of Rhodes against Solyman is one of the most glorious and moving episodes m - m in odern history, as Villiers de Lisle Ada , the Grand m Master, who conducted it, was one of the ost perfect —in types of the hero courage, piety, endurance, and dignity of nature ﬁt to stand beside even Godfrey de To m Bouillon . have earned the trust of such a an was

the glory of a life . 2 th 1 2 the On 7 June 5 7 a B ull of Grand Master, - m m C Sir Villiers de Lisle Ada , fro orneto, appoints W m a illia Lord Prior of Engl nd, and three days later Sir W m m illia notiﬁes his appoint ent to the King . He shortly after returned to England and took his seat in m 1 the House of Lords as Pre ier Lay Baron . In 53 2 it m ’ St. see s that, as Prior of John s , he exchanged the m C Stan e s ate Manor of Ha pton ourt for the Priory of g ,

Ca len da r V. . 6 2 . in Essex ( No 7, xviii ) He spells badly, m oin t a ten tee m un d a tten d and like a Ger an , for j p beco es j p Ca len da r NO ( V. . The re is evidence that the Lord Prior did not belong r T m to the pa ty of ho as Cromwell and the Boleyns . He

m . was not e ployed by Henry VIII On the contrary, there is every evidence that he opposed the Reformation

- and the anti papal policy of Henry, and held by the m T m clai s of Mary udor . Morette, the a bassador of

Francis I . in England, then actively opposing the party 8 6 S - H ANNAL OF AN OLD MANOR HOU SE C . of Anne, gave a great dinner party, at which the D ukes S ff Sir W m W of Norfolk and u olk, illia eston, Prior of S ’ t. John s, Lord Abergavenny, and other inﬂuential m o adherents of the papacy were present . Pala ede G ntier m a u to da i a n told the of the f at Paris l tely, when Fra cis himself with his sons had marched in the procession and had watched the torturing and burning of a good number The of Protestants . English lords were delighted to ” 1 hear of this, and praised Francis for what he had done . Sir W m W illia eston was apparently in opposition , m T he Ca len da rs and soon withdrew fro public life . m him C m contain a few letters fro to Lord Lisle, ro well, m ou rn a ls t e . . h etc , and various references Fro the 7 of H ouse o Lords 10 m f , vol . i . 3 , the na e of the Prior of m r St. John ofJerusale appears regula ly as a daily attendant m 1 m 2 . . at Parlia ent in the 5 Henry VI I I , 53 3 He co es next after Viscount Lisle, the j unior viscount, and above B u r av en n Lord g y, the senior baron , ancestor of the The r Marquis of Abergavenny . Lord Prior also appea s as a regular attendant in the Parliament of 2 8 Henry 6 1 . m VIII . , 5 3 He does not appear in the Parlia ent of

1 . 1 3 H enry VIII , 53 9, although the abbots of the great monasteries do ; and his name never occurs again in the W m . e Roll of Parlia ent have a letter of the Prior, written th S m 1 m S in French, 7 epte ber 53 7, fro utton , superscribed ” T m D n le T me Sir . to neve ho as y g his is his nephew, ir T m S . C Dingley, a atholic artyr, who was executed for 1 Sir denying the supremacy in 153 9 . In the year 53 9 W m W con tin uis dev exa tu s in rmita tibu s a illia eston , ﬁ , p at m r W points Lord L y e and Lord indsor as his proctors .

1 es of on e se S e e the F e n n 11. n G . ri dma , 54 , citi g a d patch ti r him lf es s e Ca l en da r I X . No . 1 on e to C o e e d patch ab tract d , 74 , G ti r hab t, wh r i e Ov‘aston the n ame s Sp lt .

8 8 - 111 ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOU SE C H .

m an d s Above it was a canopy with escutcheons, ar s , cre ts, m e and above the recu b nt ﬁgure, apparently, were two

kneeling ﬁgures and the objects of their adoration . In the centre of the canopy was the achievement of the m Lord Prior in stone, above which, on a hel et, is the ’ S a ron té - ar en t aracen s head, f or full faced, wreathed g and a u re The a m m ir z . r s are the sa e as those of S Richard S Weston Ca mel] C at utton , quarterly, and , with the ross

St. m of John in chief. Underneath is the otto, which m see s to read ANY B ORO . When the old Church was removed in 1788 this noble m m The m onu ent was destroyed . skeleton easured exactly I 1 in 1 m 5 feet inches , and Pennant, 793 , saw frag ents of The fﬁ m it in the garden . e gy re ained in the church, T and was afterwards removed to the gatehouse . hat is m man the last re nant of a gallant . Sir W m am illia was a great se an as well as soldier, and mm She co anded the ﬁrst ironclad recorded in history . was Grea t Ca rra cb She called the . was sheathed with m - She m 0 etal and perfectly cannon proof. had roo for 5 0 me n m and provisions for six onths . A picture of this m W fa ous ship is in the Royal Collections at indsor .

71! 1 - 111» C H A P T E R IV

S I R F R C S STO TH E SON A ND H A N I WE N, EI R

TH E Sir W only son of Richard eston, the S m founder of utton , ust have been a boy when his father received his grant of the

manor and built the house . He entered ’ the King s service as page in his teens, a ﬁ was spoiled favourite, rst of Henry,

and then of Anne Boleyn , and was sud den ly beheaded about his twenty- ﬁfth year m in the lifeti e of his father . It does not appear in what year precisely he was born but he did not obtain livery of the lands to which he was entitled in right of his wife until 24 th June although he m was arried to her in 153 0 . It is highly probable that this gives the date of his m ajority, as his father would certainly have secured him in po ssession of the vast estates he had obtained by marriage m m at the earliest possible o ent . 1 Sir Again , in 53 3 , Richard procured the grant of the ofﬁ ce of Governor of

1 Cal en dar H en No 120 , ry VIII . , v. . 7 0 O - 9 ANNAL S OF AN LD MANOR HOU SE c a . Guernsey in survivorship to himself and his son Francis? m m In the sa e year Anne Boleyn was arried, and Francis Weston was created Knight of the Bath during the m l st 1 . cere onies, 3 May 53 3 It is hardly conceivable f that such an o ﬁce as the governorship of Guernsey, or such an honour as the knightship of the Bath, could have been conferred on a youth still under age and it is almost n as unlikely that, in his position , livery of the la ds of his wife should have been withheld from him after he was of age . The m only circu stances on the other side are, ﬁrst , m his na e Francis, and his being treated as a child, found C m in lothes, and entioned with Patch , the Fool, down to m “ W ” his arriage, and always spoken of as young eston . Francis is a name that never occurs in the Weston pedi 2 gree either before or since ; it is not the name of an y m m 1 1 royal or e inent English an of that age, and until 5 5, 3 ma was m mm m . we y say, a ost unco on na e in England An o u léme - s m Francis, Duke of g , and heir pre u ptive under X I m I . Louis , did not co e to the French throne until 1s 1 1 was t January 5 5 . After that date there every reason the m why a courtier of Henry VIII . who attended arriage T X I I of Mary udor to Louis . and followed his king to the Field of the Cloth Of Gold should have named his 1 1 son after the French king . B ut before I st January 5 5 m it was a most uncourtierlike thing to do . But it ust be remembered that the Westons were a family with 1 0 2 W wide foreign connections . In 5 Richard eston is ” “ 10 3 rde lle s paid £4 : . for gy brought for the Queen ” the 1 10 beyond sea, and in 5 he had license to freight a

1 l dar V N 6 Ca en . o . 1 8 1 . . 4 , p 59 2 H n r S . The pres e n t o wn e r of the h o use is F an cis . alvi 3 ss on e Ch istian Names F an cis vol . . . 1 8 . Mi Y g , r ( r ) , ii p 9

- E c a 9 2 ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOUS .

“ ’ 1 3 5 . for three pair of hosen, the King s reward at Easter ” (equivalent say to Then we have £6 paid to Lord Rochford for Weston for four games of tennis which he won of the King at 4, angels apiece .

T 2 m . his is high play, £7 for four ga es n 1 1 I May 53 0 the su m of £6 3 4. is paid to Master W m 1 m eston at his arriage . In the sa e year is an entry “ for a W Patche hose for M ster eston, Mark , and , the ’ ” m . S King s fool Mark, of course, is Mark eaton , Anne ’ m W Boleyn s usician, who was executed along with eston ’ “ ” 1 1 and the rest . In 53 the King s reward has risen to for the minion is now a married man and has a wife to keep, and is not let into possession of her T e W h 5 . estates . King loses £4 to eston at tennis at 4 0 m 1 W m 5 . a ga e he loses £4. 0 to eston at Eltha at bowls m The W at 4 angels the ga e . King lends young eston “ 2 0 2 0 him 6 £ ; that is £ 4 . He pays £4 for y C C that he wonne of the King at Dyce at Langle ,

20 0 6 : 3 . ( ) corons (crowns ) , and soon after £ 3 “ ” m rial 1 6 1 : wonne of the King at I pe l . In 53 2 £4 4 60 W w u n e £5 ) is paid to Master eston , y of the King ” at Dyce at Calys ; again £ 18 was lost by the King W “ ’ ” to eston at popes July s game ; then £3 at the same ; then 50 crowns is lost at cards and dyce “ W 3 to Bryan and eston ; 4 . is paid to a servant who brings brawn and pudding from Lady Weston (his ” mother) to the King ; and 4 5 . for a present of wild “ ” T su bstan fowl . ips and vails were in those days “ ' ’ tial things . Fifty shillings to drink y honour s health to the footman who brings a parcel of brawn and pudding “ ’ ” ou rboire 1 2 W is a truly royal p . In 53 young eston s reward against Christmas has risen to £5 1 Calen dar V 0 . pp . 7 5 , 7 57 , 7 59 ° rv SI R C S W ST THE S ON FRAN I E ON, HEIR 9 3

m of? Henry did things handso ely, even if he did cut 1 heads . 2 But young Weston is n o w of age and in 153 2 he m C m is appointed as Gentle an of the Privy ha ber, the fﬁ o ce with which his father began his career, twenty r years before, and he is ordered to se ve six weeks in the

C m t Sir . C Sir Privy ha ber along wi h N arew, John K n e it s v t. T Rus ell, Browne, Page, Bryan , and hese me n , who live on the canvas or cartoons of Holbein, are m m m ’ all e bers of the inner ost circle of Henry s favourites . - m Browne is the half brother and successor of Fitzwillia , m Sir C Earl of Southa pton . Nicholas arew was a con stant agent of Henry, a Knight of the Garter, and one ’ m Sir of Anne Boleyn s ene ies . John Russell, afterwards ’ Sir W Lord Russell, was one of Richard eston s executors . Sir Richard Page was arrested with Francis Weston in 1 6 Sir was 53 , but allowed to escape . Francis Bryan a was frequent envoy of Henry he cousin of Anne Boleyn , m m and brought news of her conde nation to Jane Sey our . “ ” 3 Ga rdiner called Bryan the vicar of Hell The gentle ’ me n o f the King s Privy Chamber in 153 2 were not ff m burdened with scruples or indi erent to pro otion . Henry had privately married Anne Boleyn on 2 5th

1 on o s e n e s in the P riv P urse E x en ses en r VI I I rom A m g vari u tri y p q y . f 1 2 - 2 e e Sir H s o s are the o o n H ose for 5 9 3 , dit d by arri N ic la f ll wi g ” “ ” es on 1 6 Ten n s . 2 0 8 . e s e W t , p . 5 ; £ at i , p 3 7 r ward at Ea t r, “ . e d for ee n oun oun 1 8 . n o o S on P e p 3 7 r war k pi g a y g h d , 5 ( d ubt at utt lac ) , “ “ . 0 . se n for n n two s 6 s in 1 2 the n p 5 A rva t bri gi g buck , . 53 Ky g os P e e s e to e s s e B n an d s e l t at p Juliu gam my lady marqu , ma t r rya , Ma t r es on 6 n e e n the s e e an d s me W t , £9 Agai at Gr wich , am gam a e s 18 12 : n the s e e an d s e e s o B n play r , 4 agai , am gam am play r with ut rya , “ : The e s e e is o o s n n e Bo e n e te d £ 3 lady marqu h r bvi u ly A l y , cr a in 1 2 on e ss of P e o e . e s on e of a e is on e 53 Marchi mbr k W t , a lad bar ly g , of the o n n of r yal mi io s at the in timate partie s play . 2 3 - Ca len dar V No. 2 F e n n u 18 . . 0 2 . 9 7 ri dma , . 5, 3 9 - a 94 ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOU SE c .

1 January 53 3 , and in April he publicly appeared with The W m her as his wife . coronation in est inster Abbey took place on I st June following ; on 3 l st May she f m T W m went in state ro the ower to est inster, according m m to the custo at coronations down to Ja es II . On W m that day Francis eston was ade Knight of the Bath, and his name and arms are enrolled accordingly in the S m C M . already cited as in the British Museu ( laudius V X I . . CI II . E ) 1 The At the coronation of Anne, says the historian, T people remained silent . here was none of the en thu siasm with which in all ages Englishmen have greeted ” a popular queen . It was not easy to ﬁnd her an adequate So . C escort it appears that the young ourt favourite, - m now just twenty two, was pro oted to be Knight of the m Bath . A ong the friends of Anne there was a young m Sir W courtier na ed Francis eston, the son of Richard W U -T eston, nder reasurer of the Exchequer . He had

ﬁrst been a royal page, but had risen to the rank of r m C m G oo of the Privy ha ber, and was now one of the

m . ar gentle en of it For the last eighteen ye s, by reason fﬁ C of his o ce, he had resided constantly at ourt, and he o m n 2 had obtained a go d a y grants and pensions . In May 1 0 m 53 he had arried Ann , the daughter and heiress of Sir C m man hristopher Pickering, and having thus beco e a

of considerable property, he was created at the coronation ” 3 of Anne a Knight of the Bath . An account of the family of Pickering of We stmo r

F e n n 20 . ri dma , i . 5 2 the e e . F e n n F n s This is a slip of v ry accurat Mr ri dma . ra ci West on had - - ee n se e n e s on Co 1 2 6 at test. ee n to en two he b v y ar ly at urt , 5 3 3 ( ﬁft tw ty ) ; se e to e an e n s on his s H e is n d oe s n ot m hav had y p i but alary . appare tly 3 on se d his e . F e n n 2 8 c fu with fath r ri dma , u . 4 .

6 S - c u 9 ANNAL OF AN OLD MANOR HOU SE .

History knows nothing more serious of Sir Francis Weston than his gambling escapades and tennis- playing m until the great tragedy in which he had a brief, hu ble, T but cruel share . his is not the place wherein to tell again the oft-told tale of the j udicial murder of Anne

Boleyn . It has lately been restudied and written afresh

by a learned student, who has ransacked the archives of 1 this and of foreign countries with great success . So W far as eston was concerned the story is this . It was in April 153 6 that the first steps were taken e th towards th execution of Anne Boleyn . On the a4 the King signed a secret Commission authorising certain persons named and nine judges to inquire into every kind ff of treason and to try the o enders . Besides certain great o fli cials m S T m C m there were na ed Lord andys, ho as ro m The C mm me t well, Fitzwillia , and Paulet . o ission avowedly to find evidence which might convict Anne of “ ” “ guilt . Her courtiers, we are told, soon found out that the surest road to her favour was either to tell her me n that other were in love with her, or to pretend that m She m they were in love with her the selves . was extre ely m coarse, and lived at a ost dissolute court ; so that the flattery she aske dffor was offered in no very modest m ” 2 ter s . oth Sm m On the 3 April Mark eaton, a Groo of the C m ha ber and player on the lute, was arrested, and either 0 him torture, fear, or h pe led to confess that he had been r guilty of criminal acts . On I st May No eys was an d T arrested ; on May Anne was taken to the ower,

1 A n n e B ol e n a Cl a ter o E n lisn Histor 1 2 - 6 P F e n n y , p f g y , 5 7 3 , by aul ri dma , 8 has so ee n 2 o s 8 vc n 18 . o . F o de in his v l . , , Macmilla , 4 It al b t ld by Mr r u - s s o an d s n s e Div orce a tnerin e A ra on 18 1. lip h d parti a tyl , q of g , 9

F e n n . 2 ri dma , ii 4 7 . 1v SI R R C S W ST THE SON F AN I E ON , HEIR 97

T he and her brother, Lord Rochford, followed . Queen Sir W m was put into the custody of illia Kingston , the “ ” Consta ble (one of the sad and ancient Knights with Sir W Richard eston in and of Lady Kingston , to whom the old knight by his will bequeathed “ the ” Po n e m w s C . upp with the cover Fitzwillia , Paulet, S m and the Kingstons, with Lord andys, were fore ost m m i e e n T a ongst the ene ies of the Q . hey were also all Sir W old friends and colleagues of Richard eston . In the Tower Anne began to talk to her attendants m in a state of hysterical excite ent, and every word she The uttered was carried to Kingston and his wife . u k N o re s W (l e e n tal ed of y and then of Francis eston . ’ N ore s S y was engaged to Margaret helton, Anne s cousin , The t and one of her attendants . Queen hought Francis W m eston was aking love to the girl, neglecting his m m h C . S e young wife, who re ained away fro ourt had him m upbraided , she said, with aking love to Margaret The man and for not loving his wife . young , perhaps

k nowing her appetite for ﬂattery, had answered that he loved someone in her house more than either his wife or n W Madge . A ne asked who was that, and eston replied She it was herself. professed to be very angry, it is said him for m slapped his face, rebu ked his i pudence, and told W him to go home to his own wife . eston continued his N ore s m m ﬂirtation, and said that y , like hi self, ca e to her m T h chamber ore for her sake than that of Madge . e original account runs thus

“ Sir W am K n s o to C m e — Sir s n the mak n e illi i g t n ro w ll , y s y g o f s e e the l e n e s e o f We s on s n she thy l tt r Q pak [t , ayi g that ] s o e to b m b cau se he o e h r k n swoman Mrs had p k y y did l v y y ( . S e o n an d s he o e n o t w f an d he m e an se re to h lt ) aid l v d hys y , ad hyr [again that h] e l ove d wo n e in by r howse b e tte r th e n th e m H - 98 ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOU SE C H . — o e An d the i e e n who is ? s e . b th . [ Q said ] that It y yours lf A d sh to me n de f e d b m e . then she y y , as [ said ] ’ W N 1LL M KYNGSTO .

All this pitiful cackle the half- crazy Queen repeated in the silly strain of the courts in which she had lived m fl fro childhood, and under the in uence of unnerved e anxiety and excitement . Every word of it was repeat d r Sir W m to Lady Kingston , and repo ted by illia to m ma Cro well . An old copy of his report y be read 1 - r m T da Sir to day in the B itish Museu . hat y Francis W T eston was arrested and placed in the ower . ’ T he prisoners of the Queen s household were tried on l ath May, the Duke of Norfolk presiding, Henry and Cr m Sm o well in secret arranging every detail . eaton W pleaded guilty, eston and the rest not guilty, to all the charges . For the grand j ury twelve knights were sworn . T fﬁ ff me n r hey were all o cials, j ustices, sheri s, and t usted

C . by the rown A verdict of guilty was pronounced, and they were all condemned to the horrible punishment r m reserved by the old law for the c i e of high treason . “ m m Sir W An atte pt was ade to save Francis eston , m whose fa ily was powerful and rich , and had generally ” 2 sided with the Boleyns . He was a very beautiful young man r m , another histo ian relates , and his other and wife 3 ff su m had o ered a of crowns for his life . Even

1 e rd 1 6 Co on M o n n o C o O C . x f l s o t S S . o . Ki g t r mw ll , g May 53 , tt , th , . ’ s rs se e s n Cav en d sn 2 2 B s se t . S e s s . 2 1 5, riti h Mu um ; Elli , ri , ii 53 ; i g r , ii 7 ;

l da r X No 8 8 2 . Ca en . . 2 8 F e n n . 2 . ri dma , ii 3 3 Liv e s o tire cecn s o E n l n d v l ss S n a o . . 2 6 . . Mi trickla d, f Qg f g , iv 4 Mr ’ Tw o zeen s s s z . h H e o D xon o ( , T e o n n s pw rth i b ldly ay Q ' iv y u g ma ’ o e e sse d in the e e e s o n n fl n e se the n s e e an d m th r, dr d p t m ur i g, u g h r lf at Ki g f t r e e e H is o n Wi e o fe e to e e e n e praye d fo a r pri v . y u g f f r d giv up v rythi g th y had in the o d— n o se s an d n o s the n e of on —if w rl la d , h u , ma rial right , appa ag a bar

- S 0 11 10 0 ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOU E .

The lad owes my cousin Dingley with my father ’ 6 Barn arde m C £3 0 . He owes £ to y father s oke to 0 Ge n en es Browne, the draper, £5 ; to , the page of ” ” m 6 : 1 m W lsh re the cha ber, £ 3 4 ; to y lorde of y y , ’ 0 Anne Boleyn s father, and one of his own judges, £4 in “ ” “ m 26 angels ; to B ridges, y taylor, £ ; to parson “ Ro byn son £66 item to a pooe r woman at the Tennes a les m play for b w I cannot tell howe uche to Mr . “ ” a 6 Bryan, the vic r of Hell aforesaid, £7 in angels to the Kyn ge s Hyghn es £4 6 and to Marke Smeaton T e m 6 ar . £73 : 7 . hese of course ga bling debts But ’ as the King had the boy s head, he would hardly ask for m 6 the £4 6 . He owes his shoe aker £4 to “ ” Sir m 1 Mos rave 6 Richard Gresha £4 to Lady g £5 , for which she held a pledge of plate ; and to S echeper

S le the 0 . hakespeare) that p y at the dyce, 3 crowns T he m m total of the debt ight a ount, say m an d roughly, to about of our oney, was equal to abo ut ten times his yearly salary as Gentleman of the l a Chamber . It was a goodly list for a young m n of twenty ﬁ e ea m m h v . It was n rly three ti es the a ount at whic , ’ a ﬁve years l ter, his father s whole personal estate was proved by the executors . ff By royal order the sca old was prepared, not at T T yburn, but on ower Hill ; and instead of being n m ha ged, dise bowelled, and quartered, the prisoners were S m T i ply beheaded . hey were allowed to address the people who had come in great numbers to witness their T execution . hey did not confess their guilt but as was Of m usual, and indeed necessary for the sake their fa ilies o m m and possessi ns, they ade no vehe ent protestations of

1 The s of the o C n e o was 20 0 an d the e en es of the alary L rd ha c ll r £ , r v u

P o of S t o n the D sso on e e 2 8 2 . ri ry . J h at i luti w r £ i v S I R C S W ST THE SON 10 1 FRAN I E ON , HEIR

m innocence . It was part of the terrible ga e that was played by courtiers and politicians that if they spoke at all they would not attack the government or their j udges for ample means remained of bringing them to retribution . So W eston , like the others, confessed that he was a sinner, but said nothing which could be tortured into evidence C against the Queen . According to onstantine, in his C m W “ letter to ro well, eston said I had thought to live m in abo ination yet this twenty and thirty years, and then to have made amends I little thou ght I would have come 2 to this . So W 1 Sir on ednesday, the 7th of May, Francis Weston was executed on Tower Hill ; and all the eye “ T witnesses relate that he died with courage . hey died Hu se e 1 th very charitably, writes John to Lord Lisle, 9 len da May ( Ca r X NO. Nothing in life became him like the leaving it but like the sovereign whom his great- grandson served in the next century He nothi n g common did or mean on me mo e s e n e Up that rabl c , But with his k e e n e r e y e ’ The axe s e dge did try Nor c e the o s w s e all d G d , ith vulgar pit , To vi n di cate his h e lpl e ss right But b owe d his come ly h e ad b d ” 3 o n n e . D w , as upo a

1 I n the E xcer ta s torica . 2 6 0 is en n s on of e e o p , p , giv a tra lati a l tt r fr m o e se en e n o an e e- n e ss of the e xe on of n n e a P rtugu g tl ma , pr bably y wit cuti A “ Bo e n an d e s on o he s Mon sire Nestorn the s n o o e l y W t , wh m call , which aid m r n e e so the s n e s to for e an d t t e e e d tha that th y b ught by ta d r pray th m , tha h y yi ld ” e se e s to e o an d e x ee n n ess of e t th m lv d ath with j y c di g glad h ar . 2 F e n n 2 8 tate Trials Wriothesle Cli on C de n S . 2 . ri dma , ii . 5 , i 4 5 y, r am c 8 6 H al l en r V o 1 H I I 2 1 . S . I . . 7 5, pp 3 , 3 9 , y , 4 3 e Horatian Ode A . Marv ll , . - u 10 2 ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOU SE c .

The the m body with head was placed in a si ple shell , and thrown into a grave with that Of N oreys in the ’ T 1 churchyard of St. Peter s in the ower . The Q ueen was beheaded within the Tower on 19th She t Of o May . had undoub edly caused the death the p or him lad by her frenzied talk, as she had encouraged to continue with her a coarse and unmeaning flirtation . There is not the slightest reason to assume any kind of criminality between them worse than gross folly and m m sha eless indecorum. Anne was now a wo an of thirty four, who had lost her health , her looks, and her spirit, already on the verge of disgrace and repudiation , and known to be surrounded by deadly enemies and u n scru p u The m lous rivals . wild lad was erely a butterfly casually crushed between the fierce millstones ofambitious intrigue ’ and clearly he was a mere accidental Object of Cromwell s T h e . Sir plot . whole thing was as sudden as lightning

Francis, a gay and popular courtier, was arrested suddenly th 1 on the 4 of May, and on the 7th he was a headless T 1 m m corpse . his 7th of May was the sa e day of the sa e month on which his father had helped in the execution of m the Buckingha , and also that on which he had received

princely gift of Sutton . The judicial murder of his only son does not appear to have made any di fference in the Official position of Sir W The Richard eston . son was attainted, and all his goods Of and estates were confiscated to the King, the list debts and request that they might be paid was an ordinary an d ’ m The ffi necessary for . father s estate, o ces, and favour

’ 1 l n H en c Wriothe sle s Ci ro . v ol . . . 6 e x n tor o C S o . . D o S amd , y i p 3 p i , y f Tw o ceen s Tower on don Do n e -Be T/ze Tow er ss S n Qg ; of L ; y ll, ; Mi trickla d , n e M ria ls 1 o e Div orc i e o A n n e B ol e e e emo . F e at/zerme L f f y W v r, , p 5 4 r ud , q

c A ra on 18 1. f g , 9

- S c u 10 4 ANNAL S OF AN OLD MANOR HOU E . that the sentence passed at their trial should be carried m him out . And if oney had had any avail for , the ﬁne would have been crowns . The French is W Pauvr e aston qui e stoit de j e une aage Yssu de h ault e t tres an c i e n lignage De o n e me s e t e s o s ss b n s ur grac t u pa ant, En sse e n ha] a e e ffa an t li , , sault r, g En je u de p an lme e n gran d p e rfe cti o n Le s adroitz de e e n o plus c tt ati n . Et de o e s e n n a on t us bi n luy ta t b dait , ' ( ml e a s o on r h p y t ut h or e e n doit. ’ Nul p our luy n e n o sa fair e i n stan c e S n o sa me e e n du e il o e ée i n r , grand ppr ss , ’ Qui humbl e me n t au Roy s e st adr e ssée S a e mme ss Off e n tiére me n t f au i , rant e n e e t e n s o son d li r m n t R t s bi p ur e v e e . ’ Mai s l e Roi v e n l t qu e soit e xécu te e ’ De e ro cés l a e e n e a s e e l ur p s nt c rre t , ’ Et Si l arge nt p our luy cust e u pui ssan ce ’ ” e s u z c e n D c t mil e u st ﬁxé la che vance .

O ut of this plain tale Mr . Hepworth Dixon and Mr . Froude have elaborated melodramatic romances of their “ m s . lVIr. own Dixon tells us that the other, dres ed in ’ ”

m . the deepest ourning, ﬂung herself at the King s feet “ ” All we know is that she was oppressed with grief, and

m . . hu bly addressed the King, possibly by petition Mr Froude says the mother and young wife “ appeared in ” T m . court, eaning before the judge and jury hat would T im o s have startled even a udor j udge, and was quite p h sible even in that age . Mr . Dixon tells us t at Henry “ - m him answered the broken hearted wo en, Let hang, I ” W let him hang Mr . Froude tells us that eston was xv SI R C S W ST THE S ON 10 FRAN I E ON, HEIR 5

m . well known in Paris, and had been uch liked there We have not a word recorded of Henry, nor is there a f trace O the lad having ever gone to Paris . Next we are m told that M . Dinteville ca e over as his friend . But

m . M . Dinteville was a special a bassador of Francis And ’ then Mr . Froude quotes the lad s last letter (see above,

p . in which, by the way, he inserts three errors of W ’ copying, as proof of young eston s guilt . It is well kn own that discreet silence in prison and at the scaffold was the price that one paid for being spared torture and ’ ro u de s m conﬁscation . Mr . F argu ent would excuse every T T he j udicial murder by any udor or Stuart sovereign . ’ idea of Weston s self- proven guilt is as gratuitous ’ “ ” e m r an invention as Mr . Dixon s de pest ou ning, “ ” ’ “ the him the appanage of a baron, and King s Let ” ’ ! ro u de s r hang or Mr . F own int oduction of the wife and mother at the trial Offering bribes to judge and ’ ’ W Din te ville s jury, eston s Parisian popularity, and M .

friendship . Assuredly Francis Weston was not a man to be m m The m re e bered long . doggerel of the Rhy ing ’ 1 Chronicle in Cavendish s Life of Wolsey puts the truth when it r uns thus

We on the n on e e s st wa t , y shall und r tand , e e or dre ade That wantonly lyv e d with out f ar .

B e n o an d skan t o f the s e y g but y ung, out h ll , ’ was da n te l n or she d u n e the n s w n I y y y d r ki g y g, Who highly favo r e d me an d l o ve d me so we ll s in e e n That I had all my will an d lu t v ry thi g.

1 Wo s n e vol 11 C n s Li o l e . . . 0 e e S . av di h , f f y, by i g r, p 3 10 6 S - S c n 1v ANNAL OF AN OLD MANOR HOU E . .

b A wanton and a worthless youth But youth , eauty, o ff high courage, and splendid station, suddenly cut in m blood a idst the whirl of a great historical tragedy, mm m co and our sy pathies , we know not why, and however little reason for sorrow that we ﬁnd in sobe r

reﬂection .

- n 10 8 ANNAL S OF AN OLD MANOR HOU SE e . During the stormy ti mes which closed the reign of

Henry VIII . , and which followed on the reigns of Of S young Edward and Mary, the heir utton was a m youth in his teens . He ca e of age in the fourth year ’ Of ff Mary s reign , in the height of her e ort to restore the

Catholic faith by force . T he young soldier distinguished himself in the war with France, which broke out when he was but twenty two ; and at the age of twenty - three he was greatly honoured for the gallant stand he made when Calais was s lost for ever to the English crown , to the inexpres ible Of in cal cu l grief Queen Mary, as we all know, and the able advantage of the English people . Mary, as we are m Of me mor told, died of grief within a few onths this able feat of arms . 1 8 At the accession of Elizabeth , in 55 , the young m hero of Calais stood high in favour . As a inor he had taken no part in politics or in the great religious revol u

tions of the last twenty years . His father died on the ’ ff m z m sca old during the j udicial urder of Eli abeth s other, and had undoubtedly fallen a sacriﬁce to her mother’ s m m i prudent conduct, and to the bitter ani osity of her ’ m m mother s enemies . He hi self had arried a lady of the z noblest blood, who was a cousin of Eli abeth herself, and

ff . who, like her husband, had lost a father on the sca old

Accordingly, at the coronation of Elizabeth , January 1 Sir W 559, Henry eston was created Knight of the m m Bath, and his na e and ar s are duly entered in the m 1 MS. volu e already cited, as had been those of his

father and grandfather .

1 n M s C . X I V . E. The s e n are e of Co o S S . C — tt , laudiu III arm giv quart rly Weston Ca me11 as e o e . . . icke in : E rmin e a on six 1. . 2 . , b f r , chap iii 3 P r g , li

n t sable e ules o n e d or. . Lascell es o E skri rampa , arm d g , ducally cr w 4 f gg SI R HENRY WESTON 10 9

1 0 In the year 55 , second to third year of Edward VI . 6 Of m cap . , by Act Parlia ent, he had obtained restitution o in bl od after the attainder of his father, and possession f s had r O all e tates which he inhe ited through his fa ther . A nd in the same year the estates at Clandon were conﬁrmed to him which had been leased for sixty years i 1 z T Re m mbr S r 2 . 2 . . e . to Richard in 53 (Pat Eli , reas ) Sir man Henry was thus a of large possessions, being in m Sir enjoy ent of the lands of his grandfather, Richard , m m the and entitled in re ainder to the lands of his other, he 1 8 heiress of Pickering . S died in 5 2 . 1 Sir W m 1 Henry eston arried in 559 Dorothy, daughter Of Sir T m Of W Sir ho as Arundell ardour, also, like Francis W eston , one of the Knights of the Bath at the corona a tion of Anne Boleyn, and also beheaded for tre son 1 2 Of S m ( 55 ) as one the partisans of the Protector o erset, l S m m on the fal of the haughty ey our . Her other, S C Margaret Howard, ister of atherine Howard, the

Of . ﬁfth wife Henry VIII , was the elder daughter of m Lord Ed und Howard, Marshal of the Horse at the a lodden b ttle of F , and granddaughter of the second m mm D uke of Norfolk, the fa ous co ander in that battle .

M or A r en t ee C e s e s . . esb C e n : Sabl e oss g , thr hapl t gul 5 y ( umb rla d) , a cr en t in th e s e n e o or 6 Fen w i k o e n arg , ﬁr t quart r a ci qu f il . . c (N rthumb rla d) P erfes se ul es an d ar en t six e s o n e - n e C es : e , g g , martl t c u t r cha g d . r t A cam l sa ble s o e a en t o e an d oo e or , p tt d rg , c llar d h f d . 1 ’ Thi s lady is n ame d Margare t in S e gar s gre at pe digre e of Weston in the B s se an d s has e en o o e an n in H o e Co n s riti h Mu um , thi b f ll w d by M g, ar , lli , an d o e s e s o e ﬁ n e ol d e e e of the n e s th r . It app ar fr m a v ry p digr Aru d ll an d o e e s n ow in the osses s on of o d n e an d o fr m family d d , p i L r Aru d ll Ward ur at

o C s e s her on n e was Do o . S o so in the Ward ur a tl , Wilt , that ly am r thy al s e s e of es C n on S e the of he r son s is s pari h r gi t r W t la d , urr y, birth thu e h w H s e e e . 1 6 1 1 t O o e as e e n son of i H . S r . r gi t r d , g 5 , 3 ct b r, baptiz d ry, ” e s on n an d Do o h his e o s so e s s on o e W t , k ight , r t y, wif . It thr w m u pici v r ’ the of S e s o o s e e e its oo s e a to d accuracy gar p mp u p digr , with r t trac d b ck A am , en we fin in err o on so o n t n e wh d him r imp rta a am . 1 0 S - S u 1 ANNAL OF AN OLD MANOR HOU E c . T m W hrough her other, Margaret Howard, Lady eston was thus allied to the royal house and to the noblest m families of the age . Her fa ily history is so charac te ristic m of the ti es, and is stained with bloodshed so O SO ma Of ften and continuously, that it y be interest to

follow it . ’ W Sir T m Of Lady eston s father, ho as Arundell, an m O m Sir ancient fa ily in the west, btained fro his father, W C W John Arundell, the grant of ardour astle, in ilt m a m shire, for erly royal possession . His other was T m Eleanor, youngest daughter of ho as Grey, second

Marquis of Dorset . Her three brothers, Henry, Duke f S ff T m O . u olk, ho as, and Leonard, were all beheaded ’ a m Ele nor s nieces were Lady Jane Grey, who arried C t m Guildford Dudley, and a herine, who arried Lord m Hertford, and died of her cruel conﬁne ent in the

T I 6 . Of S ff ower in 5 7 Henry, Duke u olk, who was 1 m beheaded in 554, arried Frances, eldest daughter and co - C r S ff heiress of ha les Brandon, Duke of u olk, by Of Sir T m Mary, sister Henry VIII . ho as Arundell, r m the f by his wife, Ma garet Howard, beca e grand ather Sir T ma o f of ho s Arundell, the hero of the battle C m m 1 Gran, ount of the Holy Ro an E pire, 595, and

160 . ﬁrst Baron Arundell, 5 Sir T m W ho as Arundell, father of Lady eston, and r mm his wife, Ma garet Howard, were both co itted to the T r de S e rate owe , and he was executed in the p duel S m between the Protector o erset and Dudley, Duke m of Northu berland, in m W Margaret Howard, other of Dorothy, Lady eston ’

m . z r (te p Queen Eli abeth ) , was by her fathe s side grand o f Of daughter the second Duke Norfolk, attainted in

1 ’ M ach n s D . 10 1 y iary, pp , 5.

112 A S - SE ANN L OF AN OLD MANOR HOU e n .

But if the tree is full of splendid alliances, it is also m m as full of bloody e ories . It is at once comical and shocking to note how a person of distinguished lineage in that sixteenth century could make out a list of rela tions by blood or marriage who had all suffered death ff “ on the sca old or had been attainted as traitors . In T m fact, in udor ti es to be attainted as traitor was nearly equivalent to the modern phrase of “ going out of ” ffi o al m o ce ; and to be gently b rn at all, it was ost essential that at least one membe r of your family m n should have been conde ned to be ha ged, drawn , and

quartered . The following chronological table may represent the havoc which politics had made in the family Of Dorothy Weston n ee Arundell

TT T D T O S OF O OTH D e 5 OF A AIN E RELA I N D R Y ARUN ELL,

I R W S 6 0 S TO 1 . HENRY E N , 5

’ e Fath r s side .

He r e Sir T. n e e e fath r , Aru d ll b head d e - in - l aw Sir n s We o Fath r , Fra ci st n ’ e n c e e n o f S ffo Fath r s u l , H ry , Duke u lk T om s o e h a , L rd Gr y e on o e 7 , L ard, L rd Gr y ’ e ﬁ o s n n e e Fath r s rst c u i , Lady Ja Gr y ’ n e s n o e Lady Ja s hu ba d, Guildf rd Dudl y ’ n e s o - in -l aw a c s e Lady Ja br ther , Fr n i Dudl y ’ n e - in - l aw e of o m e Lady Ja s father , Duk N rthu b r an e e e l d , b h ad d ’ e s ﬁ s o s n C e e S e mo e Fath r r t c u i , ath rin y ur, di d pri son e r in the Towe r SI R HENRY WESTON 113

’ o e s s e M th r id .

1 1. H e r mo e n e a n e n ot th r , Lady Aru d ll , att i t d but be h e ade d ’ 12 . o e s s e C a e n e ow e e a e M th r s i t r , th ri H ard , b h d d ’ o e ﬁ s c o s n n n e o e n e e e M th r s r t u i , A B l y , b h ad d ’

1 . o e s ﬁ s co s n a o f S u e e e e 4 M th r r t u i , E rl rr y, b h ad d ’ 1 . o e s ﬁ s c o s n ma a e a och o 5 M th r r t u i by rri g , L dy R f rd, be h e ade d ’ 16 . o e c o s n o of o o e e e M th r s u i , f urth Duke N rf lk , b h ad d ’ — - 1 . o e s e in l aw An n o n e 7 M th r s si t r , H ward, attai t d

18 . n c e e o f o o n e U l , third Duk N rf lk , attai t d

1 . n a e s e co n e o f o o n e 9 Gra df th r , d Duk N rf lk , attai t d

- 2 0 . e n e ﬁ e Of o o e in Gr at gra dfath r, rst Duk N rf lk , kill d c ivil war

2 1. Co s n Of n e e in the To e at u i , Earl Aru d l , di d w r , tai n te d

- 2 2 . e n e o T om o n e e Gr at u cl , L rd h as H ward , attai t d, di d in the Towe r

She m The ust have been a ﬁne lady . noble portrait in the hall reputed to be by Federigo Zucchero re presents her as she stood there in the heyday of her h dignity and grace . S e is attired in the Venetian laces ff - and brocades, with frill, ru , head dress, in the style so m Of z The m fa iliar to us as that Eli abeth . e broideries She r are superb, and is cove ed with jewels, in the fashion f m T O . he that ti e, holding a feather fan in her hand picture was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 188 Burlington House in 4 , and was described as by 1 0 Zucchero, full length, canvas 7 by 4 inches . 1 m Zucchero, who was born in 54 3 , and worked uch m a 1 in Flanders, ca e to Engl nd in 5 74 , where he stayed 1 8 until 57 , painting the Queen, her courtiers, and - 114 ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOU SE c a .

m m Eﬂin ham inisters, a ongst others Lord Howard of g , who was at once a cousin and neighbour of Lady W The Of 1 eston . date the picture was about 575, when - ﬁ e v . she was about thirty But, of course, the experts m T refer the portrait to so e other hand . here is also a

portrait of her about ﬁfteen years later, in which we see the m m mm . sa e features, so ewhat di ed by the advance of years Sir Henry Weston was Sheriff of Surrey in 1569 and 1 1 m in 57 , and he represented the county in the Parlia ent of He entertained Elizabeth at Sutton Pla ce 2 The on several occasions . ﬁrst occasion was in the S beginning of her reign, in her econd year, when the

- Protestant religion was being Officially re established . Sir m Henry, who had been recently knighted and arried, - fiv e was but twenty years of age, and was in the first Of m S On spring his youthful fa e and plendour . that ff occasion a fire took place in the house, the exact e ect ’ Mach n s of which is not quite apparent . In y Diary “ Camden S ociet P u blica tio s 1 The n . 2 : ( y , p 4 ) we read ’ v i S born d whe r u e n s j day of August was uttun y , the Q ’ d d l ii n hte s m We stu n s grase y y j yg afor, that was aster z m plase . Again Eli abeth was certainly there in Septe 1 1 m arn ham m ber 59 , on her way fro F to Rich ond, and f m O Sir . U n ton we have a letter hers to H , a bassador “ S S in France, given under our ignet at utton near ” G 1 1 m 1 uildford, th Nove ber 59

1 Lose l e MSS . Re v . . . e e 18 . I n o de to his y , by A J K mp , 3 5 r r fill public offi ce of sh e riff S ir H e n ry was c ompe lle d to con fo rm to the Eliz abe than “ e e n an d o n we fi n d he e e on of o e e n e r gim , acc rdi gly that mad a d clarati b di c to th e A ct of U n iformity of Comm on P raye r an d Obse rvan ce of the ”— - l n a r e 0 h S e n s . Ca e d 1 8 . 8 t e e e n 2 8th acram t , Elizab th, 54 7 , p 3 4 , dat b i g o 6 N ve mbe r 15 9 . 2 ’ N hol s s P ro resses o ueen Eliza bet/z d ic . 86 an g f Q , chap . i p . , chap . iii . 3 . 12 1 e Fee d. xvi. 12 2 p . Rym r, chap . p . .

- a » 116 ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOU SE c . many notices Of his acting as magistrate in formal matters . It seems almost certain that Sir Henry Weston was a Old 1 6 secret supporter of the faith . In 5 9 a letter is s Sir i h- S ff S addre sed to Henry, then H g heri for urrey, by Sir T m C S m one ho as opley of Gatton, who igns hi self “ ” 1 your loving neighbour and assured pore friend, in ’ which Sir T homas begs his loving neighbour s protection

and help under the persecution to which he was exposed . “ Now this Sir Thomas Copley was a Popish recusant m u m of the ost prono nced kind, ost dangerous to ’ Elizabeth s government ; he retired to the Spanish m S m Netherlands, and ulti ately joining the panish ar s, an d served in war against his country and Queen, died m him in 1584 . Letters of arque were granted to by ’ e V Reques ns, Philip s iceroy, in which he is styled Don T m O le u s - Of ho as C p . I t was the great granddaughter Sir T m C m ho as , Mary opley, who ulti ately brought the Of W m estates Gatton to the estons, when she arried, in 6 W - 1 Sir . 3 7, John eston, the great grandson of Henry It is melancholy that no evidence can be found that Sir Henry drew or Offered his sword in the great struggle which Elizabeth waged with the foreign powers for her 1 8 - 88 T life and nation, 5 4 . here is rather evidence to m . Sir the contrary Henry was not ore than ﬁfty, and

. 1 8 had yet seven years of life At the end of May 5 4 , whilst the murder of Elizabe th and invasion was im m m s inent, j ust one onth before the a sassination of the W m I S t t great illia of Orange, it was ordered, 3 May, hat 10 0 0 men S should be raised in urrey, and the following — captains of 2 50 men e ach were named Sir Henry W ir T T C S . Sir . Sir eston , arew, Browne, George 1 M S 18 1 Lose l e S . 2 2 y , 3 5, pp . 4 , 4 3 . SI R HENRY WESTON 117

“ Sir W More but it is recorded that Henry eston , mm having great occasion to be in the North this su er, W desires to be discha r ed a s ca ta in . m g p , and Gresha was

Sir . m . . appointed in his roo (Manning , iii p H Weston ’ s name does not after this appear in the official S m records of urrey, nor is he entioned in the story of the m 1 88 Ar ada, 5 . 1 A gain in 159 1 the re is recorded an order to search Sutton be House for concealed priests, and to ﬁnd one Morgan, ? lie ve d to be there concealed under a false name Sir W 1l th 1 2 Henry eston died April 59 , at the age ﬁft - m of y seven , having ade his will the year preceding,

16 1 2 . which was duly proved, th May 59 In it there is no trace Of the Catholic profession so obvious in the will ir The m of S Richard . Queen is na ed as Defender of The S the Faith . knight is described as of utton , in the W : irst—I mm parish of oking, and goes on F co end m m Go d Son C y soul to Al ighty and to His Jesus hrist, m S m r y aviour and Redee e , and to the Holy Ghost, Thr ee Persons and one God ; most humbly beseeching the most Holy and blessed Trinity to have mercy on my m Off soul , and to pardon and forgive y sins and ences ; that I ma m y after this utable life ende with the Elect, and have the life and fruition of the Godhead by the ” death and passion of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ . This is evidently the writing of a man who has before his eyes the Thirty- nine Articles of Religion and the service

w . book of Ed ard VI . , as now by law was established It Of m is the language the Judicious Hooker, nay, al ost it m ight seem OfJeremy Taylor or John Milton .

1 H st M m i . SS Com u 6 . . v . 4 9 . 2 “ I n the will of S ir H e n ry is the gift of a m ourn in g ri n g to his coze n o n M rga . - 118 ANNAL S OF AN OLD MANOR HOU SE e n . There is not the slightest reason to suppose that this edifying and somewhat Calvinistic formula was at all the m Of m co position the gallant knight hi self. He is as little responsible for the sonorous benedictions as he is for the e 1 0 l gal verbiage of the bequests that follow . In 59 it would have been most dangerous to deny that the Q ueen as man w Defender Of the Faith . And a who was k nown “ o r Sir T m C as the loving neighb u of ho as opley, the

recusant, rebel, and traitor, and whose house had just m been searched for a concealed priest, ight naturally leave the drafting of his will to the learned doctors Of the Court

of Arches , whose business it was . His own last words can be as little taken literally as those Of his father on the ff sca old . The will directed that the testator should be buried in C Of T the hapel the Holy rinity, where his grandfather O had been laid exactly ﬁfty years before, which had pened m T for his own other just ten years before . here were W W C gifts to the poor of Guildford and oking, est landon m S . and Merrow, end and Ockha S He gives to his wife various chattels , heep, cattle, m m m ’ horses , and one coach which was y Lady, y other s , ” with all the furniture therewith belonging, and two “ - r Of m coach horses, six feather beds whe eof one the to

be the bed that I now lie on . He gives to his wife one r i half of his plate, and the jugs of ivo y bound w th ribs Of silver, and the one half of his linen , and the furniture “ ’ of the chamber known as my Lord Of Leicester s C m ” ha ber, and he gives to his wife for her life all the T m furniture of his house at Clandon . here are nu erous S gifts to servants, a gift of personalty at utton to his son - Sir K n ve tt Richard, legacies to his half brothers , Henry y

- T m K n ve tt . and ho as y , and to his half sister Lady Dacres

C H A P T E R V I

S I R CH D STO T H E C T ST 16 1 - 2 R I A R WE N, A GR I UL UR I , 3 5

S I R W STO H E NRY E N, the heroic knight and defender of C r r alais, in which fort ess his grandfathe had so long held Ofﬁ Sir ce, was succeeded by his son , the second Richard, 1 6 m who was born 5 4 , and who was knighted by Ja es I . W 2 rd on his accession at hitehall, 3 July He m arried Jane, daughter of John Dister of Bergholt, Essex, ? 2 th 1 8 S m 16 1 7 May 5 3 He died epte ber 3 , and was T C G interred in rinity hurch, uildford, his wife surviving W C him until 16 25 she was buried at est landon . H is m life see s to have been absolutely uneventful, both in the f m history O his country and of his own fa ily . He was succeeded by his eldest son , the third Richard, fourth in

1 ’ Nichol s s P ro resses ames I . vol . . 2 1 . A s is e n o n e s . g q , i 5 w ll k w , Jam I made kn ighthoo d compulsory on all ge n tle me n of an ade quate e s tate an d in e f o e e n his ca n n y way tre ate d it as a sourc o r yal r v u e . 3 P s e s e o f e s C n on S e . ari h R gi t r W t la d , urr y I R W T THE C T ST 12 1 CH v1 S . S . R E ON, AGRI UL URI

s r m 1 1 de cent f o the founder, who was born in 59 , and

- was thus twenty two on his accession to the estate . The Sir a man r third Rich rd was a of enterp ise, who m Of passed uch his life abroad in Flanders, where it is

as C t . r said that, a a holic, he was educated He int oduced many agricultural and industrial i mprovements into a 16 Engl nd . In 2 2 he was knighted at Guildford by 1 m I 16 1 Ja es . In 4 , doubtless to carry on his canal m T m C m sche e, he sold e ple ourt Far , at Merrow, with m W C Sir the ansion at est landon, to Richard Onslow, M P S r m . . for u rey in the Long Parlia ent, and a stout m T C Parlia entarian . his was the origin of the landon ? estates Of the Earls Of Onslow 16 Of In 4 5, the year of the battle Naseby, in the

m Of . Sir W idst the civil wars, Richard eston published m m anony ously a very re arkable book on agriculture, in which he detailed a system that effected a practical

1 n n n an d B 8 Ma i g ray, iii . p . 9 . 2 Durin g the abse n ce of S ir Richard We st on abroad it is said that S utton e was o e A n n Co n e ss of n e o of H o Plac ccupi d by , u t Aru d l, wid w Philip ward ,

e e s son of the o D e of o o who was e e e in 1 2 . ld t f urth uk N rf lk , b h ad d 57 i of n e was n e in 1 0 an d ie in the To e is Ph lip, Earl A ru d l , attai t d 59 , d d w r, it o o son in 1 fe w e s a o in n so e e on s th ught by p i , 594 . A y ar g , maki g m alt rati “ in S on e e e was o n on e e e xe e n n e Co n e ss e utt Plac , a d d f u d c c al d , cut d by A , u t ” Do e of n e e 1 h 6 1 The s o n o t 1 2 . wag r Aru d ll, dat d 3 A pril uth bay wi d w has the s of Fitzal an se e n ee n E of n e e n (light 3 ) arm , v t th arl A ru d l , quart ri g d il le C n e s o s s n e n e an d Wi v . O is s e o , lu , Maltrav r bvi u ly thi a impl c i cid c , was on e o e the e of A n n o of P H o in 16 2 1 l g b f r tim , wid w hilip ward , . It he e M i h s e s o t Co SS . n t e os es s on of o d Co e e o n e app ar fr m k , p i L r wp r at M lb ur H in 16 1 the Co n ess se n for s n o on on to e n all , that 9 u t t a phy icia fr m L d att d he r n C e s Ho who was s e ze as o see gra dchild , harl ward , i d , it w uld m , with e on s an d who e S on P e The e Co n e ss o e o p rit iti , di d at utt lac . ag d u t wr t fr m ” e n e e se e ou se n s ee the e s o o be The th c I b ch y d with p d b t d ct r may had . s n who m e o n an d who e n e the an d on e d the phy icia ca d w , att d d child c duct ostm ortem was the s o s H e e n the e of his p , illu tri u William arv y, th at h ight o n h o e e of h e . We s o n t e o s t e r putati mu t c u t imm rtal di c v r r circulati on o f he oo as on s the s o e s on who e s e in the o se t bl d am g t hi t rical p r s hav tay d h u . 12 2 S - S CH ANNAL OF AN OLD MANOR HOU E .

m revolution in British far ing . In the valuable historical sketch preﬁxed to the article on “ Agriculture ” in the

E n c clo aedia B rita n ic n a . . . 2 th . y p , vol i p 97 (9 edition), Mr W . m m l J ilson, the e inent authority on far ing, dec ares ’ “ tha t Sir Richard s little volume marks the dawn of the vast improvements which have since been effected in ” W m . m Britain Mr . ilson akes the natural istake of Sir Sir W confounding our Richard with Richard eston , m m m his kins an, the a bassador, and afterwards inister as Earl of Portland ; but he speaks of him as having the m ’ erit of being the ﬁrst to introduce the great clover,

as it was then called, into English agriculture about 16 4 5, and, probably, turnips also . His directions for the ” cultivation of clover are better than was to be expected . The result was astonishing . In less than ten years after W “ its introduction, says Mr . ilson , the cultivation of m m clover, exactly according to the present ethod, see s ” to have been well known in England . It is interesting

to the present writer, as he pens these words, to note in “ r C Of St. the high Mano Field, by the hapel Edward, one of the most magnificent crops of red clover in blossom 0 0 m to be seen in the county . After 4 years of stor y history the deserted and ruinous manor for which Roger Bigod and his peers had contended was to be the nursery of scientific agriculture in Great Britain . Sir Richard introduced into England from his foreign s m experiences other grasses , and al o the syste atic cultiva tion of turnips . He was the first, we are told, to cultivate The m turnips as a cattle crop . i portance of this cannot - W E B rit m . n c . . . be over esti ated . As Mr ilson says ( y i “ the introduction of turnips a s a fi eld crop consti tu te s one of the most marked epochs in British agri ” i . S r culture Richard was an enthusiast for agriculture,

12 - H 4 ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOU SE C . dignity of its rhythm remind one of a tiro whose ideal Hartlib was the epistle to Mr . on education . It is a real m “ I . O : son n es testa ent or last will It pens thus My , have left this short ensuing T reatise to you as a Legacy m S if I shall not live y selfe, to how you (what therein is m m written) by exa ples, which I know instruct far ore r m then precepts ; yet precepts f o a dying father, instructing of his children what he hath seen and known and received information of from witnesses free from all m m m exceptions, should ake such an i pression on the , as at least to believe their father writ what he thought was true ; and therefore suppose those things worthy to be m m put in practice by the , which he hi self would have him done, if it had pleased God to have granted Life and — Liberty and ﬁve or S ix lines more before the verbose old knight can end his sentence . He then goes on to show how his method will i mprove barren and heathy land by ways commonly r r p actised in B abant and Flanders , but unknown in m England, and lead to a noble aug entation of an estate . T man hat is worthy of praise and honour, who being po ssessor of a large and barren demesne constrains it by his

labour and industry to produce extraordinary fruit, which redounds not only to his own particular proﬁt, but also

. C m to the public beneﬁt ato saith, it is a great sha e man a to a , not to leave his inheritance gre ter to his m ” successors than he received it fro his predecessors . He says the Object of all me n is to get land and to cultivate it . He waxes eloquent, if not extravagant, like m all projectors, over the vast proﬁts to be ade by his T S system . By this little reatise you hall learn how to do more than treble your principal in one year’ s compass and you S hall see how an industrious man in Brabant and R W T THE C T v1 SI . S ST 12 R E ON, AGRI UL URI 5

Flanders would bring 50 0 acres of barren and heathy land that was not worth at the most abo ut £5 a year to m ” be worth £70 0 0 a year in less ti e than seven years . 1 m m Land worth £ 4 an acre, or at odern co putation of m 0 m T oney, about £7 per annu ruly the knight is an s The S enthusia t . estate of utton has no very rich soil at : m all the water eadows are fairly good, but the upper

lands are of the Bagshot sand, with patches of clay . Some of the land is exceedingly poor and it is interesting to ﬁnd one of the great revolutions in British agriculture m Of ade on one the poorer soils . “ m ” “ You ust not expect, says the knight, either m eloquence or ethod in this ensuing treatise, but a true story plainly set forth in the last will and testament of

your father, which he would have you execute ; but before all things to be sure you lay the foundation of u m yo r husbandry upon the blessing of Al ighty God, continually imploring His Divine aid and assistance in all

your labours ; for it is God that gives the increase, and r believing this as the quintessence and soul of Husband y,

P rimum ua rite R e n um D ei et ostea hae c omn ia g g , p a d icien tu r v obis : T m j hese things being brieﬂy pre ised,

I will leave the rest to this short ensuing treatise, and commit you all with a father’ s blessing to the Protection m ” and Providence of Al ighty God . All this, except for

the use of the Vulgate instead of the Authorised Version , m m m Hartlib ight have co e fro Milton , , or any other Puritan and it is curious as written in the height Of the W Civil ar by a Catholic Royalist . Sir Richard tells us that he went abroad, after thirty ’ r th e years expe ience in husbandry (that is, in ﬁrst year C W m m of the ivil ars ) , having i proved his land as uch as any man in this kingdom hath done both by ﬁre and - H 12 6 ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOU SE C .

’ bu t fo u n d water, he was to learn a new lesson in Brabant T o r C and Flanders . his Arthur Young, rather oke of m Holkha , of the seventeenth century, tells us how he t landed at Dunkirk , went hence to Bridges (Bruges ) , a 0 m G 2 distance of 4 iles ; thence to aunt ( Ghent) , 4

m . iles distant, and so to Antwerp He found the cultiva

tion of flax the wealth of Flanders, and he describes his B ores m m talk with the , so they ter their far ers ( Boers) . “ r One ac e of good flax, he says , is worth four or five ” acres of the best corn . He carefully studies the raising

- of flax, clover grass , and turnips . He declares that clover 12 rm is worth £ per acre, and he insists on the eno ous m - profit to be ade by cultivating clover grass, turnips, and “ ” ! r flax . Regina Pecunia he cries to his child en, m T Monie is the Queen that com ands all . his was no doubt the root idea of the founder of the Weston family ; but what a change in the hundred years which Sir m r separate the third Richard fro his grandfathe , the Of C Sir - gallant soldier alais, Henry, and his great grand r Sir father , the wild courtie , Francis But the knight is a genuine enthusiast and he closes “ his testament thus : Besides the excessive profit you mm m will reap by sowing these co odities, i agine what a pleasure it will be to your eyes and scent to see the russet heath turned into greenest grass ; which doth p roduce most sweet and pleasant Honeysuckles ; and what praise and reputation you will gain by your m exa ples, first introducing that into your country, which m being followed by others, ust needs redound to the mm general benefit of the whole co onwealth . I do by my Will command you for to execute no more than m -m what I would yself to orrow put in practice, if I had Liberty : you should then learn these things I have set

1 - 2 8 ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOU SE C H.

Holland, where we are told that he travelled in his youth . He ﬁnally resolved to introduce the invention into his m m own property . He began by aking a cut fro the river We y near Stoke Mill for the purpose of watering m m m m so e of his eadows, and he carried it so e 3 iles , e m 1 m gr atly i proving his property . He ade a lock at S m m tok e, and for ed the idea of aking the river navigable m W fro Guildford to eybridge . He entered into agree ments with most of the proprietors through whose lands the ca nal was to pass and so early as 16 3 5 he had been m m m na ed one of the Royal Co missioners for the sche e . Before the work had proceeded far the Civil War began and as Sir Richard Weston joined the Royalist

party, his estate was seized, and he was not allowed to m m co pound as any had been . Accordingly, he looked m out for a coadjutor on the Parlia entary side, and he him m Pitson m the m found in Ja es , a ajor in Parlia entary m mm 16 Pitso n C S . ar y, and a o issioner for urrey in 4 9 entered into an agreement to solicit the discharge of Sir ’ r Richa d s sequestration, and to apply for an Act of m Th Parlia ent to authorise the navigation . e petition was presented in the name of the Corporation of Guild Pitson 16 0 ford, , and another, and Acts were passed in 5 16 1 m The and 5 by the Long Parlia ent . capital was

6 0 0 0 Sir 0 0 0 . £ , of which Richard found £3 Thereupon Sir Richard went to work with extra m 20 0 me n m ordinary energy . He e ployed at a ti e, and pressed on the operations with such rapidity that in nine months he had ﬁnished 10 out of 14 miles of the canalised river (the new cuttings do not exceed more than 1 or 2 0 0 0 miles) . In doing this he expended £4 of his own

1 - T s o n is e o n n n . e n es . . hi acc u t abridg d fr m Ma i g, iii A pp dic L IV L VI , who ad ess to o e n ts an d e e s in osses s on of the h acc d cum d d p i family . v 1 SI R W ST THE C T ST 12 R . E ON, AGRI UL URI 9

m m 20 0 0 . oney, and used ti ber of his own to the value of He had thus expended £60 0 0 (which may be equal to 1 about and he agreed to raise another £ 0 0 0 . m 16 2 But in the idst of his labours he died, in May 5 , - Sir aged sixty one . After the death of Richard his younger son , George, ﬁnished it as far as the last lock, within 1 mile of its termination . But it was then taken Pitson m out of their hands by , who ﬁnished the re aining the m 16 part and navigation was opened in Nove ber 53 , just as the Protectorate of Oliver was about to succeed m the Long Parlia ent . The canalised We y from Guildford to Weybridge was m m 1 . now open for so e 4 iles It had ten locks, four

m . tu bling bays ( weirs) , and twelve bridges Its utility mm was i ediately proved, for it soon produced a revenue 1 0 0 m of £ 5 per annu , which on a capital of was 1 5 per cent . But the landowners were still unpaid, and a long course of litigation ensued, which lasted nearly m twenty years , and practically ruined the fa ily of the m 166 2 projector hi self, although in , at the Restoration , a Committee of the House decided that Sir Richard W 16 0 eston was the designer of the navigation . In 7 W Sir m John eston , the heir of Richard , sub itted to m m arbitration , and was released fro the incu brances 16 1 created on his estate, and in 7 a new A ct was passed

which settled the claims of the various litigants . “ ” “ T the hus, says historian of the county, after all o Sir h the lab ur, expense, and vexation incurred by Ric ard W m m eston and his fa ily, all the reco pense they obtained was to be discharged of the incumbrances incurred in

prosecuting the work, and the triﬂing privilege of lading and unlading their own goods on that land which they ” had dedicated to the public service . I t is the usual fate K 1 0 S - H 3 ANNAL OF AN OLD MANOR HOU SE C .

Of The inventors . canal proved of great public utility, m and is still in use, the ﬁrst of all the canals in our kingdo . ’ ir m S Richard s drea s of wealth were cruelly disappointed . The practical advices of his legacy were sounder than his cry of R egin a P ecun ia ! He left his estate greatly reduced and burdened to his children but he left to his

country lessons in husbandry of priceless value, and the first- fruits of an industrial revolution which, down to the a m l m age of ste oco otives, was the source of untold wealth and progress . S r e u r . According to Aubrey ( y, iii . p it was about 164 3 that Sir Richard introduced the grass called Non esu ch W S into the parish of orplesdon , part of the utton estate, along with the first clover - grass out of Brabant and “ m Flanders, at which ti e he also brought over the m contrivance of locks, turnpikes, and tu bling bays for m 16 0 rivers . He began the aking of the new river in 5 16 1 th or 5 , but he lived not to finish it, dying 7 May 16 2 Sir 5 . Richard, indeed, appears to have been occupied c m for a large part of his life with the s he e of the canal, and it seriously encumbered his estates and i mpoverished m 1 m f. 6 hi sel In 3 5, during the inistry of Laud, he was named member of the Royal Commission for the con

sideration of the project, but the Act was not obtained 16 0 C mm until 5 , under the o onwealth . A second Act

16 1. ff was passed in 5 By this, navigation was e ected T he m from London to Guildford . canal was not co pleted ’ m m in Sir Richard s lifeti e . It is a singular exa ple of m m devotion to industrial i prove ent that the knight, C m belonging to a atholic and Royalist fa ily, should have spent seventeen years in carrying through the We y canal isation m ffi sche e, and should have had su cient credit to i —ﬁ r m obtain o ﬂi cial sanction for t st fro Charles I . in the

S - S H 13 2 ANNAL OF AN OLD MANOR HOU E C . enemies of the Commonwealth but he escaped absolute com ruin after his sequestration, for which he did not 1 m m m pound . But two ofthe fa ily have their na es entioned in the records of the troubles ; nor does the slightest r m T he inj u y see to have befallen the house . hall with m its painted glass, crowded with crowns, itres, and garters, Of C and the devices royal personages, atholic bishops , and “ m ” m alignant peers, with the ar s and quarterings of Fitzalan s Pau le ts S C , , Howards, tanleys, opleys, and Bo u rchie rs m m C , the e ble s of atherine of Aragon and T S Bishop Gardiner, of Mary udor and Philip of pain, m C I . and a portrait of a king, said to be harles , re ains ’ untouched, although it is within a day s ride of Basing m m m House, and the scene of any a co bat in Ha pshire

and Berkshire . The account here given on the authority of Manning, m ma m who had access to fa ily papers, y be supple ented by the recent Ca len da r of the Committee for the Comp oun d - 8 - 6 6 0 S . 18 2 m in 1 . g , 4 3 , Rolls eries, 5 vols , 9 9 Fro the C mm m records of this o ittee, now for the ﬁrst ti e given W n S to the world, it appears that the esto s of utton Place ’ W m a were obstinate delinquents . illia Copley s est tes 16 0 were sequestered in 5 as a recusant, as were those of ’ m Sir W his two daughters, his heirs , arried to R . eston s 16 1 Sir W re two sons, also recusants . In 5 R . eston is

ported to be a Papist, a recusant, and delinquent . In June 165 1 his whole estate is sequestered as a Papist and - ﬁfth delinquent, allowing one to his wife and children . In 165 2 an order was made to permit Sir Richard to

- enjoy two thirds of his estate, if he can prove that he has

1 The Catal o ue the Lords Kn i hts a n d en tlemen who hav com oun ded g of , g , G e p

r their sta tes Th n e on on 16 a d e o E . D n n e C es e 1 f , ri g , L d , 55, r pri t d , h t r, 7 3 3 , n n e s on of on P e d oes ot give a y W t Sutt lac . v I W T THE T T 1 r S R R . S C S E ON, AGRI UL URI 3 3

committed no act of delinquency since 164 8 ; and this 8 16 2 he did in April of that year . B ut, th July 5 , it is

certiﬁed that he is dead ; and, his widow refusing the - oath of abjuration , two thirds of her jointure is to be W . m sequestered John eston , the son , see s to have borne m ar s for the King, as also did his brother George, and to

have been taken prisoner at Colchester . The house was no doubt spared because, lying wholly m ’ within the sphere of the Parlia ent s power, and close to G r o o r uildford, a stronghold of the Pu itan party, no pp tu n ity was left to the owners of Sutton to raise the royal

. m standard Being an utterly indefensible private ansion ,

and not castellated, it could not be regarded by either m C side as a ilitary post . ertain it is that during the whole of the Civil Wars the Westons of Sutton busied m m m the selves with their estates, their i prove ents , canal

- navigation, and clover grass ; they sold broad acres and acquired broad acres ; they were married and given in marriage ; and never meddled or appeared in any public m obsti part whatever, whether civil or ilitary, except as Sir W a ricu ltu r nate delinquents . Richard eston, the g

ist and scientiﬁc landowner, was in possession of the

estates for nearly forty years, and died quietly at the age - 16 2 of sixty one, in 5 , during the crisis which led to the C m Protectorate of Oliver ro well, and was buried with

T C . his ancestors in rinity hurch, Guildford His wife, C Grace, daughter of John Harper of heshunt, Herts , him m Re stora survived any years, and lived well into the

C . 6 he 16 . S tion of harles II , until 9 was buried at 2 8 th Guildford, February in that year . And at last the manor and hall of Sutton ﬁnally pass out of all touch

with the history and progress of England, and sink into m the si ple routine of an ordinary county estate . C H A P T E R V II

FROM T H E CI V I L W A RS TO TH E PR E S E NT TIM E

TH E 24 7 years which have glided by since the death of the famous agriculturist u ntil to- day need not occupy m e T any pag s . hey recount nothing but the even tenor m C . of an ordinary atholic fa ily As Richard, the fourth m Sir of that na e, the eldest son of Richard, the agri culturist, died in infancy, the estate was inherited by the 16 m second son , John , who in 3 7 had arried Mary, W m C a daughter and heiress of illia opley of G tton , near m Reigate, on who with her sister Anne had descended the considerable estates of the Copleys in Surrey and S m ussex, together with so e very ancient quarterings in m m 1 which the Copleys see to have taken no s all pride .

1 was in n on of e e s the o en o s e e e It a ticipati marriag , p rhap , that p rt t u p digr of the e ston s n ow in the B s se was e e e n W , riti h Mu um , pr par d by Gart r Ki g

1 6 S -H S H 3 ANNAL OF AN OLD MANOR OU E C .

m see was executed about this ti e, or at least during the Sir W 16 1 - 2 long possession of Richard eston , 3 5 and in re all probability the glasswork of the hall was repaired, m C newed, and altered, and the nu erous lights with opley m T coats of ar s were inserted . hese were, no doubt , m ff m m brought fro Gatton or Ro ey, for any of the , and

also the escutcheons on panel, are obviously of sixteenth ,

and not of seventeenth century work . It is plain that the coat in the panelled hall over the ﬁreplace there (see W . m m C chap showing the ar s of eston i paling opley, m 1 T 6 . is of the date of the arriage, 3 7 his was also, no ’ bu ildin b f doubt, the period of the g the second or western

quadrangle, which is certainly no part of the original 1 1 design of 5 2 . It is worth noting that during this period the royal mansion of Woking on the We y was pulled down by m m the Zouch fa ily, to who it had been granted by m 16 2 m Ja es I . in 0 ; and it has been suggested that so e O m a of the lder frag ents of p inted glass, especially the ma royal devices in the two bays , y have been brought r m W m f o oking about this ti e . As to the coats of the C m Of opleys with their quarterings, so e which are evi de n tl e . y ﬁne early work ( g . window V I . it is quite as probable that they record some visit or other connection Sir C ff with Roger opley of Gatton , the sheri of the

county about the date of the foundation of the house .

However, the three escutcheons on panel, with the m m T . O. onogra , could only have been brought in after 16 C m 3 7 by the heiress of the opleys, and so e of the glass m has doubtless the sa e origin . It will be noticed that there are in the hall windows alone no less than eight

Copley coats with their quarterings . W C ith the opley alliance, the sale of the estate and vu FROM CIVIL WARS TO PRESENT TIM E 13 7

m C a m Of We ansion at l ndon , and the co pletion the y n W S m ca al, the estons of utton see to have taken a new 16 W departure . In 54 John eston and Mary his wife The a . sold the estate of G tton (Manning, ii old S m co m house at utton beca e their only seat, and was le l h te . T e p y renovated and altered eastern wing, which the destruction of the gatehouse by ﬁre had made more

or less inaccessible, except through the great hall, was Th as . e probably abandoned a residence western wing, n f in the original pla the o ﬁces , was now converted into the residential part of the quadrangle ; and a new quad

rangle was built out on the west of it, between the ffi The original house and the garden, to serve as o ces . coat of arms which Aubrey saw “ in the parlor ” about 16 73 was till lately in the panelled hall, which was thus n ow in the western wing of the house . It is placed over the broad staircase and perhaps the three crosses moline on the parapet of the south side of the house were of this T date, and were rudely inserted in the udor ogee niche .

A portrait, stated to be that of John , the husband of C Mary opley, is in the hall, together with that of W m C ’ illia opley, his wife s grandfather, a picture dated

16 20 ee ta tis sum W l m C , , ( il ia opley, the elder,

was born in John, to judge by his portrait, was m ff a very ild and ino ensive person, who looks as if he would rather not be asked to make up his mind . H e him was in possession of the estate, like his father before ,

for nearly forty years, all through the Protectorates of C m Oliver and of Richard ro well, the Restoration of

m . C . the harles I I , reign of Ja es II , and the Revolution 8 W 16 . of 9 hatever John thought, history knows nothing of what John did . He paid his dues quietly, and kept ‘ his estate together . He was gathered to his fathers in 1 8 S - S E C H 3 ANNAL OF AN OLD MANOR HOU .

T C W m rinity hurch, Guildford, in the reign of illia and 16 0 was C 16 Mary in 9 , as his wife, Mary opley, in 94 , - she being seventy four . Thus in the 170 years since the grant of the estate

there had been only ﬁve owners in possession , with an - W m average tenure of thirty four years . hat tre endous changes had taken place in England in those 170 years disa e azan ce m the change of religion , the pp of feudalis , m m . I t 1 20 new anners, fresh odes of life 5 there were I l living me n who had fought in the ars of the Roses . 16 0 S In 9 Newton , Addison , and wift were in active career ; and yet the old place of Sutton was scarcely t T he changed, ei her within or without . quadrangle m stood untouched, just as the conte poraries of Holbein T and revisano had fas hioned it in the age of Francis I . The S owners of utton clung to the old religion, and maintained the mass in their ancient chapel and amidst the revolutionary fervour of Jacobites and Orangemen m they gazed silently on the hel ets, the halberds, and C escutcheons in the hall, where atherine, the daughter of C Ferdinand, the atholic, had been entertained, where W C m . Henry V III . had conferred with olsey and ro well The house and its belongings remained a solid bit of Catholic and feudal England in the midst of Protestant W and hig . ’ C John s son by Mary opley was Richard, ﬁfth and m m last of that na e, of who we know even less than of m W m John, his father . He arried Melior, daughter of illia 1 0 1 Nevill of Holt, Leicestershire and dying in 7 , after was G a tenure of only eleven years , buried at uildford,

h . 2 t . 5 April He left the estate to his only son, John m m John, the second of that na e, and the last heir ale Of of the blood the founder, was in possession for nearly

0 - S C H 14 ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOU E .

“ C 2 th 1 11 am m writes to aryll, 5 June 7 I just infor ed that the tyrant [John Weston] is determined instantly I sh to remove his daughter from the lady . wi to God W ’ off Sir . G o rin S m it could be put by [ gJ ediation, for I am heartily afraid it will prove of very ill consequence to The her . child was Melior Mary, the last descendant m of the founder, then aged eight . Pope hi self was only - u twenty three when he rushed into this domestic q arrel . “ C 2n d 1 1 1 He tells aryll, August 7 , that it was her ill i e W fate to be cast as a pearl before swine, . . John eston . W ’ Pope writes frequently on Mrs . eston s behalf, and even quarrelled with his own relations because they did not ’ fﬁ The take up the lady s part with su cient eagerness . youthful poet me t the proverbial fate of those who

interfere in quarrels matrimonial . He writes to Caryll in 8 m 1 12 W the year following, th Nove ber 7 . Mr . [eston] is gloomy upon the matter— the tyrant meditates revenge m nay, the distressed da e herself has been taught to suspect ” a I served her but by h lves, and without prudence . Very

likely, indeed and one cannot but feel that the distressed a dame m y have been the more prudent of the two . But Pope’ s passion seems to have outlived the lady ’ s 1 S m 1 1 coolness . For, ﬁve years later, 3 th epte ber 7 7, he writes to Martha Blount with this curious outburst of ill a o u rn e m humour . He speaks of j y having ﬂed fro the face ( I wish I could say the horned face) of Moses [in — W Mr. the original it stood eston], who dined that day ’ ” at my brother s . ’ The young poet s devotion to the lady must have been We one of the few romances of his life . can hardly doubt that he had known the husband and wife before the

quarrel, and there is every probability that he had been m a visitor at Sutton Place . It is hardly fanciful to i agine T T 1 1 vn FROM CIVIL WARS TO PRESEN IME 4 that the author of The R ap e of the Loch once meditated ’ W W Sir couplets in Lady eston s alk, where young Francis once flirted with the beauties of Anne Boleyn ’ s ma court, and where Elizabeth y have listened to the e rie s flatt of Raleigh . It seems clear from a note of Pope ’ s appended to his W letter to Mrs . eston that she was the original of the d The m Unfi rtu n a te La y . story of the poe was pure W m i magination . Mrs . eston was separated fro her She husband, but she returned , and lived in peace . did m not die abroad, friendless , and by suicide, but in the boso m m . of her fa ily, by natural causes, and in her own ho e She m G was , in fact, buried in the fa ily vault in uildford in ’

1 2 . 7 4 , eleven years after Pope s outburst But when we recall the tragedies that have befallen the Westons of S m utton Place, there is a new eaning in the curse which the poet pours out (verses 3 0 -4 6)

O n the n s e e n e n s all li e a udd n v g a ce wait , ” n me s th e Thus u l a nte d pa s proud away . C ertain it is that Melior Mary, daughter and sole heir of W . She John eston, was the last of her race gave her ancestral estate to another family of Weston : they also m are extinct in the ale line . W 1 0 John eston died in June 73 , having lived well

1 2 . into the reign of George II . his wife had died in 7 4 B oth were buried in Guildford . He left the estate to his - daughter, Melior Mary, then aged twenty seven . A very pleasing portrait of this lady at a rather earlier date hangs

. 1 2 . in the hall Its date is 7 3 , when she was aged twenty

And, though she had beauty as well as acres , and, accord m m “ ing to her onu ent, superior understanding and ” m distinguished virtues, she lived and died un arried and 1 2 S - S C H 4 ANNAL OF AN OLD MANOR HOU E . in solitary possession of her ancient patrimony for ﬁfty The m m two years . lady, as asses of fa ily papers testify, m m was a ost energetic, industrious wo an of business, and seems to have been constantly engaged in complicated She litigation . apparently did nothing to alter and hardly m in m anything to repair her ansion , which she see s to m She 1 8 2 have lived in great retire ent . died in June 7 at - T C the age of seventy nine, and was buried in rinity hurch , G m m uildford, where a onu ent with an elaborate record m of her erits was placed by her grateful successor . Melior Mary was the last survivor of the blood of the W founder . Her aunt, Frances eston, whose portrait, in m the Lely style (about hangs in the hall, had arried W m W ff illia ol e of Great Haseley, who was a son of John W lff co- o e of Great Haseley by Ann , daughter and heiress Sir Pin che on W of John, son of Edward of rittle, by his The wife, Dorothy, sister of the ﬁrst Earl of Portland . Wo lffes of Great Haseley were thus descended from Sir W the S Richard eston , the founder, through Frances, ister W m W S 1 of John eston, the last ale eston of utton ; and m W they were also descended fro the estons of Essex, the W senior branch of the estons of Prested Hall, both m W S m fa ilies, like the estons of utton, clai ing descent W W d m m Liz zar m . fro Ha on de eston of eston under , te p

Henry II . The Wolffes m the s , then , during the iddle of la t

1 F n es the o n e s s s e of o n e s on e d o ffe ra c , y u g t i t r J h W t , marri William W l

1 0 0 I t is o s t T. Be n olt C e n e x n of s o n about 7 . curi u tha , lar ci u K—i g Arm , f u d f Wo in the of S on the o e at an e arlie r date the arm s o lf? hall utt all m r that - t the s of o fe as e e o n e e e s on H . th e y are n o arm W lf quart r d by J h W hb W t ( 7 ,

Co e e of s S u ther an d s e of . A s e n Be n ol t the s ll g Arm , y I l Wight) giv by , arm ’ n or o e s e s e se as the n i on s of dis play n e ith e r w olve s w lv h ad ra d , all ma y var ati Wo k do are e st an d o o n es s ix e s lf but quart rly, ﬁr f urth (with ut ti ctur ) , mull t ,

ee two an d on e . thr , ,

1 - S H 4 4 ANNAL S OF AN OLD MANOR HOU E C .

This within a few weeks he did ; and on 6 th July 178 2 a proper license was granted and duly recorded by osse comita tu s Garter and the rest of his p , authorising John We bbe to take and bear the name and arms of W W eston . He was thenceforward styled John ehbe Weston of Sutton Place the arms of Weston being thus “ z m : Ermin e a ure bla oned Ar s , on a chief z , ﬁve ’

. C : S bezants rest on a wreath of the colours , a aracen s head couped at the shoulder, the tongue hanging out a m a r en t a z u re proper, wreathed bout the te ples, g and , to r We bbe u les be borne singly or quarte ly with being g , ” or. : ffn i boro a cross between four falcons, Motto m lh C l Voi o . ( ollege of Ar s, f , i John We bbe - Weston possessed the estate for forty-one years ; and during his tenure many changes were made

To the M e m ory of M e li or Mary We ston of S on P e in the o n of S e S n s e utt lac c u ty urr y, pi t r This Marble was e re cte d as a tribute of s i n ce re re s pe ct an d gratitud e by J ohn We bbe Weston of S arn e sﬁe l d Co in the o n of H e e o Es urt c u ty r f rd , q . Who in pu isu an ce of he r last will an d be qu e st s uccee d e d to he r n ame an d estate s She was the last imme diate de scen da n t of an illustriou s Family which ﬂourishe d in thi s coun ty for n s e ss e e n e on s an d ma y ucc iv g rati , with the ample possessi on s of the ir an ce st ors i n herite d th e ir supe rior un d e rstan di n g an d distin guishe d virtues obn t 10 un ii DCC XXX art , J , M L II , . 7 9 .

R . I . P . vrr FROM CIVIL WARS TO PRESENT TIME

m in the house, but fortunately any others which he had W projected were abandoned . Mr . eston at once pro ce e de d to pull down the ruinous gatehouse and the whole building that connected the east with the west T wing on the north S ide of the quadrangle . his was m 1 8 2 acco plished in 7 , as the bills of the contractor, W 1 m S . T illia Brooks of London , how here can be no question that the house gains in comfort by opening the r t 8 1 quad angle to the nor h . A quadrangle only feet 0 60 square and 3 5 feet high, with a tower of about 5 or

feet on one side and a vast roof on the other, never could ? have been quite airy or light The removal of the north tower and wing greatly improved the comfort and convenience Of the house though there is a tradition in m e r m the fa ily that George III . , wh n returning f o a stag s hunt, was shown over the house in the ab ence of the “ ! . owner, and then said, Very bad, very bad tell Mr Weston the King says he must build it up again l ” If

1 V o n o s s o e n s s e on s an d e s es e n to lumi u bill , d cum t , p ciﬁcati , timat r lati g the o s are s in the ossess n n o of F . H S w rk till p i . alvi . 2 The e le vati on of the n orth wi n g an d gate h ou se as seen from within is e x e o e in e e n s n e an d e actly r pr duc d a car ful archit ctural drawi g, ig d dat d “ on o f n m as an F S on i co . S s oo 2 2 1 0 o n o fe r t utt urry it t d , J . , 7 5 , J h W lf

e . 1 Fe b. F on f n o s h o a n d liu 7 r t o S utto t ward t e C urt s it s tood Ja . h 2 2 1 0 t e e s 6 ft . The Co s e , 7 5 , littl pillar 75 high , 5 . diam urt quar ” e x s e of the se T e se n s s o the n e was clu iv ba . h drawi g h w that quadra gl pe rfe ctly s ymm e trical ; on e give s the n orth e rn (outsid e ) vie w of the gat e o se an d on e es the so e n n s e e of the s e The e x on h u , giv uth r (i id ) vi w am . h ag al e s e e e s e the s e as ose n ow s n n on the so n turr t w r pr ci ly am th ta di g uth wi g,

are so 6 1 ee e e e e The of the e n o which al 7 } f t high, 5 f t diam t r . arch gat way i t the o se e s The e o se t ee s o es the o e c urt m circular. gat h u had hr t ri , l w r n o of e s the two e n o s of o s On e s e wi d w ight light , upp r wi d w f ur light . ach id o f the e e e ee n o s n o the e s an d e s in s gat way w r thr wi d w u if rm with a t w t w g . The n is e e n o n o fe s o s n of e o the drawi g vid tly by J h W lf , ﬁr t c u i M li r Mary, th en o n e who e e en on e n the e o of the n e w r , may hav b c t mplati g r m val rui d - S C H 14 6 ANNAL S OF AN OLD MANOR HOU E .

m His Majesty saw the gatehouse in course of de olition , his remark was natural ; but if he meant that the gate house and north wing added convenience to the house, W we cannot admire the royal taste . Mr . eston spent 20 0 0 0 0 0 between £ and £3 in repairs , restorations, and renewal of the house ; and these were finished in 1784 . Fortunately he did not carry out the monstrous pro m posal of Bono i , an Italian architect of repute in the m last century, who prepared a design to trans ute the house in a modern bastard Italian style . He wanted to m m introduce classical colu ns , pedi ents, and the like, and to convert the hall into a two - storied suite of modern m W c . was ha bers . Mr eston happily deterred by the m m S for idable esti ate of his advisers, and utton Place escaped a greater danger than it had ever run , even in 1 6 1 comrhotion s C the fire of 5 , or in all the of the ivil War The m and the Revolution . designs for the i prove ments ” —these truly atrocious monuments of Vandalism — are S . now in the possession of F . H . alvin W -W . e bbe 1 Mr eston inherited in 794, on the death the Sarn e sfi e ld of his cousin , Anne Monington, estate of C m ourt, in Herefordshire . He hi self died suddenly at 18 2 e h Hereford in 3 , leaving by his wife, Elizab t , only Sir daughter of John, the third son of John Lawson ,

. m m Bart , of Brough Hall, York, a nu erous fa ily . Eliza W 1 1 T beth eston died in 79 , and is buried in rinity C The . S hurch, Guildford present owner of utton, S l the Francis H . a vin , is son of Anna Maria ( daughter W -W of John ehbe eston and Elizabeth Lawson) , who in 18 0 0 m W m T m S C arried illia ho as alvin of roxdale, in m 1 Durha .

1 It is rath e r re markabl e that in the 3 0 2 ye ars which se parate the gra n t of 1 2 1 h f e e - e s o th 5 from t e d e ath o J . W hb W t n e e state had b e en h e ld in

- 14 8 ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOU SE CH . U pon her second marriage the Sutton estates passed T m We bbe - W 1 to ho as Monington eston , uncle of the C W m late aptain eston, for his life . He arried Mary W 18 T right, and died without issue in 57 . hereupon the male descendants of John Wehbe - Weston were W W C . . exhausted and by the will of aptain J J . eston the estates passed to his cousin , the present owner, S C C m Francis Henry alvin of roxdale, ounty Durha , a W m grandson of John ehbe, the devisee fro Melior Mary

in 178 2 . The windows with painted glass and coats of arms in

the east and west staircases , on the south front, were S 1 m . . 8 placed by F H alvin in 57, fro the designs of T Charles Buckler . hose in the east window give the names and dates and arms of the six owners of the estate W T Sir 1 1. after Henry eston, who died in 59 hose in m m the west window give the na es, dates, and ar s of the five owners since the estate passed to the Wehbe-Westons 1 8 2 m m Of in 7 . In each case they i pale the ar s their a D ister respective wives . Hence we find the co ts of ( married H a rp er (died Copley ( married Nev ill (about Gag e Lawson ( married 1778 ) Con sta ble ( married Gra ha m ( married Wa ldeg ra v e ( married Wright (about ( Sa lv in There are pictures in the house of the following m m the m — D oroth Aru n dell W e bers of fa ily y , Lady eston , 1 1 0 W llia m Co le 16 20 ohrt Weston 575 and 59 ; p y , ; 7 , ’ 16 m W m C 3 4 , who arried illia opley s granddaughter in 16 M llia m Wo 1 — 3 7 ; wof Haseley, died 73 9 portrait G Fra n ces Weston by iles Hussey ; , his wife (about 1 The We bbe - es on s n e e the S arn es fi e l d es e o n n e W t i h rit d tat fr m A , s n e an d e ess of o n on n on of Sarn es fi el d urvivi g daught r h ir J h M i gt . vn FROM CIVIL WARS TO PRESENT TIME 14 9

’ 1 20 ohn PVo aeta t. 7 ) y lﬁ , their eldest grandson ( eleven, by Giles Hussey Thoma s Wobbe ( died An n e Ta n cred ohn Webbe- M ston , his wife ; y , their son ,

1 8 2 . devisee of estates in 7 , and grandfather of F . H R A T . . S . alvin his picture is a pastel by Russell, , of W Mr. e bbe Guildford . It represents as a very young ’ man : it was exhibited with many of Russell s works at 1 8 Guildford in 8 7 . S m Francis H . alvin , on co ing into possession of the m estate, ade no structural alterations in the house, except S ix- m the insertion of two light windows with stone ullions ,

filled with painted glass, in the eastern and western stair The in S r cases facing south . eastern wing its lower to y S fire Of 1 6 1 had apparently been unused ince the 5 . But r r a po tion of the uppe story was fitted up as a chapel .

18 6 C St. In 7 the hapel of Edward was built on the site, Of m St. it is believed, the original ansion and castle of S E dward . It was founded by the late Miss alvin, who ? is there buri e d The house stands thus very nearly the same on the Sir 1 outside as it was when raised by Richard in 5 2 5 . It is indeed now far more li k e its original form S ince the m twelve ullioned windows, destroyed in the last century,

have been replaced . Of very few houses in England in the course of 3 70 years have the external walls been so T little altered . hat which has been so ruinous to the fo rtunes of the family has been the salvation of their

1 the s e e the on e was e s o e an d the e - o At am tim l g gall ry r t r d , t rra c tta on s o f the n s e e e e o s n s of the o n s The mulli wi d ow w r r plac d fr m ca ti g rigi al . ese n n - oo o e the e n was n e an d the n pr t drawi g r m , f rm rly kitch , arra g d , dividi g - f o n an d k e o e n e he n s o S R . A n e s t . wall chim y tac r m v d u d r pla N rma haw , , F e e H son en es s ee o f the o se H e e e e in 18 8 1 an d by r d rick arri , th l h u . di d th r , the o se has s n e e e n in the o on of his o an d of his s on s h u i c b ccupati wid w , w e n e an d S n e H son La r c id y arri . 1 0 S - S CH vn 5 ANNAL OF AN OLD MANOR HOU E .

C m house . As a atholic fa ily, constantly and stubbornly z m C m opposed to the Eli abethan, Parlia entarian , ro we llian m , Orange, and Hanoverian govern ents, the W m estons were excluded fro public life in England, and were constantly and heavily mulcted in their estates under the Test and Penal laws of the seventeenth and r T e ighteenth centu ies . hey thus had no resources where m m m with to odernise their fa ily ansion, or to vie with their Protestant neighbours in converting Gothic or W Jacobean piles into the style of ren , Vanbrugh, or — m Old Soane the ruthless destroyers of any a ﬁne court . A succession of very long tenures by some very quiet m m country gentle en and that excellent old aid, Melior S t Mary, and ince then a series of fortunate acciden s , have S m prevented the owners of utton fro destroying, as so m any squires throughout the country have done, the e m To v nerable ho e of their forefathers . touch it now, “ ” o m . to add to it, to restore it, would be a s cial cri e

Let us keep i ts bricks, its tiles , and , its painted windows m together as best we can, until the iserable day shall come when the elements shall have to themselves the ’ “ ” Wo lse s m m proud house of y ost hu ble servant, and the hall where Sir Richard was so careful of the grete ’ ” K n s carpete to lay under the y g fete .

1 2 S - S C H 5 ANNAL OF AN OLD MANOR HOU E .

conclusion seems to be that the house was erected between the date of the grant of the manor ( 15 2 1) and 15 2 7 ; probably on the return of Sir Richard Weston from the 1 war in France in 5 23 . The present house was built about a quarter of a mile m m - fro the site of the previous anor house, which stood ’ on the hill now occupied by St. E dward s Chapel and

C . Vine ottage Here, it is said, originally was the - C hunting lodge used by Edward the onfessor, when W S Lord of the Manors of oking and of utton , and the m - S ansion house of utton subsequently took its place . The survey taken at the death of Philip Basset, the Lord “ 12 0 as m of the Manor, in 7 , gives it a tene ent, contain

ing about one acre of land, of the yearly value of “ in the surveys of 13 29 and of 14 10 it is spoken of as a m T ruinous essuage, value races of the old house have been found in the ﬁeld south of the present m m the chapel . A clu p of birch trees arks the site of old m m . well, of which the re ains have been recently exa ined T his very ancient well under the clump of birch trees ’ St W has always been called . E dward s ell . Old encaustic The e tiles have been there found . ﬁeld is still call d the The . S Manor Field decay of the village of utton, now S G only represented by a few cottages on utton reen , probably followed the removal of the manor- house ea st wards to the banks of the We y and the extension of the C estates towards landon and Merrow, on the building of S Sir W 1 2 . the new utton Place by Richard eston, say in 5 5

s of se on o De e d 1 2 2 an d se on d D e of o o e arm c d L rd rby, di 5 ; c uk N rf lk , di d

1 2 so o f o s e on the of St. o s o who 5 4 ; al N ic la L pt , vicar N ich la , Guildf rd , ’ e 1 2 n n n s e of 1 2 o on e e to the fin o e on di d 5 7 . Ma i g dat 5 9 c uld ly r f r al c mpl ti of an e diﬁce which w ould re quire se ve ral ye ars to e re ct an d th e n to ad orn n d ss with woo dwork a gla . VIII THE HOU SE 153

The house, as originally built, consisted of a principal 8 1 an d quadrangle, enclosing a space of feet on each side, fronted by an arched gateway with a tower ﬂanked by S lofty hexagonal turrets . On the western ide is now 0 also an inner quadrangle, enclosing a space of about 5

0 Ofﬁ . C by 4 feet, with stabling and ces beyond areful examination shows that the smaller quadrangle on the r The west side is not pa t of the original ediﬁce . brick work and terra- cotta moulding of the base are traceable m all round the western wing, and the wall of the s aller m quadrangle is erely built up to and on it, and is not worked in with the original brickwork, as is the case m a T Obse rv with the angle of the ain quadr ngle . his is m - able both within the s aller quadrangle, at its north east j unction with the older building, as well as without . In

- — the old pen and ink drawing in the possession of Mr . The Salvin there is no second quadrangle . whole house — is built of brick and terra cotta, no stone whatever having m T been used in the construction or orna entation . his use of terra - cotta is one highly characteristic of the ’ builder s age ; it is found in one or two other contem 1 o rar m S p y exa ples , but it was hortly afterwards abandoned , m and did not reappear until very recent ti es . Sutton is one of the very earliest existing specimens of m m - the purely do estic ansion house, enti rely planned and constructed in an era when no purpose of defence was m m m thought of, and when odern ideas of do estic econo y W T had been fully developed . ith Layer Marney owers, C m Win ate s W in Essex, and o pton y , in arwickshire, 1 20 S m both built about 5 , utton Place re ains the earliest m - m exa ple of a non castellated do estic residence . In all m S the exa ples of houses built before the ixteenth century, 1 I n s B s o o an d e n e sse x particular, Ea t ar ham , N rf lk, Lay r Mar y, E . 1 S OF AN OLD - S c u 54 ANNAL MANOR HOU E .

Of m which Haddon Hall is a fa iliar instance, either existing castellated work was adapted or incorporated th e with the house, or house itself was planned with a view to military defence ? Down to the sixteenth cen m - m tury, ansion houses consisted ainly of a great hall used mm m for co on purposes, and a few separate cha bers for m m the aster and his fa ily, the rest of the ediﬁce consist - m r ing of k itchen , buttery, guard roo , bakehouse, brewe y, m and other outbuildings . At this date the roo s were not m regularly connected with each other . Access to the

was only possible by passing across the quadrangle, and the stories were reached by a succession of winding stairs So T in turrets and projecting angles . in hornbury C S C astle and udeley astle, in Gloucestershire, and other m S ansions of the ﬁfteenth century . At utton Place we ﬁnd a house planned with all the apartments recognised m m m s m by odern habits , so e forty in nu ber, large, y m m etrical, and unguarded windows, and all the cha bers

reached by passages and staircases , and not by circular The h stairs in turrets . large staircases , owever, are obviously more recent ; and there are traces of circular

staircases in the original work on the north wing only . It is accordingly an example of the modern mansion house of the class of which Hatﬁeld House and Longleat m m S . are plendid speci ens But it is uch earlier in date, and of an order of architecture differing radically from any Elizabethan or Jacobean work . It is one of the very few extant complete examples of the Gothic Renascence

V . style of the age of Henry III and Francis I . The revolution in habits an d ideas implied in the

1 He e C s e S ir e o f e Bo e n o o of on on v r a tl , built by G f r y l y , L rd May r L d , an d e - n e of e e n n n e Bo e n an d o e e he r e gr at gra dfath r Qu A l y , c mpl t d by fath r, was s on o e tr gly f rtiﬁ d .

1 6 - S CH 5 ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOU E .

English in style ; whilst there are occasional points of resemblance (arabesque and Raffae lle squ e ) to some of

. Sir the buildings of the age of Francis I . in France W Francis eston, the only son of the founder, who was 1 1I m born about 5 , was obviously na ed after the brilliant m French king . He is the only Francis in the fa ily . It

was a great building age, and one when England was brought into close relations with the artistic work of ’ Of France and Italy . Henry s visit to Francis at the 1 Field of the Cloth of Gold took place in 5 20 . As we Sir W have seen, Richard eston , the builder of the house, him 1 18 was one of the knights who attended . In 5 Weston had been one of the embassy sent to Paris to I r C a Francis . , and p obably saw the h teaux of the Loire m recently erected . Leonardo da Vinci was at this ti e m living at A boise . r m m On the othe hand, Henry VIII . had e ployed any r m V I I Italian wo k en, both on the chapel of Henry . W m e G m at est inster Abbey, and els where . irola o da ’ T re viz i was the King s architect, and he is said to have introduced terra - cotta o r moulded brickwork for

m . r orna ents . Mr Haywa d in his account of Layer 1 Marney quotes Dallaway in his notes to Walpole thus

Gi r o lamo da Tre vizi an d Ho lb e i n i n tr oduce d b oth te rr a cotta o r mou ld e d bri c kwo rk for ri c h o r n ame nts a n d me d al o n s or - e e s ﬁ e n s the s s e wo li , bas r li f x d agai t wall , p la t r rk laid o e the c w an d some me s n e as o w c v r bri k all , ti pai t d, at N r i h, an d e s o f two co o s ze a n d ace in squar brick l ur , highly gla d pl d ”

a o n a n e as e n e . di g l li s, at Lay r Mar y

1 “ ” e o es on e n e H sse x C es Archit ctural N t Lay r Mar y all , E , by harl

Fo s e H 186 2 in Tra n sa ction s o the E ssex A rchae o r t r ayward , , f l o ic l ciet ol a So v . . g y , . iii part i v111 TH E HOU SE 157

a All of these devices are found at Sutton Pl ce . And m mm m e Mr . Hayward then quotes fro a co unication ad him W to by Mr . Digby yatt as follows

Amon g o th e r Italian s in this c ountry wh ose taste e x e rci se d a powe rful i n ﬂue n c e upon archite ctur e and the appli cati on o f sculpt u r e an d p ainti n g to archite c tur e we r e o n o f To n o i o mo da Tre vizi o e n c e J h Padua, rrigia , G r la ( ft all d ’ T e s n o To o e n n c n e e n e e o da r vi a ), l d ll A un iata, a pai t r, B d tt Rove zzan o e o e n n e o who was ssoc , a very abl Fl r ti sculpt r a i

e w o e n Z c e o the a c e n n . at d ith H lb i , u ch r , p inter , Lu a P i Of ’ e se e a e T o e n n c n e th Luca P nni , p int r , ol d ll A un iata, pai t r , an d T e n o c e n e e or o f the r visa , ar hit ct and engi r, all pupils c oo of aff e e e e e to the co o f e n s h l R a ll , w r attach d urt H ry

me e e . e . o e o e o e n c VIII , and at w rk b f r H lb i a h r Lay r Mar n e y te rr a - cotta orname n ts we r e ve ry lik e ly e xe cute d ’ n e th e n e n o m da Tre vizi the K n s u d r i ﬂu ce of Gir la o , i g c e om Sir e n e the o n e o f ar hit ct, with wh H ry Marn y, f u d r the o e m s as C n of to e I . h us , u t, aptai the Guard H nry VII , ” a e ome o on con h v c int occasi al tact .

Holbein came to England ﬁrst as a young man in 1 6 5 2 . It is more likely that Girolamo or one of the Maiani was the man whose inﬂ uence gave to Sutton its marked I talian character? The house, therefore, is probably a work of builders trained in Gothic art, but working under directions of a designer familiar with the new domestic architecture of the t Renascence, and possibly wi h designs for the details m or oulds given by a foreign and no doubt Italian artist . There is no i mprobability in supposing that the general

1 The famous te rra -cotta me dallion s of the Cae sars at H ampton Co urt we re e xe e o n n n o For e se an d an o n of e - o o cut d by Gi va i Maia . th acc u t t rra c tta w rk n f by Italia s or E n gli sh palaces s ee History qf Ha mp ton Court P a lace in Tudor Times n es 0 , by Er t L aw , p . 5 . 1 8 - E H 5 ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOU S C . artistic superintendence and the ﬁner ornamental work T was given by revisano . The parts where the different styles appear may be said to be as follows The general plan of the house is that of the domestic

architecture of the first half of the sixteenth century, and m in i ts general outline and ain characteristics it is Gothic . I t is far more distinctly Gothic than the houses built in The the second half of that century . gateway and tower, two the quadrangle, the great hall dividing the wings h m wit the principal cha bers at the upper end, and the are a kitchen, buttery, and cellars at the lower end , fe tures G invariably found in the centuries preceding, and in othic T he and castellated edifices . pointed arch distinctly appears over the mullions of the upper lights in all the m windows of the ground floor, in the s all arcade of the e the r parap t on the facade, and in heads of the doo s , large T e m m . h m and s all use of ullions , transo s, and labels for

the windows, the trefoils and quatrefoils, the bays and

e h . The gabl s, are essentially Got ic irregular disposition of the garden or south front is also essentially English and The Perpendicular Gothic . general disposition of the T G house, however, is udor rather than strictly othic, and

entirely English in character . - m On the other hand, the use of terra cotta is al ost m always traceable to foreign inﬂ uences, usually Fle ish or The Italian . diaper pattern in dark brick is said to have

been introduced by Holbein, but was probably earlier . The S the use of teps in the gables, as seen in wings on 1 . . . S the north end, is said by Mr J J tevenson to be

1 is r 88 0 vol . . . . s e o House A rchitectu e 1 , 54 e f , i p 3 It a —p cial p culiarity S ot e e an d was t e e e d o e s e s the n e n n c ch archit ctur , h r call c rbi t p am i dicati g o e H i its o e n o n . is so se e n S t n es t o n see f r ig rigi It al at ckbridg all, W m rla d (

160 S - S H ANNAL OF AN OLD MANOR HOU E C .

even applied to pointed arches, is one of the peculiar

features of this house . Yet whilst many of the details Of the ornament are of a r m strictly Ren scence character, the e is no single exa ple, ? m s The m even the s allest, of cla sical work colu n, the

round arch, the pilaster, the architrave, the cornice and th e m baluster, and pedi ent are nowhere seen nor, on the

other hand, are the broad scrolls, contorted gables, the lattice - work and fantastic parapets of the Elizabethan T he style proper . spirit of the work is rather horizontal in m its lines than perpendicular, but the nu ber and disposition of the mullions over each other prevent the ? hori z ontal lines from being prominent The m m house re ains, the unique work of so e unknown Master of 15 2 as one of the landmarks in the history SO m of English architecture . It is far odern that it has mm all the sy etry of a Palladian design, whilst it has no single classical feature such as occur at every point of a m The building of Renascence ti es . work as a whole is m truly Gothic, but Gothic treated with the eye for orna ent ff The of an Italian of the age of Ra aelle . profuse orna m m entation is of the ost delicate kind, never obtruding

itself, and in singular contrast with the coarse and ﬂorid decoration by which the Elizabethan and Jacobean builders sought to obtain effects of shadow and of m contrast . It is interesting to speculate what ight have been the future of English domestic architecture if it had

1 The ss s e was n o e n o n n o n T o e cla ical tyl i tr duc d i t E gla d by J h h rp , at — - on e in s e e 1 6 . E e E e n e x e has L gl at , Wilt hir dat 5 7 97 v ry lizab tha ampl cla ss ical fe atures the re is n ot on e at S utton . 2 A good co lle cti on o f vi e ws of Elizabe tha n h ou ses is give n in a re ce n t o A r hitectu e o the Ren a i ssan ce in En lan d 1 6 0 -16 0 e w rk , c r f g , 5 3 , by J . A lfr d

o an d . T o B o n on on 18 1. be see n how e G tch W alb t r w , L d , 9 It will gr atly

of es e ffe o S on e n s o . all th di r fr m utt , which r mai G thic vm THE HOU SE 16 1

sought to ada pt and retain the Go thic forms to new uses in the refined and graceful spirit of the builder of S utton . The m m proble re ains who was he, of what nation , of which school ? T he solution which seems the more — probable is this That the house was erected by English builders in the contempo rary English style of domestic Gothic that it was planned under the influence of me n who had seen the great palaces which had recently risen in Italy and France, and who understood the new require ments which the modern life of the S ixteenth century had introduced and that the English builders were assisted in the symmetrical design and in the details of the orna mentation by Trevisano or some of his countrymen and m co pan i ons . W ma S hatever y be its origin, it is a building of ingular Of interest in the history of art, as well as a rare and m the peculiar beauty . It is a significant exa ple of

ﬂexibility of the Gothic architecture, and of the vitality m was that re ained in it j ust as it about to be swept away . It is an evidence of the possibility of building a modern house entirely graceful and light without resorting to a single classical expedient . Lastly, it is a wonderful example of the resources and d urability of terra - cotta The m - in building . brickwork and oulded terra cotta, which was originally prepa red in several shades of red an d orange, has now been softened by age and exposure into m ff : a rich asse blage of di erent hues red, brown , russet, m chocolate, orange, sal on , and straw colour, but all harmonising with ordinary brick far better than would The stone of any shade . whole of the work, constructive m - The and orna ental, is in brick and terra cotta . bases , - doorways , windows, string courses , labels , and other M - 16 2 ANNAL S OF AN OLD MANOR HOU SE C H .

ﬁn ials dripstones, parapets, angles, cornices, and are of moulded clay ? ff m In all, about forty or ﬁfty di erent oulds appear to T m have been used . hese are co bined and arranged with m great ingenuity and freedo . An elegant quatrefoil parapet ornament is obtained by uniting above and below two of the trefoil heads of the window lights . Beside this about six other moulded plaques are used in varied m co binations . One consists of a lozenge and ball m orna ent, one is an arabesque balustrade, others are horizontal mouldings and string - courses ; three others “ W R . contain a tun , and a conventional bunch of “ m m grapes, being a rebus or punning e ble of the builder? The whole of this series of ornaments of the most delicate character is in a wonderful state of preserva tion . Not a S ingle piece is wanting in the quadrangle ; and after 3 70 years of exposure it is so sharp and perfect that casts have been recently taken from it and new m ma ullions reproduced . It y be taken as certain that from the date of its erection till our own day those m m oulded orna ents have never been copied or reproduced, and that every piece now remaining in the building is Sir W the original work of R . eston , except the portions 18 which have been quite recently renewed . In 75 terra

1 I have n ot bee n able to discove r in the origin al buildin g a s i n gle pie ce of s on e of an n e x e on the o s of the se -o on e s ﬂan n t y ki d , c pt t p mi ctag al turr t ki g the n o oo to the The e es of the n n o e e e rth d r hall . gr at gat mai rth gat way w r of o se n in s n e F e n s of ese so e s e n in on of the c ur hu g to . ragm t th ck t r mai fr t en oo n o the c tral d r i t hall . 2 “ ” “ ” Of course the vulgar story that the tu n an d the bun ch of h ops sh ow the e w e is an e n e The s as an that build r as a brew r idl blu d r. grape appe ar o n en e n e an d s o o e n e n an En s r am t at Lay r Mar y, h w a f r ig rath r tha gli h es n e The es at e n e are e n as e o s as d ig r . grap Lay r Mar y c rtai ly much lik h p ose S on On e s oses in sse x e sa to t s da t t o th at utt . upp that E th y y hi y ha L rd ’ ” n e C in of the B o was the n s e e Mar y, apta dyguard , Ki g br w r .

- 164 ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOU SE CH .

m l Italian Renascence details . In both the ain brick wa ls T mm are diapered . hey both have in plan a sy etrical courtyard, hexagonal turrets , parapets, and circular stair cases . But the details of the work at Layer Marney are far more distinctly Renascence than at Sutton and this T is especially visible in the parapet . here is nothing at

Sutton so rococo as the parapet at Layer Marney . Layer Marney Towers still exists about 8 miles from

C . olchester A good account of it, with drawings by

C . Archae o harles F Hayward, was published by the Essex logical Society in 186 2 Tra n sa ction s of the Essex Archaeo i lo ica l S oc et . . . g y , vol iii part i ) An account also appears B u ildin New s 1 1h m 18 S . in the g , 9 epte ber 79 m Other buildings of the sa e date are Hengrave Hall, S ff Sir T m K tson 1 2 - 8 in u olk, built by ho as y , 5 5 3 , and

Boughton Malherbe, Kent, both built by courtiers of The Henry VIII . following are houses nearest in date S — m m to utton Place East Barsha , Fakenha , Norfolk m ( te p . Henry also a brick building . It shows the H R . R ri r . E . ﬂi n and . , g and g eyhound, crown and haw thorn bush as in the windows at Sutton . Also parts of 1 Little co te s W m Haddon Hall, 54 5 , ilts Bra hall Hall, ’ C rm e rod s Cheshire heshire ( see accounts of this in O ) . S ff Sir T m K tso n Of Hengrave Hall, u olk, built by ho as y , 1 2 - 8 His tor a n d 5 5 3 , there is an excellent account ( y An ti u ities o H en ra v e 2 0 q f g , by John Gage, 3 , 4 to, ’ D omestic Architectu re o the [Mi ddle A es and see Parker s f g , i e u e H ouse Arch t ct r . . S 188 2 and , by J J tevenson , . Terra- cotta is used profusely in the following con m — m C te porary buildings Ha pton ourt, Layer Marney,

1 H en r e is of e es on e an d e t o e - o g av built fr t whit brick , but wi h ut t rra c tta . I ts n is n ot s e e of S on the en n e is n ot in the pla ymm trical , lik that utt tra c d e of the d n e mi dl qua ra gl . v111 THE HOU SE 16 5

m East Barsham ; but it seems to have disappeared al ost i mmediately from English work until revived in this generation . A plan of a house during the S ixteenth centu ry is r A D etorie or R e imen t o desc ibed in a curious book, y g f

H ea lth r r 1 , by And ew Boorde of Physick Docto , 54 7 T oc . . S . ( edited by F . J . Furnivall, E E ext , In chap . iv . he writes Make the hall under such a fasshyo n that the parler be an e xe d to the heade of the r e hall , and the butte y and pantry be at the lower end of the r e tte m the hall, seller unde the pantry, y so ewhat abase ; the k ychen set somewhat a base from the buttry and pantry co mmyn g with an entry by the wall of the - - an e xe d buttry, the pastry house and the larder howse to T dev de lo d n e c rce u te the kychen . hen y the gy g by the y u adr n all of the q y g courte, and let the gatehouse be o pp osyt or agayn st the hall- dore ( not directly) but the

- ate howse m dle hall dore standing a base, and the g in the y of the front entry into the place : let the pryve chambre an e xe d m m be to the cha bre of astate, with other cha bres bu ld n e m m necessary for the y y g , so that any of the cha bres ” r maye have a p ospecte in to the Chapell . And then he goes on to describe the proper position for the stables , the S - m m m the laughter house, half a ile fro the ansion, also m bakehouse, how to keep the oat clean, the fruit garden , ” ﬁ sh- con e s pool, the park with deer and y , butts, and a

- bowling alley . The This is the plan followed at Sutton Place . hall r m e is in the centre, entirely dividing the east f o the w st ? T he wing, and occupying the height of two stories

1 A fe ature w orthy of n otice is that the hall d oor is pre ci se ly in the ce n tre o f the n e an d e n e in e x n e the e in the o e of quadra gl , h c act li with gat way t w r the n o on an d o are so in n e the e n oo of the rth fr t , b th al li with gard d r hall . - SE H 166 ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOU C .

- m principal sitting roo was at the east end of the hall . The m kitchen was in the west wing, the roo now - m The converted into the drawing roo . principal apart m ents were in the east wing, the buttery and pantry at

the west end of the hall, with the cellars underneath . AS r o iginally built, the north end of the quadrangle was mm occupied by a wing co unicating across, and having in m T the iddle a lofty tower with gateway . his wing, like 2 the east wing, was externally 7 feet in width . It was, m of course, in length exactly the sa e as the quadrangle, i e 8 1 T . . feet . his front appears in three drawings in the

possession of the present owner, one being about the 16 0 0 beginning of the seventeenth century, say ; a 1 second is dated 1750 ; and the third is 779 . An ’ engraving of the latter was given in the Gen tlema n s M a a in e 1 8 1 T . 0 . S g z , p , February 779 his tower and ide

of the quadrangle had long been in a ruinous condition , and it was removed by the then owner in A careful architectural elevation taken previous to that date ’ Salvin s m is now in Mr . hands Fro these it would appear that the gate- tower rose to a height nearly

double the existing house . It had a large gateway,

- apparently four centred arch , with three entire stories The over the gateway . central windows were of four m lights with transo s, the lowest window of eight lights m m r m the ullions , labels, cornices , and edallion o na ents in

Thi s is con trary to the dire ction s give n in th e Dy etorie an d appare n tly con trary

to the n e s e . e s can ﬁn d n o n of o o s u iv r al practic A t l a t , I pla a G thic h u e wh e re a right lin e passe s tru e through the e xtern al gate way an d the i n n e r an d o e oo s an d is at the s e t e the e n x s of the n ut r hall d r , am im c tral a i pri cipal o c urt . 1 The bill s of the con tractor for the pulli n g dow n the t ow er are n ow in T e are e 1 8 the ossess on of S n . 2 . The e e s for the p i Mr . alvi h y dat d 7 r c ipt o s o s an d e on s are d e 1 8 vari u w rk alt rati at d 7 4 .

6 - 1 8 ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOU SE CH .

S taircase, to the cellars and vaults . In houses of this date

the sets of rooms round a quadrangle do not communicate .

S H ouse Architect re AS . . . u . . Mr J J tevenson says ( , ii p “ the house (of 150 0 -50 ) is only a collection of separate houses access between them could only be got by going

outside . And the fact that there are three doors together

mak es it evident that this was the plan adopted here. The present Opening through the wall at the west angle

into the corridor to the great hall is recent . Originally, it is probable that the rooms of the west wing did n o t communicate with the hall except through the kitchen and it is probable that the rooms on the ground floor in mm the east wing did not co unicate with the hall . T here is no reason to suppose that any of the three great staircases as now seen in the house belonged to the T a original work . hey present the character of a l ter The date . north and east sides of the quadrangle were those chiefly inju red by the fire of 156 0 ; and they seem never to have been completely restored or adapted W m to use . hat was the original character of the roo s, SO and whether the existing party walls were planned, it m seems i possible now to determine . T he present long gallery occupies the upper floor of m the whole east wing . It was restored in its present for

in 18 78 . About half of it had previously been used as W a Catholic chapel during this century . hether the original plan contained a long gallery at all resembling

the present may well be doubted . No long gallery of the scale and completely developed character of the SO present can be found in England early as 1525 . That which we now see resembles the fu lly formed

galleries of the Elizabethan and Jacobean age . It is m certain that the gallery, if any such there were, was uch VIII THE HOUSE 169

S horter than the present one ; otherwise it would have r S had windows on all fou ides , and would have been T hardly habitable in winter . here are now behind the we panelling recesses for four fireplaces , not for one as T m m now see . hey com unicate with chi neys in the four double stacks visible in the eastern wall, all part ma of the original edifice . And it y be doubted if the builders of the early S ixteenth century ever designed a single room to be warmed by four fires in place of one r Of la ge one . In the inventory taken at the death the builder in 154 2 there is no description of a room which “ would correspond with the long gallery, as the gret m ” cha bre is undoubtedly the present hall . It is r m m p obable that three, if not four roo s , or even ore, occupied the place of this gallery . In the original plan the private rooms of the master as were probably in the south end of the e t wing, adjoining Old sola r O the head of the hall, the , in fact . An pening, ma S r loft, or gallery y have existed on the upper to y, whence the family could see What was going on in The the hall after they had left it . entrance door in the quadrangle to the east wing led to the set of m m cha bers quite distinct fro the rest of the house, and the entrance in the quadrangle to the west wing led

Offi The to the ces and kitchen . original chapel is said to have been in the western S ide of the inner court facing ’ the S m tables, and the priest s roo was till lately the low panelled room facing the garden at the extreme south T Of . west angle the house his, at least, has been the m u disposition in the last century, when the fa ily were nder r - W the pressu e of the anti Catholic laws . hether there was any other chapel in the original design is not clear . No

ma as . traces of it appear, and it y have been in the e t wing - S C H v 111 17 0 ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOU E .

T he plan of the house will be made out best by following the inventory . It is possible that was drawn up in this way beginning with the hall in the centre, it passes into the chambers in the east wing so round the east wing to the gateway or northern front, and thence ffi round to the west wing, the kitchen , pantry, o ces, and m stables . But the original cha bers cannot now be identiﬁed ; and doubtless the house as planned consisted S racti of four sides of a great quadrangle, each ide being p cally separate, and having access without and within the W quadrangle by separate entrances . ithin these four t distinct blocks of building, north , east, south , and wes , m the separate apart ents were only divided by very slight, and perhaps variable partitions of panelling, or even The m screens of tapestry and canvas .— di ensions of the principal halls are as follows The hall is 5 1 feet 6 2 6 s the 8 inches long by 5 feet inche , or between bays 3 0 The feet . I t is 3 feet 9 inches high . long gallery is

1 2 1 . 74 feet long by 3 feet wide, and 5 feet high The account given by Aubrey in his Natura l History o An ti u it e o Th i s S urre . 2 2 8 e f q f y, ii i , is as follows place is a noble seat, built of brick, and has a stately gatehouse, T a with a very high ower, be ring a turret at each angle . The m In i t is a square court . windows ullions and m m transo s] are ade of baked earth, of whitish yellow The m colour (like Flanders bricks ) . ouldings within the house are adorned with pendants of Fruits and Flowers m W R . . r of the sa e brick, where is and the Figu e of a m m T u n . , as a rebus of his na e In the hall (of the sa e ’ C C m sort of work as in King s ollege, a bridge, if not m W a by the sa e hand) is the crest of eston . In the p rlour ” is his coat of arms .

1 2 S - S C H 7 ANNAL OF AN OLD MANOR HOU E . m The anner . quadrangle is in height on the east and west wings 3 2 feet 6 inches from the ground to the top S of the parapet . It is divided into two tories by a string S 16 m course, the lower tory being feet fro the ground to S - S 1 r the tring course, the upper tory 3 feet, and the pa apet 6 itself is 3 feet inches . On the south wing, where the 2 6 m a r m upper story is feet inches higher, the e su e ent m Of th e fro the ground to the top parapet is 3 5 feet . It appears from the mouldings and the bases on the two entrance doors of the hall north and south , and the two entrance doors in the east and west wings , that the level of the quadrangle is nearly, if not exactly, the original, as is the floor of the hall ? It is no doubt one of the m peculiarities of the building, perhaps due to the extre e evenness and dryness of the situation , that the entire ground floo r of the whole house in both quadrangles S now tands on the exact level of the soil, both on the quadrangle and the garden side ; so that no step of any m k ind is e ployed for entering the house on any side, and apparently none was ever designed . The entrance doors to the hall and all the windows of the lower story throughout the house are protected by dripstone labels ; the windows of the upper S tory have The Of f none . windows the upper story are su ficiently protected by the string- course and d ripstone unde r the parapet, the upper story being 3 feet higher than the lower thus the heads of the windows in the upper S tory - The come close up to the string course . windows of the lower story also have in their upper range of lights four

1 The surrou n di n g soil must have bee n rai se d some what in thre e cen turie s by the action o f earth -w orms ; see Charles Darwi n on the acti on of earth o s se o e n o n o 1 oo in e en The Forma tion w rm , which rai p gr u d ab ut f t ach c tury ( V t ble Mould th ou h the A ction o Worms 18 8 of eg e a r g f , THE QUADRANGLE 17 3

The m . cusps, for ing at the top a pointed head other

m . lights have two cusps, for ing a round head A base m 2 6 c m with oulding, at present feet in hes fro the level of the soil, runs round the building . Over the second S S an d tory tands a parapet, the whole building is covered

- by a high pitched tiled roof. The 1 2 principal entrance, called in the inventory of 54 “ ” m de ll the y entre, opening into the west end of the hall, is in the centre of the south side of the quadrangle, and stood in exact line with the gateway in the north m tower and wing, now re oved . It is also in exact line with the similar entrance to the garden on the south S ide T of the house . hus the axis through the centre of the quadrangle passed through the centre of the outer gate way, and also through the two great doors of the hall, north and south . At the upper end of the quadrangle in the west and m a east wings are two si il r doorways, exactly facing each

11 . other . All of these are feet high Nearly in the 1 centre of the west and east wings are two sloped bays, 3 feet by 3 feet, also facing each other, and in every way identical . North of each bay on the upper story are m three windows, and south are two windows all of the S ix The having lights . four windows, identical in design t and corresponding wi h each other, on either side of the two side doors, east and west, have four lights each . The rows of windows on the two stories stand nearly, but not quite, regularly over each other, and are placed m nearly, but not quite, at regular intervals . Fro the old W m Woolfe S pencil drawing by illia , igned and dated 1 0 75 , it would appear that the northern wing, then m standing, as seen fro the quadrangle, nearly cor responded with the existing southern wing, and had 1 S - SE H 74 ANNAL OF AN OLD MANOR HOU C . six windows of six lights ea ch on either side of the The gateway . principal entrance door in the south wing is obviously planned with a view to a symmetri cal m facade, and is hardly the ost convenient for the use of

The . the hall itself. quadran gle itself is an exact square An arrangement of the quadrangle so symmetrical is quite contrary to all the methods of building adopted in m earlier ti es , or in any building of a castellated kind . It may well be doubted if there is extant in England m any earlier exa ple of such a plan , and in any case it

was due to foreign influence and reminiscences . It would probably be difli cu lt to find in England a house so as 1 20 S the mm early 5 where, as at utton, desire of sy etry in the external elevation entirely dominated the claims of

convenience within . The S m south ide of the quadrangle, as seen fro within

. 2 1 it, is perfectly regular in plan and elevation It is

feet higher than the wings on the side, east and west . The entrance in the centre is ﬂanked by two regular - m half octagonal turrets , feet in dia eter above the 8 The - base, rising to a height of 4 feet . string courses and ornament of the parapet are carried round the T m m turrets . hey are co pletely covered fro top to m m m - botto with oulded orna ents, being the terra cotta W “ ” w R . . plaques ith the , the tun, and the grape

patterns set close together . At the top they are now ﬁn ials are capped with large of stone, and they connected m m with an ornamental e battled parapet . It see s not m m i probable, fro the way in which the parapet is was built on to, and not into, the turrets, that it a

later addition, in spite of the use of the lozenge plaques The between the embrasures . fragments of stone before the main central doorway are probably pieces of the piers

~ 176 ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOUSE CH .

m m fi n ials finial, now uch decayed, as it would see , four m fin ial s S in each wing . Enough re ains of the to how that they were formed of plain and solid hexagonal blocks — 1 m of terra cotta, about 4 inches high, set on bases for ed m W of hollow blocks of the sa e form . hat now looks like stone is the decayed plaster backing for the hollow - The pieces of terra cotta . parapet above the bays is m m for ed of the lozenge orna ent in rows, capped by the coping of toy battlemented work characteristic of English The fin ials Perpendicular . were probably capped in the m are sa e way as the hexagonal turrets now . The north wing appears to have been of the same

s . 2 . width as the ea t wing, viz 7 feet (externally) A W O e . good idea is btained by the p ncil drawings of Mr . W f 1 Th o ol e 0 . e , dated 75 , of its north and south front gate tower was about 70 feet high? The large gateway in the centre was a four- centred Tudor arch with deep m n m ouldings . Over this was a ﬂat band of or a ental - m m a terra cotta work, with the a orini si il r to that over the entrance doors to the hall inside the quadran gle .

Above the gateway were three stories, each lit by a large m window, the lower one having transo s and eight lights,

the two upper four lights in one row . All three windows T he were protected by labels . gate tower was ﬂanked 6 by two large octagonal turrets, apparently or 7 feet in m dia eter, and have six lights, one above the other,

m . between which , at the top, ran a battle ented parapet These turrets Obviously served as staircases to reach the T he m - upper stories . chi ney stacks are here, as else on m where, the outside, there being few chi neys on the

1 e o n has e en e e n e n e an d e n e S n e Th gr u d b r c tly Op d tr ch d by Mr . id y

H r son who has e e e s e n s . F o e se the e x ar i , mad car ful m a ur d pla r m th act e d lin e of the buildin g can be fo llow . 1x THE QUAD RANGLE 17 7

The quadrangle side throughout the house . gateway as S hown in several drawings is a T udor arch with mould an d T ings no label . hough it was originally pointed, it is drawn as roughly rounded in the three independent The drawings extant . gateway, and indeed the windows, m m ore nearly rese ble those of Layer Marney, also a terra r cotta wo k of this date, than perhaps any other extant m exa ple of Tudor architecture . The whole facade of the quadrangle is ornamented — d m The profusely with terra cotta plaques an ouldings . quoins are all worked with alternate squ ares of the “ R W an d . . , tun, grape design , the black bricks m for ing a diaper pattern on the red bricks, and the terra m - cotta being in two ain colours, one deep brick red, the

- other an orange straw colour, several of the designs The appearing alternately in the two colours . brick work and terra-cotta have by age acquired an immense ff variety of di erent tints, varied by the grays and greens m wallﬂowe rs of lichens, osses , and , so that the Whole presents an extraordinary assemblage of warm and harmonious hues . T here seems to be but little attempt to cover brick as at m work with plaster, Layer Marney, the chief exa ples of this being on the parapet as a backing to the quatrefoil m orna ent, and again on the parapet on the garden front south of the house . The elaborate scheme of ornamentation is conﬁned to The the quadrangle . gateway front to the north , and the external walls of the house east and west, have no ornamental work beyond the mullions of the windows m and the oulded base, and no parapet and no string The r courses or dripstones . garden front is of a ve y m di fferent character from the quadrangle . All atte pt at N S A - 17 8 ANNAL OF N OLD MANOR HOU SE C H .

mm sy etry is discarded, the parts are grouped in deep m m - a and irregular asses, and the chi ney st cks and gables characteristic of Tudor architecture are disposed The l irregularly . garden door to the ha l on the south side is ornamented si milarly to that in the quadrangle on the north side, and the parapet is carried along the south S ide . No doubt the external south side of the building was protected by an outer wall . It may be noted here that the large and ungainly cross molin e m m ade of coarse tiles, which is inserted three ti es t m under an ogee pattern in his parapet, is al ost certainly 16 0 The cross molin e a late addition, not earlier than 4 . C l m W is the coat of op ey, whose heiress arried John eston T the m in 163 7 . here is nothing in fa ily heraldry to cross molin e 16 2 account for the before the year 5 , when W John eston succeeded . It is plainly not the cross o f h Sir W St. Jo n, to which Richard eston could have no m cross molin e clai . And though a is found in one of the quarters of the coats of Sir Francis and Sir Henry W 1 6- 2 m Lon uev illiers eston , 53 9 , it is si ply for g , one of P icherin m the quarterings of g . It could have no eaning ir W as a bearing of S Richard eston . The external walls measure 3 feet in thickness ; the m north wall of the northern gateway wing easures 4 feet, The as the broken return now shows . roof over the east

and west wings, and also that over the south wing, are S m m O i ilar, and for one continuous structure, pen through ff The o n . out, though rather di erent levels roof is high mm pitched and tiled, supported by i ense arches of oak

fastened by cross pieces , and bound together by huge m T horizontal transverse bea s resting on the walls . here is no evidence that these were ever prepared S O as to form m m an open roof, or that any roo or dor itory ever existed

18 0 S - H ANNAL OF AN OLD MANOR HOU SE C . of the times the apartments would be separated only by The panelling or other light division . original staircases, either as external adjuncts or within , cannot now be positively traced . T here is no doubt that the house, as now and for a e m long period inhabited, has b en co pletely transposed . The most pleasant part Of the house must have been the - T he east and south east wings . part of the house reserved for the family was doubtless in the north and m east wings, one of which is now re oved altogether, and The the other practically abandoned as a residence . west wing, in which the present residence is, was the quarter of the ofﬁ ces the present drawing- room was the kitchen until about forty years ago the present dining- room was probably once connected with the back buildings , on The m 1 which it abuts . west wing easures foot less in width than the eastern and the north wings . m ir W It is probable that from the ti e of S H . eston m ir W (te p . Eliz . ) down to that of the third S R . eston m Car. . (te p . I ) Clandon and not Sutton was the principal m T m m residence of the fa ily . heir baptis s and arriages W C are registered at est landon, and in existing deeds of ir W the seventeenth century S R . eston is described as of

C S . m landon, not of utton If so, the roo s inj ured by the m the fire in the ti e of Elizabeth , in north and east wings, may never have been completely refitted and furnished . 16 1 Sir W C In 4 R . eston sold the landon estate and m i ir s S . . wa ans on to R Onslow I t then , probably, that S the house at utton was refitted anew, and to this date we may attribute much of the carved panelling and oak C m —a cross doorways and staircases, and the opley ar s moli e— n o n . the parapet, etc , and in the panelling ; and i W as S r R . eston devoted much of his fortune to the 1x TH E QUADRANGLE 18 1

S m m canal peculation, and ulti ately e barrassed his estate, he may have lived at Sutton with less magniﬁcence than Sir did his grandfather, Henry, eighty years before, and C thus, after the sale of landon , he ﬁtted up for his own e residence the west wing . Aubrey calls th panelled hall “ ” 16 m the parler, so that in his day ( 73 ) the fa ily apparently lived in the west wing ; and at this epoch it is not improbable that the small quadrangle on the

west side of the house was added . C H A P T E R X

TH E GR E A T A ND TH E PA N E LL E D H A LL

TH E m s aller hall in the west wing, abutting on the west a m entr nce fro the court, now serves as the general 16 entrance hall to the building . Aubrey, writing in 73 , ” 2 2 8 m 2 speaks of it ( iii . p . ) as the parler . It easures 4 1 6 feet by 9 feet inches , excluding the bay . It is now Th completely panelled in old oak wainscotting . e whole

of this was until recently covered with layers of old paint, The m whitewash, and canvas . roo had long been used - 1 as a lamp room . In 8 74 the screens and paint were m S m m re oved and the panelling cleaned . o e pieces fro other parts of the house were used in forming recesses

and doors, but in general the panelling is in its original T s m condition . he e alterations or repairs were ade by

Frederick Harrison, then in occupation under a lease . Th e panelled hall has a Tudor four - centred arch for the - m ﬁreplace of terra cotta, si ilar to that in the great hall, m m and like it orna ented with the po egranate, the badge 1 T S of Catherine of Aragon . his would how that the

1 Fe n n o f S n was e n e in the on e s of n 1 8 rdi a d V. pai gag d c qu t Gra ada , 4 3 8 e n he e e e n e s of the of C e n e an d she e e e the 5, wh r c iv d w birth ath ri , r c iv d o e n e a n ada as he r e in o e o on of the ss e of the p m gra at (g r ) badg , c mm m rati i u

18 - E C H 4 ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOUS .

TH E GR E A T H A L L

The great hall, which occupies the larger part of the m 1 6 south wing, is a noble apart ent, 5 feet inches in 2 6 1 length, 5 feet inches in breadth, and nearly 3 feet in height . It has two principal entrances facing each other, the centre of both being now 12 feet from the west end — of the hall the one on the north opening into the court, T he the other on the south into the garden . hall is m h war ed by an open ﬁreplace on the south side, whic , it mm m will be observed, is one of the i ense stack of chi neys The m 5 feet thick in the south wall . other two chi neys m The in this stack ust have belonged to the vaults . hall occupies both stories, and is lit by the four windows of Six the two bays, north and south , and by other windows on the north , and four on the south side . The p osition of the entrance doors is certainly most unusual . Halls of this class usually are entered at their the lower end, or if entered by side, then the entrance is m m at the extre e end, and is protected by a screen of so e

. m kind Here the ain entrance, called in the inventory ” 1 2 m de ll m of 54 the y entre, is so far fro the end of the hall that the passage running across the two doors cuts

- o ff exactly one third of the whole length of the hall . It is extremely diﬂi cu lt to see how any screen could have crossed the hall without destroying its appearance and obscuring the view of the painted glass in the windows . It is equally di fﬁ cult to see how the hall could have been either longer or shorter than it is at present . All the win dows of the hall now have their painted glass, apparently m the in their original position, and conte porary with house, at least those in the lower windows are (see the arms of Sir W X Lord Derby in IV . , and of alter Dennis in . x THE GREAT AND THE PANELLED HALL 18 5

“ The inventory of 154 2 mentions a room bi the ” m dell y entre, which could hardly have been so called if the hall were longer . Although an entrance at the side of the hall and so near its centre must always have been m inconvenient, it see s to have been so used until the 18 m alterations of 74 , though by the re oval of the north wing the court is now much more exposed to the The weather . entrance was probably protected by a small screen enclosing a few square fe et round the door . Another peculiarity is that there is no trace of any dais in the hall, and the windows of the bays north and south are so near the level of the soil that probably none ever existed ? At the east end of the hall a solid party wall 2 feet 6 inches thick separates the hall from the east wing . A t the lower or west end of the hall no solid We partition of any kind is traceable . find none until we reach the wall continuous with that of the west wing, 6 The S which is 2 feet inches thick . cellars below how s buttre s work, as though designed to support the end of the existing stone floor . The ceiling is now a flat plaster roof, which was n T painted for the owner I 18 74 . here is no trace of The any pendant work, or of any other class of roofing . beams in the roof over the hall were evidently not constructed to be shown as an Open timber roof ; they are pe rfectly equal to support any weight that might be m m hung fro the , but there is no trace of anything of the T he m m kind . dor er windows in the roof are too s all and few for any other purpose except just to light the S roof, and there is nothing to how that any habitable

1 n The s was Th e re is n o da is in the gre at hall of H ampto Court . dai h e o e o s e o . A s to s an d the e e s ze of t e ae mitt d ab ut thi p ri d thi , r duc d i m di val e Dom A ch 1 8 see P . . hall , ark r , . r iii . 5, 7 18 6 S - H ANNAL OF AN OLD MANOR HOU SE C .

m T m roo s ever existed in it . hus every exa ination leads to the belief that the hall, as we now see it, is not very m far fro its original appearance . The general disposition of the hall appears to have —At been as follows the upper or east end, where th e

billiard table now is, the high table stood across between the the bay windows north and south . Here was gret carpet to the table there ” in the inventory also in the wardrobe prepared for royal visits was the grete carpete ” K n s to lay under the y g fete . Below this in the body m ” of the hall stood the bord in the gret cha bre, where fﬁ sat the o cers, retainers, and strangers, for the inventory “ ” “ speaks of a clothe of dyap for a square borde ; xi ” fyn e table clothes for the hawle for strangers . In a m house of this kind, in a country at that ti e so thinly m cultivated, so ething like open house was a necessity of

the age . Round the walls were, no doubt, hangings of m “ so e kind of tapestry, for the inventory gives in the ” m han n s gret cha bere, Ffyrst peces of gy g of the E n Story of the gyp cyo s . Behind the high table would be the door communicating with the principal rooms of m the fa ily in the east wing, and doubtless, as now, a gallery in the upper story from which they could survey

the hall after leaving it . At the west end of the hall ’ “ o ﬂi ce s were the buttery, butler s pantry, and other , the ’ ” “ chamb chamb hi m de ll butler s , and the litle the y ” entre . Adjoining the pantry was the staircase leading m down to the cellarage, which is no doubt uch in its The w original condition . kitchen stood farther est, next

to the garden, in the part now occupied by the inner - m T the drawing roo . his was still the kitchen within

last forty years . On the second ﬂoor, at the west end of ’

m . the hall, stood, as is now to be seen , the instrels gallery

C H A P T E R X I

TH E LO T ST S O T TS A ND NG G A L L E RY, A PE R I E , P R R A I , E S CUTCH E ONS

TH E east wing of the house, in which with the northern or gateway wing were situated the principal apartments s of the original building, was partially de troyed by the The th 1 6 0 . ﬁre of 7 August 5 extent of the ﬁre, which injured about one- third of the east wing on its northern

end, can be distinctly traced in the roof, and also in the

ground ﬂoor . And there is every reason to think that

the whole of the east wing was never completely restored . A portion of it was formerly ﬁtted up as a Catholic m chapel, and the staircase and uch of the woodwork

evidently belongs to the last century . In the year 18 78 the gallery was restored in its present

m . for by Frederick Harrison , the lessee As now ﬁtted m up, so ewhat short of the external length of the wing, m the gallery easures internally, and including the stair

1 2 2 1 . . case, 5 feet by in width Mr Harrison replaced - m m m the terra cotta ullions, fra es, and ouldings in four of the windows there ; reglazed the lights on the

windows at the northern part of the gallery, and ﬁtted The up the panelling and tapestries . panels were for C H x1 THE Y 18 . LONG GALLER 9

m r S the ost part discove ed by the owner, F . H . alvin, in another house, and were replaced ; the tapestries are the ’

r S . m p operty of Mr . Harrison , and for part of the tenant s r The m fu niture . windows, with stone ullions and m W painted glass ar s and quarterings of the estons, were

. S 18 placed there by F H . alvin in 57 . ma It y be taken as certain that the house, as originally built, did not contain any such long gallery as we see . as Many points in its construction, as well the inventory, concur in leading to this conclusion . If the gallery be r z m the o iginal, its great si e and early date would ak e it a more remarkable fact in the history of domestic architecture than anything else in the house ; for thus two sides of the quadrangle of which the house then consisted would have been almost entirely occupied by The two very large chambers . panelling of the gallery m is of a co posite kind, none of it apparently earlier than m the seventeenth century, and ost of it of the eighteenth m T r century, with so e recent additions . here we e not found any traces of ornamental ceilings or painted glass in the windows .

The Tap estries

The tapestries have no historical connection wi th the

Mr. S . house, and are the property of idney Harrison Most of them are very ﬁne Brussels work Of the sixteenth T — m century . hey bear the well known arks for B russels m ’ also a castle or on a shield g ules . A ongst the maker s — He rse lin m cyphers are the following for , a fa ous Brussels 1 0 - 0 S 1 8 8 artist, 53 4 for Francois peering, about 5 . He made the famous tapestry of the Armada in the Houses of r m 18 Pa lia ent, burnt in the ﬁre of 3 4 apparently the mark of Jean Raes . Jean Raes was a famous Brussels 1 0 S - SE CH 9 ANNAL OF AN OLD MANOR HOU . artist who made the S even Capital Sin s and the B a ttle of

the Virtues a n d Vices.

ma W P an n e make r m Another y be for . , who ade the m m H istor Abra ham 1 8 . y of , 54 B ut the arks in the argin of the pieces are all more or less defaced by inj ury and repairs . The m s tapestries are not all of the sa e cla s , but a pair of them are of the very ﬁnest work of the Brussels The re re designers of the best age . two tapestries p senting the story of Joseph are the work of He rse lin of 1 0 - 0 m m Brussels about 53 4 , and ust be fro the designs of

Orla m m . Bernard van y, or so e other aster of that school If these are compared with the grand pieces by Bernard Orla m C van y in Ha pton ourt, little doubt will exist that m The H ercules be tween the designs are fro his hand . P lea su re a n d t sdom m is al ost equally ﬁne in design , Herse lin and is also possibly a work by , now in the - m T he m dining roo . ﬁner tapestries are thus conte porary The with Henry VII I . and Elizabeth . Brussels pieces have the characteristic border of vines and pomegranates v erdu res on a blue ground . One or two pieces are , where the landscape is the principal subject ?

Py in daw on Eastern S ta ircase south ,

The two large six-light windows with stone mullions on the staircases east an d west of the great hall were

placed on the south or garden side of the house by F . H . 8 T m Salvin in 1 5 7 . hey had in the painted glass coats T m m C . . . of ar s fro the designs of A Buckler hey give,

1 - S e e e 01d Furn iture En s e d. . A . n Le s Jacqu mart , , gli h pp 97 99 Pi chart , Ta isser es dan s l e s a s-Ba r B xe e s 18 -6 e s H ou do Les Ta is p i P y , ru ll , 59 4 ; Jul y, p 8 1 u ilfre Hi stoire e l a Ta isser ie series de Ha u te Lisse L e 1 . . G , d , ill , 7 ; J J y p , 8 86 To s 1 . ur ,

1 2 S - SE C H 9 ANNAL OF AN OLD MANOR HOU .

2 Weston m Con sta ble u les an d . i paling , quarterly g v a iré or W - W , over all a bend ; for John ehbe eston, m 1 C arried ( 795 ) Mary onstable . Weston m Gra ham o . r sable e 3 i paling , on a bend , thr e We bbe - W s escallops of the ﬁrst ; for John Joshua e ton,

married ( 18 1 1) Caroline Graham. Weston m Wa lde rav e a r en t 4 . i paling g , per pale g and u les W - W m 18 g for John . ehbe eston , arried ( 4 7) Lady W J Horatia alde grave . Weston m l Vri ht a ure two a r en t 5 . i paling g , z , bars g , ’ in chief a leopard s head or ; for Thomas Donnington W -W m 18 W ehbe eston, arried ( 54 ) Mary right . 6 S a lv in a r en t sa ble m . , g on a chief , two ullets of the m ff Sa ﬁrst, a ullet for di erence ; for Francis Henry lvin C C m 18 of roxdale, ounty Durha , succeeded 57 ; present

owner .

The Escu tcheon s

There are three large ancient escutcheons painted on x m m panel, each about 4 5 feet, for ing very co plete specimens of the armorial blazonry of the sixteenth T Sir T m C century . hey are all for ho as opley one 1 6 8 1 6 T is dated 5 , and two are dated 5 7 . hey were, no S m a m m doubt, brought to utton Place fro G tton so e ti e after the marriage of John Weston with Mary Copley in T m 16 3 7 . hey consist of elaborate arshalling of the C s m m opley coats and quartering with ar s, antling, m m r crest, otto, cords, tassels, and the like within a a ble T he m colonnade . three are nearly the sa e design, and

- T O. 1 6 m m . 68 fo r bear the onogra , the dates 5 7 , and a tu m motto M edium ten ere be . The principal escutcheon is now pla ced betw e en the windows on the eastern staircas e going up to the long x1 THE LONG GALLERY 19 3

m m l gallery . It was re oved fro the panelled hal , where

Aubrey saw it . It is thus blazoned in four grand quarters . — Ar en t u . CO . First grand q arter PL E Y g , a cross m sa ble or oline , in the centre of the cross, a crescent for di fference . W — m S . E LLEs . 0 r econd grand quarter , a lion ra pant, ’ - sa ble ules double queued quartering g , a fesse dancettee or between six crosses crosslet . n a in e This is for E g of Essex . o — ble H o . sa Third grand quarter . Quarterly and

Wa terton x . Si Fourth grand quarter . Barry of ,

ermin e u les sa ble . and g , over all three crescents On this S hield is an escutcheon of pretence for Or m s ble Lu ttrell . a , a bend between six artlets . Sir T ma C 1 1 8 m ho s opley, born 53 5, died 5 4 , arried C Sir T m atherine, daughter and heiress of ho as Luttrell . e m S ro S u ort rs . sable er pp Lion ra pant . wan p p , ducally or crowned and gorged . ’ Crest m sable . On a knight s hel et, wreathed and a r en t fﬁ or g , a gri n segreant . On separate shields are ( 1) Copley i mpaling H oo ; 2 Co le m Shelle sa ble ( ) p y i paling y, , a fesse between three or H oo m ”f elles H oo m whelks , ; ( 3 ) i paling ; (4 ) i paling

Le er a u re a r en t u les o S t. H o g , z , fretty g , a canton g ; ( 5 ) m S cotla n d ff or ﬂor i paling , di erenced, , within a tressure y -f m a ules 6 H oo m counter lory, a lion ra p nt g ; ( ) i paling Welles Wa terton and quarterly . All of these arms occur constantly in the glass in the m hall (see chap . the ar s of Copley and the crest

8 . ermi alone in lower north bay No . Also a shield n e sa ble r a r en t on a chief , th ee crosses crosslet g , for H/ in on ch n m y ch g h or PVi i gha . O 1 S - H 94 ANNAL OF AN OLD MANOR HOU SE C .

The two escutcheons or hatchments dated 156 7 are

at the top of the western staircase .

Small Escu tcheon s in Grea t H all

T here are also in the great hall several small e scu t che on s m , apparently odern . T hey are as follows Co le L ttrell n 1 Weston . . u E ain e o . 2 . . . . p y 3 4 g f ble Essex . B a rrow sa 5 . , , two swords in saltire between ﬂe u r or or W m four de lys , within a bordure . illia W m e bbe Of S te . . alisbury, p Henry VIII , an ancestor W -W m C of J . ehbe eston, arried atherine, daughter and - 6 c o W co . . P in h n C heir ofJohn Barrow y of rittle, ounty a r en t sa ble Essex . Per bend g and , three roundels within - W ff a bordure engrailed counter changed . John ol e of G m co- reat Haseley arried Ann, daughter and heir of

So n Sir Pin che on . T John , of Edward heir daughter m W him Bridget arried John ehbe, and was by grand f We - W m o bbe . M u les other John eston 7 . W, g , a ’

r or . 8 chevron between th ee wolves heads erased . W l s u e or . ehbe, g , a cross between three falcons . 9 S a lv in a r en t sa ble m , g , on a chief , two ullets of the ﬁrst, m ff a ullet for di erence .

1 6 S - S C H 9 ANNAL OF AN OLD MANOR HOU E .

1 6 P 1 1 M. . county in 5 9 and in 57 , was at the height of S The his plendour and popularity . expression of noble S m tateliness and power, with the wonderful astery over m the details of jewellery, lace, e broideries , and brocade, mark this portrait as a characteristic and excellent m ’ speci en of the painter s qualities . W M CO 5 . I L L I A PL E Y, with date and inscription

JETATI ° UfE 16 S S 55 20 .

W m C 1 6 16 illia opley, born 5 5, died 4 3 , was the son of Sir T m C ho as opley, whose escutcheons stand on the

C . m staircase, by atherine Luttrell He arried Magdalen u C m Pridea x, and was grandfather of Mary opley, arried W 16 The - John eston in 3 7 . picture, a half length life z Corn e lie z si e, is perhaps by one of the Janssens ( Janssens, 1 0 born 59 , died 6 O OTH D L W . Portrait of D R Y ARUN E L , Lady eston , ff a tat - ﬁ S . ve T in Marie tuart ru , about sixty . his now The hangs in the great hall . likeness to the large r m Zucche o portrait ( No . 4 ) is very arked . W . OH STO 7 Portrait of J N E N, husband of Mary

C 16 . opley, 3 7 8 C S W STO S . Portrait of FR A N E E N, youngest ister of W 1 0 m John eston , died 73 , last ale descendant of the m She m W m name and fa ily of the founder . arried illia W ff m ol e of Great Haseley, and their issue beca e extinct She in the second generation . was aunt of Melior Mary

’ 1 0 0 a ta t. (No . painted about 7 ( thirty) in the m 16 8 anner of Kneller (born 4 , died W MWO F F s m 9 . I L L I A L E of Great Ha eley, arried W 1 Frances eston , died 73 9 . He was son of John W ff ol e by Ann , granddaughter of Dorothy, sister of W a Richard eston, Earl of Portl nd . Picture by Hussey . x 1 PORTRAITS 197 W 10 . OH O FF 1 8 s . . J N L E , died 75 , p inscribed on back , Wo lfe a E id H u sse in xit o ce t t 1 . . . Joann , . eleven , 754 g y p W ff Portrait by Hussey . John ol e was the grandson of W W m W ff 8 . Frances eston (No . ) and illia ol e (No and was equally descended from the Westons of Sutton W . t and the estons of Prested Hall By his dea h, and

s . . the that of his brothers, all p , the blood of founder m beca e extinct, with the exception of Melior Mary . 1 1 O W STO 1 0 u n . ME L I R MA RY E N, born 7 3 , died ma 1 8 2 rried 7 half length , in the style of Kneller,

1 ce ta t painted about 72 3 ( . twenty) . 12 T H OM S W EB B E l m 1 8 0 . A of Fu ha , died 7 , father of W -W John ehbe eston full length, in rich lace coat . 1 T m T 3 . ANNE , his Wife, daughter of ho as ancred, full length . W - W 1 . OH EB B E STO S 4 J N E N, devisee of the utton 1 8 2 1 1 r . 2 estate, 7 , son of Nos and 3 , grandfathe of F . H .

S . . R A alvin Pastel by J Russell, . . , of Guildford, born 1 18 0 6 r 774, died , exhibited at the Guildfo d Exhibition , 1 8 79 . 1 — 5 . On staircase in western wing Portrait of Rev .

TH R N D R A ST . RT NO . FA E LE A E MA I (J Jones , a C 16 18 atholic B ishop, , and President of the Benedictine

6 - 16 ce - 1 ta t . Order 3 3 3 5, died 3 5, . sixty one He was m h m uc estee ed by Queen Henrietta Maria, and was one m of her advisers . He was in England during the ti e of Sir W Richard eston , the agriculturist, who was doubtless his host . 16 1 a ta t 16 . 0 . Portrait of a young lady, dated , W . T ma Sir eighteen his y be Jane eston , daughter of W S Richard eston the second, and ister of the agriculturist . h ir S e m S T m . arried ho as Bishop, Bart O ther historical portraits of ecclesiastics have not been - C H xi 198 ANNAL S OF AN OLD MANOR HOU SE .

The identiﬁed . landscapes and pictures on the staircases and passages seem to be without interest or history . There are a set of old engravings of French and Dutch Sir W the towns of the age of Richard eston , agriculturist, and doubtless brought by him from abroad . The pictu res in the living - rooms of the family are the property of Mr . Harrison, the lessee, and have no historical connection with the house .

2 0 0 S - E C H ANNAL OF AN OLD MANOR HOU S . of royal and historical characters whose arms and devices

s . are shown , they are of unusual intere t If we take the

historical associations of the hall itself, and follow up the m m m suggestions of the any heraldic coats and e ble s, we are carried into the stran ge and revolving picture of the

sixteenth century in Europe . The hall is profusely decorated with emblems of the s W Rose , both hite and Red, the badge of the union of the rival houses of York and Lancaster under the ﬁrst T udor king ; it has th e arms in full of Richard III . as s m m D uke of Glouce ter, and the e ble s of the battle of m Bosworth . During the ﬁfteenth century the anors of Woking and of Sutton had passed with strange rapidity m m fro one fa ily to another, and had reverted to and been

m . held by every king fro Henry IV . down to Henry VIII The estate was actually won back at the battle of W Bosworth to the Red Rose, and oking was the Of C m residence Margaret, ountess of Rich ond, during the latter part of her life ? It is most probable that the ﬁne glass of this age anterior to the house was brought either from the earlier house that stood on the same m m W m . anor, or fro the ansion at oking

’ was so fi n e t was e n as o e tor n s Co e e C e hat it tak a m d l Ki g ll g , ambridg , n s e 1 16 ﬁ i h d 5 . ’ For ss in n s Co e e C d e see Histor o Ca mbrid e a n d i ts gla Ki g ll g , ambri g , y f g d 18 ol xi s Colle es o esso s an . . C 8 0 v . . . . G s g , by Pr f r Willi J W lark , , i chap la ’ ’ in n s Co e e e n Be n F o e the n s e Ki g ll g , b gu by r ard l w r, Ki g glazi r, It on n e d o s re d an d e ose e ose en sol ed o n H K c tai p rtculli , whit r , whit r , hawth r , . . ,

H E o e n e as see n S on . Be n F o e e in 1 26 an d he . . , p m gra at , at utt r ard l w r di d 5 , n o to e d oubtle ss e xe cute d the pie ces a teri r that dat . 1 “ A bout 14 97 Margare t of Richmon d re tire d to he r patrimon y of o n in S e the n o - o se of een e e n en e W ki g urr y, ma r h u which had b r c tly larg d he e e xe he r o e an d e e she an d e e H e n . S r pair d by ry VII th r ﬁ d ab d , th r ! n ss on for n e r con ti n u e d to dw e ll with little i t ermi i the re mai d er of h life .

H s e d L : Ma r aret B eau o t . 1 . al t , iﬁ qf g f r , p 9 5 x 11 THE PAINTED GLAS S 2 0 1

The different epochs at which the glas s was designed are as follows T m m m 1. here are so e agniﬁcent speci ens of the m ﬁnest painted glass of the time of Henry V I II . So e of these are identical with pieces still to be found in ’ W . S C m m Henry VI I hapel at est inster, and so e others are exactly si milar to designs now in the stone or metal

work in the chapel .

2 . Much of the original glas s placed here by the m T founder, and of his date, still re ains . his is as ﬁne as n in execution any exta t of the period, and is probably by the same hand or from the same works as the glass in ’

C C m . the chapel of King s ollege, a bridge an d m m 3 . Another series of heraldic coats e ble s C m r belongs to the opley fa ily, and was p obably brought m m e 16 fro their ansions and ins rted here about 3 7, when

other restorations took place . m 4 . From ti e to time additions were made in the m upper windows, possibly fro neighbouring houses or r f om dilapidated chapels in Guildford . Many of these m are connected with the Onslow and allied fa ilies . m 5 . Lastly, it appears fro inscriptions cut with a diamond in some of the upper windows that the glass W 1 2 was repaired ﬁrst by John eston in 7 4, and secondly 1 in 84 4 . Amongst the most noteworthy of the coats and emblems in the windows of the hall are the follow i n g

1. m s A series of coats of ar s, crowns , crests, and badge Sir for Henry V II . , the battle of Bosworth , Reginald Bo u rchie r r B o u rchie r Bray, Lord , A chbishop , the

B eaufort portcullis crowned, and the badges of Henry

VI I . and Elizabeth of York, red and white rose united . 2 0 2 S - S CH ANNAL OF AN OLD MANOR HOU E . W 2 . en soleil m a hite rose , and ar s of Rich rd , Duke of u Glo cester . m . m 3 Ar s of Henry VIII . i paling those of Catherine of Aragon also arms of King Arthur and badge of

Catherine . m T m 4 . Ar s of ho as, second Duke of Norfolk, the lo dde n T m victor of F ; of ho as , second Earl of Derby, Of m W m and E dward, third Earl Derby the ar s of illia itzalan 1 2 S F , thirteenth Earl of Arundel, 5 4 of tephen W W Gardiner, B ishop of inchester, and B ishop hite of W inchester . All of these are very ﬁne speci mens of the best work S of the early ixteenth century . T e m W . h Sir . 5 ar s, crests, and devices of R eston , m - in the founder, and others of his fa ily, also of his son Sir W — law, alter Dennys, quartering Berkeley all very m 1 ﬁne speci ens of glass of 53 0 . 6 The S m . badge and crown of Jane ey our (a splendid S m m m peci en) , the ar s of Philip and Mary i paled, and a portrait of Charles II . in painted glass . C C S 7 . A series of coats of the opley, ecil, hirley, m Paulet, and Onslow fa ilies of the seventeenth century . m m 8 . A series of Dutch e ble s , grotesques, and scenes , m scriptural and rustic, of the iddle of the seventeenth The 16 0 16 2 century . dates 3 , 9, and reference to a book

16 . published in 3 5, occur here The following is an exact account of the glass now found in the hall . For purposes of reference the windows m are referred to by a large Ro an ﬁgure, the lights in each m window by a large Arabic nu eral . ( For convenience, the lights below the transoms are numbered as disti n ct The m m lights ) . nu bering of the windows begins fro the west end of the upper story of the north side of the hall .

C TS S ETC W WS O A OF ARM , , I N I N DO

d No I hVi n ow .

I — was o n the e an d re d os e e as I . . HERE rigi ally whit r unit d, in I e I n e n e the o s c n e or 5 I I . 1 tc . . , , the c tr p rtculli hai d , for the e a o am o r e of on e B uf rt f ily H nry VII . In place cor t o r c o n the e of c o n e a e o e o r w is h ad a king r w d in ur l , pr bably for the C on e s o T s is ﬁ n e ss o f the Edward f s r . hi old gla e n of h S n T s e e has e e n b gi n ni g t e ixte e nth c e tury. hi pi c b re pair e d with old fragme nts r ep r e se nting ﬂowe r s and o th e r e c e s o o s u se in e in o e n o the d vi , bvi u ly d quarri s l w r wi d ws, but

e ce s are o n n ot e e n the o e . I n the pi all rigi al , if arli r tha h us e o f s e e are two co s of m n ot s e om the sid s thi pi c at ar s , vi ibl fr o an d e e n e n s T ar n o in o o . e e t ﬂ r, vid tly lat additi h y full co o s an d are e n n e n e for the fo o n l ur , appar tly i t d d ll wi g ‘ H OL ROFI n C CH TH o n c . C C e A quarteri g UL E , unty La ast r ,

m a n S . Sir T. o o 1 8 ma e e i p li g JENNING H lcr ft, 53 , rri d daught r

e e ss o f n n of o o . and h ir N . Jen i gs P ynt n

1 . A r en t o s an d o e e e sabl e for and 4 g , a cr s b rdur ngrail d ,

O C OFT o c o Co n an c e . H L R of H l r ft, u ty L ast r

2 A r en t an e e s e on an n r. . g , agl di played pr ying i fant pp , s e ules n e or C C H TH of n c s e . waddl d g , ba d d , UL E La a t r Ar en t ff se e an a ure me or C CH TH o f 3 . g , a gri in gr t z , ar d , UL E ’ — i L B in e s s ist La sh re 12 . HO e e H . n ca . C e s e . S a h t r qf , iii 9 S C ROFT imp al e s JENNING . C H x11 TH E T SS 2 0 . PAIN ED GLA 5

Ar en t on e e ules e e e z S I an d . 4 . g , a f ss g , thr b ants, JENNING ’ 2 Ar en t e o e sa ble me or for and 3 . g , a bull s h ad cab ss d , ar d , S s i — n s G en eal o STO m a n I I 1 S e e . . DUN N . a e . . J P Ryla d , gy o Holcro t 18 f f , 77 . The e o o be CHO SO B . s c nd c at appears to for NI L N quarter n ROMONDE i g F .

1 an d Ermin e on sable e m e ar en t 4 . , a pale , thre artl ts g . 2 an d Ermin e o n e e n e e e de l s or 3 . , a chevr b twe thr fl urs y . ROMON DE—W m C e o 1 6 se F illia opl y, b rn 5 5, who p ortrait is in m e e Fromon de was n a e the hall , arri d Margar t , and gra df th r o f C e who ma e We on Mary opl y, rri d John st . 2 —The ms o f the Se e W n s m e I. . ar of i che ter i pal d with o OH WH T o W e s e 1 - viz th se of J N I E, Bish p of inch t r, 557 59, . e o m e or ul es e e e party per ch vr n, e battl d and g , thr e ros s count r c n e vert On e of the n e e ha g d, slipped . a chi f seco d, thr - me of the fi The o e o s e ar en t . h ur gla s s, g , fra d rst wh l sur o n the The m e e n n e an d r u ded with Garter . itr has be i jur d e e me n s T e e m e e n e r p lac d by frag t . h s ar s w r gra t d by e c e K n in 1 D thi k , Gart r i g 557 . o W e was n o who re e on the J hn hit a Maria Bish p , sign d s on z e S a e in the o se f acce s i of Eli ab th . utton Pl c is di ce o W n e e i ch st r . T s e e o f fin e an d the e fi e hi pi c glass is very , dat is x d by

the am m the o se e . e o The B l az on f ily ar s of Bish p ( R B df rd, o E isco ac 10 W e n Arms o the En lish f p p y , p . 3 , and arr , f g E isco ate p p ) . — r m to an d of e o f I o c e o s I . 1 . 3 . P rtcullis hain d , i ilar , dat o e m n Re d o e r me om the h us . Re ai s of a R s with f ag nts fr o e n o s o s e om the o e s l w r wi d w , ﬂ wer and devic s fr riginal quarri , o ak e e s o an d e o f S m e o . so two l av , r ses, daisi s a e p ri d Al e i o s shi lds A and B ( n ot n col ur ) . '

C o two c osse e e in a e . A . r wn and r s patt p l Ermin e e ron e e e e de or B . , a ch v b tw n three ﬂ urs lys , ROMONDE F . I n the pl ace o f the c rown o ve r the p o rtcullis is n ow the 2 0 6 S - S c u ANNAL OF AN OLD MANOR HOU E .

e o f n e o e w e e in h ad an a g l , c rr sponding ith the crown d h ad

e o I . 1 aur le in . — e m e of f me s n I . 4 . Entir ly ad up rag nt , pri cipally archi te ctu ral o s e o some e e s o f ﬂe ur de can pie , lat G thic, with pi c l s e e tc e e e e - ce r o y , Gart r , of s v nt nth ntu y w rk . — W . A e an Re d o e e the I . 5 v ry gr d hite and R s unit d with C o n of T is e n c in o o an d r w Henry VII . his id ti al c l ur draw ’ in h s I I s W g with t e similar ro e in H e nry V . Chape l at e st m n s e ma be e to b e om o s o o f i t r, and y tak n fr the w rk h p e e or his s e o s 1 1 - 2 o e s s B rnard Flow r ucc ss r , 5 5 5. D ubtl s thi e c me n o m e m e s s in I I 3 sp i , c par d with si ilar unit d ro e . and

I I I . 5 e u s oo e o n e s n the , giv s a g d id a of the rigi al d ig in upp e r windows . In on e of the l oze nge pan e s b e l ow this th e re is the foll ow in g inscripti on cu t with a diamon d was e az n e m s C s an T s . hi Hall r gl ed by Pai t r Ja e ruik h k , M r n o f 2 e s S e S an o on D . Lai g Villi r tre t, tr d, L nd , in Ap ril — 6 , T n an e o e c o o n a I . his light co tains lab rat at with r me n m n n r o f s e e - e o tal a tli g, appa ently ixt nth c ntury w rk z e n an d m n e e ffe e e s e e n (Eli ab tha ) , a y pi c s of di r nt dat , vid tly The mos e m coll e cte d fr om oth e r windows . t r arkable are o e ce of the C n a o s f ur d vi s row in H wth rn Bu h, and the for e n n . . . a d z e i itials H and E H nry VII Eli ab th of Yo rk . T e e are e e e e the o e o an d w be h s b tt r s n in l w r s uth bay, ill T e r o e e e o de sc rib e d th e re . h re a e th r d vi c s fr m the original

e are oa s C . o . e s e s w rk B id ther several c t , A, B , Az ure e s e s ar en t in e for e A . , thr e altir g pal , LANE quart r in MALMAY NBS STRETLEY of o am SS o f g , N rth pton , HU EY T e s are as o o D o rset . h e f ll ws e s ar en t e os m f I . A ure e e or z , thr saltir g in pal , p sibly eant

LANE .

2 . A ure se e os os e or o s z , a fes b tween six cr s cr sl ts , p s ibly o al s for LANE . A z ure e e s s s co e a r en t MA L 3 . , thr ini ter gauntlet up d g ,

MAYNE S .

2 - c u 0 8 ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOU SE .

— e m of m n ﬁ e Re d an d W e n e II . 3 . R ains a ag i c nt hit u it d in e r m ose an d C o n m to I . 5 R r w , si ilar that , evid ntly f o the s o s C in h e n same wo rk h p as th e Ro e an d r own t e n xt wi dow. I n are two s e s o e e n m Of the sides hi ld , b th alik , b i g the ar s S O ar en t e se ul es e e e six C s o s ON L W, g , a f s g b tw n orni h ch ugh ' ’ o e 2 an d I m n c o e s e pr p r, 3 , , , i pali g a at, thr e buck h ad c o e 2 an d I c n n or n o t o e se e . ab ss d ( ) , a a to , th rwi tinctur d I I —I n e e s m s e o n to I 4 . 4 . this larg shi ld, i ilar in hap rigi ally . me n s Tw mon I . 6 are ome e . e the o and , s v ry old frag t have H in he m of on e o f m . o t gra , cr wned for the Drag , the badg I e n o e . t e e e . 5 o e H nry VII is b tt r s n in V , a l w r wi d w ; o C own in o s an d ome ﬁn e me n s als the r Hawth rn Bu h , s frag t o f m n o n I n m o f s n e e a tling ( rigi al) . the idst thi is i s rt d a s e of m e o an d e o n m o f hi ld uch inf ri r lat r w rk , bei g the ar s e ON S LOW with th e ir quart rings . — h C G uler on e on or e m e ra /e . ARR , a ch vr , thr e ull ts — T HTO of C e e Ar en t e e rah/e . HAUG N h st r g , thr bars his ’ o m e —ra hl e c e on e e e re e e e s e c at i pal s , a h vr b tw n th l p hant h ads e a e ar en t e or c e or ; o for S SSO o f r s d g , tusk d , a hi f p ssibly HU KI N a S se e ar e s e o . E rth , us x, but the tinctur s indi tinct and v ry d ubtful —T e n e e e the m II . 5. his v ry i t r sting pi e ce giv s ar s of Arch s o B OU RCH I ER i B r hie r . o e a m tre c s o ou c bi h p Ab v is . Ar hbi h p c o n e n in We s m n e e c o e 1 8 r w ed H ry VII . t i st r Abb y, O t b r 4 5, n d m e n o f 6 a . t z e o o n u 1 8 . arri d He ry VII Eli ab th Y rk , Ja ary 4 T ma a om om an o e o se e the his y h ve c e fr ld r h u , p rhaps o n o of Wo n on the s e n e of a e R yal Ma r ki g, l g re id c Marg r t ’ m T e a o e s o . he o s o s B uf rt, H nry ther c at h w i e . First grand quart r , quarterly d Ar en t s e n e ulef we e t an . 4 g , a cros grail d g bet n four h/ OU R R e o ra e B C H I E . wat r b ugets , ’ n G ul r bill e e or e ar en t 2 a d . e tte OV e all 3 , , a f sse g , L AIN, ov r ' e o f e e oin ts uler on e o n e e on c s a lab l thr p g , ach p i t thr li el o rampan t r . S e con n e e —Or n d v S . a ert . ii d gra d quart r, quart rly , BERNER

as . . as . iii . ii iv i G SS 2 0 xi 1 THE PAINTED LA 9 — o in sma s e s c e e ss me e are ONSLow Al s ll hi ld , ar l ly nd d, ’ m n e e s a s e s c os e J a hl e c on or i . i pali g thr t g h ad ab s d , a ant ( ) m n o f the o n I n thi s ve ry ﬁn e o ld de sign the r e are a y rigi al o n ame e c e s ﬂe u r de l s e i e o f o n a r ntal pi , y , d v c s birds , and r

me ntal initial s an d mon ograms .

On e of th e se is Al so appar e n tly a

’ ’ me r c hant s or arti st s mon ogram

f r ir i a so T C . o e s T om s T e e s . o S Co e h r l , d ubtl s h a pl y, i S n o n me th n an d . P . o e e . e n c I , b th w th tri g r a nts in H ri II Fr h manne r ( I T e are o e n of e e two m s e s h re als , app ar tly lat r dat , s all hi ld s T e e are a n f W o f e ight quarte ring . h s (A) ap p r e tly or illi am Ce c e o of e e 16 1 m e za e il , s c nd Earl Ex t r, 3 , arri d Lady Eli b th fMan n e rS a on e s OOS o e of , B r s R , nly daught r Edward , third Earl —S e e eial B aron a e o En l a d O n . of a . e . Rutl nd J Doyl , ﬁ g f g , i

16 an d . I 0 . 7 , iii 9

Th e se coats are (A) CECIL impali n g MANNERS . 1 a o f te n ar en t az ure o e al l Six e scu t (A) . B rry , g and , v r che on s 2 I rah/e e ac c a e w on ce m a o f , 3 , , , , h h rg d ith a li l ra p nt

the ﬁrs C C . t, E IL 2 Pe r a e ules an d a ure o m ar en t o . p l g z , a li n ra pant g , h ld in e e e ca e vert WY ST N of e e o N O . g a tr radi t d , H r f rd P - 2 10 ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOU SE C H .

ley . Or two a a ure c e e a ure an d u 3 , b rs z , a hi f quart rly z g , 1 an d e two He s de l s 2 o n 4 charg d with ur y , and 3 with a li

ss or S . pa ant guardant, all , MANNER

G uler e e e ou e ar en t DE . 4 . , thr wat r b g ts g , Roos l e V . o e n u er ar n t . 5 (Br k ) g , a salti re g , NE ILL 6 Or et r e t rah/e N Ee L . ul c o a n , fretty g , on a ant n g , a ship , o f m e Bul r .

/ r e or. . G u e o ss n an ar en t o 7 , a li n pa a t guard t g , cr wn d

ler n o o e ar en t. 8 . G u e e on ss a r , thr li s pa ant gu rda t , a b rdur g (B) Quarte rly of e ight 1 6 Ermin e e :ahle e e m e s ar en t and . , on a p al , thr artl t g , CHO S NI L ON .

2 . G ulet e n c se e e n e e o s and 5 , a ch vro otti d b tw e thr e tr f il , s e or lip p d . ’ wo e s . Ar en t on e rah/e or a ure e e n t 3 g , a b nd ( z ) , b tw e eagl e a s e e o e ar en t o e e n e rah/e or h d ras d, a r s g , a b rdur grail d ( a u e z r ) .

l t m e s J ahle . . G u e on e w ar en t e e 4 , a b nd avy g , thr artl t ’ hl . A r en t e s e e e e e o e s e e J a e . 7 g , a f s b twe n thr b ars h ad ras d

8 . A r en t e o e e uler e e e e e g , a ch vr n ngrail d g betw n thr bugl o ra h/e s n e or TI T h rns , tri g d , PE . - he s n n e an d 6 . m . T e in s has e e II d ig thi light b n uch i jur d, the c e n tr e r e p l ace d with a ve ry p oo r and late Rose in Garte r

T e are n with Cr own . h e r four i itial l e tte r s

w ce e n for Sir e We on 1 6 0 T e e is (t i ) , app ar tly H nry st , 5 . h r

so an . c o e . . w the C o wn in the al M r wn d, and H E ith r

a o n T e e . T e se are of e a e e The ma H wth r r h rli r dat . M . y S n for e e n o a is for e e e ta d Qu Mary, but p r b bly Margar t, Qu n o f S o an or e e n o f n e o S s e s o f c tl d, Mary , Qu Fra c , b th i t r e V I I Sir We n was o n e f th s H nry I . Richard sto o e k n ight who we n t with Mary Tudo r to Fr ance on her marriage with o s 1 1 L ui XII . in 5 4 .

- E C H 2 12 ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOU S .

W e for . arn e ford se e I V . 5 . de vi c R ,

—T s o n n s me n s o f o n a III . 4 . hi light c tai , with frag t rigi l e ce s e m c mo e e ce n co of ST S d vi , a larg and u h r r t at RANGEWAY e n TC FF an d m n O SO of on on quart ri g RA LI E, i p ali g H W N L d The c e s on ss ar en t an d ules h as e e n r t, a li pa ant paly g g , b n e a s r e ve r se d i r p ir . ST S sahle two on s in e o f six RANGEWAY is , li s pas ant p al , paly , l s argen t an d g u e . TC FF o f sse is ar en t e e a e sa hle an RA LI E E x g , a b nd ngr il d , n e sa hle e scall o p i chi f , O SO e ar en t sahle o o n e s o e H W N , quart rly g and , f ur r u d l c unt r

chan ge d . he e e o is 16 2 1 T dat b l w . ir n s o M P e m C e I m z e S . . . . . e R O l w, , t p harl s , arri d Eli ab th ,

a e an d e e ss o f S n e wa s Co n am. d ught r h ir Richard tra g y , u ty Durh T e e are so two sm o s e h r al all c at at sid .

S ame as I 1 B . e s a e o e ce o A . . , , cr t, l pard pi r d thr ugh with o an arr w . O NSLow m n S n f r ff e n e c s e o e c . B . i p ali g WAN, a re c t di r — is m ﬁ I I I . e e e n he o ld Re d . 5 H r a agni c t spe c ime n o f t an d W e ose n e s e e e or the c ow o f e n r hit R u it d, d d , with r n H y T is o e ss om the s me s who o e VII . his d ubtl fr a arti t pr duc d the o se s in We s m n s e e com e I R t i t r Abb y ( p ar . 6 —T n n e is ﬁn e S me n . . I n e III his light is u i jur d . it a p ci of the c o o f ST S a e n TC FF at RANGEWAY qu rt ri g RA LI E , with m e s com e e o as in the ms an d o a e antling, cr t pl t , a li n ar , als d t d

16 2 1. S me e e s e of co I I I 4 se e a as d xt r id at . , which .

I an d ST S . 4 . RANGEWAY

2 an d . Ar en t e n e e sahle in e an 3 g , a b d ngrail d , chi f s hle FF s e sc o a TC of s e . all p , RA LI E E x XI I THE PAINTED GLASS 2 13

o m h C par e t e O n sl ow quarte ri n gs in the an c i e n t glass n ows o f We s C on C an d the ﬁn e m n e wi d t land hurch , illu i at d e e e of the m in osse ss on o f the of ow p digr fa ily the p i Earl Onsl .

Wi n dow o [ N . V —W . 1. e e e e e e e c e ﬁn e e s n IV hav h r , n arly p rf t, a v ry d ig co e m o the o se an d of the ﬁn e s ss o f the nt p rary with h u , t gla l e o p ri d .

the co of m a f e K G o . It is at ar s of Edward, third E rl D rby, . , m n ose o f his ﬁ s e o o a e o f T o m s i p ali g th r t wif , D r thy, d ught r h a , e of o o The co o n e is n n H e ma se cond Duk N rf lk . r t wa ti g . y n ot s me e ce e e to the e the ss is at thi ti hav suc d d titl , if gla n e arli e r th a 152 2 . The ms of s e of o o his e - in - l aw are ar thi Duk N rf lk , fath r , o in IV . 3 an d o e T om s e con o f e f und , th s of h a , s d Earl D rby,

a are I V . 3 . his f ther, in T s o f e c e e e his a e 1 2 2 hi Edward, Earl D rby, su c d d f th r in 5 , an d was thi rd in de sce n t from the L o rd D e rby who con tribute d to the o o o He was S e the vict ry at B sw rth . High t ward at c o o n on o f e e n a an d was C m e n of C e s e r ati Qu M ry, ha b rlai h t r n H e e z e . was e e e for m n ﬁ e c e u d r Eli ab th c l brat d his ag i c n . H e e in 1 2 T s co ma a e om an e te di d 57 . hi at y d t fr y y ar af r m e se e Memoirs o the House o S tan le to his arriag ( f f y , 4 , . The quarte rs for Howard on the fe me S ide are quite m o ose of h n ar n S t t e e o f o o in I V . 3 a d e o i ilar th Duk N rf lk , ou o f the me a e d bt sa g . It will b e o bse rve d that the coats of the L o rds D e rby h e r e

1 be n o e e in as in e in the o s ules o I V 1 IV . 3 It will tic d that c at g (b th h r . , ,

. 1 3 VI 3 an d in so the e n is o e n n o ff V , V. , . , uth bay) patt r pr duc d by gri di g e s r d o n the ruby glass so as to produce white o r ye llow o bj ct on a e gr u d . T s is n ow e fe e ﬂu oric The u se of the on was n ot n o n hi f ct d by acid . diam d k w e o e the se e n een e n The ss e e n n e in b f r v t th c tury . ruby gla b cam gradually thi r s e ss e e s The e fe of s o e ss is of an n o the e ucc iv ag . f ct thi pr c that i tagli , charg ' e n e n e e s e on the ﬁ e l d —S e e n s on St le in A n eien t la ss b i g grav d lik a al . Wi t , y l G n 1 n c es o la ss- a in tin t i l . ain i 8 . 11 H . . o e i G . P g , 4 7 , p 9 5 J P w ll , Pr p f P g , p 99 - 2 14 ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOU SE C H . an d in 1 ffe e an d are o e m V . di r v ry slightly, b th n arly the sa e as ose e e se n e on the on z om o f e th r pr t d br e t b Margar t, Co n e ss o f mon in We s m e e for e u t Rich d, t inst r Abb y, th ir ce s o he r n an t r, third husba d . The co Of of at Edward, third Earl Derby, is s n e e i . Fir t gra d quart r, quart rly 1 an d ST —Ar en t e n a ure re e 4 . ANLEY g , on a b d z , th ’ e c o e or bucks h ads ab ss d . 2 an d THOM— Or o n c e e e a ure 3 . LA , a hi f ind nt d z , e e e thr p lat s . an d S OE MAN c o f e was n ii . iii . I LE , of whi h Earl D rby ki g. G ules e e e s o o n e in the e sse o in a mo o e , thr l g c nj i d f p int r ur pr p r, or garni sh e d and sp urr e d . e iv. Quart rly — 1 an d . ST G ules two n s n n in 4 RANGE , lio s pas a t guarda t e ar en t pal g . 2 WI DVI LLE—Ar en t e se an d c on ules . g , a f s ant g . —Or c s e n e sa . OH os hl e 3 M UN , a r grail d . On an e s c e on of e ce is DE MONTA LT a ure cut h pr ten , z , a on m n ar en t li ra p a t g . S e e e Westmin ster Ahhe Tom o f e o f Brayl y, y , b Margar t

c mon ; . o e B aron a e . . Ri h d J D yl , g , i 553 The on ly diffe r e n ce b e twe e n the se coats is that the coat o f W e . l e s of the son IV 1 the fath r, V , quart r ARREN ; that , . , s so OH quarte r al M UN . It will be o b se rv e d that the quarte ri n g o f Widvill e in is or e e an d c n on ules Or is e n an IV . 1 . e e o , a f ss a t g vid tly rr r for ar en t is co e c o in 1 an d in u e so g . It rr tly sh wn V . , pp r uth bay 3 . b n o c e e e s o w e VI . 1 n or a o f It ill ti d that n ith r thi c at, , th t the e of o o I V . 3 n or of the se con o f Duk N rf lk , , that d Earl S ow an e s o f the m e . 1 e D rby, V , h y trac Garter , as th y all i pale ms of e e s the ar th ir wiv . The m o f o o e o f T om s e o f ar s D r thy, daught r h a , Duk n o n h s T o o are e t e eme e . e are o o s N rf lk , giv f id h y as f ll w

2 16 S - H ANNAL OF AN OLD MANOR HOU SE C .

a e o f he o n o The co o e is m e . o e d t t f u dati n . r n t da ag d N t the ﬁe o f s e e c se that ld ruby glas is d ply in i d, to show the e s T the o o f T om e on e of charg . his is c at h as, s c d Duk K G T o . . o e s e Norf lk , Earl Marshal , , and L rd r a ur r h e of H e omm he n s e 1 2 t e a e . e t di d 5 4 , at g ighty c and d E gli h the o f o e n e e me s of Sco an at battle Fl dd , wh r Ja IV . tl d ‘ H as hl st was e 1 1 . e w T e u of w kill d, 5 3 r as rer England W - e Sir . e s on was e T H e was r n f ht R t Und r reasurer . g a d a r the e C e o an d n o e n an d of Que ns ath rine H ward An e B l y , so a e n e he was al of Marg r t Howard, Lady Aru d ll , and thus e - n a e o o We o n On gr at gra df th r of D r thy, Lady st the e me e are the ms of T n T —Ar en t f sid ar il ey. ILNEY g , a ’ e on e e riﬁin s e s e e ules b e al e d or . ch vr b tween thr e g h ad ras d g , Th e e m e s z e e Duk arried succ sively Eli ab th , daught r and e e s Sir e e c T n e n e s S s e an d e e ss h ir s of Fr d ri k il y, and Ag , i t r h ir T n T s who of Sir e . co is for se co fe Philip il y hi at the nd wi , mo e o o Co e ss of e in was IV I . th r of D r thy, unt D rby, . T s o of the e of o o so for hi c at Duk N rf lk , and al that

o o e I V . 1 o e e n e re s D r thy, his daught r, , sh w a v ry gr at and i t t The ms o n he e s of o o in g p e culiarity. ar b r e by t Duk N rf lk are as is e o n , w ll kn w Howard 1. .

2 En l an d d eren eed for T m e o son of . g ( if ) , ho as de Broth rt n,

Edward I . W r n a re . 3 .

h a or e e Fitz ala Th t o Moso r n . e w o in 4 . y ( r c ntly ) c ats th e s e lights (about which ther e can n ot be the l e ast d oub t that th e y r e pr e sent the N orfo l k arms at the date Show - s in s s 2 Howard W 1 n o o c . . arren . Bla k (l t) b th a e ; ; 3

e ed s e d e an d e ess of S ir T o s Fe on latt r marri ﬁr t Elizab th , aught r h ir h ma lt , n se on E e e an d e e ss of S I R I CH LA WI CKJ NG K ight ; c d , lizab th , daught r h ir N O S HA M n o he an on d e n n e e to S ir , K ight , by wh m had ly aught r, A , marri d e o ff e B en or Bo e n n o o of on on E e n o G r y ull l y , K ight , L rd May r L d third , l a r, e of Le o o e s s s e an d e n co- e to o d daught r , L rd W ll , i t r at l gth h ir Richard , L r e s The e of T o s o H oo an d H s n s e n o W ll . daught r h ma , L rd a ti g , by El a r, ” e of o e s was n n e or n e e to Sir o e Co e daught r L rd W ll , A ( Ja ) , marri d R g r pl y . x11 THE PAINTED GLASS 2 17

Mowhra m o o in o the 4 . y . Exa inati n sh ws that b th cases as e n the m o was n e for e o gl s b ari g ar s of H ward pai t d the s c nd,

n ot for fi . n on fi and the rst quarter U questi ably, the rst quarte r in b oth was occ upi e d by the mi ssi n g arms of de f e B rotherton oss the e o e c . , p ibly without lab l cad n y It is w ll n o o S an son of T om k wn that L rd urrey, the gr d this h as, e o n of o o was e e so T om the s c d Duke N rf lk , xecut d, and al h as, e the son of the e o e was a n e third Duk , s c nd Duk , att i t d in 1 6 o n e of on on e of the oo e 54 charg s high treas , pr fs b ing that e n h o m o o the o m . T e th y had i pr p erly b r e r yal ar s Duke, up n m e he o n e the ms of De o e his trial , ad itt d that had b r ar Br th r ’ ton in the fi se e o e S tate Trials v ol . . . rst quarter ( H w ll s , i p 4 57 ,

Co e on o f T om u e of o o 8 H e n . . nf ssi h as , D k N rf lk , 3 VIII ” do e s on e s he s s to the e I lik wi e c f s, ay , that p ril , ’ S n e s e son of K n e s an d o e la d r , and di inh ri the i g s Maj ty his n bl so n n e son an d e e n a e n , Pri c Edward, his h i r appar t, I h v agai st al l right u n justly an d with out autho rity bor n e in the ﬁrst quarte r o f my arms e ve r S ince the death of my fathe r the arms of n n w ffe e the of S e E gla d, ith a di renc of labels ilv r whi ch I k n ow and con fe ss by the laws of the r e alm to b e ” T e on T e e to n o e n e m e of High r as . h r is said be xta t xa p l e n in s of the mse this p culiar quarteri g the ca e Duke hi lf. But the r oyal li ons were b o r n e in the ﬁrst quarte r by some m e s ff e e S o n m. fa ili at that dat , .g . by ta rd, Duke of Bucki gha is o n of W m e e e — e e e de It f u d in seals illia B rk l y d xt r sid , B roth rto e n s n e S e B erkel e . so o f z e ; i ist r id , y Al Eli ab th, c e s o —e e S e de B rotherton Du h s of Norf lk , which is d xt r id , , n s e e Howard n Wa e I n h a d rren . t e si i t r sid , , quart rly Memorials o Howard e o 18 o o in f , by H nry H ward, 3 4 , f li , p . 9, o of the o of l odde n om oo of e a p rtrait vict r F , fr a b k h raldry, — 1 a m are a e e 1 2 . o 597 , the r s qu rt r d . Brotherton H ward ; W 1 . r o 3 ar en ; 4 . M wbray .

1 A n e x e of the s of o n H o d s D e of o o ampl arm J h war , ﬁr t uk N rf lk, with the o s o f De B rotherton in the s e is to be o n in MS r yal arm ﬁr t quart r, f u d . ’ o s e ss M e e f in the Co e e of s S . o C e s B e Philp tt Pr , ll g Arm ( L tt r harl A . uckl r) . 2 18 S - S H ANNAL OF AN OLD MANOR HOU E C .

e e e e S o so n a the Doubtl ss th y w r h wn here origi lly . But on n e of o S e an d in 1 6 the com attai d r L rd urr y the Duke, 54 , pr omising lions of Englan d we r e rude ly r e move d by the ow We on the n e n o e wid , Lady st , or by A ne Pick ri g wh s s Sir W s on e n te n e s hu band, Francis e t , had b e executed y ar e o T ow w m as we m s h . e t e b f re hese wind s, if assu e, u t, that ﬁ s e o n o the o m e r t quart r c ntai ed riginally r yal ar s, are quit n e e n e n ce the o s e s o o i d p nde t vide that H ward , Duk of N rf lk , o n e e o o m in e e n e n a on had b r th ir c at in that f r a p r c di g g er ti , an d we - two e e o e the e An d t nty y ars b f r attaind r . it will be o ce e e e so o n in the of o e e in n ti d that th y w r sh w hall a c ll agu , e e n Wo e om e c . C whi h it is c rtain that H ry VIII , ls y, r w ll , and o th e r ministe rs of the ki n g wer e fr e que n tly in c ouncil with him ow n e w o n the mon o . It thr s light str us absurdity and i n iquity of this particul ar charge agai n st the Duk e and the f Earl o Surr ey . I n ffi o f s e of o o o n om the brass e gy thi Duk N rf lk , his t b at T o m are e n m ose o f T n e for hetf rd, his ar s giv i paling th il y his w M morial s w e e se e . o e . if , Agn s ( H H ard, , p - me n s o f e s e me n e the S ffo IV . 4 . Frag t h ad , rud ly d d, ta rd f h n o an d o t e e . k t, a bit Gart r —A of o o s e e o f o n s IV . 5. quarry f ur curi u d vic s rigi al gla s h e - n o n B ou rchie r o o m n o e two are t e w ll k w kn t f r i g a d ubl B . Sir o n B ou rchie r o e n e s the mo o e t o J h , L rd B r r , fa us s ldi r, au h r an d e sm n was e e n n o f C s 1 2 1- 2 an d e e stat a , Li ut a t alai 5 3 , th r 2 Sir We on was e T e e he di e d in 153 . R . st at that dat r asur r ir o n B ou rchie r o e n e was C e o Of C s . S alai J h , L rd B r rs, hanc ll r ir We s on was e - T e S e . o f the Exch e qu e r whilst R . t Und r r asur r H e was the e n o f C on n s o of o ss an d fri d axt , the tra lat r Fr i art, e mo o f ose who in the a e o f e n o n e of the fo r st th g H ry VIII . s o o f o e n e pr omote d the e xt e n i n Eur p a cultur . — H e r e is al so a coat Party p e r fe sse e mbattl e d argen t an d ’ sahle Sic six c osse s e e co n e c n e [ ], r patt , 3 and 3 u t r ha g d, a c e ce for ffe e n e . mo o r s nt di r c A tt , DA MIHI FERRE r he n R W T s m s R CES e c S e a e t s . . C V . At a h id i itial hi u t

2 20 S - S C H ANNAL OF AN OLD MANOR HOU E .

’ n d o B an ks s orman t a n a e v ol 11 o a D B ro . Papw rth M rant ; g , . o o i om me e to O I e tc The N . s e S . ) c at, 4 , s ti s attribut d M E , so e of ST S T o e c o n to al a b aring HA ING . his L rd D rby, a c rdi g

Co . was s o n K n ton o S e an d S e llins, iii , Vi c u t y , L rd tanl y trang , o Kn ok n e B u rn al o L rd of y , Mohun, Bass t, , and Lacy, L rd

o f Man an d the e . e n e S s e of e o e Isl s His wif , A n , i t r G rg s s of n on was a e o f o s n s Ha ting , Earl Hunti gd , d ught r L rd Ha ti g , who was in his e o n e o Botre au x , right of wif , L rd Hu g rf rd, , Mol e n s Mo e l s an d de orn e n e s e n s y , , H t . He ce th e quart ri g . T e n e e to e n a e 2 2 1 h y are explai d by ref rence the pedigre o p g . 2 —A m n ﬁ e n e o f S e the e S I R V . . ag i c t h ad arac n , cr st of CH D W STO se e 8 8 RI AR E N ( chap . iii . p . , and chap . vii . p . “ T w w e tu n e n an d . e e m ith r ath and , gre , blue, red his s s

e e e an d is on e o f the o ie ce s in situ . o n arly p rf ct, riginal p D ubt e s e e of n o e ﬁ e i s l s s v ral the lower wi d ws w re ll d w th these head . m o e o NO n d C . 5 a . 2. o pare l w r s uth bay , X —A e ﬁn e CO e e e the V . 3 . v ry coat of PLEY, n arly p rf ct, quarte rings of which are all shown in the painte d e scutch e on s a e 1 6 8 se e o e e e d t d 5 ( chap . xi . ) But this c at is evid ntly arli r ,

an d the e of the o se or o e s . of dat h u , sh rtly aft rward It is quarterly Of six

' 1 Cop LEx—Ar en t s m sahl e cre sc e n t for . g , a cro s oline , a ff n e di e re c . 2 — g arte rl sahle an d a r en t . Hoo O y g . — ix c se s ST. M A zure e ss e e we e s o s c o e 3 . O ER , a f b t n r s r s l t ’ n s Dorman t B aron a e or e e e Ban ks s . , a quart ri g of Hoo ( g , iii W 6 an d s e o f Sir . n e o e 1 10 3 7 al o the s al de Hu g rf rd, di d 4 ,

A rchae ol o ieal ourn al . 1 T s e e e e o e n g j , xiii 9 hi pi c has b n br k

e n e The e s e in ST. M has e e t e an d badly m d d . f s O ER b n e a me of S H e its e e plac d by frag nt ELLEY, turn d on sid in a v ry ms wa The m Sir o e Co e w z c lu y y . arriage of R g r p l y ith Eli a as 1 0 b e th She lley w afte r 53 . W — n m n ou e e e sahle S Or o . 4 . ELLE , a li ra pa t d bl qu u d —G ules e ss n ce ee e e e n S ix c oss e s 5. ENGAINE , a f e da tt b tw r o s o c r s l e t r. THE PAINTED GLASS 2 2 1

mo c m ﬁ o mu 6 v . E 5 a 4 c h . 5 ! m R u $ 3 ~ 3 m 2 3 ~ 4 0 5 £ . ﬁ 3 J 2 w “ 0 a 3 a b 8 m 0 s : e m bu m - 2 2 2 ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOU SE C H .

m de We e o We e m e 12 a e Ada ll s, L rd ll s , arri d, 99, Marg r t, a e an d e e of o n de n a n e o of ms d ught r h ir ss J h E g i , L rd Gri by

e o e 12 . o e O eial B aron a e . b f r 95 (J D yl , fi g , iii H e nce come s this coat which figures so often in the o e e n C pl y quart ri gs . 6 W T — rmin e an d ules e all . T O Six e A ER N Barry of , g , ov r e e sahl thr cresc e nts e . LEO o We e e To on 1 6 1 ma e fi s , L rd ll s, kill d at wt , 4 , rri d, r t, i W d e on o n e an d e s S r . e o an J a , daught r h ire s of R at rt n, , s c d,

a e e c m c e of Some se . Marg r t B au ha p , Du h ss r t T s oa n e ss S H m o e e e in as hi c t, u l ELLEY is i pr p rly ins rt d it, e e m o e m b e for Sir T om s Co e o n 1 s s pr babl , ight h a pl y, b r 53 5, the son o f z e S e e o se e o e his ma e Eli ab th h ll y, but of c ur b f r rriag Es t heo s K e e e eu e n . . with ath rin Luttr ll ( , chap xi ) — me of o e e ﬁn e o V . 4 . Frag nts a Red R s , v ry in col ur, e s o e r t r d .— T s e n n s IV . 5 V I . V . 5. hi light, like the corr spo di g light , ,

- 5 I X. 5 . 5 o n o oze n e s e e e s n e , , X , c tains f ur l g hap d d vic , arra g d in oze e The e e e e e s are o a o n a l ng . thr upp r pi c p r b bly rigi al , two of e m e n o e o f Sir e n on e th b i g curi us devic s R gi ald Bray, e m - c e hra of e o s o m o e a h p rush r , y , v ry curi u f r ; the th r a ’ Hawk s e se e o l s l 10 an d En i h Hera dr . lur ( B utell , g y , p 4 ,

n n n . 1 Sir was the s o f Ma i g, pp 5 4 R . Bray in ervice e Co n e s of mo an d was an v e in stru Margar t, u t s Rich nd, acti m n in n the o n on an d e the e o f e . t p laci g cr w h ad H nry VII , to e o n the c o in s H e is said hav f u d r wn the hawtho rn bu h . ’ was the c e S C e in the e an d archite t of H nry VII . hap l Abb y, ’ o f S t e o e C e W so H e a the ﬁ s s on e . G rg s hap l at ind r . l id r t t 1 0 2 His e s are o n in m n c c e s in S e in 5 . badg f u d a y hur h urr y, m n AS e S e e o . he e in 1 0 n e .g . h r , G dal i g di d 5 4 , it is u lik ly s e was n a e the he that thi badg origi ally pl c d in hall . But W s e rve d with Sir Ri chard e ston ; or the badge may h av e e n e n e Sir f o e b e us d by inh e rita c . Edmond Bray o St k ’ d Ab e rn on was -S e ff of S e in 1 2 1 Sir High h ri urr y 5 , and wa o 1 8 The n e s an Ed rd B ray als in 53 . third l oze g contain

2 2 - SE H 4 ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOU C .

e e o f Sir e of s e . T e e Alic , daught r H . B lknap E s x h ir daught r , e ir e o s m o z e m S o C e . o e e e e t Eli ab th, arri d R g r pl y Als th r b e co s—or two e n e s ules S D an d a ure o n at , b dl t g , U ELEY, z , a

e ﬂan ché or a r en t. b nd , a hawk g — A o o f the ﬁ e s s o e m o VI . 3 . grand c at n t glas , c nt p rary the o e or o e e n o n c co fo r with h us ld r, b i g pr bably a fa iful at W the n c e n of e s an d e e e n e . or a i nt ki gs al , r pr s nti g H nry VII n as e e K n o f W e or n n H e ry VIII . h r ditary i g al s E gla d by n o m the on s e de sce t fr Brit . It is quart rly. I an d Or o n s n e n ul es 4 . , li tata t r garda t g .

2 an d A z ure e e o o e s e or . 3 . , thr ducal c r n t in b nd The traditi on al arms o f WALES are 1 an d Gules or u e . o . Q art rly, 4 , a li n passant guardant

2 an d . Or o ss n n ules . 3 , a li n pa a t guarda t g The e is s o n e w e ﬁn e old wo pi ce urr u d d ith a wr ath in rk ,

a d is o ssan The s e e c se . n ab o ve a li n pa t . ruby gla s is d ply in i d ’ He to Histor o la d 0 o S e e H e lin s l En n . 2 y p y f g , pp 7 , Papw rth , Az ure e e ow or for K n S n o p . 59 3 . , thr cr ns , i g Arthur ( a df rd, G al o ies R o al en e . y g , p —A c ar e e c os n the ms o f n n VI . 4 . ircul pi c en l i g ar E gla d

an d n ce an d ow me n s o f the e . . Fra , cr n, with frag t Gart r R

c own m e e H . R. an d e n o e hra with r , fro d vic , appar ntly a th r y ,

e e Sir e n se e . 5 re o e . d vic of R gi ald Bray ( V , badly st r d) —The oze n e e e os n o ze de VI . 5. l g pi ce ncl i g f ur lo nge vi c e s 1 ms n n d n ce e . Ar of E gla and Fra quart rly . ﬁ e wn se e z s me in . 5 . . A tulip , n ly dra , the a X o 3 . A parr t . o e s e mo e e man s e n i or i 4 . Gr t qu , r r cent, a h ari g a p g, a p g ’ in ram s fl e e ce . 6 —T s n e e s c e e n c ose s w VI . . hi i t r ting ircular pi ce l , ith me s of o a ms an d the e o o f C e s frag nt r y l ar Gart r , a p rtrait harl he e of e s n :e 1660 o t o o . 0 . IL , pr bably at dat his r t rati , tat 3 , e of the e The o has the H e wears th ribb on Gart r . p rtrait R T o the o is - C o an d C . . n ot e e e r wn h ugh p rtrait v ry lif lik , x11 THE PAINTED GLASS 2 2 5

o f o n e man ar ro and is apparently that a y u g r , it is h dly p bable a e e to the on of the th t this p i c , which ir bar window is a e o e n e e n the C mm dap t d, c uld have b e p lac d h re duri g o on we Histor i S urre 2 0 s a alth . Brayley ( y f y, ii . p . ) call this f I n mo m o o C e s . a d e e e p rtrait harl , ind d it is al st as uch lik him as son his .

Upper North B a y — B AY 1. T m n ﬁ e e me U . N . his light has a ag i c nt sp ci n o f Re d an d W e o e m e r e n e s a hit R s , di idiat d with g e p tal , the ose e n e r e ar en t an d ules the R b i g p arty p pal g g , with T o C o n w e an d mon m ud r r w , and p robably with a r ath ogra ,

H R as in e r 1. . . , upp south bay This glass is e vide ntly ide nti cal with similar rose s an d ’ n e n S C e in the e crow s in H ry VII . hap l Abb y . BAY 2 — e e ﬁn e c o o m o . w U N . . Her is a v ry at, c nte p rary ith the o e o of W n c e e an d f und r , for a Bish p i hest r, with Gart r e c e has e e n o e n re a e Mitre . But the pi b br k and badly p ir d . The e e s e ms of th e se e m e ules d xt r ide giv s the ar i perf ctly, g , o an d on e ke in ar en t m a sw rd y saltire g , badly ended . The si n ister side se ems to b e A re on ar en t s e ules S u t. or z , a chief g , a altir g Patrick) , ma be t a ure o on m re this y hat z is a rest rati or clu sy pair . o me of are om e e a R und, with frag nts Garter , s e l tt rs, p are n tl ABP - OS APS-OS o e s p y or D ubtl s , this o n o a n ms n W e ce c nt i ed the ar of Cardi al ols y. — m ﬁ e o m for BAY . o c U . N . 3 An ther agni c nt at of ar s W D s o of e e . GAR INER, Bi h p inch st r e e r S e in e On the d xt id is, chi f Gules tw o e in ar en t or n e m , k ys bend, g and , betwee th a s of the Se on word c d . And in bas e is G ules e e ar en t re e e s o o , thr e cresc nts g ca l ss r t rati n, taken o m n o co fr a ther at . - 2 2 6 ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOU SE C H .

the s e the m o f D . Az ure on On inist r side are ar s GAR INER , ’ os or e e e o rifﬁ n s e e e n e fo a cr s , b tw n f ur g h ads ras d, a ci qu il

ules e of the e se e Rev. B la on o g , p i rced s cond ( R . Bedford, z f E iseo ae 18 8 p p y , 5 , p . S e e e 1 8 - 1 was o of W n e t ph n Gardin r , 4 3 555, Bish p i chest r om 1 1- 2 was in n c Wo e 1 2 an d fr 53 5 ; he Fra e with ls y, 5 7 ; H e s o m ss o the o e 1 2 8 . wa s e f T t a ba ad r to P p , 5 Ma t r rini y C m e om 1 2 - an d n 1 - H e Hall , a bridg , fr 5 5 4 9, agai , 553 55. o on o was als Archdeac of Norf lk . BAY —A e W e U . N . 4 . sp l ndid Red and hit Rose with Th c ow are mos e T o C o n e e . ud r r w . r n and wreath al t p rf ct Th ro e ha e e o e n e s s b n br k . T e s are o e con e m o the o e an d om h e d ubtl ss t p rary with h us , fr ’ he o o e n S C e was ﬁ e t fact ry of Bernard Fl wer . H ry VII . hap l ll d e m n with p i ces from the same work a ship .

Upper North B ay (Lower H alf)

W w 5 6 7 8 ONSLow co an d e indo s , , , are apparently ats, th i r e n o f e e e e e - e n wo quart ri gs s vent nth or late sixt nth c tury rk . — . BAY 1arte rl Six U N . 5. Q y of . 1 2 e n e m e an d e e e , , 3 are ap par tly r ov d r plac d by a larg

n e e r e or o n ﬁsh exert. is ha d, the sl ve st ip d , h ldi g a But this n ot e n r m o o c . h r ldi , r a c — f a oat . C Gales ron or m sa l c e e e e h e . 4 ARR , on a h v , thr ull ts w C m e e u e o f Sir n o Ed ard arr arri d Jan , da ght r Edward O sl w, who 1 1 i COEHA M o f K died 57 . ( ) ent .

Now s m a ure . 5. i ply z 6 Ar en t outtee da san o n m n sahle K N STO . g , g g , a li ra pa t , Y A N . m e o n n s w 8 . e a e J h de O lo , Henry VI , arri d Margar t, d ught r an d o K n S e Co n s Hist heiress of Mad c ynasto of hropshir ( lli , . P eera e g , v . Thi s imp al e s the coat of S HIRLEY of Sussex quarteri n g ’ B REWS E o r B RA OS E a ure e me e o e on r m n , z , s of cr ssl ts, a li a pa t or n les e u . , la gu d g

2 2 8 S - C H ANNAL OF AN OLD MANOR HOU SE .

o e an old W e o e en sol eil o s Ab v is hit R s , the badge of the h u e o f o s the n e Y rk , al o in xt light . — . . BAY T s m n ﬁ e an d n e e n L N 3 . hi very ag i c nt i t r sti g piece e u s the co o f e o f o e e n the giv s at Richard, Duk Gl uc st r , bei g o ms w e of e e o n ermin e on e c o n r yal ar , ith a lab l thr p i ts , a h p i t ’ c n on ules Se e Bo u te ll s Heraldr o C e n c a a t g ( y , R yal ad y, p . the W e en sole il The co o n an d e n o f with hite Ros . l uri g d sig thi s sp l e n did Sp e cimen o f the coat of Ri chard as Duke is n ﬁn e re ma n o how the co c m si gularly . It i s a d ubt at, whi h ust be o e n the o se o e s c me in S0 c on s c o s ld r tha h u by f rty y ar , a pi u u o the e e e was o e a p sition in hall wh r H nry VIII . und ubt dly

e n e n e his n s e . e e ssi on e 1 8 t rtai d by Mi i t r Aft r his acc , Jun 4 3 , the co of c as of o ce e o n ot e at Ri hard, Duke Gl u st r, c uld hav

e en S o n s n o o e e n e se . I t ma a e b h w thu . It has d ubt b r t y h v m W o e om the o e o s or om o n . o c fr ld r h u e, fr the hall at ki g B th this man or of Sutton an d that of Wo king undoubte dly we r e in the oss s on f p e si o Richard III . as king. — . BAY . e e was the e i e of tu n L N . 4 H r d v c the , with a w e m o N o o f we n ow se e t . 1 r ath si ilar . In lieu the tun e c m o f e e n e e n o f archit tural frag ents P rp dicular styl , b ginni g S e e n e n ixt th c tury . B AY — e o f e - e — e e e L . N . 5. Pictur she p sh aring s vent nth ce ntury ; p oo r wo rk ; p igs an d bull ocks at the sid e ; an owl o n m o fo x an d om fl e are of h ldi g a irr r, a s e ow rs and birds n fin ss origi n al a d mu ch er gla . 6 an d 7 o e e in ow o are fi e Lights , b th h r and l er s uth bay, ll d o n o n me m e u n oz n with l ze ge r a nts ad p of ine l enges . Ma y of n the se are o rigi al . 6 —A o s n e ss e BAY . L . N . p rtculli crow d, a gra hopp r , and a n n fox are fin e o riginal designs and ve ry i te r e sti g . Th en come o e s e mon e on an d e e a n gr t qu s, a k y playing a guitar , an agl p l yi g ’ on me o e s e co e n ow hrown the sa , with a crest, a h rs h ad up d ( , o or ules me me c e ce p r bably and g , ar d and plu d) , and a r s nt for ffe e ce T e c o s n mon o m di r n . h n a uri us and intere ti g gra d e sign d ated THE PAI NTED GLASS 2 2 9

’ n e win e e ov e n o is n ce a n for i t rt d with a tru l r s k t . It u rt i c of the We on m s is whi h st fa ily thi . Sir e We s o n an on c an d o o e H nry t , ly hild, D r thy Arund ll had b e e n marri e d ap par e ntly in 1560 Lady An n e ( Pick e ri n g) w as - n ow a Kn v e tt an d e as o ﬁve . c the L dy y , at l t f rty Ri hard, e e s son of Sir e n was o n in 1 6 m r e n e ld t H ry , b r 5 4 , and a ri d Ja in 1 8 T ma n fo o f h Di ste r 5 3 . his y have b e e r the betr th al o t e

T e e e e e e e e n oo h r is also twic r p at d a lat r d sig , a b k with a ducal co ronet abo ve it o n the de xte r page a h e art an d thre e s o n s e ke o o Res ite Sus iee tars ab ve on the si i t r , a y . M tt , p , p , 16 0 3 .

BAY - e e is o e n n e oze n e L . N . 7 . H r an th r quarry of i l g s 1 m n of e m are o n a an d e ﬁn a y th rigi l v ry e ly drawn . Th e ﬁrst is a margue rite or doubl e dai sy risi n g o u t o f a

tu n . T is n o e e s for e the e his u d ubt dly a r bu Margar t, daught r o f o n e the e of Sir W e e n s ose ma the f u d r , wif alt r D n y , wh g n iﬁce n t o o f a m se e in 3 e s c me c at r s is n X. . B low thi is a a l , o m m of C M o n e the o n e pr bably fro the ar s A ELL, b r by f u d r , c e a n e in the W e ose en s ole il ame as but rt i ly lat r date hit R , s ’ in 2 an d 3 is ﬁn e an e s e e se m s oom , ; agle h ad ra d, a u hr , a e s n of an e e the the e of T of e d ig y in sun, cr st BLUN Map l am s e ar en t e on e e e n e e f s de rh . hi ld g , h r b hr l r Du- A a c v tw t eu l s i ules n ow o e s a w e o e e y ( ) g ( br wn) , a cr t, hit hart l dg d, attir d an d o o e or o e o ak e a e s an d o n u ert a h f d , c llar d with l v ac r s , c e s e n for ffe e n e BELLASI S o e o r B ELASYS E r c t di r c , , Y rkshir , , n n o n Cou ty Li c l .

1 As to ua r ies o e ua drell um l ow n se e . . F n s q r (fr m quarr l , q , Lati ) A W ra k , Orn amen taI laz in ua ies 18 e e se e of t es e e en s are G g Q rr , 4 9 , wh r v ral h Sp cim - 2 3 0 ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOU SE C H.

the c e n e is om e e c m of S m In tr a c pl t oat of ar s pain, i paling ose of n e n o o for of S n th E gland, b ing d ubt Philip pai and W 1 . Sir n r e s the e e o f Mary, 554 He y ton, th n own r the e e e e n e C s for the n T o h stat , d f d d alai Quee . his c at, w ich is

con e m o me e n n ot . The m t p rary, is r ly draw , and coloured ar s of Philip are n e arly the same as th ose of Catheri n e of Aragon in V I . 1 e e e e C o e , xc p t that th y quart r FRAN E within a b rdur o on e for D an d LAN DERs—Or o m an g b at d BURGUN Y, F , a li n ra p t o e sahle S e e Woo e cr wn d . dward and Burn tt, p . 4 95. —Th w n n BAY 8 . e m o f C O m L . N . ar s PLEY, ith a tli g and om e o of e s e n - e wo far crest c pl te, p r bably lat ixte th c ntury rk , o to th o n e s infe ri r e rigi al d ign . e is me n e e I I I e n H re a frag t also s n in V . 4 ; a circular

o s e . cl sure, with pali ad

Upp er S outh B ay

This con tai n s in its upp e r lights some S pl e ndid e xampl e s o f ass of the e of the o s n o m the e e o f gl dat h u e, u if r with up p r ti r s e o The o e s o light in upp r n rth bay. l w r light , as in n rth bay, a e e Co e o s h v lat r ( pl y) c at . — m ﬁ R S . Ba 1. A n e e d o e n e U . y ag i c nt R s cr ow d and in

e . T is in o o e e e c The wr ath his very rich c l ur and quit p rf t . e a the mon o m I R wr e ath b rs gra . — ms f n n S . BAY 2 . o a o a C o an d U . R y l ar E gl d with r wn e e e c an d e ﬁn e in c o o an d e s Gart r p rf t, v ry l ur d ign . - The m of W m Fi al an S . BAY . tz e e n U . 3 ar s illia , thirt th

o f n e K . G . e e e the e om 1 2 e Earl Aru d l , , succ d d to arld 5 4 , di d

1 . H e was e e n of C s 1 1. was son 54 4 Li ut ant alai , 54 He the o f e Widvill e e of ve s an d was o s Margar t , daught r Earl Ri r , c u in o f e n se e Histor o Arun del T e e H ry VIII . ( y f , by M . A . i rn y,

18 vol i o e O eial B a ron a e vol . H is . . . co 3 4 , ; D yl , ﬁ g , i ) at, the Co o n e a e o which has r t and G rt r, sh ws 1 I TZA N f n e — G ules on m n . LA o or The F Aru d l , a li ra pa t . c in the mid- o n brillian y of this day sun is extra rdi ary.

- E H 2 3 2 ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOU S C .

an d for the s me Sir T om Co e . T e a e e n date, a h as pl y h y h ve b

r an d e No . 6 o e r inju ed badly repaired, esp cially , the l w

e s of 10 n ot e e . quart r which , 5 to , are int lligibl ’ — hle e e o e s e ar en t S . BAY . 7 sa U . 7 , , thr talb ts h ad rased g ,

Co n o ar en t o n m . HALL, unty Li c ln g , a li ra p ant — S BAY 8 A ure FAU CONB ERG . I n 8 e ars U . . . z app V —Gules s e ar en t an d O —G ules on NE ILLE , a altir g , M WBRAY , a li

t T e e are o a m s e n e a . ramp an t argen . h s pr b bly i p lac d duri g r p irs

8 are two e ﬁn e m n o m . . w c o n In v ry o gra s R ith r w , and d l H E . ow an d a o n s e s e tc . . with cr n h wth r bu h , ﬂeur y , e are so two n a o e s e mon e H re al of the origi l gr t qu s, a k y and

ffin o fin e n so the e e o f e . a gri , b th ly draw al d vic H nry VII , H E c o s om fin e . . , and the r wn and hawthorn bu h , with s e m m original e ble s .

Lower S outh B ay — S BAY 1. r me n of T o o e ﬁn e ol d L . . F ag ts ud r cr wn, v ry

s n ot o f on e oa . T e n me om th e gla s, c t h re is a gra d frag nt fr rm of C e n e on e an d C s w m a s ath ri of Arag , L on a tile, ith ar s o f n n so the o o n E gla d, al f ll wi g A ure on e on e e e n e z or i . z , up a ch vr b tw thr e harts at ga e , sahl e T se e m to as m n o . i o o . a y cr wns ( ) GREEN, N rf lk his s impal e ﬁ a 1. Or e e r ure . ii . , thr e u s de lys z in pale

2 Vairé CH M o f c e . . , BEAU A P Ha h ’ Gules two lion S e e se or. 3 . , h ads ra d a e 1 an d G ules s or 2 4 . Qu rt rly, 4 . , a ca tle ; and 3 . Ar en t on m ules c o e or g , a li ra pant g , r wn d But the wh ol e c oat has be e n transp osed and e n tir e ly in s con fuse d the re etting . —A m n ﬁ n o e s n S . BAY 2 . L . ag i ce t riginal d ig , happily quite

e ms of the o e . perf ct, the ar f und r W — i e on a r 1 an d . STO Erm n e u e . 4 E N— , a chi f z , 5 bezants 2 C M Ar en t m sahle. and 3 . A ELL g , three ca els tripp ant x 11 THE PAINTED GLASS 2 3 3 W Sir . e s o was th e son of C e e C me e e ss o f R t n ath rin a ll , h ir o C me o f S o e J hn a ll —hapwick , D rs t . S . BAY A e e n for the e L . 3 . spl ndid h ad of Sarace cr st o f We s on ma n com e t , with ntli g ( par V . Thi s an d the last light e n abl e us to judge of the app e aran ce o f o a com e e o mos n o e the hall as rigin lly pl t d, and sh ws t bl e am e of the o of he - f 0 x pl s w rk t glass mak e r s o 153 . A —T ow . S B Y e s is c m e L . 4 . his d ign mu h utilat d . It sh s n o e e e n us the portrait of a ki g cr wn d, appar ntly H ry VII e n n ot e e o are the m o f n an c rtai ly H nry VIII . B l w ar s E gl d m n W d o se os e of C e n of on e an d Re . i pali g th ath ri e Arag , hit R s m a e r en t s ules i St. . Frag nt g , a altire g . ( ) Patrick T an d me é o n o e e I II . 2 his a frag nt vair are f u d t g th r in , are fin e an d and o riginal also in uppe r no rth bay 2. — . S . BAY e ma n T o c o e L 5. R i s of a ud r r wn, appar ntly with wreath ; n ow in the place of the arms is a circular e o n ot in o o e nich of late Gothic w rk within ( c l urs) a shi ld, b e ing m s amhro h Merchan ts T s Ar s of the Aar/en turer or H ug . hi o e was n o o a e 2 w I 12 6 an d o n e s ci ty i c rp r t d 4 Ed ard . , 9 , btai d ample privilege s an d a con firmation of th e ir charte r fr om l sh d st 2 e z e S e e C n n n m En i I n u r . . Qu en Eli ab th . u i gha , g y , i 3 7 — MS a un dée six ar en t an d a ure . A chie f AR B rry of , g z z a e ules or o n the fi an d f e s on qu rt rly g and , rst ourth quart r a li p assan t guard an t of the fourth on the s e con d an d third two

se s ules e vert o e e 1 . 2 8 an d ro g , barb d (B ut ll , Plat 3 , p 3 mo so n He aldr Heraldr Sir c r m . Ed nd , y Gwilli , y) Ri hard ma e e n s e e me m e . y hav b a— ber, p 4 7 . . S BAY 6 . The oz n e w n n e oze e e ce s. L . l e g , ith i l ng d vi

1 C e e C e . . astl crown d . astil

2 an d Two os ar en t e e e ules c o n e . 3 . R es g , s d d g , r w d w o w - - mon o m H E T o n an d a o n . . cr h wth r with gra , a bird with

e the n n e LEP o e tu n fo r e on . buckl , and pun i g r bus ab v a , L pt The quarri e s of L ep ton are cu t with a diamon d an d —“ W “ e s . 1 0 2 inscrib d thu E . and A 7 . 2 S - H 3 4 ANNAL OF AN OLD MANOR OU SE C H . W Re v. Radul h or C s o e e n C o of e was p hri t ph r L pto , an n lls,

- e o of o an d S t. o a o 1 0 2 R ct r Alresf rd Nich l s, Guildf rd, 5 4 7 n n n 6 ( Ma i g, i . 5, — S . BAY . n o e oze n of e L . 7 A th r l ge quarry nine pi ce s ; three app e ar to be o rigi n al an e agl e appar e n tly sayi n g gr ac e e o e S n ow a e fox an d the n b f r itti g d n to t bl a with bird, crow an d o n Two are fi e e n e e - n hawth r . gures of lat sev t nth c e tury o e n —C e o e two se a w rk , appar tly Dutch hrist b f re Pilat , m e o n an d on o Res ite Sus ire 16 0 onst rs, d lphi drag ; als p , p , 3 . The oo an d o n in owe o b k c—r w as l r n rth bay . . S BAY 8 e e S e e e c L . . H r is a plendid and appar ntly p rf t e v fi n e T o w i o royal d ice, a ud r crown, uninjured, h ch supp rts e o f m n fi n e W are the a wr ath ag i cent blues and ora g . ithin foll owi n g de vic e s A d onj on of a castle with two wards and a gate with p o rt cullis fo rms a b e d for fl owe r s o u t o f the castl e rise two rose s an d two ma o e o n e e —a e rig lds, appar ntly c u t rchang d h art and o are me ou t the me e e e cr ss in fla s of fla s ris s an agl , hawk , or oe w n T is for n e o e o e . ph nix cr n d , with wi gs utspr ad h is Ja S e mo an d was so o n e me y ur , it al b r at ti s by her son, Edward W ill e me n t . 1 e The me e s in VI . ( , p 7 , Plat sa app ar

m on Co e se e Histor e Law vol . . Ha pt urt Palac ( y by Ern st , i 18 1 p . ) he o se The wo rk is appar ently conte mp o rary with t h u .

n e S e mo was m e 1 6 1 . is Ja y ur arri d 53 , and died 53 7 It si n gular that the p e rson al b adge of Jane S e ymour should be put in the hall o f the fath e r wh ose only son had b e e n ex e cute d ju st b e fo r e he r marriage as o n e o f th e l ov e rs o f Sir c We o e n e the o An n e Bol e yn . But Ri hard st n att d d c urt

e e mon e of n e S e m we se e . . . . c r i s Ja y our, as in chap iii pp 7 3 , 74

n d No VI ] Wi ow .

1 —The e e n c o e s e s a s a e VII . . Gart r l s a cr t, a f lcon di pl y d e e o e c o o e the cre of T b ll d and g rg d with a du al c r n t, st PAULE ,

2 6 S - SE CH 3 ANNAL OF AN OLD MANOR HOU .

n son Sir e We o H e e 1 2 e his gra d , H nry st n . di d 57 , ag d e — e n The e s e for e c m the a ighty sev . cr c nt cad n y arks fact th t the e e e e n e a P o ul e tt ld r branch is r pr se t d by E rl . The e o o e c o on e an d e ed cr st, falc n g rg d with a du al c r t b ll , e s in e o o ules five e o o I I I 1. s app ar als V . B l w is a c at, g , l pard m a os or for BY NTWORTH B en ts ra p nt in cr s , , and the word worth . — . . e e two de e or rehus e e VII 4 H r are vic s , a circular nclosur o n e S o e on five - e a e surr u d d by a t ckad , in fr t a barr d g t , inside e e s o e e o tr , ab v J. , b l w R . A late sixte e nth - c e n tury coat with man tli n g an d c r e st sa hle o or Six on s m n in os ar en t a e an d , f ur li ra pa t cr s g , l ngu d me ules c e o e e ermin e ST TI ar d g , a s utch n of pr t nce . MAR N . ’ C e s on n e me o n ar en t n e r t a k ight s h l t, a li n stata t g , la gu d ul s e o a f m n n n e Th e m r on c o e c . e o is g , ar d , a p ai t a wh le a om e e e e e n e e - o c plet pi c of s v t nth century w rk . VI I - T e n n e me e . 5. his light has b e i jur d and badly nd d . f n m s e m S e e e e o th e o e e an d n . v ral pi c s rigi al d vic s, birds a i al , r ain — . 6 ThiS e e n n e an me n e . VII . light has b i jur d d badly d d Al so the o rigi n al hawth o r n c r own e d an d r ose - tr e e crowne d H R I n the e e of e n i e r with . . c ntr the d sig s a large shi ld o m n sa hle G ' o e c e ar en t for P I Orr. f ur quart rs i p ali g , three pi kax s g , The coat shows ’ 1 an d Sa hl e a e c o s e or e e e 4 . , buck s h ad ab sed attir d , b tw n the n e s o c o ss e fitchée or e or e e a tl r a cr ss r l t , langu d , and pi rc d o the ose an o or thr ugh n with arr w . ’ 2 Ar en t c e o n e e e e e oo e e ase . g , a h vr b tw n thr r ks h ads r d w a t NOR REYS sa hle the c e o c e n n n e or . . , h vr n harg d ith a ul t ( ) A r en t e o ules e e e n e e s e sie an t 3 . g , a ch vr n g b tw thr quirr ls g

sahle e o n n u t or SCOB I NGTON . , ach h ldi g a

M n dow No. VI I I

’ 1 — n e om S e VIII . . Origi al wr ath fr aracen s h ad, badly me n e n is e e s co o e e e as d d ; withi a larg cr t, fal n g rg d and b ll d W VII 1 for T e e . in . , PAULE , Marquis of inch st r x11 THE PAINTED GLASS 2 3 7

2 — e ﬁn e o n o e w a o e VIII . . V ry rigi al Red R s with cro n b v , m a to in m m e VI 4 . si il r that . , but uch da ag d ’ — r m n of o n e om S c e VIII . 3 . F ag e ts rigi al wr ath fr ara n s e a me n e He s l s on e e o f o h d, badly ded , thr e ur de y , quart r r yal m n s of 1 0 ar s, origi al gla s 53 . — n e s o e e an d VIII . 4 . Origi al quarri s of bird , gr t squ s, m n T e e s n o n to n e he antli g. hr bi rds itti g d w di n r . In t

e n e e e e e n of fo s . c tr a shi ld, sixt nth c tury , ur quarter 1 an d TO o f Bri ford o s—Ar en t te n 4 . BABING N East g , N tt g , e 2 1 e e e o n s az ure tort aux, 4 , 3 , , , a lab l of thr p i t . ’ 2 TH C of e —Ar en t e se v e or an d ules . DE I K D rby g , a f s air g e we e n e e e o e sahle b t thr wat r b ug ts . Ar en t e ron i e w e e n two om e an d 3 . g , a ch v ( ) b t c p ass s a o e or Com n of C T S who o f gl b pa y ARPEN ER , had a grant m 1 66 T n ose me n n ar s, 4 ( Boutell , ra sp d in di g. The m of TO o f o om Sir o n de fa ily BABING N N tts, fr J h n on c e C n e n e u n e Babi gt , hi f aptai of Morlaix, in B r tag , d r n m e w m TH C Co n Edward III . , i ter arri d ith fa ily of DE I K, u ty e m was n n n on e e e D rby . Of this fa ily A tho y Babi gt , x cut d 1 8 6 5 .

— o e s me n o VIII . 5. Birds, gr tesqu , and frag ts of riginal

E n d H R. w n n s H . a . o a d o glas , the . ith hawth r cr wn, and a o ix s large coat f s quarte r . 1 Ermin e on two sahle e e f de l s or . bars , thr leurs y . 2 S a hle on e s m n or 2 1 t ST T . , six li c l ra pa t , 3 , , . ( ) . MAR IN W s of ilt . S ahle fﬁn e w e n o s e s 3 . , a gri segr ant bet e three cr ss cros l t ar en t i ROXMORB g . ( ) F . an d e n n e e an d n s ose 4 5. Quart rly (u i t lligibl tra p d) ’ ’ o e e e o e or 2 e o e os e g at s h ad ras d , h rn d ; ( ) l p ard s h ad cab s d ; ’ two e o o two o An e scu t ( 3 ) l pards heads cab ss e d ; (4 ) g ats .

e on of e e n e ar en t e e e sc e n sahle . ch p r t c g , thr cr ts 6 e de om o n o m . . Fl ur lys, fr rigi al r yal ar s 6 — - s n m . . e e e e n e o e e VIII Lat sixt nth c tury hi ld, early c pl t , e s two c me s T s o a support r a l . hi has been transposed rigin lly - E H 2 3 8 ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR HOU S C .

o ms o e o f the e c it c ntained ar , crest, and supp rt rs M r hant ’ 1 66 an d Tayl or s Compan y with th e ir motto (incorp . 4 ’ C e on e me m en soleil ar en t on ca r st, a knight s h l t a la b g , a p exert The S e e o e n n ﬁ the . hi ld b l w has be ap pare tly lled with

o m as o n m I oo e a n e . r yal ar s b r e by Ja es . , and is a g d d l i jur d 1 I n ﬁ s o co n ow a . the r t quarter of the r yal at is a r bbit, W m s um Se e e e T I n sol e osuit ta hern aeul u u . with the l tt rs . . p

sa m . . P l xix v . 4 W 2 I n the e n an d se . . s co d a hite Red Ro The for e a 3 . harp, Ir l nd . n an d e e e the mo o 4 . Engla d Franc quart rly . B low tt Con cordia res ar t/m ereseun t mo o of the T o s p , tt Merchant ayl r “ n al mour n e on on Com . S e e e Gen er Ar pa y Burk , y , u d r L d , ” m n e so mo of e n Co pa i s of. Al tto Unit d Provi ces . in 3 is an o mon In this w dow, light , inscripti n with a dia d o We o s e s n e s s e J hn st n E quir putt in thi pai t d glas , Augu t y 2 8 a e n on e o m n some , app r tly d by a w rk an duri g e r pair .

— 1 an d . e ﬁn e n e s n the a m o f IX . 3 V ry origi al d ig s of r s the o e o s me W STO e n C M f und r . B th the a . E N quart ri g A ELL, me n o e o No n d in sa i . 2 a 1 T e se are as l w r s uth bay , X . . h o e co m e e t e ma n an d e an f rtunat ly pl t , wi h th i r ntli g, giv e xce ll e n t conce ption of the b e st armorial d e co rati on o f the e od p ri . “ 2 —The e s o f fo n e as in IX . . r bu the tun for the u d r, m o n o . 1 an d o e l wer rth bay No , p r bably si ilar , surround d e n with wr athi g . — e e o - e me s IX . 4 . H r are curi us sixteenth c ntury frag nt , e of n s ro e s e an d two de h ads ki gs, bird , g t qu s, ﬂeurs lys . n m e om 10 8 T s e e . In the c ntr is a su dial , ark d fr to hi e c o s e ce o in situ an d me rod o r v ry uri u p i is pr bably , by a tal n me e ce o a e e s the . brack t, pla d utside, it ppar ntly i dicat ti

2 0 S - S H 4 ANNAL OF AN OLD MANOR HOU E C . — 2 . OTH TO Gules e e o as da BR ER N , thr li ns p sant guar nt in e or a e o f e e o n ar en t pal , a l b l thr p i ts g . W —C e or an d a ure 3 . ARREN h cky z . O —G ules on m n ar en t 4 . M WBRAY , a li ra pa t g . Th e se are the arms in c onte mpo rary glass of Sir Walte r e n n who m e a e e Sir a D ys, arri d Marg r t, daught r of Rich rd We s o se e h e r rehus in o e n o No Sir t n ( l w r rth bay, . W e was son o f Sir W m n m alt r the illia Den ys of Dyrha , o ce s e e n n e e an d co- e o f Gl u t rshir , by A , daught r h ir Maurice o e e e s e e om me o e e e ( L rd) B rk ley, d c nd d fr Ja s, L rd B rk l y, 1 2 1 who m e s e e on e o f T m 4 , arri d I ab l , s c d daught r ho as o e o f fo O A M wbray, Duk Nor lk . Hence the M WBR Y and W e n s ARREN quart ri g .

omm c on om . C e . e l oth A c uni ati fr M r harl s A Buckl r, s 18 8 0 m e e s e n e om S e of Sir W e Augu t , hi s lf d c d d fr a ist r alt r e who m e Sir c e Co n o e D nnys , arri d Richard Bu kl r , u ty D rs t, e s as o ow The o c of OTH TO is in stat f ll s r yal oat BR ER N , the ﬁ s e in the e W m e e an d z r t plac , s als of illia Berk l y Eli abeth ,

e ss of o o . c S o ce as Duch N rf lk It is urious that, at utt n Pla , the o e had e ce e n e in the O D s e r yal quart r pr d c H WAR hi ld, it was n ot m e e in the n s two si ilarly tr at d BERKELEY quarteri g , s an d co - e in m e to o f m S i ste r h irs hav g trans itt d it b th a ilies. At Sutton Place the fl e urs de lys in the coat of DENNYS are

T o c s in e a n c e s. e e azure . his cur the rlier i stan Lat r th y ’ e e e o s e s de or in e o w r l pard fac s, jes ant lys , ord r to av id the ” r a zu e b e n d . — me n s o f ﬁn e s - X . 4 , 5. Frag t , apparently ixteenth century W os e sole o f e e o e r e n il e tc . w rk . A l ur de lys, hit R s , , 6 —A in oze n e of o e al l X . . quarry l g f ur d signs, apparently e e e e n e an d m n e o to o of the s v nt th c ntury, uch i f ri r the riginal

vvork. ( 1) A woman nursi n g an i n fan t swaddled with bands ;

e e n as in VI . 5 a c o s ( 2 ) an l pha t ; ( 3 ) tulip , ; (4 ) uri u and ’ m s n e n om o e W s Emhlems s a u i g d sig fr Ge rg ither s , publi hed W o man a 6 . e s was s o an 16 . 3 G ith r a Guildf rd , t ut Purit , x11 THE PAINTED GLAS S 2 4 1 an d a Commi ssi o n e r un de r the Co mmonwe alth . s Emhl em h ad a gr e at succ e ss .

n to e the os n s o e A foo l se t forth f tch g li g h m , ’ e n e n o the e s n e e o e Wh th y u t riv r ba k w r c m , (Through Which th e ir pass age lay) con ce ive d a fe are ’ ’ H is e s e s o e e en o n e e dam b t bro d might hav b dr w d th r , Which to avoyd he thus do Sho w his wit A n d his oo n e in e en n g d atur pr v ti g it, H e n e n e his e s s e e s u d r ath girdl thru t th ir h ad ,

An d the coxcomb through the wate r wade s . H e e l e arn e en oo his e n e n s r that , wh a f l h lp i t d , ” n s It rath e r does a mischi e f than be frie d .

2 4 4 ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR - HOU SE

Mon talt 2 1 u bre o n 1 0 18 1 , 4 y, J h , 7 ,

o e s 10 Hi st. o Surre 1 0 18 1 M r by, 9 f y , 7 , o 2 1 M wbray, 7 e e 2 12 B e Sir o n 6 6 N al , ak r, J h , 7 , 7 e 1 1 2 10 B sse of 2 6 1 2 N vill, 9 , a t , family , , 5 o son 20 Be o of 1- N ich l , 5 auf rt, family , 3 3 4 On s o 2 0 8 2 12 2 2 6 e 2 - 2 0 0 l w, , , Margar t , 3 3 4 , e 2 Be the e 1 1 Paul t, 3 4 ll, chap l, 5 B o s 2 6 2 H . 2 0 Philip , 3 ig d , Earl Mar hal, , 7 e n 10 8 Bo e n n n e 6 6 6 0 2 Pick ri g, 9 5, l y , A , 5, , 7 , 7 , 9 3 o 2 6 o on on of Pig tt, 3 c r ati , 94 e 2 0 e xe on of 6 -10 Pil , 7 cuti , 9 3 P ill ett 2 2 S ir T o s of s e , 7 h ma , Earl Wilt hir , 53 , n ch on 1 10 Pi y , 94 3 P o n 2 1I o o o 0 10 u d , L rd R chf rd , 7 , 3 fe 2 12 Boo e n e D etorie 16 Ratclif , rd , A dr w, y , 5 D e of o e s e 2 2 8 B os on n o n s e 8 Richard , uk Gl uc t r, t , Li c l hir , 4 4 , 3 o e s of B rian ston 8 1 Bos o e of 1 R g r , w rth , battl , 9, 3 3 , 4 5 S n e e 1 B n on D e o f S ffo 8 ai t L g r, 93 ra d , uk u lk, 5 S n 1 8 1 2 B Sir e n 2 2 2 alvi , 4 , 9 ray, R gi ald , S o n 1 Brian ston o e s of 8 0 c tla d , 9 3 , R g r , S e le 1 2 2 B o n e h l y, 9 3 , 3 r w : 4 9 s 9 3 S e 2 2 6 B n D e of 6 hirl y, ucki gham , uk , 5 , 57

S n e 2 1 2 2 0 B e C . A . xvi. 1 0 2 0 ta l y, 4 , uckl r, , , 9 , 4 - St. O e 220 2 1 B n of H e n 1 1 1 m r, , 3 uildi g, ry VIII , 5, 5 S n e 2 1 2 2 0 16 tra g , 4 , 4 S n e s 2 12 ofS on e 1- 1 1-16 8 tra g way , utt Plac , 5, 5 Stretl e 2 0 6 B sse s es es 18 1 0 y, ru l , tap tri , 9, 9 T n e 2 18 B n Sir F n s il y, rya , ra ci , 9 3 al de rave 1 2 W g , 9 es 2 2 C s 6 0 -6 10 8 Wal , 4 alai , 3 , Warn e ford 2 12 2 1 C n s n o e S on 1 I 6 , , 9 a al , i tr duc d at utt , 3 , , e n 2 1 2 16 12 8 Warr , 5,

e on 1 2 1 2 2 2 C e Sir N . Wat rt , 9 3 , 5, ar w, , 7 3 , 9 3 We bbe 1 Carra ch the ea t 8 8 , 94 , Gr , e e s 1 2 1 22 2 C e n e of on 6 6 W ll , 9 3 , 5, ath ri Arag , 4 , 53 , 3 , 5, We ston 2 g8 1 I 1 1 1 18 2 2 s 4 99 5 , 557 s 4 3 9 9 5 , 3 , 3 1 2 2 20 2 2 C e n s L e o oIse 10 9 , , 3 av di h , if t y , 5

e B s o 20 C es I . 1 1 Whit , i h p, 5 harl , 3 k in ham 1 e s 2 2 Wic C . g , 9 3 harl II , 4

Widvill e 2 1 2 1 C e s V . e o 6 , 4 , 3 harl , Emp r r, 3 n e s e B s o of 2 2 C e C on e 6 0 6 Wi ch t r, i h p , 5 hut , hal r, , 9 Wool fe 1 1 C s 12 8 1 1 , 4 3 , 94 ivil War , , 3 1 2 C n on I 16 6 8 12 1 1 180 Wright, 9 la d , 3 , , , , 3 7 , un e Co n e ss of 12 1 Clerken w ell Histor o 8 Ar d l , u t , , y f; 7 of 12 1 2 0 C o e n o e S on 12 2 Earl , , 3 l v r, i tr duc d at utt , , n e Do o 1 1 10 -11 1 0 Aru d ll , r thy, , 9 4 3 o of 1 1 1 1 1 CO l e s of 1 1 8 18 2 2 P rtrait , , 3 , 95 p y, arm , 3 5, 7 , 3 , 3 , 11 1 10 2 1 L ady, , 3 o 10 of 1 L rd , 9 family , 3 5 Sir T o s 1 1 110 o n 1 h ma , , 74 , J h , 3 7 INDEX 2 4 5

1 16 1 1 8 e s o n t 1 Mary, , 3 5, 3 Gag , Vi c u , 3 9 S ir o e 2 1 e 1 R g r, 5 Elizab th , 3 9 Sir T o s 1 1 16 1 1 2 n e B s o 6 6 2 26 h ma , 3 , , 3 5, 9 , Gardi r, i h p, , I 2 1 on n o of 1 1 1 6 9 3 a 5 Gatt , ma r , 4 , 3 4 , 3 ’ 1 1 6 en tleman s Ill a az in e 16 6 William, 3 7 , 9 G g , de H n V I I on 1 Cra e l et Lettres e r I 10 e o e . S p , y . , 3 G rg III at utt , 4 5 C o e O e 1 1 ss n e 1 0 1 1 r mw ll , liv r, 3 3 , 3 9 Gla , pai t d , 9 , 9

S ir 0 e s Sir W. 8 R ichard , 4 Gr ham , , 7 T o s 1 6 6 6 1 6 e of 11 1 1 1 1 1 h ma , 4 , 5, , 7 , 9 Gr y, family , , , 3 e xe e e n se s n of cut d , 7 4 Gu r y, i la d , 4 5, 4 7 C oss o n e 1 8 o e n o s of r , m li , 7 g v r r hip , 7 3 of t n 1 1 16 18 1 0 S . o 8 o 1 J h , Guildf rd , , 3 , 4 , , , 7 3 , 3

D n C on o s 1 2 H S on 182 - 18 arwi , . , W rm , 7 all at utt , 7 D n ir 8 n 1 1 18 S W. H o Co t 8 au ay, , 4 ampt ur , , 5, 57 , 5, of 8 1 0 family , 4 3 , 4 9 Den n s 8 0 2 H son F e e 1 18 2 188 y , Lady, 7 7 , , 3 9 arri , r d rick, 4 9, , S ir e 2 S n e 1 1 1 1 6 18 Walt r, 7 4 , 3 9 id y, 4 9 , 7 , 7 , 9 De E s of 2 1 - 2 2 1 on En n 16 rby, arl , 3 William , gla d , 3 De s e n se H 2 H artlib S e 12 p r, ugh , 7 , amu l, 3 D n e S ir T o s 86 H e n 2 i gl y, h ma , arv ll , Edmu d , 7 D n e ss o of n s H e on 12 1 e F I . S i t vill , amba ad r ra ci , arv y, William , at utt ,

I 0 H C . F . on e n e 99, 5 ayward , , Lay r Mar y, D xon H e o 10 i , Mr . pw rth , 4 Do e s S e 16 2 2 2 H e n I 2 2 m day urv y, , , 3 ry . ,

He n . 2 ry II , 4 I 2 8 H e n 2 Edward . , ry VII . , 3 3 , 3 9, 4 4 , 3 3 - 6 E . 2 6 H e n 1 10 1 dward II , ry VIII . , , 3 5, 3 9 , 4 5, 5 , 2 8 I 2 2 Edward III . , 9 5» 3

I V . 2 He rse l in of B sse s 18 Edward , 3 ru l , 9 1 H e in n n n 1 V I . 0 8 o i Edward , 7 3 , lb E gla d , 57

S t. Con e sso 2 1 2 2 1 H o n of 2 0 Edward , , f r, , , 4 9, lla d , family , 9 , 3 1 2 2 0 H o of 12 10 1 1 5 , 4 ward , family , , 9 , 3 , e e e n 1 1 0 10 8 11 2 16 Elizab th , Qu , , 7 , , 3 , I o d n 10 9 S L r Edmu d , 9 ss to F n e 0 o of fin 11 11 Emba y ra c , 5 L rd , Ef gham , 4 , 5 to S o n 6 H u e e f 10 1 se e . o c tla d , 4 , J , l tt r , to S n 6 H sse o s 1 1 pai , 4 u y, p rtrait by, 4 3 , 97 s e on s o 1 2- 1 E cutch , arm rial, 9 94 n e n o S on 6 0 8 18 I v t ry at utt , , 7 , 5 Fe n n n of S n 8 18 the V n e 6 0 rdi a d , Ki g pai , 4 , 3 at y , F e of the C o of o n 2 6 1 i ld l th G ld , 5, 55, Italia art , , , 57 156 Fitzwi iam S n f en 2 ll ir W. 0 6 o o , , 7 , 7 J a K t, 9 F o e Be n 2 0 0 2 0 6 2 2 6 o n n 2 6 l w r, r ard , , , J h , Ki g , F n e 0 0 ra c , 5 , 9 in 1 6 1 6 en E s of 2 - 1 art , , 5, , 5 K t , arl , 9 3

F n s . of F n e 0 1 o n of 2 ra ci I ra c , 5, 5 , 5 , 55, J a , 9 8 6 0 in on ir W s S . , 9 K g t , , 7 7, 97 F n s the n e 0 e of ra ci , am , 9 L ady, wif , 7 7 , 97

F o e Mr. 10 K n vett S ir H e n 10 r ud , , 5 y , ry, 9 3 , 3 2 4 6 ANNALS OF AN OLD MANOR - HO U SE

E n e s on H on Co t o e Sir C s o er 8 L aw, r t , ampt ur , M r , hri t ph , , 7 7 1 S ir ia 1 1 57 Will m , 5 L e n e To e s 1 6 o e e F en a ss o 8 ay r Mar y w r , 5 M r tt , r ch mba ad r, 5 ean de F e 1 o e o e 2 8 L r, ath r, 97 M rtim r, R g r, e on Re v Chr 2 L pt , . ., 3 3 e e s e i o f H o 1 8 L tt r N v ll, William , lt, 3 C o e to e s on 1 e io 1 8 r mw ll W t , 7 M l r, 3

H e to T . S e r s H 6 2 No e . E . arv ll tark y, 7 y , , 9 , 97 H u se e to o s e 10 1 o o k D e of 10 1 10 2 1 L rd L i l , N rf l , uk , 97 , 3 , , 3 , in ston to C o e g r mw ll, 97 o S n s to o s e 6 L rd a dy L rd L i l , 9 o f on e to C o 86 On s o E o f 12 1 G ti r hab t, l w, arl , of Sir H en e s on 1 1 of 2 1 1 2 2 ry W t , 5 family , , 7 Sir F n s to his S ir c 1 12 1 18 0 ra ci family, 99 Ri hard , 4 , , Sir sse to o s e 6 Orl a Be n v on 1 0 Ru ll L rd Li l , 9 y, r ard , 9 S ir e s on to C o e 6 8 W t r mw ll,

S ir . e s on to o se 6 1 6 P e 6 R W t W l y, , 3 ac , Richard , 5

Sir T . CO le to es on 11 e S ir p y W t , 5 Pag , Richard , 9 3

S ir . es on to C o e 2 in e ss S on 1 8 1 W W t r mw ll, 7 Pa t d gla at utt , 5, 3 , 99 7 3 2 4 1 ’ to Sir H e n e s on 11 the n s oo 2 ry W t , 5 Patch , Ki g f l , 9 e on a o V n 1 e W s of n es e 6 . L rd da i ci , 5 Paul t , , Marqui Wi ch t r, s e o 6 2 L i l , L rd, 9 3 4 o s n 1 16 12 e of 6 0 L ck , ca al, 3 , , 7 Pavia , battl , Lose l e 8 11 e e e of es on 2 1 y, 7 7 , 7 , 5 P digr W t , 4 , 3 4 M 1 e n o Co on e 1 Lose l e S S . 1 y, at, 4 P rudd ck, l l, 3 9 on of n e o P e n n n e 6 Lytt K bw rth , 54 ick ri g, A , 7 , 94 of family , 94 ’ Mach n s Dia r 1 1 S ir C s o e y y , 4 hri t ph r, 94 n o G 1 P its on es 12 8 Maia , . , 57 , Jam , e o e 1 2 2 -2 o n e s on of 12 8 Mal t , R b rt, 9 , 5 P rtla d , W t , Earl , 2 o s S on e 1 1 William, 4 P rtrait at utt Plac , 5, 9 5 n s of 8 2 -8 8 Malta , K ight , n o F e the 2 2 1 2 n e the 1 1-18 1 Ma r i ld, , , 5 Quadra gl , , 7 n o of C n on 1 16 6 6 8 e s 2 2 Ma r la d , 3 , , 3 , , Quarri , 9

12 1, 180 of on 1 1 1 6 e s e n of B sse s 18 Gatt , 4 , 3 4 , 3 Ra , J a , ru l , 9 of H on Co 8 e o on the 6 - ampt urt , 5 R f rmati , , 5 7 5 of Lose l e e n s e n e in o e 1-8 1 1 y, 57 R a c c Eur p , , 55, 59 of S on 18 - 8 1 2 o e s e e n e of 8 utt , 7 , 3 , 57 , 5 Rh d , d f c , 59 , 5 e B ea o 1 2 2 0 0 n s of 8 2 - 88 Margar t uf rt, 9 , 3 , k ight ,

n e o 16 I . 2 Mar y, L rd , 3 R ichard , 5 e n e 10 1 0 Marv ll, A dr w, Richard I L , 3 8 P n e ss 0 8 0 . 1 2 2 0 2 2 Mary, ri c , 5 , R ichard III , 9 , 3 , 7 , ee n 1 on Co n e ss of 1- 20 0 Mary, Qu , 95 Richm d , u t , 3 3 3 , e e n of S o s 1 1 o e s Sir o s Mary, Qu c t , 5 R b rt , N ich la , 59 T o een of F n e o o o 0 Mary ud r, Qu ra c , 4 9, R chf rd , L rd , 7 2 10 o e s 8 8 0 R g r , Lady, 7 , e o n of 6 of 8 0 M rr w , gra t , 3 family , on s e e s sso on of S ir o n 80 M a t ri , di luti , 74 , 7 5, J h , 8 ose an e e 20 2 12 2 2 2 2 8 7 R , mbl m , 4 , , 5,

2 4 3 ANNAL S O F OLD MANOR - HOU SE

n o s see P n te ss o s e C n 6 1 Wi d w , ai d Gla W l y, ardi al, , 3 5, 3 7 , 4 , ir R 66 in ﬁ e l d S . W g , , 53 , 7 7 n s on C es 1 oo s o n of 2 8 Wi t , harl , 99 W d t ck, Edmu d , e s eo e 2 0 o es on 1 0 With r , G rg , 4 W rpl d , 3 o n 2 0 0 W ki g, 3 4 , 3 7 , o ffe of 1 2 1 Z e o Fe de ri o o 1 1 W l , family , 4 , 4 3 ucch r , g , p rtrait by, 3 , 1 2 17 6 l 4 , 9 5

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S TA ND A R The e for the s he n e e o n f h s o e D . pl a y n t tic i t rpr tati o i t ry has s ldo m e e n r e h mo e n s ic o s fo e an d e b u g d wit r co p u u rc b auty . DA I L Y CH R 0 N 1CLE he se a n d o he e s are n ot on s e n e . All t t r q ualiti ly di c r ibl he e n e t e hro h a n d h o h the e x re of the e e n e e s n W s e an d t y p rat t ug t r ug t tu d ply i t r ti g , i , e o e n o me e fo e u s l q u t v lu b r . MA m S C0 TS IV. B n o o s n . rillia t, vig r u , Sti ulati g

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A s an Ab d e d Ed on Ex a C o n 8 vo . l o ri g iti . tr r w S TA N D A R D The o ok is r e n i h s ho ar re as e as h . b w itt w t c l ly ca , w ll wit m i n e n s h a n d e e whe e he e is se n se of s e o the n a e i ag ativ i ig t, v ry r t r a pac ab ut rrativ , fo r Mr H rr s o n n e e o s u s to fo e the h n n so an d o h r . a i v r all w rg t c a gi g cial p litical c a ac e ris t f e e n re n t ics o e h s i i . ac ucc d g g‘ Y R LE E x e n on e of the han some s o DA I L CH ON I C . oks we h e t r ally , d t b av se e n fo r o n me an d in on e n s e ha min o r o f o e a l g ti , c t t a v ry c r g lab u l v . Mr H r so n n o o r e e S A TUR D A Y R E VI E W. . o on an ar i w uld , d ubt , w it w ll up y n t B u t his o k n hi ho use which ha d a hi sto ry worth the traci g ou . w r upo t s particula r ” - n f f ma n or ho us e has all the additio al charm o a labour o lo ve .

TH E CH OI CE OF B OOKS an d o e e e ce . B , th r lit rary p i s y i n v RE DERI C H R S S e con d Ed t o . ob e 8 o . 5 . F A RI ON . i G l 5 E ersl e S eri s [ n y e .

H R LEY Those who are r o s a s to Wh he sho ea in the r N M . M . J O O cu i u at t y uld r d ' i e e to e se m e n d Fre de ri H r s n e re 10 11 of pure l te ratur will do w ll p ru y fri c ar i o s vo lum

le d The Choice B ooks . You Wi ﬁ n d he e as m h s e ho h e o e n ca of ll t r uc wi t ug t, l q u tly ! it ze n u t as in a n o me of s s . d brillia tly p , y v lu i f e s e n e ss an d shre n TI ME S It is full o sugg tiv wd a aly tical criticism.

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d Twe lu E n l ish S tatesman S eries . v 25 . 6 . e 8 o . [ g “ — hr n k TI ME S . H e es on e e of e e n s n or oe s he s giv a w d rfully vivid pictur v t , d i e A5 for the fro m s pe culatin g o n the in cid e n ts which his to ry has le ft mo s t p bs cur . ”

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r H N M R LEY in the NI NE TE E N TH CE N TUR Y. Thes e e e s M . JO O littl liv e me o n ot be e x e cte d to be so e are m e s o f o n e n s ion . Th i p b y arv l c d at r t c uld ‘ a lut l mire th e ski an d s e ss Wi h hi h e q ual in a te am o f ﬁ fte e n but on e can o n ly ad ll ucc t w c ! e th e u n ity o f the ce n tral id e a has be e n pre se rv d . - / E IVI e r e n an d ur e sk e hes. A TH E N U . W ll w itt acc at tc

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