Eclectic Theosophist Ns V21 N1 Spring 1992
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Theosophy and the Origins of the Indian National Congress
THEOSOPHY AND THE ORIGINS OF THE INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS By Mark Bevir Department of Political Science University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA [E-mail: [email protected]] ABSTRACT A study of the role of theosophy in the formation of the Indian National Congress enhances our understanding of the relationship between neo-Hinduism and political nationalism. Theosophy, and neo-Hinduism more generally, provided western-educated Hindus with a discourse within which to develop their political aspirations in a way that met western notions of legitimacy. It gave them confidence in themselves, experience of organisation, and clear intellectual commitments, and it brought them together with liberal Britons within an all-India framework. It provided the background against which A. O. Hume worked with younger nationalists to found the Congress. KEYWORDS: Blavatsky, Hinduism, A. O. Hume, India, nationalism, theosophy. 2 REFERENCES CITED Archives of the Theosophical Society, Theosophical Society, Adyar, Madras. Banerjea, Surendranath. 1925. A Nation in the Making: Being the Reminiscences of Fifty Years of Public Life . London: H. Milford. Bharati, A. 1970. "The Hindu Renaissance and Its Apologetic Patterns". In Journal of Asian Studies 29: 267-88. Blavatsky, H.P. 1888. The Secret Doctrine: The Synthesis of Science, Religion and Philosophy . 2 Vols. London: Theosophical Publishing House. ------ 1972. Isis Unveiled: A Master-Key to the Mysteries of Ancient and Modern Science and Theology . 2 Vols. Wheaton, Ill.: Theosophical Publishing House. ------ 1977. Collected Writings . 11 Vols. Ed. by Boris de Zirkoff. Wheaton, Ill.: Theosophical Publishing House. Campbell, B. 1980. Ancient Wisdom Revived: A History of the Theosophical Movement . Berkeley: University of California Press. -
A REFLECTION on the SECRET DOCTRINE, No. 1
January 2012 A REFLECTION ON THE SECRET DOCTRINE , No. 1 The word doctrine may be defined as set of principles or as a body of teachings related to a particular subject. One example from the field of religion would be the Calvinist doctrine of predestination. In the realm of jurisprudence, the doctrine of self-defense is well established. Economists often refer to Marxist or Keynesian doctrines. The military has its doctrines relating to warfare which are studied at West Point and other military academies. A doctrine is something more than a mere idea, or even a concept. For these to be elevated to the status of doctrines, they need to be subjected to a period of intense critical analysis by scholars and experts in that particular field. The principles articulated by Mme. Blavatsky in The Secret Doctrine qualify as doctrines because they are part of a wisdom tradition extending back centuries in time. In his historical introduction to the 1979 edition, Editor Boris de Zirkoff dispenses with the notion that The Secret Doctrine is nothing more than a “syncretistic work wherein a multitude of seemingly unrelated teachings and ideas are cleverly woven together to form a more or less coherent whole” (1:74). It is not difficult to see how a novice reader might arrive at this superficial but erroneous conclusion, given the non-linear style of writing employed by Blavatsky in her magnum opus. To the student possessing a measure of intuitive capacity, deep and sustained consideration will reveal The Secret Doctrine to be “a wholly coherent outline of an ageless doctrine, a system of thought based upon occult facts and universal truths inherent in nature and which are as specific and definite as any mathematical proposition” (1:74). -
Buddhism and the Global Bazaar in Bodh Gaya, Bihar
DESTINATION ENLIGHTENMENT: BUDDHISM AND THE GLOBAL BAZAAR IN BODH GAYA, BIHAR by David Geary B.A., Simon Fraser University, 1999 M.A., Carleton University, 2003 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in The Faculty of Graduate Studies (Anthropology) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) December 2009 © David Geary, 2009 ABSTRACT This dissertation is a historical ethnography that examines the social transformation of Bodh Gaya into a World Heritage site. On June 26, 2002, the Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya was formally inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. As a place of cultural heritage and a monument of “outstanding universal value” this inclusion has reinforced the ancient significance of Bodh Gaya as the place of Buddha's enlightenment. In this dissertation, I take this recent event as a framing device for my historical and ethnographic analysis that details the varying ways in which Bodh Gaya is constructed out of a particular set of social relations. How do different groups attach meaning to Bodh Gaya's space and negotiate the multiple claims and memories embedded in place? How is Bodh Gaya socially constructed as a global site of memory and how do contests over its spatiality im- plicate divergent histories, narratives and events? In order to delineate the various historical and spatial meanings that place holds for different groups I examine a set of interrelated transnational processes that are the focus of this dissertation: 1) the emergence of Buddhist monasteries, temples and/or guest houses tied to international pilgrimage; 2) the role of tourism and pilgrimage as a source of economic livelihood for local residents; and 3) the role of state tourism development and urban planning. -
Painting the Masters. the Mystery of Hermann Schmiechen
Painting the Masters The Mystery of Hermann Schmiechen Massimo Introvigne (UPS, Torino, Italy) Besançon’s Forbidden Image One of the first books where sociology of religion met history of art was L’image interdite. Une histoire intellectuelle de l’iconoclasme, published by French social historian Alain Besançon in 1994 Iconoclasm vs Iconodulism The controversial book argued that Western art history is defined by opposition between iconoclasm (i.e the idea that the sacred should not be represented visually) and iconodulism (i.e support for sacred images) Although the terminology dates back to the Byzantine iconoclastic riots of the 8th century (right), modern Western iconoclasm originated with John Calvin (1509-1564) and became culturally dominant after the Enlightenment Iconoclasm: not against art, but against an art representing God or divine spirits Besançon’s definition of iconoclasm is not identical with some dictionary definitions of the same word. For him, iconoclasm is not against art and may even promote it. It only excludes from the field of art the representation of God and divine spirits or beings Image of Byzantine Emperor Leo III (685-741) on a coin: Leo, a leading iconoclast, was obviously not against representing himself Abstract Art as Iconoclasm Besançon* also argued that: 1. Iconoclasm is a distinctive trait of modernity, and abstract art is its most mature fruit 2. Symbolism, at first sight anti-iconoclastic, by substituting the Christian foundations of sacred art with a very different esoteric spirituality, in fact prepared the way for abstract iconoclasm 3. Several abstract painters, including Piet Mondrian (1872- 1944) passed at one stage through symbolism (Evolution, 1910-1911, left) * … with whom I do not necessarily agree Besançon and Theosophy Besançon claimed to be among the first social historians to devote serious attentions to Madame Blavatsky (1831-1891) and other Theosophical classics. -
The Teaching of Buddha”
THE TEACHING OF BUDDHA WHEEL OF DHARMA The Wheel of Dharma is the translation of the Sanskrit word, “Dharmacakra.” Similar to the wheel of a cart that keeps revolving, it symbolizes the Buddha’s teaching as it continues to be spread widely and endlessly. The eight spokes of the wheel represent the Noble Eightfold Path of Buddhism, the most important Way of Practice. The Noble Eightfold Path refers to right view, right thought, right speech, right behavior, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right meditation. In the olden days before statues and other images of the Buddha were made, this Wheel of Dharma served as the object of worship. At the present time, the Wheel is used internationally as the common symbol of Buddhism. Copyright © 1962, 1972, 2005 by BUKKYO DENDO KYOKAI Any part of this book may be quoted without permission. We only ask that Bukkyo Dendo Kyokai, Tokyo, be credited and that a copy of the publication sent to us. Thank you. BUKKYO DENDO KYOKAI (Society for the Promotion of Buddhism) 3-14, Shiba 4-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 108-0014 Phone: (03) 3455-5851 Fax: (03) 3798-2758 E-mail: [email protected] http://www.bdk.or.jp Four hundred & seventy-second Printing, 2019 Free Distribution. NOT for sale Printed Only for India and Nepal. Printed by Kosaido Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan Buddha’s Wisdom is broad as the ocean and His Spirit is full of great Compassion. Buddha has no form but manifests Himself in Exquisiteness and leads us with His whole heart of Compassion. -
The Miraculous Life of Gotama Buddha a Study in the Psychology of Mythology of the Historical Bodhisattva
The Miraculous Life of Gotama Buddha A study in the psychology of mythology of the historical Bodhisattva being SD 52.1 of the Sutta Discovery series by Piya Tan 2018 THE MINDING CENTRE Singapore First published in 2018 THE MINDING CENTRE Singapore ©2018 TAN Beng Sin All rights reserved Piya Tan (TAN Beng Sin), 1949- The Miraculous Life of Gotama Buddha: A study in the psychology of mythology of the historical Bodhisattva Publisher: the author ISBN 978-981-11-7432-2 (E-book) National Library Board, Singapore Cataloguing in Publication Data Name(s): Tan, Piya, 1949- Other title(s): Tipiṭaka. Suttapiṭaka. English. Selections | Miraculous life of Gotama Buddha : a study in the psychology of mythology of the historical Bodhisattva : being SD 52.1 of the Sutta discovery series Title: Sutta discovery. 52.1, The miraculous life of Gotama Buddha : a study in the psychology of mythology of the historical Bodhisattva / by Piya Tan. Description: Singapore : The Minding Centre, 2018. | Includes bibliographical references. Identifier(s): OCN 1028012130 | ISBN 978-981-11-7432-2 (paperback) Subject(s): LCSH: Tipiṭaka. Suttapiṭaka--Criticism, interpretation, etc. | Theravāda Buddhism--Doctrines. | Gautama Buddha. | Wisdom--Religious aspects-- Buddhism. Classification: DDC 294.3823--dc23 THE MINDING CENTRE, based in Singapore, is part of Piya Tan’s Dharma ministry. It was founded in 2006 to provide non-religious Dharma-based services to those in need of counsel and solace. It also serves as a haven and hub for those seeking Dharma by way of critical thinking, creative feeling, meditation, sutta translation and study, spiritual experience, and sharing that light and joy. -
Theosophy Is Religion Itself and Sublime Code of Ethics
Theosophy is Religion itself and sublime code of Ethics Theosophy is Religion itself and sublime code of Ethics v. 14.13, www.philaletheians.co.uk, 4 July 2018 Page 1 of 53 THEOSOPHY AND THEOSOPHISTS SERIES THEOSOPHY IS RELIGION ITSELF AND SUBLIME CODE OF ETHICS Contents and train of thoughts 1 The “Original Programme” of the Theosophical Society Introductory notes and documents by Boris de Zirkoff 3 Letter from Madame Blavatsky to Mr. W.Q. Judge 4 Letter from Madame Blavatsky to Mr. and Mrs. A.P. Sinnett 6 Chatterji and Gebhard on theosophical organization 8 The “Original Programme” Manuscript 12 Theosophy first and organization after 25 Some words on daily life by a Master of Wisdom 28 The majority of the public Areopagus is generally composed of self-appointed judges, who have never made a permanent deity of any idol save their own personalities, their lower selves. 28 There is no religion higher than Truth There is, and can be, but one absolute truth in Kosmos. 31 To the Readers of Lucifer 31 Theosophy is Religion itself, and sublime code of Ethics He who believes his own religion on faith, will regard that of every other man as a lie, and hate it on that same faith. 35 Theosophy is not a religion. It is Religion itself, a Divine Science embracing every science in life, moral and physical, and a sublime code of Ethics. 36 Theosophy is Religion and the Theosophical Society the Universal Church. 36 The Theosophical Movement is the great moral but silent force Human life, devoid of all its world-ideals and beliefs, becomes deprived of its higher sense and meaning. -
Blavatsky the Satanist: Luciferianism in Theosophy, and Its Feminist Implications
Blavatsky the Satanist: Luciferianism in Theosophy, and its Feminist Implications PER FAXNELD Stockholm University Abstract H. P. Blavatsky’s influential The Secret Doctrine (1888), one of the foundation texts of Theosophy, contains chapters propagating an unembarrassed Satanism. Theosophical sympathy for the Devil also extended to the name of their journal Lucifer, and discussions conducted in it. To Blavatsky, Satan is a cultural hero akin to Pro- metheus. According to her reinterpretation of the Christian myth of the Fall in Genesis 3, Satan in the shape of the serpent brings gnosis and liberates mankind. The present article situates these ideas in a wider nineteenth-century context, where some poets and socialist thinkers held similar ideas and a counter-hegemonic reading of the Fall had far-reaching feminist implications. Additionally, influences on Blavatsky from French occultism and research on Gnosticism are discussed, and the instrumental value of Satanist shock tactics is con- sidered. The article concludes that esoteric ideas cannot be viewed in isolation from politics and the world at large. Rather, they should be analyzed both as part of a religious cosmology and as having strategic polemical and didactic functions related to political debates, or, at the very least, carrying potential entailments for the latter. Keywords: Theosophy, Blavatsky, Satanism, Feminism, Socialism, Ro- manticism. In September 1875, Helena Petrovna Blavatsky (1831–1891) co-founded the Theosophical society in New York City. Colonel Henry Steel Olcott (1832–1907), lawyer and journalist, was elected its first president. Blavatsky, however, became the chief ideologist, drawing authority from the com- munications concerning esoteric matters she claimed to receive from the mysterious ‘Mahatmas’ (or ‘Masters’). -
Gautama Buddha - the Enlightened World-Teacher
GAUTAMA BUDDHA - THE ENLIGHTENED WORLD-TEACHER Manila! Patel, Istanbul. The subject of this essay is "Gautama Buddha - The Enlight• ened World-Teacher". He who is not only "the Light of Asia" but one of the foremost leaders of humanity, has left, unfortunately for us, no direct evidence of his personal life, nor any verbatim report of his own utterances. This, however, is in perfect tune with the unique attitude of Indian saints and sages towards the story of their individual life. In order to let the truth they sought shine in its pristine purity they maintained a studied silence on the events of their temporal existence and environ• ment. For our knowledge of the life and thought of the Buddha we have, therefore, to depend on what his immediate and later followers have recorded here and there in the Buddhist scriptures. Among these the Pali canon of the Sthaviravadins is most useful for our purpose. The Tripitakas, or the "Three Baskets of the Law" of this canon, were pro• bably compiled and completed by 241 B.C. They contain, therefore, the earliest and most reliable record of the doings and sayings of the Buddha, known to us at the moment. The traditional story thus built up from the disjointed details gleaned from the Pali canon may not appear entirely unvarnished to modern higher criticism. Admittedly it is diffi• cult to steer clear of the imaginary accretions and mythical legends thai have grown round the life of the Buddha during the many decades subsequent to his death. The story is, nevertheless, highly important and effective in its having exercised a vast and vibrant influence upon the ideals and actions of countless millions all over Asia for the last twenty- five centuries indeed. -
The Light of Asia and the Light of the World; a Comparison of the Legend
— — THE LIGHT OF ASIA AND THE LIGHT OF THE WOKLD A COMPARISON OF THE LEGEND, THE DOCTRINE, & THE ETHICS OF THE BUDDHA WITH THE STORY, THE DOCTRINE, & THE ETHICS OF CHRIST / S. H; KELLOGG, D.D. PROFESSOR IN THE WESTEHN THEOLOGICAL SEMINARV, ALLEGHENY, PA., U.S.A. ELEVEN YEARS MISSIONARY TO INDIA CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE AMERICAN ORIENTAL SOCIETY AUTHOR OF 'a GRAMMAR OF THE HINDI LANGUAGE, AND DIALECTS,' ETC. ' Woe unto them that putjb*kness Ibr J^htT darkness !' Isaiah. If the light that is in you b^iatkniosB, how'] kness ! ' Jesus Christ. MACMILLAN AND CO. 1885 COPYRIGHT BY S. H. KELLOGG 1885 THE LIGHT OF ASIA THE LIGHT OF THE WORLD — — PEEFACE. There is reason to believe that a large class even of Christian people have a most exaggerated idea of the excellence of the great non-Christian religions, and the extent to which their teachings agree with those of the Gospel of Christ. This remark applies with special force at present to the case of Buddhism, in which, for various reasons, very many intelligent people, of every variety of religious opinion, have of late years come to feel a very special interest. Such erroneous impressions in the case of many are doubtless due to a very pardonable ignorance or mis- apprehension of the real facts which bear upon the question. The data upon which one might base an intelligent judgment have not been as accessible to the general reading public as were to be desired. Even the valuable translations of the sacred books of the I)uddhists, which have lately appeared from various sources, reach but a class of readers comparatively VI PREFACE. -
Book and Exhibition Reviews
HIMALAYA, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies Volume 4 Number 3 Himalayan Research Bulletin Fall Article 8 1984 Fall 1984 Book and Exhibition Reviews Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/himalaya Recommended Citation . 1984. Book and Exhibition Reviews. HIMALAYA 4(3). Available at: https://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/himalaya/vol4/iss3/8 This Book Review is brought to you for free and open access by the DigitalCommons@Macalester College at DigitalCommons@Macalester College. It has been accepted for inclusion in HIMALAYA, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Macalester College. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Vll. BOOK AND EXHIBmON REVIEWS Kantowsky, D. & R. Sander (eds.) 1983 Recent Research on Ladakh. History, Culture, Sociology, Ecology. Proceedings of a Conference Held at the University of Konstanz [Constance ] 2.3 - 2.6 November 1981. Munich, etc.: Weltforum Verlag 1983. Schriftenreihe Internationales Asienforum, Band 1, 2.82. pages, 16 black & white plates; ink drawings, tables, sketch- maps. Price: DM 59. Reviewed by: Andr~s Hofer Universitat Heidelberg The book is a meritorious undertaking in that it reviews a number of projects, mainly by young scholars, exploring a little- known area which has only recently been re-opened for Westerners. It contains 15 contributions in English, 2. in German and 2. in French. They differ in both scope and quality, and this cannot be justified by the preliminary character of the research results alone. Suffice it to mention some of the outstanding papers: D. Schuh's notes on the relations between Ladakh and Bhutan in the 17th century, along with a warning against the social scientists' lighthearted reliance in secondary sources on Tibet; R. -
Three Eminent Theosophists
Three Eminent Theosophists Three Eminent Theosophists v. 10.21, www.philaletheians.co.uk, 30 May 2021 Page 1 of 13 THEOSOPHY AND THEOSOPHISTS SERIES Three Eminent Theosophists 1 by Boris de Zirkoff 2 Archibald Keightley 1859–1930 3 Julia Wharton Keightley 1851–1915 8 Bertram Keightley 1860–1944 11 1 Title page illustration by James White, NeoWave Series 3. 2 [Boris Mihailovich de Zirkoff (Борис́ Михайлович́ Цирков́ ), 1902–1981, Russian-born American Theosophist, editor, and writer. He was born in Saint Petersburg, Russia, March 7th 1902. His father was Mihail Vassilyevich de Zirkoff, a Russian general; his mother, Lydia Dmitriyevna von Hahn, who was a second cousin to Helena Pe- trovna Blavatsky. The Russian Revolution forced his family to flee in 1917 to Stockholm across Finland. De Zirkoff studied in European universities, where he specialized in languages and classics. “At Baden-Baden in Germany, he met a Russian American, Nikolai Romanoff, and learned from him about the existence, at Point Loma, close San Diego in California, of the organization, named Universal Brotherhood and Theosophical Socie- ty. He wrote a letter to Mrs. Katherine Tingley, then head of the Society, and when she visited Europe, they met in Finland. Mrs. Tingley, who had learned that Boris was Blavatsky's relative, invited him to come to the head- quarters at Point Loma and promised him all the necessary help in regard to his travel to America.” — Anton Rozman. Also consult “De Zirkoff recalls his formative years in Russia,” in the same Series. — ED. PHIL.] Three Eminent Theosophists v. 10.21, www.philaletheians.co.uk, 30 May 2021 Page 2 of 13 THEOSOPHY AND THEOSOPHISTS SERIES ARCHIBALD KEIGHTLEY 1859–1930 From Blavatsky Collected Writings, (BIBLIOGRAPHY) IX pp.