White Paper – Cloud Services in Sustaining Societal Functions
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The Financial Intelligence Unit Annual Report 2019
The Financial Intelligence Unit Annual Report 2019 Swedish Police Authority Content Preface ....................................................................................................3 The tasks and activities of the Financial Intelligence Unit ...4 The Financial Intelligence Unit in 2019 ........................................5 Money laundering ..............................................................................6 Characteristic modi operandi in 2019 .............................................8 BEC .......................................................................................................9 Vishing ................................................................................................10 Money laundering via online gambling accounts .......................11 Money laundering via real estate ...................................................11 Commercial money laundering ......................................................12 Cryptocurrency exchange agents ..........................................12 Commercial money laundering using a real estate agent’s escrow account ........................................13 Terrorist financing ............................................................................14 What constitutes terrorist offences and terrorist financing? .....14 What does terrorist financing look like? .......................................14 Cooperation ......................................................................................15 The international work of the Financial -
Security Service Yearbook 2018
1 Swedish Security Service Swedish 2018 2 Xx 3 Contents Preface 2018 - Reflections by the Head of the Security Service 4–5 2018 - Reflections Remit 4 by the Head of the The Swedish Security Service 6–7 Security Service in brief The cooperation International cooperation 8–9 The future Trends and tendencies 10–11 The elections 12 The elections Protecting the elections 12–15 Strategic cooperation for Sweden’s security 1 6 – 1 7 Threats The grey area 18–23 Strategic 16 cooperation Protective security Sweden’s security: stricter legislation in place 24–25 Protective security explained 26–27 Dignitary protection explained 2 8 – 3 0 The new Extremism Protective 24 Security Act Extreme unit 31–35 The drop that hollows the stone 36–37 Ideologically motivated crime 38–39 Reduction Counter-proliferation 40 Aliens cases 41 31 Extreme unit Contents 4 Klas Friberg The intelligence threat is also a security threat The world is changing faster than ever. Political developments in the Baltic Sea region as well as in the rest of Europe, the Middle East and China have an impact also on Sweden’s national security. In 2018, there were several incidents that put the ability of the Security Service to protect Sweden and our democratic form of government to the test. he threats to our country are threats and security is large and as cyber operations, strategic pur- more substantial than they ever-growing. chases and certain diplomatic initia- Thave been in many years. They In the past few years, we have tives, state actors seek to gain an are also broader and have taken on noted that Russia in particular has advantage that could be used to new forms. -
A Unified Swedish Police Service (SOU 2012:13)
Summary Our remit The remit of the Police Organisation Committee is to analyse whether the current organisation of the police constitutes an obstacle to the Government’s requirements for higher quality, increased cost-effectiveness, increased flexibility and a substantial improvement in police performance. If the Committee considers that the organisation constitutes an obstacle in these respects a new organisation is to be proposed. The remit can be seen in the light of the considerable additional resources the police service has received. During the period 2000– 2010 the police service appropriation increased by more than 40 per cent to SEK 19 billion for 2010. At the same time the number of police service employees increased by 26 per cent to 28 000, of whom 20 300 were police officers, making the Police Service the largest state-controlled activity in Sweden. The Government´s assessment is that the increased resources are not reflected in police performance. Organisation of the Swedish Police Service The Swedish Police Service is a state service consisting of 21 police authorities with geographical areas of responsibility that follow the county boundaries, the National Police Board and the National Laboratory of Forensic Science. The National Police Board is the superordinate authority for the National Laboratory of Forensic Science. The National Criminal Police and the Swedish Security Service are constituent parts of the National Police Board, alt- hough the Swedish Security Service in practice functions as an independent authority. 37 Summary SOU 2012:13 The National Police Board is the central administrative agency for police services and has a supervisory function. -
ASD-Covert-Foreign-Money.Pdf
overt C Foreign Covert Money Financial loopholes exploited by AUGUST 2020 authoritarians to fund political interference in democracies AUTHORS: Josh Rudolph and Thomas Morley © 2020 The Alliance for Securing Democracy Please direct inquiries to The Alliance for Securing Democracy at The German Marshall Fund of the United States 1700 18th Street, NW Washington, DC 20009 T 1 202 683 2650 E [email protected] This publication can be downloaded for free at https://securingdemocracy.gmfus.org/covert-foreign-money/. The views expressed in GMF publications and commentary are the views of the authors alone. Cover and map design: Kenny Nguyen Formatting design: Rachael Worthington Alliance for Securing Democracy The Alliance for Securing Democracy (ASD), a bipartisan initiative housed at the German Marshall Fund of the United States, develops comprehensive strategies to deter, defend against, and raise the costs on authoritarian efforts to undermine and interfere in democratic institutions. ASD brings together experts on disinformation, malign finance, emerging technologies, elections integrity, economic coercion, and cybersecurity, as well as regional experts, to collaborate across traditional stovepipes and develop cross-cutting frame- works. Authors Josh Rudolph Fellow for Malign Finance Thomas Morley Research Assistant Contents Executive Summary �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1 Introduction and Methodology �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� -
Storm on the Horizon
Storm on the Horizon: HOW THE U.S. CLOUD ACT MAY INTERACT WITH FOREIGN ACCESS TO EVIDENCE AND DATA LOCALIZATION LAWS Shelli Gimelstein TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction 3 II. The CLOUD Act 5 A. Certification Requirements 5 B. Limitations on Orders 5 1. QFG Requests 5 2. Challenging Orders in Court 6 3. U.S. Requests for Data Located in a non-QFG 8 III. Potential Conflicts of Law 9 A. Forced Decryption and the UK Investigatory Powers Act 9 B. UK Overseas Production Orders Bill 10 C. EU Legislation 11 1. General Data Protection Regulation 11 2. E-Evidence Directive 12 D. Australia’s Assistance and Access Act 13 E. Data Localization Laws 14 IV. Impact on Providers & Conclusions 18 Storm on the Horizon: How the U.S. CLOUD Act May Interact with Foreign Access to Evidence and Data Localization Laws I. INTRODUCTION Frustrated by the complex and inefficient process of obtaining online data stored by technology companies around the world, the U.S., EU, and numerous other governments have recently enacted legislation making it easier for them to access users’ data in connection with criminal investigations. As a result of the U.S. Clarifying Legal Overseas Use of Data Act (“CLOUD Act”)1, the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”), and various countries’ data protection and localization laws, technology companies—in particular, online service providers—face rapidly shifting legal landscapes and practical considerations underlying their decisions about where to store user data. U.S.-based providers have particular cause for concern: while the Stored Communications Act (SCA) previously blocked them from disclosing U.S.-held communications content requested by foreign governments, the CLOUD Act amended the SCA to permit foreign governments that have entered into executive agreements with the U.S. -
Overcoming Constitutional Objections to the CLOUD Act Peter Swire & Justin Hemmings Introduction in 2018, the U.S
Issue Brief February 2020 Overcoming Constitutional Objections to the CLOUD Act Peter Swire & Justin Hemmings Introduction In 2018, the U.S. passed the Clarifying Lawful Overseas Use of Data Act (the “CLOUD Act” or “Act”) in response to two related but distinct issues. The first part of the Act clarifies rules governing U.S. law enforcement access to data in the hands of U.S. providers, and in doing so mooted the pending Supreme Court case United States v. Microsoft (the “Microsoft Ireland” case). Microsoft argued that a U.S. warrant had no legal force to compel the production of emails stored on a server in Ireland. To resolve that question of law, the first part of the CLOUD Act provides that compelled disclosure orders issued by the U.S. will apply “regardless of whether such communication, record, or other information is located within or outside of the United States.”1 The second part of the CLOUD Act responds to foreign governments’ access to data in the hands of U.S. providers. Under the Stored Communications Act (SCA),2 which is part of the Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA),3 service providers are generally prohibited from responding to a foreign government request for the content of communications except upon receipt of a court order signed by a U.S. judge. This prohibition applies even when the foreign government seeks to access data regarding its own nationals in the investigation of a local crime. With the prevalence of cloud computing, evidence for ordinary criminal investigations increasingly is held on servers in different countries. -
Adapting to Compete in the Gray Zone
AUGUST 2019 A REPORT OF THE CSIS INTERNATIONAL SECURITY PROGRAM PART II: ADAPTING TO BY COMPETE IN THE GRAY ZONE OTHER MEANS PROJECT DIRECTORS Kathleen H. Hicks Melissa Dalton AUTHORS Melissa Dalton Kathleen H. Hicks Megan Donahoe Lindsey Sheppard Alice Hunt Friend Michael Matlaga Joseph Federici Matthew Conklin Joseph Kiernan The views, opinions, and/or findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official Department of Defense position, policy, or decision. AUGUST 2019 A REPORT OF THE CSIS INTERNATIONAL SECURITY PROGRAM PART II: ADAPTING TO BY COMPETE IN THE GRAY ZONE OTHER MEANS PROJECT DIRECTORS Kathleen H. Hicks Melissa Dalton AUTHORS Melissa Dalton Kathleen H. Hicks Megan Donahoe Lindsey Sheppard Alice Hunt Friend Michael Matlaga Joseph Federici Matthew Conklin Joseph Kiernan Lanham • Boulder • New York • London About CSIS Established in Washington, D.C., over 50 years ago, the Center for Strategic and In- ternational Studies (CSIS) is a bipartisan, nonprofit policy research organization dedicated to providing strategic insights and policy solutions to help decisionmakers chart a course toward a better world. In late 2015, Thomas J. Pritzker was named chairman of the CSIS Board of Trustees. Mr. Pritzker succeeded former U.S. senator Sam Nunn (D-GA), who chaired the CSIS Board of Trustees from 1999 to 2015. CSIS is led by John J. Hamre, who has served as president and chief executive officer since 2000. Founded in 1962 by David M. Abshire and Admiral Arleigh Burke, CSIS is one of the world’s preeminent international policy institutions focused on defense and security; regional study; and transnational challenges ranging from energy and trade to global development and economic integration. -
5 November 2012
5 November 2012 THOUGHT FOR THE DAY THE PTSS DAILY began as a means of keeping PTSS FLASH POINTS Marshall Center Alumni abreast of news related to TOP HEADLINES terrorism. THE PTSS DAILY is neither an academic journal nor the effort of a research directorate or a large SPECIAL: EUROPE SHOULD LABEL HEZBOLLAH A TERRORIST GROUP, U.S. URGES staff. Early each morning, articles that are cited in THE COUNTERTERRORISM NEWS BY NATION & REGION PTSS DAILY are culled from hundreds of sources with AFGHANISTAN the intent of providing you with the most current news, ALGERIA discussions and commentary on terrorism and related BURMA issues such as piracy or narco-terrorism. These articles, CANADA COLOMBIA curated from news media, academic and international EGYPT sources or submitted by many of you, give our growing FRANCE network a snapshot of this pernicious threat. GERMANY Every effort is made to ensure that credible articles are INDIA HE AILY INDONESIA chosen, but the intent of T PTSS D is to deliver IRAN wide coverage. You – the professional – must be the ISRAEL final discriminator on the merit of a particular article and JORDAN its value to your profession. To ensure that THE PTSS KENYA DAILY is both relevant and valuable to the reader, we LEBANON welcome and highly encourage comments from you. LIBYA MALAYSIA MOROCCO GEORGE C. MARSHALL NIGERIA EUROPEAN CENTER FOR SECURITY STUDIES NORWAY PALESTINIAN AUTHORITY LTG (Ret.) Keith W. Dayton, Director PAKISTAN/AFPAK Dr. Robert Brannon, Dean, College of International RUSSIA Security Studies SOMALIA SWEDEN PTSS DAILY EDITORIAL STAFF SYRIA TUNISIA Col (Ret.) Professor Nick Pratt, Executive Editor TURKEY Mrs. -
13510/04 EXT 1 Gvdb/Nt DG H II COUNCIL of the EUROPEAN
COUNCIL OF Brussels, 28 October 2011 THE EUROPEAN UNION 13510/04 EXT 1 ENFOPOL 138 PARTIAL DECLASSIFICATION of document: 13510/04 RESTREINT UE dated: 4 November 2011 new status: Public Subject: Evaluation of National Anti-Terrorist Arrangements Report about Sweden, 24-27 February 2004 Delegations will find attached the partially declassified version of the above-mentioned document. ________________________ 13510/04 EXT 1 GvdB/nt DG H II EN ANNEX COUNCIL OF Brussels, 4 November 2004 THE EUROPEAN UNION 13510/04 EXT 1 (28.10.2011) ENFOPOL 138 NOTE from : General Secretariat to : Working Party on Terrorism Subject : Evaluation of National Anti-Terrorist Arrangements Report about Sweden, 24-27 February 2004 13510/04 EXT 1 GvdB/nt 1 ANNEX DG H II EN Evaluation of Sweden, 24 - 27 February 2004 SUMMARY 1.Terrorism Situation ...............................................................................................................3 1.1. DomesticTerrorism.......................................................................................3 1.2. International Terrorism ................................................................................4 1.2.1 Vulnerability of Modern Societies........................................................4 1.2.2.Counter-Terrorism ...............................................................................5 2. Structure of Authorities..........................................................................................6 2.1. General Situation...........................................................................................6 -
Cross-Border Data Sharing Under the CLOUD Act
Cross-Border Data Sharing Under the CLOUD Act Stephen P. Mulligan Legislative Attorney April 23, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R45173 Cross-Border Data Sharing Under the CLOUD Act Summary Law enforcement officials in the United States and abroad increasingly seek access to electronic communications, such as emails and social media posts, stored on servers and in data centers in foreign countries. Because the architecture of the internet allows technology companies to store data at a great distance from the physical location of their customers, electronic communications that could serve as evidence of a crime often are not housed in the same country where the crime occurred. This disconnect has caused governments around the world, including the United States, to seek data stored outside their territorial jurisdictions. In the Clarifying Lawful Overseas Use of Data (CLOUD) Act, Congress enacted one of the first major changes in years to U.S. law governing cross-border access to electronic communications held by private companies. The CLOUD Act has two major components. The first facet addresses the U.S. government’s ability to compel technology companies to disclose the contents of electronic communications stored on the companies’ servers and data centers overseas. The Stored Communications Act (SCA) mandates that certain technology companies disclose the contents of electronic communications pursuant to warrants issued by U.S. courts based on probable cause that the communications contain evidence of a crime. But a dispute arose over whether warrants issued under the SCA could compel disclosure of data held outside the territorial jurisdiction of the United States. -
Sweden and on Swedish Interests
COMMITTEE OF EXPERTS ON TERRORISM (CODEXTER) PROFILES ON COUNTER-TERRORISM CAPACITY SSWWEEDDEENN April 2014 www.coe.int/terrorism NATIONAL POLICY Swedish Security Service and other agencies concerned, this means that counter-terrorism is a In February 2012 the Government adopted an task that is given high priority. updated National counter-terrorism strategy in a communication to the Riksdag (the Swedish The Swedish Security Service is responsible for Parliament) Responsibility and commitment – a countering terrorist crime and for pursuing attacks in national counter-terrorism strategy (Govt. Com. Sweden and on Swedish interests. Terrorist crime 2011/12:73). In the Communication the Government can be detected, investigated and prosecuted presents a national strategy to prevent the through the combined capability of the justice emergence of terrorism, to pursue terrorist attacks system and the intelligence services. and to prepare for the eventuality of a terrorist attack occurring nevertheless. In the strategy the The Government has successively increased the Government sets out its view of the starting points, financial resources of the Swedish Security Service objectives and direction of Swedish counter- and other parts of the Swedish Police. This funding terrorism. Also, the Government gives an overview has been provided in order to increase the impact of of the measures already taken, started or planned to law enforcement work in general but also specifically address future challenges. to improve the capability to pursue terrorist attacks. In addition, the Security Service has undergone an The national counter-terrorism strategy adopts a organisational transformation so as to be able to broad approach and covers a range of government discharge more effectively its task of protecting agencies and other parts of society. -
Countering Violent Extremism the Counter Narrative Study
! COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM THE COUNTER NARRATIVE STUDY “Countering the Narratives of Violent Extremism FOREWORD The Achilles’ heel of our strategy against terrorism and violent extremism has been the failure to counter the narratives that groups use to recruit. As long as groups attract a steady stream of new members, the terrorism and violence will continue. This is why the strategy known as Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) is so important, and must be used as a counterterrorism tool alongside military, intelligence, and law enforcement operations. Through our partnership with the Qatar International Academy for Security Studies (QIASS), we offer critical guidance to those wishing to counter the narratives of violence and extremism. “Countering Violent Extremism: The Counter-Narrative Study” is the result of a year- long research project conducted by our team of former top law enforcement, intelligence, and counterterrorism officials. We traveled around the world, from Malaysia to Kenya to Norway to Northern Ireland to the United States, studying extremist and terrorist groups and interviewing their members, as well as those in government and other important stakeholders responsible for tackling the problem. As you will see from our “Findings,” we’ve put together some essential lessons. One of the most important takeaways is understanding the pattern(s) behind group recruitment. Terrorist and extremist groups first prey on local grievances—exploiting feelings of anger, humiliation, resentment, or lack of purpose. They then incorporate, into their violent pronouncements, conspiratorial messages that blame those they are targeting. Self-proclaimed religious groups use distorted religious edicts in their narratives. Recruiters achieve success by providing both answers and a sense of purpose to vulnerable individuals.