Sea Level Change
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Holocene Progradation and Retrogradation of the Central Texas Coast Regulated by Alongshore and Cross-Shore Sediment Flux Variability
Received: 4 May 2020 | Revised: 8 October 2020 | Accepted: 15 October 2020 DOI: 10.1002/dep2.130 ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE Holocene progradation and retrogradation of the Central Texas Coast regulated by alongshore and cross-shore sediment flux variability Christopher I. Odezulu1 | Travis Swanson2 | John B. Anderson1 1Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Science, Rice University, Abstract Houston, TX, USA Fifteen transects of sediment cores located off the central Texas coast between 2Department of Geology and Geography, Matagorda Peninsula and North Padre Island were investigated to examine the off- Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, shore record of Holocene evolution of the central Texas coast. The transects extend GA, USA from near the modern shoreline to beyond the toe of the shoreface. Lithology, grain *Correspondence size and fossil content were used to identify upper shoreface, lower shoreface, ebb- Christopher I. Odezulu, Department tidal delta and marine mud lithofacies. Interpretations of these core transects show of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Science, Rice University, Houston, TX, a general stratigraphic pattern across the study area that indicates three major epi- USA. sodes of shoreface displacement. First, there was an episode of shoreface prograda- Email: [email protected] tion that extended up to 5 km seaward. Second, an episode of landward shoreline Funding information displacement is indicated by 3–4 km of marine mud onlap. Third, the marine muds Rice University Shell Center for Sustainability. are overlain by shoreface sands, which indicates another episode of shoreface pro- gradation of up to 5 km seaward. Radiocarbon ages constrain the onset of the first episode of progradation to ca 6.5 ka, ending at ca 5.0 ka when the rate of sea-level rise slowed from an average rate of 1.6–0.5 mm/yr. -
Resilience of River Deltas in the Anthropocene
manuscript submitted to JGR: Earth Surface 1 Resilience of river deltas in the Anthropocene 1 2 3 4 2 A.J.F. Hoitink , J.A. Nittrouer , P. Passalacqua , J.B. Shaw , E.J. 5 6 6 3 Langendoen , Y. Huismans & D.S. van Maren 1 4 Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands 2 5 Rice University, Houston, Texas USA 3 6 University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas USA 4 7 Department of Geosciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas USA 5 8 National Sedimentation Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Oxford, Mississippi USA 6 9 Deltares, Delft, The Netherlands 10 Key Points: 11 • The predictive capacity of morphodynamic models needs to improve to better an- 12 ticipate global change impacts on deltas 13 • Information theory and dynamical system theory offer complementary analysis frame- 14 works to improve understanding of delta resilience 15 • The sediment balance in a delta channel network needs to be closed such that pre- 16 dictions match with independent observations Corresponding author: Ton Hoitink, [email protected] {1{ manuscript submitted to JGR: Earth Surface 17 Abstract 18 At a global scale, delta morphologies are subject to rapid change as a result of direct and 19 indirect effects of human activity. This jeopardizes the ecosystem services of deltas, in- 20 cluding protection against flood hazards, facilitation of navigation and biodiversity. Di- 21 rect manifestations of delta morphological instability include river bank failure, which 22 may lead to avulsion, persistent channel incision or aggregation, and a change of the sed- 23 imentary regime to hyperturbid conditions. Notwithstanding the in-depth knowledge de- 24 veloped over the past decades about those topics, existing understanding is fragmented, 25 and the predictive capacity of morphodynamic models is limited. -
The Stratigraphic Architecture and Evolution of the Burdigalian Carbonate—Siliciclastic Sedimentary Systems of the Mut Basin, Turkey
The stratigraphic architecture and evolution of the Burdigalian carbonate—siliciclastic sedimentary systems of the Mut Basin, Turkey P. Bassanta,*, F.S.P. Van Buchema, A. Strasserb,N.Gfru¨rc aInstitut Franc¸ais du Pe´trole, Rueil-Malmaison, France bUniversity of Fribourg, Switzerland cIstanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey Received 17 February 2003; received in revised form 18 November 2003; accepted 21 January 2004 Abstract This study describes the coeval development of the depositional environments in three areas across the Mut Basin (Southern Turkey) throughout the Late Burdigalian (early Miocene). Antecedent topography and rapid high-amplitude sea-level change are the main controlling factors on stratigraphic architecture and sediment type. Stratigraphic evidence is observed for two high- amplitude (100–150 m) sea-level cycles in the Late Burdigalian to Langhian. These cycles are interpreted to be eustatic in nature and driven by the long-term 400-Ka orbital eccentricity-cycle-changing ice volumes in the nascent Antarctic icecap. We propose that the Mut Basin is an exemplary case study area for guiding lithostratigraphic predictions in early Miocene shallow- marine carbonate and mixed environments elsewhere in the world. The Late Burdigalian in the Mut Basin was a time of relative tectonic quiescence, during which a complex relict basin topography was flooded by a rapid marine transgression. This area was chosen for study because it presents extraordinary large- scale 3D outcrops and a large diversity of depositional environments throughout the basin. Three study transects were constructed by combining stratal geometries and facies observations into a high-resolution sequence stratigraphic framework. 3346 m of section were logged, 400 thin sections were studied, and 145 biostratigraphic samples were analysed for nannoplankton dates (Bassant, P., 1999. -
Prokaryotes Exposed to Elevated Hydrostatic Pressure - Daniel Prieur
EXTREMOPHILES – Vol. III - Piezophily: Prokaryotes Exposed to Elevated Hydrostatic Pressure - Daniel Prieur PIEZOPHILY: PROKARYOTES EXPOSED TO ELEVATED HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE Daniel Prieur Université de Bretagne occidentale, Plouzané, France. Keywords: archea, bacteria, deep biosphere, deep sea, Europa, exobiology, hydrothermal vents, hydrostatic pressure, hyperthermophile, Mars, oil reservoirs, prokaryote. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Deep-Sea Microbiology 2.1. A Brief History 2.2. Deep-Sea Psychrophiles 2.2.1. General Features 2.2.2. Adaptations to Elevated Hydrostatic Pressure 2.3. Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vents 2.3.1. Deep-Sea Hyperthermophiles 2.3.2. Responses to Hydrostatic Pressure 3. Other Natural Environments Exposed to Hydrostatic Pressure 3.1. Deep Marine Sediments 3.2. Deep Oil Reservoirs 3.3. Deep Rocks and Aquifers 3.4. Sub-Antarctic Lakes 4. Other Worlds 4.1. Mars 4.2. Europa 5. Conclusions Acknowledgements Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketch SummaryUNESCO – EOLSS All living organisms, and particularly prokaryotes, which colonize the most extreme environments, SAMPLEhave their physiology cont rolledCHAPTERS by a variety of physicochemical parameters whose different values contribute to the definition of biotopes. Hydrostatic pressure is one of the major parameters influencing life, but its importance is limited to only some environments, especially the deep sea. If the deep sea is defined as water layers below one kilometer depth, this amount of water, which is exposed to pressures up to 100 MPa, represents 62% of the volume of the total Earth biosphere. A rather small numbers of investigators have studied the prokaryotes that, alongside invertebrates and vertebrates, inhabit this extreme environment. Deep-sea prokaryotes show different levels of adaptation to elevated hydrostatic pressure, from the barosensitive organisms to the obligate piezophiles. -
1 Cyclical Shoreline Erosion: the Impact of a Jettied River Mouth on the Downdrift Barrier Island
CYCLICAL SHORELINE EROSION: THE IMPACT OF A JETTIED RIVER MOUTH ON THE DOWNDRIFT BARRIER ISLAND ANDREW R. FALLON1, CHRISTOPHER J. HEIN2, PETER S. ROSEN3, HALEY L. GANNON4 1. Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, 1375 Greate Rd, Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062, [email protected] 2. Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, 1375 Greate Rd, Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062, [email protected] 3. Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston Massachusetts, 02115, [email protected] 4. College of William and Mary, 200 Stadium Drive, Williamsburg, VA 23186, [email protected] Abstract: Beaches and inlets throughout the U.S. have been stabilized for purposes of navigation, erosion mitigation, and economic resilience, commonly leading to changes in shoreline dynamics and downdrift erosion/accretion patterns. The developed beach of Plum Island, Massachusetts is highly dynamic, experiencing regular complex erosion / accretion patterns along much of the shoreline. We analyzed > 100 years of high-water line positions derived from satellite imagery, t-sheets, historical maps, and aerial photography. Unlike most beaches, the river-proximal sections of Plum Island are not uniformly retreating. Rather, the beach undergoes short-term erosion, followed by periods of accretion and return to a long-term mean stable shoreline position. These cycles occur over different timeframes and in different segments of the beach, creating an ephemeral erosion ‘hotspot’ lasting as briefly as one year. The highly dynamic and spatially diverse nature of erosion along Plum Island provides insight into the complex nature of coupled inlet-beach dynamics over multiple timescales. Introduction Coastlines throughout the world have been highly developed, creating high risk areas due to the dynamic nature of beaches, tidal inlets and barrier islands. -
2007 MTS Overview of Manned Underwater Vehicle Activity
P A P E R 2007 MTS Overview of Manned Underwater Vehicle Activity AUTHOR ABSTRACT William Kohnen There are approximately 100 active manned submersibles in operation around the world; Chair, MTS Manned Underwater in this overview we refer to all non-military manned underwater vehicles that are used for Vehicles Committee scientific, research, tourism, and commercial diving applications, as well as personal leisure SEAmagine Hydrospace Corporation craft. The Marine Technology Society committee on Manned Underwater Vehicles (MUV) maintains the only comprehensive database of active submersibles operating around the world and endeavors to continually bring together the international community of manned Introduction submersible operators, manufacturers and industry professionals. The database is maintained he year 2007 did not herald a great through contact with manufacturers, operators and owners through the Manned Submersible number of new manned submersible de- program held yearly at the Underwater Intervention conference. Tployments, although the industry has expe- The most comprehensive and detailed overview of this industry is given during the UI rienced significant momentum. Submersi- conference, and this article cannot cover all developments within the allocated space; there- bles continue to find new applications in fore our focus is on a compendium of activity provided from the most dynamic submersible tourism, science and research, commercial builders, operators and research organizations that contribute to the industry and who share and recreational work; the biggest progress their latest information through the MTS committee. This article presents a short overview coming from the least likely source, namely of submersible activity in 2007, including new submersible construction, operation and the leisure markets. -
Published Version
PUBLISHED VERSION Lewis, Megan Mary; White, Davina Cherie; Gotch, Travis Bruce (eds.) 2013, Allocating water and maintaining springs in the Great Artesian Basin. Volume IV. Spatial survey and remote sensing of artesian springs of the western Great Artesian Basin, Canberra, National Water Commission © Commonwealth of Australia 2013 This work is copyright. The Copyright Act 1968 permits fair dealing for study, research, news reporting, criticism or review and the National Water Commission supports and encourages the dissemination and exchange of its information. Selected passages, tables or diagrams may be reproduced for such purposes provided you attribute the National Water Commission as the source. Reproduction for commercial use or sale requires prior written permission from the National Water Commission. Requests and enquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to the Communication Director, National Water Commission, 95 Northbourne Avenue, Canberra ACT 2600 or email [email protected] PERMISSIONS This document is made available with special permission from the National Water Commission. 14.05.2013. The full report is available at the National Water Commission’s Archive site: http://archive.nwc.gov.au/library/topic/groundwater/allocating-water-and-maintaining- springs-in-the-great-artesian-basin ‘Allocating Water and Maintaining Springs in the GAB’ http://hdl.handle.net/2440/77601 Volume IV: Spatial Survey and Remote Sensing of Artesian Springs of the Western Great Artesian Basin Allocating Water and Maintaining Springs 6 in the Great Artesian Basin Evaluation of remote sensing approaches Megan M Lewis School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Adelaide Davina White School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Adelaide Volume IV: Spatial Survey and Remote Chapter 6: Evaluation of Sensing of Artesian Springs of the remote sensing approaches Western Great Artesian Basin Allocating Water and Maintaining Springs in the Great Artesian Basin 6 6. -
Zellman Mines 0052E 11720.Pdf (6.993Mb)
INVESTIGATING LINKS BETWEEN CLIMATE PERTURBATIONS, RIVER DISCHARGE VARIABILITY AND FLUVIAL FANS IN THE PALEOGENE SAN JUAN BASIN, NEW MEXICO, USA by Kristine L. Zellman © Copyright by Kristine L. Zellman, 2019 All Rights Reserved A thesis submitted to the Faculty and the Board of Trustees of the Colorado School of Mines in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Geology). Golden, Colorado Date Signed: Kristine L. Zellman Signed: Dr. Piret Plink-Bj¨orklund Thesis Advisor Golden, Colorado Date Signed: Dr. M. Stephen Enders Professor and Head Department of Geology and Geological Engineering ii ABSTRACT The San Juan Basin in New Mexico preserves the southernmost sedimentary record of the Paleocene and early-Eocene in North America, and thus represents a critical point for comparison for climatic and biotic change during the Paleogene. This dissertation combines basin-scale 3D outcrop analyses of fluvial architecture and preliminary stable carbon isotope records from the Paleocene upper Nacimiento Formation and the early-Eocene San Jose Formation to investigate the link between Paleogene climate perturbations and depositional trends. Through these investigations, we 1) identify the succession as deposits of variable dis- charge river systems, 2) observe a long-term stratigraphic trend toward increasingly well- drained floodplain deposits, and thus successively more arid conditions from Paleocene into the early-Eocene that we suggest may indicate a long-term shift from a monsoonal climate in the Paleocene to fluctuating humid and arid subtropical and then semi-arid/arid conditions in the early Eocene, 3) identify the Paleocene uppermost Nacimiento Formation and early- Eocene Cuba Mesa and Regina Members of the San Jose Formation as deposits of a large fluvial fan and identify at least two vertical packages of fan progradation, and 4) identify at least two negative carbon isotope excursions that may record the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) and one or more post-PETM hyperthermal events. -
Deciphering the Origin of Cyclical Gravel Front and Shoreline Progradation and Retrogradation in the Stratigraphic Record
Deciphering the origin of cyclical gravel front and shoreline progradation and retrogradation in the stratigraphic record John J. Armitage1, Peter A. Burgess2, Gary J. Hampson3, and Philip A. Allen3 1Department of Earth Science, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK; Now at Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, 1 rue Jussieu, Paris, 75005, France; e-mail: [email protected] 2Department of Earth Science, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK 3Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK May 4, 2016 1 1 Abstract 2 Nearly all successions of near-shore strata exhibit cyclical movements of the shoreline, which 3 have commonly been attributed to cyclical oscillations in relative sea level (combining eustasy 4 and subsidence) or, more rarely, to cyclical variations in sediment supply. It has become accepted 5 that cyclical change in sediment delivery from source catchments may lead to cyclical movement 6 of boundaries such as the gravel front, particularly in the proximal segments of sediment routing 7 systems. In order to quantitatively assess how variations in sediment transport as a consequence 8 of change in relative sea-level and surface run-off control stratigraphic architecture, we develop a 9 simple numerical model of sediment transport and explore the sensitivity of moving boundaries 10 within the sediment routing system to change in upstream (sediment flux, precipitation rate) and 11 downstream (sea level) controls. We find that downstream controls impact the shoreline and sand 12 front, while the upstream controls can impact the whole system depending on the amplitude of 13 change in sediment flux and precipitation rate. -
Little Ambergris Cay, a Case Study for Ooid Rich Island Development on the Turks and Caicos Carbonate Platform
Little Ambergris Cay, a Case Study for Ooid Rich Island Development on the Turks and Caicos Carbonate Platform By Drew G. Brown Geological Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder Defense Date (November 4th, 2020) Thesis Advisor: Dr. Elizabeth Trower, Geology Defense Committee: Dr. Elizabeth Trower, Geological Sciences Dr. Brian Hynek, Geological Sciences Dr. Julia Moriarty, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences 1 Abstract: Little Ambergris Cay (LAC) within the Turks and Caicos is a useful field site to examine the accumulation of a carbonate island, within a typical carbonate platform environment, because it does not follow the typically accepted modes of island accretion. There are several methods used to describe carbonate island formation after Schlager (2003), who described carbonate “factories” in reference to the modern analogues of Florida and the Bahamas. The Turks and Caicos, and specifically Little Ambergris Cay, offers a field side that differs from the comparison analogues in sediment composition, energy flux, and Holocene development. Little Ambergris Cay is unusual in that it formed during a period of sea level rise (Figure 2, Toscano & Macintyre, 2003), and thus presents an opportunity for research on how modern carbonate platform environments accumulate through time. This paper presents an argument for eastward direction of island accumulation of Little Ambergris Cay. Based on the research of Trower et al. (2018), Dravis & Wanless (2008), and Schlager (2003), I interpret that Little Ambergris Cay formed via eastward accumulation based on the influence of wind-wave current energy as means of supplying ample sediment to a zone of accumulation; in other words, in this system, sediment supply outpaces accommodation space. -
American Samoa)* Dawn J
Seafloor Mapping and GIS Coordination at America’s Remotest National Marine Sanctuary (American Samoa)* Dawn J. Wright Department of Geosciences Oregon State University Corvallis, Oregon, USA Brian T. Donahue and David F. Naar Center for Coastal Ocean Mapping University of South Florida St. Petersburg, Florida, USA Abstract Currently there are thirteen sites in the U.S. National Marine Sanctuary System that protect over 18,000 square miles of American coastal waters. Coral reefs are a particular concern at several of these sites, as reefs are now recognized as being among the most diverse and valuable ecosystems on Earth, as well as the most endangered. The smallest, remotest, and least explored site is the Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary (FBNMS) in American Samoa, the only true tropical coral reef in the sanctuary system. Until recently it was largely unexplored below depths of ~30 m, with no comprehensive documentation of the plants, animals, and submarine topography. Indeed, virtually nothing is known of shelf-edge (50-120 m deep) coral reef habitats throughout the world, and no inventory of benthic-associated species exists. This chapter presents the results of: (1) recent multibeam bathymetric surveys in April-May, 2001, to obtain complete topographic coverage of the deepest parts of FBNMS, as well as other sites around the island of Tutuila; and (2) efforts to integrate these and other baseline data into a GIS to facilitate future management decisions and research directions within the sanctuary. Introduction In 1972, amidst rising coastal development, pollution, and marine species nearing extinction, the National Marine Sanctuary System was created to protect ecological, historical, and aesthetic resources within vital areas of U.S. -
REUNION2013 Tricontinental Scientific Meeting on Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine
REUNION2013 Tricontinental Scientific Meeting on Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Organised by EUBS, SPUMS, SAUHMA and ARESUB www.reunion2013.org Tamarun Conference Centre, La Saline‐les‐Bains St.Gilles, Reunion Island, Indian Ocean September 22–29, 2013 Organising Committee Scientific Committee Drs JJ Brandt Corstius, The Netherlands Assoc Prof M Bennett, Australia (Scott Haldane Foundation) Prof C Balestra, Belgium Dr J‐D Harms, La Réunion (ARESUB) Prof A Brubakk, Norway Dr P Germonpré, Belgium (EUBS) Dr C D’Andrea, La Réunion Dr K Richardson, Australia (SPUMS) Assoc Prof M Davis, New Zealand Dr J Rosenthal, South Africa (SAUHMA) Prof J Meintjes, South Africa Dr M Sayer, United Kingdom TIME Sunday 22nd Monday 23rd Tuesday 24th Wednesday 25th Conference Diving Other Conference Diving Other Conference Other Conference Diving Other 08:00 to 08:30 Registration Registration 08:30 to 08:40 2 dives 2 dives Opening ceremony 2 dives 08:40 to 09:00 (package) (package) IDAN Meeting Richard Fitzpatrick open all morning (package) 09:00 to 09:20 DAN (Private) 09:20 to 09:40 Port of HIRA Meeting Port of Session 1 Port of IDAN Meeting 09:40 to 10:00 St.Gilles (Private) St.Gilles Diving Medicine St.Gilles (Private) 10:00 to 10:20 10:20 to 10:40 COFFEE - TEA (until 15:20) 10:40 to 11:00 COFFEE - TEA Session 2 11:00 to 11:20 Hyperbaric Conference 11:20 to 11:40 Oxygen Therapy 11:40 to 12:00 12:00 to 12:20 12:20 to 13:00 LUNCH 13:00 to 13:30 13:30 to 14:00 Jacek Kot 14:00 to 14:20 ARESUB Session 3 EDTC Medical 14:20 to 14:40 Scientific IDAN Meeting Diving