DOCSLIB.ORG

THYROID SURGERY Editors: Wen Tian, MD; Emad Kandil, MD, FACS, FACE THYROID SURGERY

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
THYROID SURGERY Editors: Wen Tian, MD; Emad Kandil, MD, FACS, FACE THYROID SURGERY THYROID SURGERY Editors: Wen Tian, MD; Emad Kandil, MD, FACS, FACE MD; Emad Kandil, MD, FACS, Tian, Editors: Wen SURGERY THYROID Editors: Wen Tian, MD; Emad Kandil, MD, FACS, FACE Associate Editors: Hui Sun, MD; Jingqiang Zhu, MD; Liguo Tian, MD; www.amegroups.com Ping Wang, MD; Kewei Jiang, MD; Xinying Li, MD, PhD www.amegroups.com AME Publishing Company Room 604 6/F Hollywood Center, 77-91 Queen’s road, Sheung Wan, Hong Kong Information on this title: www.amepc.org For more information, contact [email protected] Copyright © AME Publishing Company. All rights reserved. This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of AME Publishing Company. First published 2015 Printed in China by AME Publishing Company Wen Tian; Emad Kandil Thyroid Surgery ISBN: 978-988-14027-4-5 Hardback AME Publishing Company has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. The advice and opinions expressed in this book are solely those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views or practices of AME Publishing Company. No representations are made by AME Publishing Company about the suitability of the information contained in this book, and there is no consent, endorsement or recommendation provided by AME Publishing Company, express or implied, with regard to its contents. Foreword Thyroid disease is one common and frequently occurring disease, which is very harmful to human health. Thyroid cancer is one of the most common endocrine malignancies, and also one of the few malignancies with ascending occurrence rates. Rapid development of economy in recent years has advanced the progress of medical technology, making more and more novel technologies widely applied. The treatments for thyroid disease have been also constantly updated and improved, of which surgery plays a quite significant role. Over the last decade there has been a rapid expansion in the number of different surgical approaches available to patients undergoing thyroid/parathyroid surgery. These articles from the book Thyroid Surgery were written by the world known experts in the field of thyroid surgery. Specially, multiple articles are covering the range of most widely adopted remote access techniques and minimally invasive procedures. Several related procedures are also discussed, including robotic lateral neck dissection. This book does not contain that definitive data that well establish the role of Thyroid Surgery in the very field, while providing readers with the up-to-date knowledge and advanced techniques in the area of thyroid surgery, adding the precious experience of experts across the world. From the advance of the basic research of thyroid disease to the spectacular progress of thyroid surgery, from neck dissection in differentiated thyroid carcinoma to video-assisted and robotic-assisted thyroid/ parathyroid surgery, the book will show readers a vivid picture of the recent progress of thyroid surgery. I’m of great honor to be invited to write this preface for this fantastic new book on thyroid surgery and here would like to congratulate the editors, Profs. Tian and Kandil, as well as the authors on the success of this forthcoming book. I believe this comprehensive collection of articles will be a valuable resource for all thyroid related practitioners, medical personals and scientists who devote their professions to science and patients. I also wish that readers could always find an article of your interest from this book. Rong Li, MD Professor, Department of General Surgery General Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) Beijing 100853, China. © AME Publishing Company. All rights reserved. www.amegroups.com Foreword The last few decades have witnessed a continuous increase in the incidences of thyroid nodule and thyroid cancer. For instance, an estimated 62,450 new cases of thyroid cancer will be diagnosed in the United States in 2015, accounting for 3.8% of all the new tumor cases. Fortunately, the development and applications of new technology and diagnostic/therapeutic approaches have dramatically promoted the basic research and surgical procedures for thyroid cancer. Many novel thyroid surgeries (e.g. video-assisted surgeries and robotic surgeries) have emerged, and an increasing number of patients have received such surgeries in more hospitals. However, neck lymph node dissection for differentiated thyroid cancer remains a controversial procedure in terms of prophylactic central neck dissection, range of lateral neck dissection, and use of molecular markers (e.g. BRAF) for guiding dissection. Thus, a thorough understanding and awareness of these controversial issues will be helpful to inform the clinicians to develop the optimal treatment protocol and thus benefit the patients. This new book, Thyroid Surgery, delivers the latest findings on thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer. Contributed by many top international experts, the book details the most debatable issues in this field. It is intended to update the knowledge and skills of thyroid surgery for physicians from departments of thyroid surgery, endocrine, nuclear medicine, and pathology. We hope our readers will find this book interesting and informative. Lin Chen, MD Professor & Director, Department of General Surgery General Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) Beijing 100853, China. © AME Publishing Company. All rights reserved. www.amegroups.com Preface We are very pleased to announce the launch of the book Thyroid Surgery, with the collective effort from the eminent thyroid experts around the world. Since its first introduction, thyroid Surgery has developed for more than 100 years. Particularly in the past few decades, the technique of thyroid surgery becomes more and more matured and refined. It is inspiring to witness thyroid Surgery has become the main treatment for thyroid cancer. However, limited by current understanding and evidence, thyroid Surgery still faces quite a lot of challenges. For example, it remains controversial regarding how to avoid the potential damage of recurrent laryngeal nerve during surgery and what is the indication for Subtotal thyroidectomy and total thyroidectomy. It is time for us to take a retrospective journey on thyroid Surgery with an outlook on its future. Keeping that in mind, the book on thyroid cancer aims to be an operative manual and reference in clinical practice. Instead of only focusing on thyroid surgery and being didactic and pedantic, the book gives an overview on current evidence and the state-of-art in thyroid surgery with case presentation. From basic Research of thyroid tumors to efficacy analysis of different surgical treatment, the book will also facilitate the translation from basic research to clinical practice. We believe this textbook will set a basis for future consensus and guideline in thyroid surgery. Finally our sincere thanks go to all the authors for their valuable input that makes this collective work possible. Wen Tian, MD Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing 100853, China Emad Kandil, MD, FACS, FACE Edward G. Schlieder Chair in Surgical Oncology, Chief of Endocrine Surgery Section, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA © AME Publishing Company. All rights reserved. www.amegroups.com Thyroid Surgery (FIRST EDITION) EDITORS AUTHORS Wen Tian, MD Yari Yuritzi Aguilera-Molina Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of the Department of Surgery, Complejo Asistencial Universitario People’s Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing 100853, China de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain Emad Kandil, MD, FACS, FACE Patrick Aidan Edward G. Schlieder Chair in Surgical Oncology, Chief of Department of ENT Head and Neck Surgery, The Endocrine Surgery Section, Tulane University School of American Hospital, Paris, France Medicine, New Orleans, USA Zaid Al-Qurayshi Division of Endocrine and Oncological Surgery, ASSOCIATE EDITORS Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA Hui Sun, MD Department of Thyroid Surgery, China-Japan Union Stefano Amendola Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China Section of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Ospedale Israelitico, Rome, Italy Jingqiang Zhu, MD Department of Thyroid & Breast Surgery, West China Daniel April Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China Division of Endocrine and Oncological Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Liguo Tian, MD Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA Editorial office, Chinese Journal of Practical Surgery, Shenyang 110001, China Rizwan Aslam Department of Otolaryngology, Tulane University School Ping Wang, MD of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China Marcin Barczyński Department of Endocrine Surgery, Third Chair of General Kewei Jiang, MD Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, People’s Hospital Poland; of Peking University, Beijing 100044, China Parisha Bhatia Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of ASSISTANT EDITOR Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA Xinying Li, MD, PhD Steven R. Bomeli Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Managing Arm Lymphedema After Breast Cancer Video Transcript.Pdf
    Transcript for Managing Lymphedema after Breast Cancer video Slide 1 ● Welcome to this presentation of “Lymphedema After Breast Cancer Surgery.” The goal of this presentation is to discuss lymphedema after breast cancer treatment, including risk factors and approaches to prevention and treatment. This presentation is part of the University of California San Francisco lymphedema prevention program. Slide 2 ● While most of us know that our cardiovascular system pumps blood through our body and provides oxygen and nutrients to cells and tissues, the lymphatic system is less well understood. But the lymphatic system serves very important functions. ● The lymphatic system removes excess fluid, microorganisms, and toxins from tissue spaces, and after the fluid has been filtered by the lymph nodes, returns this excess tissue fluid back into the circulatory system. In addition to this important role in fluid regulation, the lymphatic system also plays an important role in immune function, through the lymph nodes which filter foreign particles and cancer cells, and by producing immune cells - including antibodies. Another important function of the lymphatic system is absorption of fats from the gastrointestinal tract. Slide 3 ● Lymph originates from plasma, which is the liquid part of our blood. Our blood moves through our arteries (seen in red in the image on the left) and then into the capillary beds. Here, some of the plasma moves out of the blood capillaries into the surrounding tissues. This tissue fluid (called interstitial fluid) bathes the cells that make up the surrounding tissues, and carries nutrients, oxygen, and hormones to these cells. Cellular waste products and proteins leave the cells and also enter this interstitial fluid.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolving Cardiac Lymphatic Vasculature in Development, Repair and Regeneration
    REVIEWS The evolving cardiac lymphatic vasculature in development, repair and regeneration Konstantinos Klaourakis 1,2, Joaquim M. Vieira 1,2,3 ✉ and Paul R. Riley 1,2,3 ✉ Abstract | The lymphatic vasculature has an essential role in maintaining normal fluid balance in tissues and modulating the inflammatory response to injury or pathogens. Disruption of normal development or function of lymphatic vessels can have severe consequences. In the heart, reduced lymphatic function can lead to myocardial oedema and persistent inflammation. Macrophages, which are phagocytic cells of the innate immune system, contribute to cardiac development and to fibrotic repair and regeneration of cardiac tissue after myocardial infarction. In this Review, we discuss the cardiac lymphatic vasculature with a focus on developments over the past 5 years arising from the study of mammalian and zebrafish model organisms. In addition, we examine the interplay between the cardiac lymphatics and macrophages during fibrotic repair and regeneration after myocardial infarction. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting the cardiac lymphatic network to regulate immune cell content and alleviate inflammation in patients with ischaemic heart disease. The circulatory system of vertebrates is composed of two after MI. In this Review, we summarize the current complementary vasculatures, the blood and lymphatic knowledge on the development, structure and function vascular systems1. The blood vasculature is a closed sys- of the cardiac lymphatic vasculature, with an emphasis tem responsible for transporting gases, fluids, nutrients, on breakthroughs over the past 5 years in the study of metabolites and cells to the tissues2. This extravasation of cardiac lymphatic heterogeneity in mice and zebrafish.
    [Show full text]
  • Human Anatomy As Related to Tumor Formation Book Four
    SEER Program Self Instructional Manual for Cancer Registrars Human Anatomy as Related to Tumor Formation Book Four Second Edition U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service National Institutesof Health SEER PROGRAM SELF-INSTRUCTIONAL MANUAL FOR CANCER REGISTRARS Book 4 - Human Anatomy as Related to Tumor Formation Second Edition Prepared by: SEER Program Cancer Statistics Branch National Cancer Institute Editor in Chief: Evelyn M. Shambaugh, M.A., CTR Cancer Statistics Branch National Cancer Institute Assisted by Self-Instructional Manual Committee: Dr. Robert F. Ryan, Emeritus Professor of Surgery Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans, Louisiana Mildred A. Weiss Los Angeles, California Mary A. Kruse Bethesda, Maryland Jean Cicero, ART, CTR Health Data Systems Professional Services Riverdale, Maryland Pat Kenny Medical Illustrator for Division of Research Services National Institutes of Health CONTENTS BOOK 4: HUMAN ANATOMY AS RELATED TO TUMOR FORMATION Page Section A--Objectives and Content of Book 4 ............................... 1 Section B--Terms Used to Indicate Body Location and Position .................. 5 Section C--The Integumentary System ..................................... 19 Section D--The Lymphatic System ....................................... 51 Section E--The Cardiovascular System ..................................... 97 Section F--The Respiratory System ....................................... 129 Section G--The Digestive System ......................................... 163 Section
    [Show full text]
  • 09A66039ef10065df1358b5e10d
    THE MEDICAL BULLETIN OF SISLI ETFAL HOSPITAL DOI: 10.14744/SEMB.2018.14227 Med Bull Sisli Etfal Hosp 2018;52(3):149–163 Review Standards and Definitions in Neck Dissections of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Mehmet Uludağ,1 Mert Tanal,1 Adnan İşgör,2,3 1Department of General Surgery, Istanbul Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Istanbul, Turkey 2Department of General Surgery, Bahcesehir University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey 3Department of General Surgery, Sisli Memorial Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey Abstract Papillary and follicular thyroid carcinomas arising from the follicular epithelial cells and forming differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) consist of >95% of thyroid cancers. Lymph node metastasis to the neck is common in DTC, especially in papillary thyroid cancer. The removal of only the metastatic lymph nodes (berry picking) does not help to achieve a potential positive contribution to the survival and recurrence of lymph node dissection in the DTC. Thus, systematic dissection of the cervical lymph nodes is needed. Today, according to the widely accepted and commonly used definitions and lymph node staging, the deep lymph nodes of the lateral side of the neck are divided into five regions. Based on the fact that some groups have biologically independent regions, Groups I, II, and V are divided into the A and B subgroups. The central region lymph nodes contain VI and VII region lymph nodes, which consist of the prelaryngeal, pretracheal, and right and left paratracheal lymph node groups. Radical neck dissection (RND) is accepted as the standard basic procedure in defining neck dissections. In this method, in addition to all the regions of the Groups I–V lymph nodes at one side, the ipsilateral spinal accessory nerve, internal jugular vein, and ster- nocleidomastoid muscle are removed.
    [Show full text]
  • Anatomy and Physiology in Relation to Compression of the Upper Limb and Thorax
    Clinical REVIEW anatomy and physiology in relation to compression of the upper limb and thorax Colin Carati, Bren Gannon, Neil Piller An understanding of arterial, venous and lymphatic flow in the upper body in normal limbs and those at risk of, or with lymphoedema will greatly improve patient outcomes. However, there is much we do not know in this area, including the effects of compression upon lymphatic flow and drainage. Imaging and measuring capabilities are improving in this respect, but are often expensive and time-consuming. This, coupled with the unknown effects of individual, diurnal and seasonal variances on compression efficacy, means that future research should focus upon ways to monitor the pressure delivered by a garment, and its effects upon the fluids we are trying to control. More is known about the possible This paper will describe the vascular Key words effects of compression on the anatomy of the upper limb and axilla, pathophysiology of lymphoedema when and will outline current understanding of Anatomy used on the lower limbs (Partsch and normal and abnormal lymph drainage. It Physiology Junger, 2006). While some of these will also explain the mechanism of action Lymphatics principles can be applied to guide the use of compression garments and will detail Compression of compression on the upper body, it is the effects of compression on fluid important that the practitioner is movement. knowledgeable about the anatomy and physiology of the upper limb, axilla and Vascular drainage of the upper limb thorax, and of the anatomical and vascular It is helpful to have an understanding of Little evidence exists to support the differences that exist between the upper the vascular drainage of the upper limb, use of compression garments in the and lower limb, so that the effects of these since the lymphatic drainage follows a treatment of lymphoedema, particularly differences can be considered when using similar course (Figure 1).
    [Show full text]
  • American Thyroid Association Statement on Preoperative Imaging for Thyroid Cancer Surgery
    THYROID STATEMENT Volume X, Number X, 2014 ª Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., and the American Thyroid Association DOI: 10.1089/thy.2014.0096 American Thyroid Association Statement on Preoperative Imaging for Thyroid Cancer Surgery Michael W. Yeh,1 Andrew J. Bauer,2 Victor A. Bernet,3 Robert L. Ferris,4 Laurie A. Loevner,5 Susan J. Mandel,5 Lisa A. Orloff,6,* Gregory W. Randolph,7 and David L. Steward8 for the American Thyroid Association Surgical Affairs Committee Writing Task Force Background: The success of surgery for thyroid cancer hinges on thorough and accurate preoperative imaging, which enables complete clearance of the primary tumor and affected lymph node compartments. This working group was charged by the Surgical Affairs Committee of the American Thyroid Association to examine the available literature and to review the most appropriate imaging studies for the planning of initial and revision surgery for thyroid cancer. Summary: Ultrasound remains the most important imaging modality in the evaluation of thyroid cancer, and should be used routinely to assess both the primary tumor and all associated cervical lymph node basins preoperatively. Positive lymph nodes may be distinguished from normal nodes based upon size, shape, echo- genicity, hypervascularity, loss of hilar architecture, and the presence of calcifications. Ultrasound-guided fine- needle aspiration of suspicious lymph nodes may be useful in guiding the extent of surgery. Cross-sectional imaging (computed tomography with contrast or magnetic resonance imaging) may be considered in select circumstances to better characterize tumor invasion and bulky, inferiorly located, or posteriorly located lymph nodes, or when ultrasound expertise is not available.
    [Show full text]
  • 20 Neck Swellings
    20 Neck Swellings Introduction –yPretracheal fascia: It extends in front of the trachea and is attached superiorly to hyoid, and below, it extends In general, the swellings in the neck are skin and soft tissue into the superior mediastinum and merges with the swellings, and specifically, these are from lymph nodes pericardium. y (which are almost half the number of the total lymph nodes – Prevertebral fascia: It extends behind the oesophagus in the body) and embryological vestiges, apart from thyroid and in front of the prevertebral muscles. It is attached swellings. In this chapter, general features and classification superiorly to the base of the skull and extends inferi- of neck swellings have been discussed (excluding thyroid). orly into the posterior mediastinum. The pretracheal fascia and prevertebral fascia join laterally with the general investing deep layer and forms carotid sheath. Between these two fasciae, lie the thyroid gland, Anatomy larynx, trachea, and oesophagus, and so, it is called visceral compartment of the neck. The neck consists of anterior (visceral) and posterior (mus- cular) compartments, separated by extensions of deep fascia Triangles of the Neck of neck, with neurovascular structures on either side of these compartments, which connect the brain and rest of the body. The two key muscles of the neck, sternocleidomastoid and trapezius, divide the neck into triangles of neck for conveni- Fascia of the Neck ence of anatomical location of the swellings (Fig. 20.2). The important anatomical structure in the neck is the deep fascia, which divides the neck into compartments that limit Sternocleid­ General investing layer the spread of infections and, to some extent, neoplasms omastoid (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Harmonic Focus in Total Thyroidectomy Plus Level III-IV And
    He et al. World Journal of Surgical Oncology 2011, 9:141 http://www.wjso.com/content/9/1/141 WORLD JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY TECHNICAL INNOVATIONS Open Access Harmonic focus in total thyroidectomy plus level III-IV and VI dissection: a prospective randomized study Qingqing He*, Dayong Zhuang, Luming Zheng, Peng Zhou, Jixin Chai and Zhen Lv Abstract The aim of this study was to compare operating time, postoperative outcomes, and surgical complications of total thyroidectomy plus level III-IV and VI dissection between the no-tie technique using the Harmonic Focus and classic suture ligation for hemostasis. Fifty-four patients underwent total thyroidectomy plus level III-IV and VI dissection by classic suture ligation and 51 patients by the Harmonic Focus. There was obvious distinction as to the operating time between the Focus and classic group (102.8 and 150.1 minutes, respectively, P < 0.05). Drainage volume (202.7 ± 187.0 mL vs 299.7 ± 201.4 mL, P < 0.05) were significantly lower in the Focus group. Transient hypoparathyroidism had no statistically significant difference between the groups (17.6% vs 18.5%, P > 0 .05). No patient experienced nerve injury or permanent hypocalcemia. The use of Harmonic Focus for the control of thyroid vessels during thyroid surgery is reliable and safe. The device can offer extraordinary capabilities for delicate tissue grasping and dissection. Keywords: papillary thyroid microcarcinoma, thyroid surgery, Harmonic Focus, total thyroidectomy, haemostasis Background The aim of this prospective study was to assess the In early reports, the harmonic scalpel demonstrated operating time, overall drainage volume, and surgical some advantages over conventional techniques, particu- complications such as hypocalcemia, laryngeal nerve larly in terms of operating time and intraoperative palsy in thyroid surgery with the use of the Harmonic bleeding.
    [Show full text]
  • Prediction of Ipsilateral and Contralateral Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis in Unilateral Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
    The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine (January 2019) Vol. 74 (2), Page 277-283 Prediction of Ipsilateral and Contralateral Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis in Unilateral Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma El Sayed R. Ahmed*, Said H. Bendary, Mohamed Esmat, Ibrahim M. Hasan, Mohamed F. Abd Elmoaty, Mohamed R. Abd Elhamid Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University *Corresponding author: El Sayed R. Ahmed, Email: [email protected] Abstract Background: Surgical therapy is the cornerstone of treatment in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Surgical therapy in PTC includes hemithyroidectomy or total thyroidectomy (TT) and, in cases of lymph node metastases, cervical lymph node dissection (CLND). The inclusion of prophylactic central compartment neck dissection (pCCND) as a new approach in the management of patients with PTC with clinically negative cervical lymph nodes raised controversies among the endocrine surgeons and predictive factors for central lymph node (CLN) metastasis in unilateral PTC cases not well defined. Objectives: To investigate the risk factors associated with CLNM in clinical lateral cervical lymph node-negative (cN0) and analyze the rate of ipsilateral and contralateral CLN metastasis in unilateral PTC cases in Al Azhar University Hospitals in the period from May 2016 till June 2018. Patients and Methods: A prospective case-control descriptive study was performed to investigate the research questions during the period from the 1st of May 2016 till the end of June 2018 in Al-Azhar University Hospitals. A total of 04 selected patients suffering from papillary thyroid with clinically negative cervical lymph nodes who have received total thyroidectomy with bilateral CLND. The clinicopathological features of PTC patients with respect to sex, age, observation, tumor diameter, multifocality, extrathyroidal invasion, lymphovascular invasion and capsular invasion.The risk factors of CLNM were analyzed by Chi-squared test and multivariate logistic regression model.
    [Show full text]
  • Risk Thyroid Cancer: Li’S Six-Step Method
    1766 Surgical Technique Gasless transaxillary endoscopic thyroidectomy for unilateral low- risk thyroid cancer: Li’s six-step method Yuqiu Zhou1#, Yongcong Cai1#, Ronghao Sun1, Chunyan Shui1, Yudong Ning1, Jian Jiang1, Wei Wang1, Jianfeng Sheng2, Zhenhua Jiang3, Zhengqi Tang4, Wen Tian5, Chuanming Zheng6, Minghua Ge6, Chao Li1 1Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Sichuan Cancer Institute, Sichuan Cancer Prevention and Treatment Center, Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology School of Medicine, Chengdu, China; 2Department of Thyroid, Head, Neck and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, China; 3Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Central Hospital of Mianyang City, Mianyang, China; 4Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zigong Third People’s Hospital, Zigong, China; 5Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; 6Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Center of Otolaryngology-head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China #These authors contributed equally to this work. Correspondence to: Chao Li. Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Sichuan Cancer Institute, Sichuan Cancer Prevention and Treatment Center, Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology School of Medicine, Chengdu 610041, China. Email: [email protected]. Abstract: The past decade has witnessed rapid advances in gasless transaxillary endoscopic thyroidectomy (GTET) for thyroid cancer, which has become a reliable procedure with good therapeutic effectiveness, aesthetic benefits, and safety. This procedure has been widely promoted in some Asian countries; however, few studies have described the specific surgical steps for unilateral low-risk thyroid cancer.
    [Show full text]
  • Radionuclide Metabolic Therapy Clinical Aspects, Dosimetry and Imaging
    EANM® Eu ne rope edici an Association of Nuclear M Publications · Brochures Radionuclide Metabolic Therapy Clinical Aspects, Dosimetry and Imaging A Technologist’s Guide Produced with the kind Support of Editors Peștean, Claudiu (Cluj – Napoca) Veloso Jéronimo, Vanessa (Loures) Hogg, Peter (Manchester) Contributors Berhane Menghis, Ruth (Liverpool) Mayes, Christopher (Liverpool) Bodet-Milin, Caroline (Nantes) Pallardy, Amandine (Nantes) Chiti, Arturo (Milan) Peștean, Claudiu (Cluj – Napoca) Cutler, Cathy S. (Missouri) Piciu, Doina (Cluj – Napoca) do Rosário Vieira, Maria (Lisbon) Rauscher, Aurore (Nantes) Faivre-Chauvet, Alain (Nantes) Silva, Nadine (Lisbon) Flux, Glenn (Sutton, Surrey) Sjögreen Gleisner, Katarina (Lund) Gorgan, Ana (Cluj – Napoca) Strigari, Lidia (Rome) Kraeber-Bodéré, Françoise (Nantes) Szczepura, Katy (Manchester) Larg, Maria Iulia (Cluj – Napoca) Testanera, Giorgio (Milan) Lowry, Brian A. (Liverpool) Vinjamuri, Sobhan (Liverpool) Lupu, Nicoleta (Cluj – Napoca) Williams, Jessica (Philadelphia) Mantel, Eleanor S. (Philadelphia) Contents Foreword 5 Introduction 6 Claudiu Peştean, Vanessa Veloso Jerónimo and Peter Hogg Acronyms 7 Section I 1. Principles in Radionuclide Therapy (*) 9 Eleanor S. Mantel and Jessica Williams 2. Biological Efects of Ionising Radiation 18 Katy Szczepura 3. Dosimetry in Molecular Radiotherapy 29 Katarina Sjögreen Gleisner, Lidia Strigari, Glenn Flux 4. Special Considerations in Radiation Protection: Minimising Exposure of Patients, Staf and Members of the Public 41 Claudiu Peştean and Maria Iulia Larg EANM Section II Preamble on a Multiprofessional Approach in Radionuclide Metabolic Therapy 54 Giorgio Testanera and Arturo Chiti 1. Radionuclide Therapy in Thyroid Carcinoma 61 Doina Piciu 2. Radionuclide Therapy in Benign Thyroid Disease 77 Doina Piciu 3. Radionuclide Therapy in Neuroendocrine Tumours 81 Ruth Berhane Menghis, Brian A. Lowry, Christopher Mayes and Sobhan Vinjamuri 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Sheri B.Feldscher OT, CHT 3/9/2015 1
    Sheri B.Feldscher OT, CHT 3/9/2015 EDEMA MANAGEMENT Anatomy and Physiology Sheri B. Feldscher OT, CHT Lymphatic System Functions of Lymphatic System . Scavenger system . Immune function Removes excess fluid, debris, By protecting the body from and other materials from the disease and infection tissue spaces Via production, maintenance, and . Alternate pathway to the distribution of lymphocytes heart . Responsible for returning proteins that have For substances too large to be accumulated in the interstitial disposed of through the venous system spaces back into the venous system https://www.studyblue.co www.dynamicwellnesssolution . Restoring balance m/notes/note/n/lymphatic‐ s.org/lymphsystem.html system/deck/5249093 Fluid Transport Through Blood Capillaries Definitions . Net capillary filtration pressure is the balance of pressure between: . Lymph Fluid collected from Capillary (hydrostatic) pressure tissues Moves fluid from capillary outward through the membrane Flows via lymphatic Pressure is greater at arterial than venous end vessels through lymph Results in fluid filtering out at arterial end and being reabsorbed at nodes and drains into the venous end of blood capillaries venous system Interstitial fluid pressure Forces fluid inward through the capillary membrane when (+) and . Interstitium outward when (‐) Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure The spaces between cells Pressure created by dissolved proteins causing osmosis of fluid Interstitial fluid is the fluid http://thessgiatro.gr/index.php/topics/scie If high will cause osmosis of fluid outward through the membrane between cells derived by ntific‐article/item/1885‐ filtration from the Plasma colloid osmotic pressure capillaries Pressure created by dissolved proteins causing osmosis of fluid Draws fluid inward through the membrane 1 Sheri B.Feldscher OT, CHT 3/9/2015 Fluid Transport Through Blood Capillaries Mechanism of Edema After injury the inflammatory response changes the permeability of the microvessels .
    [Show full text]