ANNUAL REPORT 2017 2 | ANNUAL REPORT 2017
FROM THE DIRECTOR 4
EXCERPT FROM THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS’ REPORT 2017 5
EDUCATIONAL QUALITY 10
STATISTICS 11
PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT 2017 12
BALANCE SHEET 31.12.2017 13
ARCTIC BIOLOGY 14
ARCTIC GEOLOGY 20
ARCTIC GEOPHYSICS 26
ARCTIC TECHNOLOGY 32
STUDENT COUNCIL 38
SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS 2017 42
GUEST LECTURERS 2017 50
Front page | May 2017: AT-331/831 Arctic Environmental Pollution fieldwork in Mohnbukta, on the east coast of Spitsbergen. Photo: Richard Hann/UNIS. Editor | Eva Therese Jenssen/UNIS. ANNUAL REPORT 2017 | 3
NY-ÅLESUND
LONGYEARBYEN
BARENTSBURG SVEA
HORNSUND
SVALBARD
Front page | May 2017: AT-331/831 Arctic Environmental Pollution fieldwork in Mohnbukta, on the east coast of Spitsbergen. Photo: Richard Hann/UNIS. Photo: Aleksey Shestov/UNIS. Editor | Eva Therese Jenssen/UNIS. 4 | ANNUAL REPORT 2017
FROM THE DIRECTOR
UNIS continued to experience growth in 2017. In all, 794 students from 45 nations attended courses and 59 master’s students worked on their theses. This equates During the year, UNIS was very involved in the process to 222.5 student-labour years, which is a new record. of preparing the basis for the government’s strategy Consequently, publicfor research in the andspring higher of 2 018.education Furthermore, in Svalbard. the Board The of 50% of the Directorsgovernment at UNISis expected has initiated to make a newthe new strategic strategy process students came 2017from wasprogrammes the first year of study we achieved at Norwegian the for the institution. The background for this decision are target of 220 student-labour years. Moreover, publicuniversities defences (Norwegian were held. degree In 2017, students). UNIS registered There were 153 picture.the major The transformations strategic work taking will be place concluded in and in around 2018. publications31 post docs inand authorized PhD candidates publication at UNIS channels in 2017 and and peer- five Longyearbyen and what role UNIS shall have in this UNIS shall be a resource for the local communities reviewed journals. toin Svalbard.young people As an from education many countries institution, and, UNIS in so offers doing, It was a demanding year from a financial perspective, contributesresearch-based to securing and field-based the recruitment teaching of at competent a high level but we managed to turn a negative trend from the labour for research, administration and business previous two years of significant deficits into a small qualitysurplus ofin the2017. academic This was production. achieved through strict cost ledsaving to lagging measures behind without when having it comes a negative to maintenance effect on and the development in and for Arctic regions. Staff at UNIS are However, this has important resources when it comes to evaluating the avalanche risk in and around Longyearbyen, as well theinvestment foreseeable in construction future. The measuresand working implemented capital, which were Marathon,as making aetc. major UNIS contribution will continue to tolocal take events such taskssuch as followedmeans the loyally demanding by the financialentire organisation. situation will continue in seriouslyPolarjazz, in the the Svalbard years ahead. Seminars and the Svalbard Ski
An increasing number of students combined with a limited capacity of student housing has created major challenges for the organisation. However, it is extremely positive that the Arctic Student WelfareA Organisation coordinated has gained access to land for a major new student housing buildingconstruction application. project inThe Longyearbyen. goal is that UNIS will no longer effort is underway concerning the subdivisionNybyen. work and have students living in avalanche prone
There was a high level of activity on the research front in independent2017. Svalbard organisation, Integrated Arcticand the Earth Arctic Observing Safety Centre System (SIOS) was by year-end in the process of becoming an has developed in accordance with the milestone plan in terms of both costs and progress. Moreover, UNIS is Researchinvolved in Council The Nansen of Norway Legacy, in 2017. which The underwent panel agreed an on evaluation by a scientific panel under the auspices of the Photo: Eirik Berger a very strong overall assessment.
Managing director Harald Ellingsen ANNUAL REPORT 2017 | 5
EXCERPT FROM THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS’ REPORT 2017
February 2017: UNIS and the Svalbard Science Centre. Photo: Hanne H. Christiansen/UNIS.
The annual accounts for 2015 and 2016 showed established as a state-owned limited corporation on 29 The University Centre in Svalbard AS (UNIS) was foundation established in 1994 by the Norwegian hassignificant characterized deficits. operations This has necessitated in 2017. The more measures November 2002. This company replaced the original implementedstringent budgeting were followed and financial loyally management, by the entire which organisation, which resulted in an operating surplus in University of Science and Technology (NTNU), the 2017. hadUniversity an identical of Bergen collaboration (UiB), University agreement of Oslo with (UiO) the eight and University of Tromsø (UiT). Since 2011, UNIS AS has In 2017, the target of 220 student-labour years was universities on the Norwegian mainland. The enterprise’s There is a positive trend in student production at UNIS. objective is to provide tuition and engage in research of high international quality based on Svalbard’s geographic internationalachieved for the programmes first time. Atof study.the same time, a balance location in the High Arctic and the special advantages was achieved between students from Norwegian and andthis formoffers. part The of educational the ordinary provision programmes shall actof study as a supplement to the tuition offered at the universities longerThe provision meets the of studentrequirements accommodation, during the whichmost intense is culminating in degrees at Bachelor, Master and PhD level. managed by the Arctic Student Welfare Organisation, no shallThe educational be a balance provision between shall Norwegian have an and international international students.profile, and all tuition shall be given in English. There seasons. Furthermore, the avalanche hazard report by the Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate (NVE) in December 2016 raises concern that the student housing in Nybyen is in an area prone to avalanches. The The University Centre in Svalbard AS (UNIS) is wholly Arctic Student Welfare Organisation is now working on owned by the Ministry of Education and Research. building new student housing in Longyearbyen and it is important for UNIS that this project is not delayed. 6 | ANNUAL REPORT 2017
is based on collaboration agreements from 2011 and produced in 2017, of which 199 student-labour years appurtenantCollaboration plans with ofthe action, Norwegian remains universities, a high priority. which As labour years”. A total of 222.5 student-labour years was and 23.5 student-labour years linked to presence by guestwere linkedmaster’s to creditsstudents. (ECTS) from completed courses semesterpart of this to collaboration, enable students UNIS to spendis working a full to semester develop or yearthe teaching at the institution. into educational The Board provisions of Directors that last has a high full In 2017, 794 students from 45 nations spent shorter or longer periods at UNIS. This included both course win-win situation for all parties. students and guest master’s students. 50% of the expectations for this process and believes it will be a students came from programmes of study at Norwegian All teaching at UNIS should be research-based, and UNIS wishes to strengthen its position as a strong increase of 5% from 2016. The remaining 50% came from international actor within in Arctic research. UNIS will universities (Norwegian degree students), which was an group which has increased most is foreign citizens admittedinternational to ordinary universities. programmes This indicates of study that at theNorwegian student continue its efforts in the research centres and major UNISresearch wishes projects to strengthen in which itthe participates externally andfunded seek to of the students were women, which is an increase of 5% componentparticipate inof itsnew research. research centres/projects. Moreover, universities. The gender distribution shows that 55%
UNIS.since 2016. UiT – The Arctic University of Norway is the and education in the Arctic, the institution is considering Norwegian university which sends the most students to While UNIS will maintain focus on high-quality research UNIS also wishes to take on a greater role in supporting developing new areas such as “Safety in the High Arctic”. The results from the final assessment of the courses has been above average, with B as the average grade. The ofthe 2018. local community. A pilot course on “Risk Assessment stable,failure UNISpercentage has experienced has been low an (1%).increase The in overall student- results of Arctic Natural Hazards” will be tested in the summer show that although the course provision has remained on courses and increased presence by guest master’s student.labour years; The number both higher of applicants percentages has ofincreased, places filled and the Work on the further development of UNIS is an ongoing process, which will continue in 2018. Work is underway organisation’sto strengthen thepotential administrative in Arctic research.apparatus for initiating RESEARCHresults of the AND final ACADEMIC assessment INITIATIVES are good. – and managing research activities to further realise the EXTERNAL FUNDING UNIS has ambitious goals for its research and
All available space at Svalbard Science Centre is fully establishing national and international centres. UNIS utilized. Several of the tenants require more space based participates in several major initiatives aimed at on their current level of activity, while some wish to high quality, contribute to the knowledge front on Arctic expand their activities. Furthermore, there is a strong wishes to safeguard a robust research environment of level of interest from many academic environments and both locally and nationally and support the research- moreinstitutions closely in with Norway the institutions and overseas present concerning here. In access to basedissues, teaching. generate Collaborationinnovations, business with strong development national 2017,offices UNIS and inlogistics collaboration facilities with to enable the other them tenants to cooperate and a document outlining the requirements for increased and international academic environments through key institutions in Longyearbyen, started to compile increaseparticipation efforts in researchto seek opportunities projects will tobe participate an important tool for the further development of the institution. To activity within an expanded Svalbard Science Centre. organisation in this area. in new projects, work is underway to strengthen the In 2017, UNIS was very involved in the process of ofpreparing Directors the anticipates basis for the that government’s this strategy strategy will be an for research and education in Svalbard. The Board The turnover for external activities at UNIS in 2017 institution in the years ahead. include:was more than NOK 37 million. This was spread over 51 important foundation for the further development of the registered projects. The key externally funded projects • was by year-end 2017 in the process of internationalIt is the Board centre of Directors’ for Arctic view studies. that UNIS has taken new becomingSvalbard Integrated an independent Arctic organisation. Earth Observing System steps towards achieving its overall goal of being a leading (SIOS) EDUCATION AND STUDENT STATISTICS • Arctic Safety Centre is in accordance with the milestone plan in terms of both costs and progress.
Our commission from the Ministry of Education and Research for 2017 was to “develop an educational provision that represents approximately 220 student- ANNUAL REPORT 2017 | 7
•
Bergen,The Birkeland underwent Centre a midway for Space assessment Science (a inCentre 2017 of and Excellence), which is managed by the University of
• achieved a very strong result.
SAMCoT: “Sustainable Arctic Marine and Coastal Technology” (Centre for Research-based Innovation), is entering its final full year of operation in 2018. The UNIS.project is managed from NTNU in Trondheim, with a work package (WP1) managed by and performed at • is part of an
theNorwegian Research Geo Council Test Site of Norway (NGTS) in which UNIS infrastructure project with financial support from
collaborates with SINTEF. The project is managed by September 2017: The Chinese Minister of Science and Technology, Dr. Wan Gang (centre), visits UNIS. Photo: Inger Lise Næss/UNIS. • the Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI).
The Nansen Legacy underwent an evaluation by a scientific panel under the auspices of the Research Council of Norway in 2017. The panel agreed on a very technical and administrative staff comprised 44 full-time • strong overall assessment with 6/A for all points. is equivalent work years.
bioCEED (Centre of Excellence in Biology Education) andWomen 55% accounted of the students. for 55% Six of of the the technical 11 members and of the evaluated by NOKUT’s expert committee. The project Boardadministrative of Directors positions, were women. 52% of Thethe academicBoard of Directors positions will be continued and financed for a further five-year is not aware of discrimination of any form at UNIS. DISSEMINATIONperiod (2019 – AND2023). VISITS ORGANISATIONAL AND STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT and international media. In 2017, there were nearly 300 mediaUNIS receives reports considerablein Norwegian attention and international in the Norwegian media transformation. A century of mining operations including The Telegraph, BBC, National Geographic and Longyearbyen and Svalbard are undergoing a major CNN. industrial society will soon be history. In time, many is about to end, meaning that Longyearbyen as an community. This coincides with the ongoing climate UNIS in 2017. These delegations included the Norwegian jobs will need to be replaced to secure the future family Inter-MinisterialAround 700 people Committee from Norway on the and Polar overseas Regions, visited challenges as well as opportunities. Consequently, the Boardand environmental of Directors has changes, initiated which a process are creating aimed major at Nordic Council of Ministers, the Italian Foreign Affairs the Danish Ministry of Education and Research, the has already been decided to strengthen the organisation Norwegian parliament and Norwegian MPs, ambassadors byachieving creating a reviseda new position overall responsiblestrategy for for UNIS the in initiation 2018. It andcommittee, the Chinese several Minister standing of Research, committees as wellfrom as the implemented in 2018. the US Congress and the British parliament. and follow-up of external activities at UNIS. This will be representatives from the Swedish national legislature, STAFF HOUSING AND STUDENT APARTMENTS At year-end UNIS owned a total of 53 housing units. UNIS leases UNIS Guest House for guest lecturers and Each winter UNIS, Norwegian Polar Institute and the Governor of Svalbard organise the Svalbard Seminars. remaining needs, UNIS rents 29 housing units for staff Each seminar evening in 2017 attracted around 100 guest researchers (52 studio apartments). To cover the people. The Svalbard Course and Studietur Nord, which Sciencewere held Centre during during the summer, which employees both received and studentspositive from various actors in Longyearbyen. displayedfeedback. Inresearch November, to interested an open day children was held and atadults. Svalbard UNIS has 21 housing units in areas prone to avalanches STAFF unclearand landslides. how many Measures of our housingto secure units the housethis will in Liainclude. As of 31 December 2017, the academic staff at UNIS against avalanches has begun. However, it remains comprised of 11 professors, 17 associate professors, three researchers, 12 post docs, 19 PhD candidates and 43 with studio apartments for students in 2017. These studio The Arctic Student Welfare Organisation had 208 adjunct professor/associate professor attachments. The apartments are in Nybyen and at Sjøskrenten (adjacent 8 | ANNUAL REPORT 2017
May 2017: UNIS director Harald Ellingsen and professor Henrik Skov from Aarhus University’s Villum Research Station in Greenland, signed a collaboration agreement during the first SVALGREEN workshop. Photo: Eva Therese Jenssen/UNIS.
HEALTH, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT (HSE) accommodation in Nybyen are in a landslide prone to UNIS). The landslide risk survey shows that student has high priority, and the safety of our students, staff Absence due to illness at UNIS in 2017 was 1.5%. HSE area. The Arctic Student Welfare Organisation has acquired land at Elvesletta and wants to move all and visitors is an overarching consideration for the application.student housing to Elvesletta. A coordinated effort is implementation of all activities at UNIS. We have special underway concerning the subdivision work and building focus on the safe implementation of fieldwork and cruise thanactivities 1,200 in people. Arctic areas. In 2017, more than 100 field safety courses of various duration were held for more aIt continuationis essential for of UNISthe good that cooperation the students with have the satisfactory Arctic During 2017, UNIS has had special focus on quality living conditions. The Board of Directors emphasizes assurance of passage at sea in small boats. Formal housing is realised as quickly as possible. Student Welfare Organisation to ensure new safe student SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY qualifications for boatmanship and routines for safe UNIS shall be a resource for the local communities in routinespassage haveand regulations.been key aspects of this. Moreover, efforts have taken place during the year to revise HSE-related
Svalbard. This applies to the staff, students and the knowledge we possess. The staff shall live and work in UNIS’ location in the High Arctic provides special Longyearbyen and contribute to the development of the responsibilitychallenges in the for entire the safety HSE ofspectrum. our students It is especially and staff ratherinstitution than and starting the community. their own clubs Everyone or societies. shall engage The important to take a proactive approach in our staffthemselves at UNIS in are the important community’s resources social andfor the cultural local life when travelling in the Svalbard nature. Quality assurance strictof the requirementsplanning and implementationfor work procedures of field-based and methods. community, including evaluating the avalanche risk in projects is implemented in a structured manner with and around Longyearbyen and assisting with local events UNIS cooperates closely with the local administration such as Polarjazz and the Svalbard Ski Marathon. We roleexpect for that UNIS. the downscaling of the mining activities in Svalbard will lead to an increased community building at the Office of the Governor of Svalbard and the Longyearbyen Community Council to find good solutions, ANNUAL REPORT 2017 | 9
January 2017: A signal flare is shot during the AS-101 Arctic Survival and Safety practical outdoor group exercise. Photo: Børge Damsgård/UNIS.
UNIS’ internal regulations are based on the formulation particularly in connection with UNIS’ activity in the field. operationIn the two andprevious balancing years the UNIS accounts had an and operating the annual deficit. In 2017, there has been major focus on achieving efficient of objectives from the Svalbard Environmental Protection Act, which states that in the event of conflict between accounts for 2017 show an operating surplus of NOK 1.1 the activity and the environment priority must be given andmillion. working However, capital, this which has led means to lagging the demanding behind when it to environmental considerations. UNIS is unaware comes to maintenance and investment in construction of contamination of the wider environment to any significant degree due to the company’s operations. UNIS BOARDfinancial OF situation DIRECTORS will continue AND ANNUAL in the coming GENERAL years. is working continually to limit the environmental impact MEETING ofECONOMIC its activities. DEVELOPMENT The Board of Directors held six meetings in 2017, including one by telephone conference and one andFunds Research. for operation In 2017 and appropriations investments at from UNIS the are Ministry appropriated in the budget of the Ministry of Education onLongyearbyen. 23 June 2017. A total of 71 items were officially discussed. The Annual General Meeting was held in Oslo totalled NOK 128,870,000, of which NOK 103 million TROMSØ, 14 MARCH 2018: constituted of base funding, NOK 1 million of investments in equipment and NOK 24.9 million rent/operation of the Svalbard Science Centre and the Kjell Henriksen Chair Berit Kjeldstad (NTNU); Deputy Chair Jarle Observatory (KHO). Nygard (University of Oslo); Morten Hald (University of Tromsø); Lise Øvreås (University of Bergen); Eva Falleth Income over and above the appropriations from the (Norwegian University of Life Sciences); Nina Frisak; Ministry is NOK 57.8 million, of which NOK 43.7 million is Arild Olsen (Longyearbyen Community Council); Pernille external research project income and NOK 14.1 million in Bronken Eidesen, Petter Sele and Eli Anne Ersdal (staff income from consultancy services and rentals. representatives). 10 | ANNUAL REPORT 2017
EDUCATIONAL QUALITY
BY ANE H. BJØRSVIK, HEAD OF DEPARTMENT OF ACADEMIC AFFAIRS
The qualityrevised systemUNIS quality is built assurance upon the systembasis of for the quality onand the is basededucation on findings quality inand student the educational evaluations, setting, input as educational activities was approved in February 2017. wellfrom as different student parts statistics. of UNIS which has direct influence systems at the Norwegian universities strategy and shall emphasizes secure high quality and continuous focus on improvements in results of UNIS students were high, and the percentage all educational activities. The UNIS ofFor failed 2017, exams both the were level lower of admission than in 2016. and Theexamination feedback that UNIS shall offer research- and field-based courses of follow-uphigh quality of students.where students are actively involved, where ofthe roles, learning responsibilities, environment tasks has high and standardsprocesses thatand a close UNIS receives from the students show that they to a The system has a clear definition high degree experience a good learning environment. However, they wish the curriculum lists are made andcontribute regulations to the at fulfilment UNIS. In 2018, of these UNIS goals. will The focus quality on the available before the course starts, in addition to system also includes links to administrative routines getting more course specific information and more of a formal notice system for students regarding learning field preparation. Also, the students expect UNIS to revision of the course evaluations and an implementation have a learning management system (LMS). For further information, please see the 2017 Report on Educational environment. Quality available on our website (both in English and for the work on educational quality. This work shall UNIS’Norwegian). participation in the Centre of excellence in focusThe UNIS on the Education quality inCommittee the education (ECom) offered is responsible at UNIS and an increased educational quality for our students. The education, bioCEED, continues to contribute to further educationalstrengthening quality of the for educational our staff, andquality organizes focus. bioCEEDtogether annualUNIS Board report of onDirectors educational has the quality. overall The responsibility report mainly for has made available resources and competences in describeseducation theand quality educational work qualityand status at UNIS of UNIS and education receives an with ECom the annual UNIS Learning Forum.
June 2017: AGF-353/853 Arctic Energy Exploration and Development lecture in Lassegrotta. Photo: Lars Henrik Smedsrud/UNIS. ANNUAL REPORT 2017 | 11
STATISTICS STUDENT NATIONALITY 2015
TOTAL NUMBERS OF STUDENTS Norway 32% Nordic countries 12% 800 Germany 11% 700 Russia 6% 600 United Kingdom 6% 500 Netherlands 9%
400 Canada 3%
300 USA 4%
200 Other countries 17%
100
0 2015 2016 2017 690 759 794
STUDENT NATIONALITY 2016
Norway 33% Nordic countries 12% PRODUCTION IN STUDENT-LABOUR YEARS Germany 14% (1 YEAR = 60 ECTS CREDITS) United Kingdom 7%
250 Netherlands 9% Russia 4% 200 Canada 3% USA 3% 150 Other countries 15%
100
50
0 2015 2016 2017 202.4 214.4 222.5 STUDENT NATIONALITY 2017 Norway 33% Course ECTS Master ECTS Nordic countries 9% Note: UNIS registers ECTS by 1) course production and 2) master students attendance Germany 16% Russia 3% United Kingdom 6% Netherlands 7% Canada 3% USA 5% Other countries 18% 12 | ANNUAL REPORT 2017
PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT 2017
GROUP* University Centre in Svalbard AS
2017 2016 2017 2016 NOK NOK OPERATING INCOME NOK NOK 128 870 000 125 360 000 Operating grant from the Ministry 128 870 000 125 360 000 75 000 0 Other grants 75 000 -1 007 128 -2 611 902 Appropriation for investments -1 007 128 -2 611 902 127 937 872 122 748 098 Operating grant from the Ministry 127 937 872 122 748 098
43 734 377 44 536 661 External project income 43 740 259 44 993 136 0 2 173 321 Operating grant from sponsors 0 0 13 962 633 14 515 617 Other incomes 13 962 633 15 515 617 185 634 882 183 973 697 Gross operating income 185 640 764 183 256 851
37 289 733 37 708 244 Direct project expenses 37 289 733 37 708 244
148 345 149 146 265 453 Net operating income 148 351 031 145 548 607
OPERATING EXPENSES 75 688 322 76 763 064 Salary and related expenses 75 688 322 76 763 064 9 273 395 10 421 626 Fieldwork and cruise 9 273 395 10 421 626 143 253 651 362 Consultancy services 0 0 35 091 670 33 901 623 Buildings 35 091 670 33 901 623 25 391 803 28 510 927 Other operating expenses 25 386 530 28 505 727 1 775 000 1 740 000 Depreciation 1 775 000 1 740 000 147 363 443 151 988 602 Sum operating expenses 147 214 917 151 332 040
981 706 -5 723 149 OPERATING SURPLUS 1 136 114 -5 783 433
FINANCIAL INCOME AND EXPENSES 634 722 756 669 Financial income 634 600 753 750 709 230 837 806 Financial expenses 709 230 835 758 -74 508 -81 137 Net financial items -74 630 -82 008
907 198 -5 804 286 Net profit for the year 1 061 485 -5 865 441
Information about appropriations to: Transferred from/to other equity 1 061 485 -5 865 441 Sum transfers 1 061 485 -5 865 441
* The UNIS group consists of the University in Svalbard AS and the subsidiary company UNIS CO2 lab. ANNUAL REPORT 2017 | 13
BALANCE SHEET 31.12.2017
GROUP* University Centre in Svalbard AS
2017 2016 2017 2016 NOK NOK FIXED ASSETS NOK NOK Fixed assets (tangible) 32 866 208 34 641 208 Buildings 32 866 208 34 641 208 32 866 208 34 641 208 Sum tangible fixed assets 32 866 208 34 641 208 Fixed assets (financial) 0 0 Investments in subsidiary company 175 000 100 000 0 0 Sum financial fixed assets 175 000 100 000 32 866 208 34 641 208 Sum fixed assets 33 041 208 34 741 208 CURRENT ASSETS 10 203 432 4 967 149 Accounts receivable 10 203 432 8 047 709 4 858 531 5 374 677 Other short-term receivables 4 858 531 5 374 677 27 136 326 15 278 672 Cash and bank deposits 27 048 456 12 036 956 42 198 289 25 620 498 Sum current assets 42 110 419 25 459 342 75 064 497 60 261 706 SUM ASSETS 75 151 627 60 200 550 EQUITY Accumulated equity 100 000 100 000 Share capital 100 000 100 000 1 954 025 1 954 025 Other accumulated equity 1 954 025 1 954 025 2 054 025 2 054 025 Sum accumulated equity 2 054 025 2 054 025 Retained equity 9 212 177 8 304 978 Other equity 9 305 307 8 243 822 9 212 177 8 304 978 Sum retained equity 9 305 307 8 243 822 11 266 202 10 359 003 Sum equity 11 359 332 10 297 847 LIABILITIES Allowances for liabilities 3 400 000 0 Provisions for liabilities 3 400 000 0 3 400 000 0 Sum allowances for liabilities 3 400 000 0 Other long-term liabilities 16 593 692 18 368 356 Housing loan 16 593 692 18 368 356 16 593 692 18 368 356 Sum other long-term liabilities 16 593 692 18 368 356 Short-term liabilities 1 685 079 3 761 672 Accounts payable 1 679 079 3 761 672 2 310 126 2 437 503 Public fees and duties 2 310 126 2 437 503 39 809 399 25 335 171 Other short-term liabilities 39 809 399 25 335 171 43 804 604 31 534 346 Sum short-term liabilities 43 798 604 31 534 346 63 798 296 49 902 702 Sum liabilities 63 792 296 49 902 702 75 064 498 60 261 705 SUM EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 75 151 628 60 261 705
* The UNIS group consists of the University in Svalbard AS and the subsidiary company UNIS CO2 lab. 14 | ANNUAL REPORT 2017 ARCTIC BIOLOGY
August 2017: AB-321/821 Ecology of Arctic Marine Benthos course cruise in Kongsfjorden. Photo: Fredrik Broms/Akvaplan-niva. ANNUAL REPORT 2017 | 15
BY BØRGE DAMSGÅRD, HEAD OF DEPARTMENT Arctic Biology (AB) provides a full one-year curriculum of undergraduate studies, including a summer course on identification of Arctic species, as well as a range of Master and PhD level courses in biology. The department conducts research in climate change biology, seasonal ecology, and spatio- temporal dynamics of species and systems. Our strategy will strengthen our local, national and international scientific role, founded upon curiosity driven, high scientific competence and year-round presence in Svalbard.
PEOPLE At the end of 2017, the AB department consisted of three professors, five associate professors, two support positions, five PhD students and eight adjunct professors. Ingibjörg Svala Jónsdóttir started a two-year contract fromas adjunct September professor 2016. from January 2017, and in March Øystein Varpe was appointed full professor, effective EDUCATION The AB department aims to be the preferred study site for learning high Arctic biology through authentic andexperiences. skills are Our best education mediated should through be student research-based centred both in knowledge content and how we teach. Knowledge learning and active learning, and authentic research settings and active involvement may create more motivated students and aid deeper learning. With this background a bachelor research project course (AB- 207) was started in 2017. The course gives the students insight into AB research, and provides an opportunity to work on their own research project linked to ongoing projects in the department. bioCEED, a Centre for The educational development in the AB department is to a large extent linked to the project expertExcellence committee in Biology of Education. In 2017, bioCEED has been through a comprehensive evaluation process by an the Norwegian Agency for Quality Assurance in Education (NOKUT), where the achieved yearsresults of and funding plans until for further 2023. development have been evaluated. A positive evaluation result led to five new
In 2017 bioCEED provided several meeting arenas for staff and students at UNIS. bioCEED has offered seminars for all employees, e.g. field and research-based 16 | ANNUAL REPORT 2017
welladvancing as long-term fundamental interactions knowledge with ofthe the biotic ecology and abioticand evolution of Arctic species, formed by the seasonal as
archingcomponents themes: characteristic Climate change of the biology, Arctic Seasonalenvironment, ecology andincluding Spatio-temporal human impact. dynamics Our researchof species cover and systems. three over-
time series station was established in 2011 and is now in The Isfjorden-Adventfjorden (IsA) high-resolution marine
its seventh year. The station, set up to determine temporal drivers of microbial communities, and to disentangle natural variations from changes induced by climate June 2017: UNIS staff Chris Borstad (left), Mads Forchhammer and microbialchange, provides eukaryotes weekly and to larger monthly plankton. data on Data hydrography from the Tove M. Gabrielsen were awarded The Joanna Renc-Roe Award – as well as diversity and community composition of for pushing the boundaries of SoTL at the EuroSoTL conference in Sweden. Photo: Børge Damsgård/UNIS. analyses of biological data from multiple years show both station was used in several master theses in 2017, and education, sustainable education, pedagogical portfolio, recurring annual patterns of biodiversity and species composition, as well as large interannual variation run the teacher’s course Collegial Teaching and Learning linked to inflow of “warm” Atlantic water. The AB inand STEM challenges Education related to PhD learning. bioCEED has department is currently expanding on these findings by participated. Staff from the AB department participated investigating seasonal variations in community function. where four AB staff members have ofBy how determining this important how the ecosystem gene activities component of protists at the change bottomthroughout of the the marine year, we food aim chain to improve responds our to understanding the extreme Forchhammer,in three major teachingtogether conferenceswith their colleague in 2017. AtChris the differences in light that characterizes the Arctic. EuroSOTL in Lund, Sweden, Tove Gabrielsen and Mads
Borstad in the Arctic Geophysics department, received plankton data as part of the Isfjorden Marine Observatory the Joanna Renc-Roe Award 2017 for “Pushing the System,The synthesis-work IMOS, continued of historical in 2017 withand newseasonal Isfjorden sampling boundaries of the scholarship of teaching and learning” (SoTL) with their contributing paper “Active learning series is the only plankton data series from the high- and course alignment in thematically complex courses”. in spring, summer, autumn and winter. The IMOS time bioCEED also facilitated the annual Learning Forum at term plankton time series is possible to maintain since UNIS in November 2017, focusing on field based teaching, samplingsArctic (>78 can °N) be with secured seasonal through resolution. regular Such student a long- student workload and active learning. launched at the department; Numerical competence and studentIn 2017 activetwo major research pedagogical funded by research the Thon projects Foundation, were field campaigns, combined by the regular activity at Classroom Observation Protocol for the Murmansk Marine Biological Institute (MMBI) field Undergraduate STEM. station in Barentsburg. IMOS is financed by the Research and the COPUS project bioBreakfast TheCouncil large of calanoid Norway copepods(RCN). of the genus Calanus are The breakfast is a meetingThe student place for representatives bachelor, master from and key components of the Arctic marine food web. Three bioCEEDPhD students, have wheredeveloped the students can, sharefunded experiences by NOKUT. co-occurring species exist in our part of the Arctic: the related to education and working life. Furthermore, sub-Arctic Calanus finmarchicus, the Arctic shelf species C. glacialis and the true polar species C. hyperborues. reading seminars for UNIS students. the student representatives have arranged writing and Recent molecular studies led by Nord University and UNIS revealed that species identification of these three “climate isIn organizedorder to disseminate together with knowledge the national from meetings bioCEED, in the indicator species” is not as trivial as previously assumed. National Forum for Educational Leadership in Biology defendedThe work hisis published PhD in December in high-ranked 2017. In peer-reviewed May 2017 guest pedagogical merit systems. The forum is organized by journals, led by guest PhD student Marvin Choquet, who Biofagrådet. In 2017 the meeting in Bergen focused on marinePhD student food websLauris on Boissonnot small, numerous completed copepods her PhD and work the RESEARCHØystein Varpe from the department. pteropodson turnover Limacina of trophic spp. markers and Clione and limacinalipid carbon. in Arctic for 2017-2021, and aims to become a leading institution Meroplankton is an important component of the inIn high2017 Arctic the AB biological department research developed with acutting new strategy edge zooplankton community in nearshore regions, but methodology and infrastructure. Our goals embrace most of these benthic larval forms are morphological ANNUAL REPORT 2017 | 17
Top: July 2017: The students in AB-327/827 Arctic Microbiology perform fieldwork on Longyearbreen. Photo: Lise Øvreås/UNIS.
Middle: August 2017: A young snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) was caught in Raudfjorden during the AB-321/821 Ecology of Arctic Marine Benthos course cruise. This is the first observation of snow crab in Svalbard fjords. Photo: Fredrik Broms/Akvaplan-niva.
Bottom: May 2017: Fieldwork in Ringhorndalen, an area of amazing species richness. Photo: Pernille Bronken Eidesen/UNIS. 18 | ANNUAL REPORT 2017
little about reproduction and recruitment of marine hard unidentifiable beyond class level. We thus know very AB department and the Arctic Geology (AG) department, Meroplankton Studieswas continued on the effects in 2017 of with climate several change joint on publications. the Arctic biodiversity,and soft bottom seasonal invertebrate dynamics fauna and function at high latitudes.in high species and their systems form a central part of the latitudeSince 2015, coastal UNIS ecosystems has run a project on research at the department. The retreating Arctic sea ice Flagship at the Fram Centre in close collaboration with may lead to declined growth in tundra shrubs suggests funded by the Fjord and Coast a recent study from AB. Using data from three different the Polish funded project LARVEA. The project is also and Greenland in a plant growth model, a more complex expanded to include organisms living inside the sea ice. species of willow and birch from the tundra of Svalbard Extensive weekly field sampling was conducted in the ice growth. The research points to the fact that multiple zooplanktonfree Adventfjorden species with composition comparative are notparallel so different, studies in relationship was found between ice and vegetation Van Mijen fjorden. Preliminary results indicate that the stressfactors induced may influence by rising growth temperature of plants in in an the already Arctic dry region. but that ice free fjords has a much higherSympagohydra abundance Herbivorous grazing by reindeer and musk oxen, drought tulieof zooplankton and meroplankton. The first Svalbard departmentobservation willof the intensify sea ice cnidarianthe research on the sympagic environment, as well as local variations in permafrost meiofaunawas found community in Van Mijen to identify fjorden the in importance 2017. The AB of preservation and soil humidity are such factors.
AB continued to solve biological puzzles related to seasonal fjordWhere ice land for meetssuccessful sea: Effects benthic of reproduction. terrestrial inputs In drivers of spatial and temporal variation of terrestrial on2017, contaminant UNIS became dynamics a large in partner Arctic coastal in the NIVA-ledecosystems project biodiversity and speciation. One focus area the last TerrACE: couple of years have been the arctic hot-spot area detected in the Ringhorndalen-Flatøyrdalen area in (RCN financed 2017-2020).Future Arctic Algae Blooms – and beenWijdefjorden. detected Thisin this area area has the revealed last couple amazing of years. species In their role in the context of climate change richness, and several new species for Svalbard have The FAABulous project ( January and August. Furthermore, a sea ;ice RCN sampling 2015-2019) cooperation with colleagues from the universities in Oslo collected seasonal data during five cruises between and Tromsø and Ecofact, we have found several species to May 2017, with an extended stay there during late April of butterflies and Svalbard´s only carnivorous plant. campaign was conducted in Van Mijen fjorden from March remnantOne of the from main the aims warmer for the periods current in investigations early Holocene, is or to untangle whether this biodiversity oasis is a relict and early May. The project aims to study the combined effects of altered light conditions, ocean acidificationin situ phylogeography,if the species have biogeography dispersed in andrecently most due recently to climatic experimentsand invasion withof temperate natural seaspecies ice algae on Arctic and phytoplankton pelagic and changes. We have addressed these questions through tosympagic compare algal to the blooms. laboratory The field experiments campaign conducted allowed in through analyses of ancient DNA. With support from the Svalbard Environmental Protection Fund, and in Bremerhaven, to study combined stress of light and ocean analysescooperation of ancient with colleagues DNA in a sedimentfrom the Universitycore from theof area, Theacidification department’s on key terrestrial phytoplankton research species. platform Tromsø and AG at UNIS, we have recently started the Adventdalen Integrated Research Operations support long-time presence in the area. dating back 12.000 years. Our overall preliminary results collaboration with Climate-Ecological Observatory (ANCHOR) forhas Arctic increased Tundra its activity in Adventdalen through mycorrhiza, the arbuscular mycorrhizas, were absent in It was previously believed that one of the major types of documentation and(COAT). understanding COAT is a research-basedof climate impacts on data collected during our courses in Arctic mycology, arcticobservation tundra system ecosystems, to enable from real the time low-Arctic detection, Norway Svalbard. However, a recent published study based on concludes that the mycorrhizas symbiosis is present in summer 2017 a range of transects focusing on monitoring led by our former adjunct professor Kevin Newsham, (70°N) to the high Arctic Svalbard (79°N). During the grass and forb roots in Svalbard. long-term changes in vegetation growth and reindeer of seasonality form a core part of research efforts at the numbers were established throughout Adventdalen. These department.Studies of the Studies ecological published and evolutionary in 2017 include consequences reports supplementtransects will the be summer integrated monitoring. into fieldwork on some AB on life history adaptations to seasonality, with two courses, where student projects will collect winter data to articles emerging from the Symposium on Evolutionary Together with the Norwegian Polar Institute, the AB Consequence of Seasonality; the linkages between pollutant focusing on bringing current research groups together department hosted a workshop on the Svalbard reindeer, inlevels the andArctic reproductive impact the annualstrategies light in regime marine and mammals, thereby SVALGREEN, initiated in 2016 by the foraging behaviour of seabirds, and how sea ice decline to provide a first complete status of the species. The interdisciplinary project visually searching foragers, such as fish. ANNUAL REPORT 2017 | 19
APPOINTMENTS CONBEAR, funded by AB started in 2017 a two-year project on the conflicts Nansen Legacy betweenwith the Norwegianpolar bears Polar and humans Institute, ( the Norwegian Børge Damsgård was appointed member of the board in the Svalbard Environmental Protection Fund), together the project , and vice leader in Biofagrådet.
Environmental Agency and the Governor of Svalbard. The aim is to reduce the frequency of conflicts and to mitigate the effects if such conflicts occur.
GRADUATES 2017
PHD DEGREE:
LAURIS BOISSONNOT JULIE CORNELIUS GRENVALD Understanding winter patterns of zooplankton University of Bremen and UNIS Turnover of trophic markers and lipid carbon in Arctic UNIS and University of MARVINmarine food CHOQUET webs. ( ). Tromsødiel vertical migration (DVM) in a high Arctic fjord Combining ecological and molecular approaches to (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard). ( Calanus ). Nord redefineUniversity the and baseline UNIS knwoledge of the genus in the North Atlantic and the Arctic Oceans. ( ).
MASTER DEGREE:
CALUM BACHELL HELENE OVERAA EIDE Somateria mollissima Fate of Calanus University of University of Tromsø TromsøThe role and of the UNIS male Common Eider and UNIS spp. reproduction and development under as a protector against nest-predation. ( different environmental stressors. ( MATHILDE BOURREAU). SVENJA HALFTER). Impact of climate change on protist communities in University Pierre et Marie Curie and University of Rostock and UNIS UNISLarge-scale phenology of marine plankton in the North Isfjorden, Svalbard. ( Atlantic and Arctic Ocean. ( HANNA). BÖHNER HANNE). KRISTIN HARALDSEN The effect of simulated goose grubbing and warming on biomass, nitrogen, phosphorus and silicon concentrations of graminoids in High Arctic tundra ecosystems. Effects of experimental winterNTNU icing andand summerUNIS University of Freiburg and UNIS warming on high Arctic tundra vascular plants: A LINNcomparison SVENDHEIM of growth HUNSTAD forms. ( ). (HÉLÉNA CUNY ). Seasonal progression of the zooplankton community in
University of South Brittany and UNIS Nord University and UNIS Zooplankton dynamics in ice free versus ice covered a high Arctic fjord and the main physical and biological JULIAfjords inDUSAUCY Svalbard. ( ). PATRICKdrivers. ( SCHIMMEL ). Phaeocystis pouchetii Micromonas pusilla. Wageningen University & Research and UNIS From dark to light;University development of South Brittanyof and UNIS Late winter activity of ( spring blooms in Isfjorden (IsA station), Western ). MARTASpitsbergen. DAHL ( GROTHEIM ).
NTNU and UNISEffects of Experimental Icing and Summer Warming on the Polar Willow Salix polaris on Svalbard. ( ). 20 | ANNUAL REPORT 2017 ARCTIC GEOLOGY
February 2017: AG-325/825 Glaciology excursion to the glacier Tunabreen in Tempelfjorden. Photo: Sebastian Sikora/UNIS. ANNUAL REPORT 2017 | 21
BY HANNE H. CHRISTIANSEN, HEAD OF DEPARTMENT The Arctic Geology (AG) department’s research and education is focused on the geological evolution of Svalbard as recorded in spectacular geological sequences spanning the Precambrian to the Cenozoic, and overlain by Quaternary glacial and interglacial deposits. Easily accessible outcrops make it possible to do research in the interplay of continental drift with tectonic, glacial, periglacial, coastal, fluvial and marine sedimentary processes. The close proximity of present-day geological, glacial, periglacial, marine and terrestrial processes provides an exciting field laboratory as the basis for our research and education.
PEOPLE During 2017 the department had nine full time faculty four associate professors. Andy Hodson started aspositions, professor which in glaciology were filled and by Riko four Noormetsprofessors got and appointed member of the Young Academy of Norway in promoted to full professor during 2017. Kim Senger was geographically spread young researchers that aim to be autumn 2017, joining a group of multi-disciplinary and particularly active in outreach activities and shaping research politics. We had thirteen adjunct positions, four of which were externally funded. Five of these adjuncts postdocwere from and Norwegian ten internally universities and externally and one funded from the PhD studentsGeological worked Survey in of the Norway. department. One externally funded
EDUCATION Six bachelor courses, 13 master courses and 11 PhD courses were taught in the department in 2017. There courses.were quite The large department numbers was of qualified responsible applicants for 31 %for of most all UNISof our student courses production and there were in 2017. waiting list for several
During 2017 AG prepared the new full-year Arctic bachelor study for third year geology students, and the physical geography Arctic bachelor study for the summer/autumn semester. This expansion of bachelor courses has been done in direct contact with the students.Norwegian universities, who have requested more field practise for their geology and physical geography 22 | ANNUAL REPORT 2017
AG has since 2014 used UArctic funding, and from 2016
Formationpackage. Two was fully executed funded in ArcEx 2017 andPhD the students preliminary are hosted also INTPART funding, to develop courses and education conclusionby UNIS. Extensive is consistent field withwork the of the conceptual Hollenderdalen model that in geology. Lena Håkansson, Maria Jensen and Hanne the formation marks the change from a Palaeocene sag Christiansen are UNIS representativesCentre for integrated in a national Earth Systemgroup working education to establish a Centre for Excellence in Education called iEarth basin to an Eocene foreland Basin. A research project will between the four. largestiEarth ‘sgeology aim is todepartments strengthen in Norway. improve the understanding of the tectono-stratigraphic collaboration and developing future geoscience education evolution of the Forlandsundet graben. ArcEx was yearsevaluated of the during centre. 2017 as part of the mid-way evaluation, A national committee with representatives from each an important step to set the direction for the final three university has been established. The third national committee meeting Circum-Arcticwas held at UNIS Geology in October. for Everyone culminated with getting ready to start a bachelor course The Upper Jurassic shales continued in 2017 as a major The UArctic project internal R&D activity. This is based on two industrial additionsponsored to projectsbeing the conducted dominating in closeshale cooperationunit for sealing with called “Integratedst Geological Methods: from outcrop the University of Oslo and University of Stavanger. In into the 21 century with respect to state-of-the-art 2 to geomodel” in January 2018. The project brings UNIS organic rich succession is also an enigmatic unit; it isof thebuoyant time whenfluids the(e.g. globe CO and got hydrocarbons),black. Together thewith high a incorporateddigital tools for into use a numberboth in the of UNIS field coursesand in the and classroom. are Middle Cretaceous unit, it is the main source rocks for Digital tablet-based field notebooks, for instance, are generally well received by the students. At UNIS, a settingthe world’s and oilstratigraphy reserves. Studies of the Upper both fromJurassic outcrops succession and virtual reality system has been set-up and used in both wells in Adventdalen have improved the depositional education and outreach activities – effectively extending our short-lived field season. in Svalbard and Barents Sea. In addition, there is continuous work on the shale gas in Adventdalen. The teaching and learning project “A digital learning environment for field-based geoscience teaching” was The end of 2017 also markedhttp://co2-ccs.unis.no the end of the SUCCESS funded by Norwegian Agency for Digital Learning in centre where UNIS2 has been an active partner through the Higher Education at the end of 2017. This project involves Longyearbyen CO storage lab site and ( how this knowledge can). The all undergraduate courses in AG and will provide digital eight-year project2 focused on understanding the processes 2 storage in the North Sea. componentsolutions to on better spatial link understanding, field- and classroom for which learning. the main The relevant for CO project also has a scholarship of teaching and learning contributeUNIS is also to a large-scale partner in COthe new Norwegian CCS Research Centre data will come from the AG-209 course. The project NCCS focusses on understanding how faults and other involves all faculty teaching bachelor courses in AG, the (NCCS) hosted by Sintef. Research activity in University of Bergen and University of Oslo. The project has close collaboration with bioCEED and the iEarth structural heterogeneities affect subsurface fluid flow. A initiative. number of research proposals were submitted to CLIMIT of an educational offer in the Arctic Safety Centre and and FRINATEK utilising the immense data set from Several staff members participated in the development withAdventdalen, a number and of recentlywork is ongoing published to paperspublish on a special both the volume in the Norwegian Journal of Geology during 2018, in the development of a local awareness society in Longyearbyen,RESEARCH also part of the Arctic Safety Centre. reservoir and cap rock successions. The department has three specialised research groups, Kim Senger has been actively promoting the use also cross departmental research is going on and being Asof virtual an example, outcrops synthetic derived seismic from cost-effectivemodelling of a large- planned.presented below with their different activities. However, scalephotogrammetry outcrop of igneous in both rocks teaching in Argentina and research has recentlyprojects. been published and work is ongoing to follow up with Basin studies The basin studies group work on modern and ancient PhDoutcrops and master from Svalbard. students continue to study the the Barents Sea. The group consisted of one professor, depositional systems in Svalbard and offshore links to Carboniferous andoutcrop Permian shows succession the transition in Svalbard from coal two associate professors, seven adjuncts, six PhD and the Barents Sea. A newly discovered well exposed students and several master students. within the Research Centre for Arctic Petroleum bearing fluvial facies to fluvial red beds with calcrete ExplorationUNIS continues to be an active and important partner soil profiles. It will give the opportunity to document the climate change in the Early to Late Carboniferous. (ArcEx), with co-lead of the geology work ANNUAL REPORT 2017 | 23
June 2017: Students in the AG-218 International Bachelor Permafrost Summer Field School perform fieldwork in Adventdalen. Photo: Ole Humlum/UNIS.
August 2017: AG-323/823 Sequence Stratigraphy course fieldwork in Asvinddalen, Billefjorden. Photo: Øystein Grasdal/UNIS. 24 | ANNUAL REPORT 2017
PhD work on laser scanning the snow pack dimensions 2017 UNIS is participating in a new Research Council of The Triassic North was finalised in 2017. From autumn has resulted in an analysis of the December 2015 and on avalanche prone slopes around Longyearbyen, theNorway uppermost (RCN) projectTriassic entitled to Middle ISBAR, Jurassic which in the focus Greater on depositional environments and sequence stratigraphy of withFebruary the meteorological 2017 avalanche conditions. events in Longyearbyen, using the laser scan derived snow depth maps in combination PhDBarents student Sea andMalte Svalbard. Jochmann continued his studies on LowPerm, led by Andy Hodson and Hanne the regional stratigraphy of lower part of the Palaeogene Christiansen, has shown that the emission of greenhouse The EU project aspects of this basin were started, tied to long term data modern climate warming, but also by ongoing landscape basin. Several spin-off MSc projects on various detailed changegases from in response West Spitsbergen to the end is of controlled the glaciation. not just In by obtaincollection data from from the otherwise Firkanten inaccessible Formation. outcrops One of these of projects has also used new virtual outcrop methods to Adventdalen, isostatic land recovery is still out-pacing Festningen. sea level rise and so methane and other greenhouse gas the lowermost part of the basin, the Grønfjorden Bed at emissions from the active layer are dominated by former methanemarine sediments because they subjected take time to uplift. to accumulate These sediments organic matter.are not immediatelyBefore this, they conducive are dominated to the production by other of The modern systems research covers a number of microbial processes, especially iron reduction, making sedimentexternally transport funded projects, and storage. and is The mainly Coastal focused Link – from sourceon coastal to sink system project sedimentology studies the modern and valley to Holocene to fjord sediment transportation and storage from land to sea methanecarbon dioxide which thehas principal accumulated greenhouse beneath gas. the However,permafrost the project has also established that older thermogenic in two fjord basins (Kongsfjorden and Dicksonfjorden). connectedis also contributing to isostatic to landscapeuplift. Remarkably, emissions emissions via The project has produced new knowledge on Arctic tidal fromAdventdalen’s four small pingos, pingo springswhose formation increase atmosphericcan also be systems, mapping of the coastal zone in Dicksonfjorden and collected data for volume calculations for sediment quantifying greenhouse gas emissions from a warming transport and storage in the two fjord systems. The methane fluxes by about 30% in Adventdalen. Therefore, project is led by Maria Jensen, has partners from 11 institutions in addition to UNIS, and has involved five TheSvalbard latter environment has yet to be requires considered an understandingin any estimates of of both CryospherePhD students from Korea, France and Russia. Arcticthe active methane layer andemissions. the sub-permafrost environment. The research group focuses on permafrost, periglacial, Professor Hanne Christiansen is the president of the consisted of two professors, one associate professor, one snow and avalanche sciences. In 2017, the group secretariat is now based at UNIS. The Norwegian IPA leadership,International including Permafrost operation Association of the IPA(IPA). Secretariat The IPA is Theadjunct Svalbard professor, Automated one postdoc Snow Monitoring and three PhD students. funded by RCN.
Fund, aims to automatically monitor the snow (SASM) pack project, in The AG and AB departments, together with Aarhus funded by the Svalbard Environmental Protection were established in the most important well-known potential avalanche areas. Three monitoring stations University, University of Copenhagen, Danish Technical University, Aqua Arctic and Svalbard Science Forum, snowavalanche temperature, areas that air endanger temperature Longyearbyen and humidity (Lia, were acrossarranged the the largest first climaticever SVALGREEN gradient inworkshop the Arctic, on collected,Nybyen and and Sverdruphammeren). were already in December Data on 2017 snow used depth, for developing research and education collaboration in May 2017. 31 researchers working in northern collected is displayed on the UNIS website. Hazard between warm Svalbard and cold Northern Greenland Zonationmanaging Sukkertoppen avalanche hazardous conditions. The data collaboration agreement was signed between UNIS and Greenland and/or in Svalbard attended the workshop. A , funded by NVE, compare different approaches of dynamic avalanche modelling for Arctic Aarhus University to promote research and education conditions to create a reliable avalanche hazard map for coursescollaboration. in bio- SVALGREEN and geosciences should using lead the to Framjoint researchStrait the Sukkertoppen area. The UNIS objective is to model climateprojects gradient. and potential development of university level the avalanchesPermafrost, for the return Rock periodsfall, Ice and 1/100, Snow 1/1000 Monitoring and and1/5000 Modelling years using SAMOS-AT. Other on-going research Quaternary geology projects are (PRISM) project in the Auste Lovénbreen group consisted of one professor, one associate professor, inbasin the nearAustrian Ny-Ålesund, Alps. and a project on detection of The terrestrial and marine geology Quaternary research avalanches using an acoustic fibre optic sensing system master students. three adjunct professors, two PhD students and several ANNUAL REPORT 2017 | 25
Holocene Precipitation Seasonality beaches. Regions were mapped and lake cores as well as in Svalbard Workreconstruct continued Holocene on the hydroclimate by analyzing leaf wax hydrogen (HOPS) isotopesproject, within lake the sediment purpose cores. to field samples will be used to better understand Holocene glacial fluctuations and relative sea level. Lake sediment analysis continued with lake sediment cores from several A lake sediment core from Austre Nevlingen (outer lake basins from Wijdefjorden. springWijdefjorden) of 2017. was The analysed results will in thebe writtenbiogeochemistry up and UNIS. Part of his sabbatical, he stayed at the Bolin laboratory of at the University at Buffalo during the In 2017, Riko Noormest was on a sabbatical leave from published in the first half of 2018. Lena M. Håkansson Cambridge,Centre for Climate where heResearch worked at with Stockholm colleagues University on the is involved in a project using lake sediment records to and Scott Polar Research Institute at the University of reconstruct and monitor vegetation in the Ringhorndalen and the Barents Sea. New, high-resolution data from Valley in collaboration with the AB department. In spring seafloor mapping and glacial reconstructions of Svalbard of 2017 she did fieldwork in Ringhorndalen together with toAB measure colleagues soil Pernille temperature B. Eidesen and moistureand Tina Dahl.on the During south calving glacier margins collected during 2016 campaigns the three day field campaign data loggers were put out were presented in several meetings, including the CalvingSEIS workshop at the Institute for Coastal and facing Ringhorndalen valley side. Marine Environment on Sicily, and the Svalbard Science Holocene history of AnneConference Flink completedin Oslo. her PhD studies by defending her SvalbardPhD student ice caps Wesley and Farnsworth glaciers. Data continued was collected to focus during on glacial history within the project inferred from submarine landforms and marine sediment Holocene glacial oscillations, focusing on meltwater thesis titled “Glacier dynamics in the fjords of Svalbard, signalsseveral infield threshold campaigns lakes, around glacial Isfjorden morphology to highlight and raised cores”. GRADUATES 2017
PHD DEGREE:
ANNE E. FLINK GARETH STEVEN LORD
UNIS andGlacier University dynamics of Bergen in the fjords of Svalbard, inferred from SequenceNTNU Stratigraphy and UNIS and Facies Development of the submarine landforms and marine sediment cores. ( Triassic Succession of Svalbard and the Northern Barents ). Sea. ( ). MASTER DEGREE:
ANDREAS ALEXANDER MARTE FESTØY Integrated characterization of igneous intrusions in Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen and University of Tromsø and UNIS UNISNumerical modeling of the cold based glacier Larsbreen in Svalbard. ( CentralCATHINKA Spitsbergen. FORSBERG ( ). NÍNA). ARADÓTTIR A sedimentological study of the deltaic De Geerdalen Glacial history and geomorphology of Trygghamna, University of Tromsø and UNIS NTNU and UNISFormation in Fulmardalen and of fluvial deposists in the westernDANIEL BEN-YEHOSHUASpitsbergen. ( ). Snadd Formation on the Finnmark Platform. ( BÅRD). HEGGEM University of Iceland and UNIS An analysis of facies in the De Geerdalen Formation and Crevasse-Squeeze Ridges in Trygghamna, Svalbard. (ELLIOT BROZE ). NTNU and UNIS provenance across the Middle to Late Triassic boundary KAROLINEon Spitsbergen, THU Svalbard. SKJÆRPE ( ). The occurrenceUniversity of flow transformations of Tromsø and UNIS within sandy Sedimentological facies analyses of Clinothem 8C submarine fans: A case study from the Eocene on Spitsbergen.MARI EIKEN ( ). University of Bergen and UNIS (Eocene), Battfjellet Formation, Brogniartfjella, Svalbard. ( ). Dynamic avalancheUniversity modeling of Oslo in and Svalbard’s UNIS arctic environment: terrestrial laser scanning as tool for model verification. ( ). 26 | ANNUAL REPORT 2017
ARCTIC GEOPHYSICS
March 2017: The Aurora Borealis (northern lights) dances over the roof of the Kjell Henriksen Observatory. Photo: Mikko Syrjäsuo/UNIS. ANNUAL REPORT 2017 | 27
BY DAG A. LORENTZEN, HEAD OF DEPARTMENT The Arctic Geophysics (AGF) department consists of two research groups; the Air-Cryosphere-Sea Interaction (ACSI) group and the Space Physics group. The department thus performs research and education in the vertical column from deep ocean to near space with researchers within physical and chemical oceanography, the cryosphere and meteorology (which constitutes the ACSI group), and within the middle atmosphere and the ionosphere/magnetosphere (which constitutes the Space Physics group).
PEOPLE At the end of 2017 the department consisted of nine full time faculty, two post docs (space physics), ten adjuncts closely(20 % position) linked to and each five of thePhD’s two (three research in the groups. ACSI group The and two in the Space Physics group). Two technicians are integraltwo technicians part of the provide AGF department. valuable service and support with instrumentation and fieldwork, and is as such an EDUCATION
All courses taught in AGF use the Svalbard nature as a laboratory. The fieldwork is conducted in or around offersSvalbard, both using bachelor the natural and master/PhD environment, courses research linked toinstallations both research and groups.scientific The cruises. department The department offers six 15
ECTS bachelor courses, one 10 ECTS master course and seven 5-15 ECTS combined master/PhD courses. A new 15 ECTS bachelor course in “Remote Sensing and Space Instrumentation” was approved in 2017, and will run for the first time in 2018. AGF also offers two 5 ECTS cross-disiplinary bachelor courses; “The Stormy Sun and the Northern Lights” and “Shipping in the Arctic”. byThe the department Norwegian is Centre represented for International in the exchange Cooperation project in “RemoteEx: Remote Sensing of the Cryosphere” funded
AssociateHigher Education Professor (SIU). Borstad was awarded the inaugural
Joanna Renc-Roe Award for “Pushing the Boundaries of Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL)” at the 2017 EuroSoTL conference in Lund, Sweden in June 2017. This was the result of a project conducted with colleagues in coursesthe Arctic at BiologyUNIS. Department to improve strategies for active learning and course alignment in multidisciplinary 28 | ANNUAL REPORT 2017
RESEARCH
The Air-Cryosphere-Sea Interaction (ACSI) Group over homogenous terrain. The second field campaign anwas enhanced a scientific understanding cruise to the ofnorth atmospheric of Spitsbergen boundary with the RCN to fund The Nansen Legacy the German research vessel “Polarstern”. The focus was Afterhttp://nansenlegacy.org many years of intense work, the final decision by project layer processes over sea ice. Observations were made ( ) was taken at the end of camp.by several The internationalmeteorology sectionresearch also groups, has co-lead both under on the understanding2017. The Nansen of aLegacy changing is the marine Norwegian Arctic Arcticclimate and and over the sea ice during the 1,5 Advancedweek long models sea ice research community’s joint effort to establish a holistic and weather prediction in the Arctic: Enhanced capacity Norwegian research institutions and will run from 2018- fromnew four observations year RCN and funded polar project process representations ecosystem. It is a collaborative project between ten
2023. The ACSI group’s main delivery into The Nansen (ALERTNESS). The main aim is improved weather studyLegacy the is toprocesses provide contributingdata sets from to year-long the ocean moored heat prediction capability for the Arctic, benefiting amongst instruments and process cruises around Svalbard, and others increased high-latitude activities related to e.g. ACSI research team will map the distribution of Arctic Inshipping, snow and fishery, ice mechanics, transportation guest andmaster tourism. students budget of the region north of Svalbard. Moreover, the them,Water understand(ArW) and Atlantic the processes Water that(AW) control north thisand eastfront of conducted field studies aimed at improving predictions Svalbard, describe the thermohaline polar front between inof avalancheelastic snow risk properties by developing in stress new calculations. methods for Studies heat and salt exchange across the front. weremeasuring also done snow on hardness the dynamic and incorporatingregimes of a kilometer- variability position and variability, and hence, the effects on volume, important marine data during winter 2017 in connection thick floating ice shelf that once covered the entire An online cabled ocean observatory was collecting glacierArctic basin, scour evidencemarks. The for cryosphere which was sectionrecently of discovered the ACSI Blir det is på Isfjorden i år?, led by the AGF department. in bathymetric scans of the ocean floor that revealed to the Svalbard Environmental Protection Fund project controlling forces and possible weather conditions for group also received international media attention with The mooring made it possible to reveal some of the kilometermodel predictions iceberg. of the fate of the Larsen C ice shelf clearly demonstrated that measurements of the water in Antarctica following the calving of a 6000 square warm water intrusion into the Isfjorden system, and The Space Physics Group The space physics group is member of the centre of column in Isfjorden during winter and spring months are excellence Birkeland Centre for Space Science, led by the necessary to evaluate the potential danger for weak and melting sea ice. The ocean observatory is now a national Importantinfrastructure exchanges through processes SIOS-InfraNor. take place between the University of Bergen. The centre went through its mid- term evaluation in 2017 with excellent reviews and a Thefurther Svalbard five year SuperDARN continuation. radar West Spitsbergen Current (WSC), the coastal shelf waters realtime continuous monitoring of the upper atmospheric in the Spitsbergen Polar Current, and the fjords along is continuing to provide the west coastRemote of Svalbard. Sensing ofResearch Ocean Circulation on these processes and wasEnvironmental conducted Mass through Change a master project and the UNIS- particle flow over an http://kho.unis.no/SD/Sd.htmarea of 3 million square km to the led project North East of Svalbard over the polar cap. Real-time data (REOCIRC). are available online ( ) of Uppsala on phpand archived data is available through the Virginia Tech CO2 A study conducted together with the University radarsonline datafrom portal the network (http://vt.superdarn.org/tiki-index. to produce real-time global uptake in Adventfjorden has ). In the latter, the data are combined with other demonstrated the importance of water-side convection for air-sea gas transfer. For Arctic fjords and coastal maps of the particle flow. CO The Kjell Henriksen Observatory waters the water-side convection resulting from surface2 successfully for 10 years and is the largest facility of its exchange. The results highlight that air-sea CO2 transfer cooling significantly influences the total air-sea kind for optical instruments studying (KHO) thehas aurora. now operated The budgetat these estimates. latitudes may be significantly underestimated, which has serious ramifications for the global carbon history of the observatory dates back to 1978 with the instrumentsfirst station in operate Adventdalen. 24 hours During a day. the The auroral 15 non-optical winter instrumentsseason from Novemberrun all-year-round to the end 24 of hours February, a day. 25 21 optical The meteorology sectionInnovative was involved Strategies in twofor Observation field incampaigns the Arctic during Atmospheric 2017. The Boundary first was Layer in connection with andthe researchtook place project in northern Finland. Its main focus was different institutions from 12 nations are present at KHO. (ISOBAR), Only 6 domes out of 30 are currently not. in use. The full KHO report for 2017 may be downloaded here: obtaining observations for a better understanding of the http://kho.unis.no/doc/KHO_2017.pdf processes governing stable, nocturnal boundary layers ANNUAL REPORT 2017 | 29
February 2017: AGF-304/804 Radar Diagnostics of Space Plasma February 2017: AGF-212 Snow and Ice Processes students digging students build “cantennas”; small antenna radars built out of old snow pits. Photo: Chris Borstad/UNIS. metal boxes. Photo: Anja Strømme/UNIS.
April 2017: AGF-211 Air–Ice–Sea Interaction I students ready to launch a weather balloon during the course cruise. Photo: Mikko Syrjäsuo/UNIS. 30 | ANNUAL REPORT 2017
The middle atmosphere section focuses on ionospheric heating and particle precipitation, something characterisation of particle precipitation, and studies of the effects of high-energy particle precipitation on for theoretical models of magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling.which will The serve ongoing as important RCN PolarProg quantitative validation the Earth’s atmosphere. Particle precipitation occurs project (which is a over a wide range of energies and produces several bycollaborative both UNIS scientistsproject between to Moscow scientists and Russian at UNIS scientists and in kinds of aurora. In 2017 particular attention was given Russia) has resultedBoreal in several Aurora research Camera papers Constellation and visits pulsatingto “pulsating aurora, aurora”, the intensitywhich is producedof the auroral by energetic light is low, butelectrons the particle from the energy Earth’s is high radiation enough belts. to reach During altitudes to UNIS. The BACC ( ) below 100 km where the atmospheric density rapidly project is starting to grow, forming a constellation of increases with decreasing height. Pulsating aurora is a low cost, high sensitive all-sky color cameras monitoring common type of aurora and has a large spatial extent, so the aurora oval at multiple sites. Two camera stations it is likely that its effect in depleting mesospheric ozone is newhave stations already arebeen under tested construction, at KHO (2015-2017) by the Finnish and in Ny-Ålesund (2016-2017) by the University of Oslo. Two northern Finland. The plan is to utilize existing auroral significant. borealMeteorological infrastructure Institute to create(FMI), ain constellation Kevo and Muonio of in cameras. The ionosphere/magnetosphere section developed a new experiment using the Svalbard EISCAT and SuperDARN radars in a synchronized pattern to observe a common capfield ionosphere of view in the and ionosphere. map any temperature The experiment or density goal withThe space the Centre physics for group Autonomous is also involvedMarine Operations in instrument and was to observe narrow flow channels inside the polar Systemsdesign, development and construction. In cooperation changes inside those flows, something which has not (AMOS) at NTNU, a small, lightweight, push- been achieved before. The group also published a study andbroom test Hyper a new Spectral prototype Imager for CubeSat (HSI) has satellites been constructed aimed at on a prolonged sequence of equatorward moving arc for drone operations. The next step is to design, develop structures in the dusk-side auroral oval over Svalbard. The detailed analysis provides the first direct assessment detecting various oceanic targets. of the energy loss suffered by the wave field due to both
April 2017: AGF-211 Air–Ice–Sea Interaction I course cruise. Photo: Mikko Syrjäsuo/UNIS. ANNUAL REPORT 2017 | 31
GRADUATES 2017
PHD DEGREE:
XIANG-CAI CHEN ÅSMUND SKJÆVELAND UNIS and dynamics using simultaneous ground-based optical and University of Oslo A study of dayside open/closedUNIS and field University line boundary of Oslo Energy inputs and upflow motion in the cusp. ( ). HFSTEFAN radar MUCKENHUBERobservations. ( ). High resolution sea ice monitoring using space borne Synthetic Aperture Radar. (University of Bergen, UNIS and Nansen Environmental Sensing Centre).
MASTER DEGREE:
KARL BOLMGREN KRISTIAN REED
KTH Royal University of Bergen TimeInstitute dependence of Technology, of average Sweden structure and UNIS size and andStudy UNIS of meso-scale reersed flow events in the polar precipitation energy in pusating aurora. ( ionosphere by SuperDARN radars. ( NATALIE FORSETH ). MARKUS). RICHTER Norwegian University of Life Sciences and UNIS The structuring of high latitude aurora. ( Snow mechanicalUniversity properties of Göttingen and risk and of UNIS avalanche LÉA OLIVIER ). triggering derived from measures of snow penetration resistance.LAURA SWINKELS ( ). Spitsbergen Shelf. École Normale Supérieure, Paris and Stress distribution calculations through a snow slab of UNISCoastal current and shelf-fjord interaction on the West ( University of Tromsø and UNIS ). varying hardness; comparison with stability evaluation in the field. ( ). 32 | ANNUAL REPORT 2017 ARCTIC TECHNOLOGY
April 2017: AT-211 Ice Mechanics, Loads on Structures and Instrumentation course cruise with the Governor of Svalbard’s vessel “Polarsyssel”. Photo: Sebastian Sikora/UNIS. ANNUAL REPORT 2017 | 33
BY ARNE AALBERG, HEAD OF DEPARTMENT The Arctic Technology (AT) department offers courses and conducts research within two fields: Arctic Engineering concentrates on engineering problems to be tackled when settling in the Arctic environment: frozen ground that may be subject to landslides and avalanches, Arctic offshore oil and gas exploitation and potable water supply. Arctic Environmental Technology concentrates on current and potential pollution problems, environmental impacts and feasible remediation techniques in Arctic areas.
PEOPLE In 2017, the department consisted of two professors, one associate professor, one research associate, one postdoc, staff with six professors and one engineer. two PhD candidates, one staff engineer, and an adjunct EDUCATION goodThe research opportunity activities to study generate both the material theoretical closely and practicallinked to theaspects courses of Arctic at all technology,levels, giving engineering students a and offered altogether 23 courses at the bachelor, master and environmental technology. In 2017, the department some new and popular topics such as plastics in the PhD level. Environmental toxicology teaching included beachmarine samples. environment. Findings Students and method conducted demonstration a survey to were qualify and quantify micro plastics from Longyearbyen presented at the UNIS Open Day which was well attended RESEARCHby the Longyearbyen community. The Arctic Technology Department had a wide portfolio offshore engineering, marine technology, geotechnics, of research activities in 2017, within ice mechanics and hydrology/hydromechanics. environmental chemistry, snow engineering, and Ice mechanics and offshore engineering The research group consisted of one full time professor associate and one postdoc were part of the group through and two adjunct professors. In addition, one research external projects. One master student finished in 2017.
The group conducted fieldwork and data collection at various sites around Svalbard; Van Mijenfjorden (Sveabukta) and in the Barents Sea Opening, focusing on 34 | ANNUAL REPORT 2017
ice strength properties, ice drift patterns, drag forces the Arctic structures, e.g., offshore structures and ice- going ships. In the laboratory, the group performed microstructure characterization analysis of sea ice fastand energyice were flux performed to drift ice, together ice rubble with structure, the group andfrom the iceberg studies. Field studies of wave damping by land ice zone of drift ice was formulated and adopted for the pathfloe samples and microscopic where fracture analysis, cracks and thickrun through. sectioning Thin University of Oslo. A model of wave damping in marginal forsectioning constructing was done the crackfor a detailed surface. viewThis workof the will crack
North-West Barents Sea. between fracture energy and surface energy in ice, as provide a more in-depth understanding of the mismatch fromExperiments the Russian on scour Research strudel Center formation in Barentsburg. were conducted in Sveabukta, in cooperation with the group alsoon the performed microscopic large-scale level, the ice crack rubble surface thermodynamic is far from Akselsundet were performed according to the request of the plane due to crack branching. Moreover, the group Field investigation and modelling of tidal currents in consolidation experiment over the season, to further the port captain in Svea. develop the knowledge of thermodynamic scaling of Sustainable first-year ice ridges. Ice rubble field was built in-situ in ArcticAT adjunct Marine professor and Coastal Sveinung Technology Løset is the director of the February and the development of its thermodynamic professorCentre for Aleksey Excellence Marchenko in Innovation is leader project of work package 1 and mechanical properties was observed. At the end of (SAMCOT). AT the field season, ice fracture test was performed in the Researchconsolidated associate rubble Nataly providing Marchenko interesting continued results. laser (WP1), while postdoc Aleksey Shestov is deputy leader.
The SAMCoT WP1group performed fieldwork to ofscanning transport (RIEGL infrastructure, VZ1000) and airport creating runway 3D models and of investigate properties of drift ice on Spitsbergenbanken roadsice rubbles, in the floestown, and to assesssamples deformations and started occurringscanning and further to Bjørnøya, a region interesting for offshore from permafrost degradation for later maintenance Informationdevelopment. about Sea ice ice occasionally properties and drifting drift inpatterns the region is optimization. The data collected by the ice mechanics usefulcan influence potential engineering risk estimates. structures and navigation. group, including measurements in the Barents Sea, are gathered in a special Geographical Information System, Full-scale tests on ice strength in tension, compression,
the online version SAMCoT GIS. bending and indentation were performed in Sveabukta, the group: Van Mijenfjorden. Deformed sea ice structure was Other international research and education projects in ofstudied models by describing thin section ice-structure analysis in-situ interaction just after and the FIMA tests. Obtained results are used for the validation (2015-2017) in partnership with NTNU, State identification of scale effect in ice loads on structures. Research Oceanographic Institute (Moscow, Russia), and campaign.Scientists from CRREL, Osaka University, and Lomonosov Petromaks2VNIIGAZ Gazprom Waves in(Moscow, Oil and IceRussia). Moscow State University participated in the field The group also performed laboratory tests on frozen (WOICE) (2015-2017) in soils saturated with fresh or saline water, to better SITRAcollaboration with the University of Oslo. temperature. The formation of thermal contraction (2015-2018) in cooperation with Memorial cracksunderstand is directly how these connected behave with under the cyclic thermal changes expansion/ of University of Newfoundland (Canada), Dartmouth College contraction of frozen soils. This knowledge is necessary (USA), University of Alaska (USA), Lomonosov Moscow for the design of engineering structures in the coastal State University and Moscow University of Physics and zone of the northern seas. MARPARTTechnology, www.marpart.no (Russia). , Maritime Preparedness and International Partnership in the High North in successfully in March 2017, as part of a four-year Large-scale sea ice fracture tests were conducted collaboration with Nord University (Norway), University properties of sea ice by performing splitting tests on of Greenland, University of Iceland, Northern (Arctic) campaign (2015-2018) aiming to studying the fracture Federal University Arkhangelsk and Murmansk State GeotechnicsTechnical University (Russia). lightlarge to ice the floes fracture of various properties sizes at of different sea ice, whose loading exact rates at This research group consists of one full time professor, Svea (Vallunden Lagoon). The measured data shall shed 20 years now. Being able to characterize the fracture master students this year. propertiesvalue has been of sea under ice will academic enable debate us to calculate for more more than one adjunct professor and one technician, with two accurately how much force is needed to fracture an Norwegian Geo Test Site The development of the Research Council of Norway ice floe, which in turn gives better insight in designing (RCN) supported (NGTS) field ANNUAL REPORT 2017 | 35
April 2017: The underwater drone «BluEye», developed by NTNU (AMOS), is tested in Van Mijenfjorden. Photo: Martin Ludvigsen/UNIS.
May 2017: AT-331/831 Arctic Environmental Pollution fieldwork in Mohnbukta, on the east coast of Spitsbergen. Photo: Richard Hann/UNIS. 36 | ANNUAL REPORT 2017
oil residues simulating acute oil spill response scenario newin Adventdalen national test continued sites for insand, 2017, silt, to clay exist and for quick-clay. at least Professorsa 20-year period Arne Aalbergas the permafrost and Arne Instanes test site ofare the running five forfollowed molecular by six toxicology, months recovery including period. a wide In panel the past of stress, year, genotoxic,the research epigenetic, in this area and has endocrine developed control working genes methods for sampling and analysis were performed, and laboratory gene expression studies in Polar and Atlantic cod. Further programmesthis activity from conducted UNIS. Drilling,for determining instrumenting, mechanical soil and thermal properties of frozen soils. links and collaborations with environmental chemistry Monitoring of Arctic researchers from the EnviTox program at NTNU were Infrastructures established, providing a solid basis for research bids, The RCN supported 3-year project Hydromechanicsprojects, and master and students Hydrology in the coming years. (MONARC) started its first year. The project aims are to investigate effects of warming climate on structures and foundations in Svalbard. Participants position.This research The group group represents consists of UNISone adjunct in the international professor, are Sintef, UNIS, Moscow State University, Trust with activity supportedWater by Management part of a full inprofessor Cold Climates Arcticugol (Barentsburg/Moscow) and Store Norske andSpitsbergen characterization Grubekompani were performed, (SNSK). Building and foundation survey programmenetworking projectfunded by the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign and foundation levelling to observe future settlements Affairs.(“Water Participating Magic”, 2016-2017). institutions This isare a “Highthe Norwegian North” marks placed on several building foundations in piles in Pyramiden, Barentsburg, Svea and Longyearbyen. University of Life Sciences (lead); Qingdao Technological Impact of changing climate on infrastructure University (China); Seoul National University (South inAnother Longyearbyen: project by Stability Sintef, ofSNSK foundations and Longyearbyen on slope terrain Korea); Hokkaido University (Japan), University of Lokalstyre is British Columbia (Canada), University of Washington on soil in the slopes and numerical simulations of (USA), and UNIS. The main activities in 2017 have been – case study (FST), where experimental investigations project student and teacher exchange. A seven day 5 performed. The aim is to become able to predict slope organizedECTS specialized by the ATcourse department “Water Management and the Norwegian in Climate temperature development in the frozen ground were Change” with 65 participants was held at UNIS in June, a textbook on water management in cold climates. Environmentalstability around Longyearbyenchemistry in the future. University of Life Sciences. The project is also developing The research group consisted of one full time associate Marine technology professor, two adjunct professorsPerfluoroalkyl and one PhD candidate. This group consists of one adjunct professor position, substancesThe group hassources participated and distribution in several in Ny-Ålesund projects, including shared by two persons. The group activity is closely the investigationNetwork programme for capacity on building in water surfacelinked to and the in Centre the air. of Excellence AMOS at NTNU, and sanitation and health in the Arctic Reducing (funded working with autonomous vehicles underwater, on the theby Kings impact Bay), of fluorinated compounds on the environment and human health (NorCan) and Together with the AB project FAABOLOUS a field (PFOslo). Two master students finished campaign was carried out in van Mijenfjorden deploying hormonetheir theses homeostasis in 2017. A PhDof Glaucous project gulls.and a InMaster a Master project an AUV for under ice operations in April 2017. The AUV thesishave investigated in collaboration the effects with NTNU, of PFAS concentrations on the thyroid of REMUS, owned and operated by NTNU AUR-Lab, was deployed for two successful under ice dives. The vehicle carried sonars and water column sensors, and LBL essential and toxic elements in reindeer feces have been Asnavigation a preparation beacons to thewere Nansen installed Legacy under program, the ice. examined to investigate possible antropogenic pollution in Longyearbyen, Adventdalen and Kapp Linné. AUVs were deployed in Adventfjorden, Billefjorden theThe effects Environmental of sub marine Waste deposition Management of mine (EWMA) tailings project and Tempelfjorden in collaboration with the course wastecompleted on early its experimental life stages of workAtlantic into cod, investigating conducting AT-334. Two vehicles were deployed, one for seabed concentrationinvestigations toand Chlorophyll, one for upper and water used columnas a proxy work. for The mixing in Isfjorden was measured together with the a large two-month exposure of embryos and larvae wein collaboration conducted a molecularwith Akvaplan-niva toxicology and study the looking UiT the at primary production. The seabed of the glacial fjords was endocrineArctic University disruption of Norway. in maturing As part polar of a cod master exposed project to also mapped and in Tempelfjorden interesting features were discovered in the area close to the Murdoch Hole. ANNUAL REPORT 2017 | 37
GRADUATES 2017
PHD DEGREE:
RENAT YULMETOV
UNIS and NTNU Observations and Numerical Simulations of Icebergs in Broken Ice. ( )
MASTER DEGREE:
ANNE-NIEKOLAI HEIJKOOP ARTEM NESTEROV Temperature deformations of frozen soils in the TU Delft and St. Petersburg UNISSea ice subjected to cyclic compression: laboratory Polytechnical University and UNIS experiments and a dislocation based model. ( foundations of hydrotechnical structures. ( CAROLINE). HUBER MARTE SUNDBY NYBO ).
NTNU and UNIS NTNU and UNIS Study of Long Range Transported Pollutants in Arctic An experimental study of unfrozen water content in fine- JANSoil. ARE( JACOBSEN ). KRISTINgrained permafrost SUNDBY soils. ( ). Determination of nitrated and oxygenated polycyclic NMBU and UNIS aromatic hydrocarbons in arctic air by GC/NICI-MS. Måling av snøsig i et snødekke i den sentrale delen av NTNU and UNIS PERNILLESvalbard, Spitsbergen. KVERNLAND ( ). ( ).
Do levels of per and poly-fluoroalkylatedNTNU and UNIS substances (PFASs) in snow bunting eggs increase with proximity to airports in Svalbard. ( ).
April 2017: Waves in beautiful pancake ice in the Barents Sea. Photo: Aleksey Shestov/UNIS. 38 | ANNUAL REPORT 2017 STUDENT COUNCIL
February 2017: Students building “cantennas”; small antenna radars built out of old metal boxes. Photo: Anja Strømme/UNIS.
BY MARIANNE S. TJOMSLAND AND PATRICK CASEY, STUDENT COUNCIL LEADERS 2017/2018
elected members which form the local student democracy.The UNIS Student In addition, Council the (SC) leaders consists of the of threethirteen the Norwegian Student Organization and the Arctic permanent student groups: Bruktikken, the Ski and Bike secondWelfare task Organization is to support in Tromsø student are social maintained life by running in order to obtain a high quality learning environment. The groups. Students are also encouraged to engage with the Workshop (SBW) and the Student Equipment (SE), are activity groups and organizing social events via activity body.invited In to general, the SC meetings.the SC has Studentfour main representatives responsibilities. are by the SC are open to the whole town. The third role is elected at the beginning of every semester by the student Longyearbyen community and several events organized
The first one is the representation within political and the administration of the student welfare in Svalbard. UNISadministrative board. They structures: bring students SC members suggestions, are part opinions of the Students are provided with different kinds of equipment andUNIS demands leader group, forward, the Educationaltake part in discussionsCommittee andand the and service offers. Finally, the SC works to improve the newliving students situation getting for students. started This in town is achieved and running by close the second-handcooperation with shop Arctic Bruktikken. Welfare Organization, helping vote from the students’ perspective. Close contact and collaboration with the Student Parliament in Tromsø, ANNUAL REPORT 2017 | 39
May 2017: UNIS students gathered at Skjæringa after partaking in the 17th of May parade. Photo: Nina Elisabeth Hansen/UNIS.
July 2017: Students find an important message on Longyearbreen…. October 2017: Contemplation while on the AGF-214 Polar Ocean Photo: Lise Øvreås/UNIS. Climate course cruise. Photo: Inger Lise Næss/UNIS. 40 | ANNUAL REPORT 2017
Korkpenger Student life in Svalbard would not be the same without funding starting from next year. Funding received from semesters,its social activities. including, The baking, students hiking, organized board games,themselves party, Ski and Bike amounted Workshop to 59 000 NOK. photography,in many different cannonball, activity frisbee,groups throughoutknitting, igloo-building, the Poor communication has affected the administration of techno-music and skiing-groups.
SBW and has caused confusion with respect to finances we were informed that 90% of the budget had been inand the distribution leadership ofthan tasks. semester/short-term Our (SBW and SC) studentsmain spentWhen bythe the SC springfor fall semester semester students. 2017 was As established, a result, a conclusion is that SBW needs a higher grade of continuity
60/40 between the spring/summer semester and the reachcan provide. them. A discussion for the future of the SBW is new routine has been established that divides the funds necessary to review its goals and the appropriate path to funds from being spent within the spring semester. All Student Equipment fall semester. This prevents an unfair distribution of the of fall 2017 semester. Additionally, we were informed a of this lead to very restricted spending in the first part Statistics are now being kept of what items SE runs out of and how frequently. All purchases must be preapproved lostfew weeksif it was before not spent Christmas by the thatend ofthere the wassemester. over 40 These 000 by the SC if the cost is more than 1000 NOK. For larger NOK (40% of the budget) left in our account that would be purchases, we ask for offers and the best one (keeping in mind quality of the product) is approved by the treasurer, excess funds went to Student Equipment and were used plannedwho approves to prioritize it in collaboration purchasing withsleeping the SC.bags This and year skiing we to repair broken sleeping bags, buying new avalanche shoes.have replaced broken ropes, fixed skins for skis and have Abeacons, lack of economicalprobes and routines,shovels. guidelines for budgets, allocations etc., has become apparent, and a set of usable Student Housing Kitchens
SC money is spent on things that is of the interest of the responsibilities between SC and Samskipnaden entireguidelines the student have been body. established to reassure that the 2017 was the first year with a new division of
electricalconcerning equipment the inventory in the of kitchens. the student Due kitchens. to this it SC’s has responsibilities have been reduced to only the smaller As a continuation of this, a reviewing of the economical necessary.and administrative There has routines been an of issue the threeof non-students permanent being been necessary to make an inventory list of what should student groups (Bruktikken, SBW, and SE) became Studentbe in each Housing kitchen/floor/barrack of the student housing. restrictions on this, where all participants and leaders The housing situation has been a challenge for leaders of the SBW and SE groups. UNIS has reinforced Samskipnaden due to a lack of rooms. This has made it trainmust thehave new an activeleader. student status. The exception is for a 2-3-week period where a previous student leader can necessary for students to move several times within a Bruktikken stay/semester here. This is disruptive for the ones forced to move, but this is a temporary solution as new student excepthousing for is abeing few daysplanned during on Elvesletta.the Christmas Little Holidays. snow fall aboutBruktikken’s this issue. activity Resulting has increased from this exponentially, article, Sparebank but Therethis winter has been has renderedclose collaboration no evacuations with Samskipnaden necessary, in the funds have not. Svalbardposten was contacted designing the new student housing.
1 gave a gift of 25 000 NOK and a positive signal from the Longyearbyen Community Council about increased ANNUAL REPORT 2017 | 41
August 2017: A polar fox (Vulpes lagopus) has found something interesting to chew on… Photo: Tina Dahl/UNIS. 42 | ANNUAL REPORT 2017
SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS 2017 Scientific publications (NVI level 1 and 2) published with UNIS as author address in journals accepted by the Norwegian Association of Higher Education Institutions (UHR).
Olaussen, S., Pedersen, J. H., & Christoffersen, K. S. Abay,Mesozoic T. B., sedimentary Karlsen, D. A., rocks Lerch, in Spitsbergen: B., organic ecosystemsBarta, B., Mouillet, in the tropical C., Espinosa, high Andes.R., Andino, Hydrobiologia P., Jacobsen,, 14. D., doi: geochemical& Backer-Owe, characterization K. (2017). Migrated and implications petroleum in for outcropping regional http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-017-3428-4 (2017). Glacial-fed and paramo lake exploration. Journal of Petroleum Geology,
40(1), 5-36. doi: Trofaier, A. M. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpg.12662 Olaussen, S., & Backer- ofBartsch, ground-fast A., Pointner, lake ice. G., Frontiers Leibman, in M. Earth O., Dvornikov, Science, 5, 16.Y. A., doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2017.00012Khomutov, A. V., & (2017). Circumpolar mapping Abay, T. B., Karlsen, D. A., Pedersen, J. H., Owe, K. (2017). Thermal maturity, hydrocarbonPetroleum potential Geoscience and, Lorentzen, 25.kerogen doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/petgeo2017-035 type of some Triassic-Lower Cretaceous sediments D. A. from the SW Barents Sea and Svalbard. responseBelakhovsky, to the V. interplanetaryB., Pilipenko, V. shockA., Sakharov, on January Y. A., 24, 2012. Earth Reinardy, H. Planets, & andSamsonov, Space, S. N. (2017). Geomagnetichttp://dx.doi.org/10.1186/ and ionospheric s40623-017-0696-1 exposedAguirre-Martínez, to pharmaceutical G. V., mixtures:, ImplicationsMartin-Diaz, forM. L., & 69(105), 25. doi: Henry, T. B. (2017). ResponseEcotoxicology of gene and expression Environmental in zebrafish Safety, 142, Nick, F. M., Cook, S., 471-479. doi: Hulton, N. R. J. environmental risk. Benn, D., Åström, J. A., Zwinger, T., Todd, J., http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.04.038Ericson, Y. from discrete element, & Luckman, and continuum A. (2017). model Melt-under-cutting simulations. and Journalbuoyancy-driven of Glaciology, calving from tidewater glaciers:http://dx.doi. new insights Anderson, L. G., Ek, J., , Humborg, C.,Biogeosciences, Semiletov, I., 1811-1823.Sundbom, M., doi: & http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1811-2017Ulfsbo, A. (2017). Export of calcium carbonate 63(240), 691-702. doi: corrosive waters from the East Siberian Sea. 14(7), org/10.1017/jog.2017.41 Andersson, A., Falck, E., Sjöblom, A. Prokop, A. Bernard, E., Friedt, J., Tolle, F., Griselin, M., Marlin, C., & Geophysical Research Letters,, Kljun, N. C., Sahlée, E., photogrammetry. (2017). Photogrammetric Investigating snowpack Record, volumes and icing doi:Omar, A., & Rutgersson, A. (2017). Air-sea gas transfer in high doi:dynamics http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/phor.12217 in the moraine of an Arctic catchment using UAV Arctic fjords. 44(5), 2519-2526. 32(160), 497-512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016GL072373 Beumer, L. T., Varpe, Ø.
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Alaei Behzad Rocksource Exploration Norway Andresen Steinar Fridtjof Nansen Institute, Norway Alexanderson Helena Lund University, Sweden BerntsenBrekke RonaldHarald UiTNorwegian The Arctic Petroleum University Directorate of Norway Ballantyne Colin University of St. Andrews, UK Bluhm Bodil UiT The Arctic University of Norway Benediksson Ivar University of Iceland Bingham Robert University of Edinburgh, UK Broms Fredrik Akvaplan-Niva, Norway Brian Micheal British Antarctic Survey Convey Peter British Antarctic Survey Briner Jason P. University of Buffalo, USA Cooper Elisabeth UiT The Arctic University of Norway Eckerstorfer Markus Norut Northern Research Institute, Norway Coulson Steve Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Eiken Trond University of Oslo, Norway Cusa Marine UiT The Arctic University of Norway Forwick Matthias UiT The Arctic University of Norway Daase Malin UiT The Arctic University of Norway Grundvåg Sten-Andreas UiT The Arctic University of Norway Davidsen Jan Norwegian University of Science and Technology Hasiotis Stephen University of Kansas, USA Degen Renate University of Vienna, Austria Hendrikx Jordy Montana State University, USA Dunlop Katherine Akvaplan-Niva, Norway Hogan Kelly Anne University of Cambridge, UK Ehrich Dorothee UiT The Arctic University of Norway Huss Matthias University of Freiburg, Germany Forsström Laura Academy of Finland HynekHusum BernhardKatrine ZAMG,Norwegian Austria Polar Institute Forwick Matthias UiT The Arctic University of Norway Huwald Wolf EPFL, Switzerland Geoffroy Maxime UiT The Arctic University of Norway Gjøsæter Harald Institute of Marine Research, Norway Irvine-Fynn Tristram Aberystwyth University, UK HansenHerstad BrageBente NorwegianNorad, Norway University of Science and Technology Kirchner Nina Stockholm University, Sweden Hart Tom University of Oxford, UK Kjær Knut Natural History Museum of Denmark Larsen Eiliv Geological Survey of Norway Janik Vincent University of St. Andrews, UK Lecomte Isabelle NORSAR, Norway Khaitov Vadim Saint Petersburg State University, Russia Licciardi Joseph University of New Hampshire, USA Kruusmaa Maarja Tallin University of Technology, Estonia MoholdtMcNabb GeirRobert NorwegianUniversity of Polar Oslo, Institute Norway Lee Hanna Uni Research Climate, Norway Mertes Jordan Michigan Technological University, USA Logares Haurie Ramiro Institute of Marine Sciences, Spain Lydersen Christian Norwegian Polar Institute Murton Julian University of Sussex, UK Majaneva Sanna Trondheim Biological Station, Norway Nowak Aga Sheffield University, UK Merkel Benjamin Norwegian Polar Institute Nøttvedt Arvid Christian Michelsen Research, Norway Müller Eike Randsfjordmuseene AS, Norway O’Regan Matt Stockholm University, Sweden Norgren Petter Norwegian University of Science and Technology Osmundsen Per Terje Geological Survey of Norway Potts Tavis ScottishProgramme, Association Norway for Marine Science, UK Porter Philip University of Hertfordshire, UK Reiersen Lars-Otto Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Prieme Anders University of Copenhagen, Denmark Riis Fridtjof Norwegian Petroleum Directorate Riis Tenna University of Aarhus, Denmark Riverman Kiya Penn State University, USA Sabacka Marie University of Bristol, UK SchekulinRoof ClemensSteven AustrianHampshire Federal College, Railways USA Salonen Ari University of Helsinki, Finland Sannel Britta Stockholm University, Sweden Sander Gunnar UiT The Arctic University of Norway Simonelli Anne-Laure University of Bergen, Norway Schomacker Anders UiT The Arctic University of Norway Soule Jonathan Universitety of Bergen, Norway Schrott Lothar University of Bonn, Germany Strøm Hallvard Norwegian Polar Institute Spielhagen Robert GEOMAR, Germany Svenning Martin Norwegian Institute for Nature Research Svendsen John Inge University of Bergen, Norway SøliTomkiewicz GeirStanley UniversityTelonics Inc., of Oslo,USA Norway Thompson Sarah Swansea University, UK Sørensen Asgeir Norwegian University of Science and Technology Tveranger Jan Centre for Integrated Petroleum Research, Norway Werner Alan Mount Holyoke College, USA Ulfstein Geir University of Oslo, Norway Winsborrow Monica UiT The Arctic University of Norway Vacquie Garcia Jade Norwegian Polar Institute Yde Jacob Western Norway University of Applied Sciences Vogedes Daniel UiT The Arctic University of Norway von Quillfeldt Cecilie Norwegian Polar Institute WalløeZielke LarsMatthias UniversityTroms County of Oslo, Council, Norway Norway Westergaard Kristine B. Norwegian Institute for Nature Research
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