Complete List of Contents Volume 1 Contents...... v Bipolar disorder and addiction...... 84 Publisher’s Note...... vii Birth defects and alcohol...... 86 Editor’s Introduction...... ix Birth defects and drug use...... 89 Contributors...... xi Birth defects and smoking...... 90 Complete List of Contents...... xv Blood alcohol content (BAC)...... 92 Body modification addiction...... 93 Abstinence-based treatment...... 1 Brain changes with addiction...... 96 Addiction...... 2 Bupropion...... 99 Addiction medications...... 4 Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Addictive personality...... 8 Firearms and Explosives (ATF)...... 101 Adolescents and alcohol misuse...... 10 Caffeinated alcoholic drinks...... 103 Adolescents and drug misuse...... 13 Caffeine addiction...... 104 Adolescents, young adults and smoking ...... 15 Caffeine’s effects on the body...... 106 Adult children of alcoholics...... 17 Canada’s drug strategy (CDS)...... 109 Advertising for alcohol...... 18 Cancer and substance misuse...... 110 Advertising for tobacco products...... 21 Cannabis-induced psychosis...... 113 Aerosols addiction...... 23 Celebrities and substance misuse...... 116 Age and addiction...... 25 Center for Substance Abuse Alcohol misuse ...... 27 Prevention (CSAP)...... 119 Alcohol misuse: The Michigan Alcoholism Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (CSAT)..... 119 Screening Test (MAST)...... 35 Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Alcoholics Anonymous: The Twelve Steps ...... 36 (CAMH)...... 121 Alcohol poisoning...... 39 Children and behavioral addictions...... 122 Alcohol’s effects on the body...... 41 China white...... 124 Alternative therapies for addiction...... 45 Choking game...... 125 Amphetamine misuse...... 47 Chronic bronchitis...... 126 Anabolic steroids...... 48 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)..... 128 Anesthesia misuse...... 51 Cigarettes and cigars...... 129 Anhedonia...... 52 Cirque Lodge...... 132 Antabuse...... 53 Cleanliness addiction...... 134 Anticholinergics...... 54 Closing the Addiction Treatment Gap (CATG).... 136 Anxiety...... 55 Club drugs...... 137 Anxiety medication misuse...... 57 Cocaine Anonymous...... 139 Autoerotic asphyxiation...... 59 Cocaine use disorder...... 141 Baclofen...... 61 Codeine...... 143 Barbiturates...... 62 Codependency...... 144 Behavioral addictions: Overview...... 64 Coffee...... 146 Behavioral addictions: Treatment...... 68 Cognitive-behavioral therapy for addictions Behavioral Disorders in the DSM-5: Disruptive, & substance misuse...... 147 Impulse-Control and Conduct Disorders...... 72 College and substance misuse...... 148 Behavioral therapies for addictions...... 75 Compulsions...... 150 Benzodiazepine misuse...... 77 Compulsive gambling...... 152 Betty Ford Center, The Hazelden Betty Ford Computer addiction...... 154 Foundation...... 80 Conduct disorders...... 158 Binge drinking...... 81 Controlled Substances Act...... 160 xv Salem Health: Addictions, Substance Abuse & Alcoholism
Controlled substances and Fentanyl...... 253 precursor chemicals...... 162 Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)...... 255 Co-occurring disorders...... 163 Flashbacks...... 256 Cough and cold medications addiction...... 165 Food addiction...... 258 Crack...... 167 Gamblers Anonymous...... 261 Crime and behavioral addictions...... 168 Gambling addiction...... 262 Crime and substance misuse...... 171 Gaming addiction...... 265 Cross-addiction...... 173 Gasoline (substance of misuse)...... 268 Cutting and self-mutilation...... 175 Gateway drugs...... 269 D.A.R.E. (Drug Abuse Resistance Education)..... 177 Gender and addiction...... 270 Date rape drugs...... 179 Genetics and substance misuse...... 273 Debtors Anonymous...... 180 GHB (Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid)...... 275 Decriminalization of drugs in the United States..... 182 Government warnings for addictive substances...... 278 Dependence...... 184 Group therapy for behavioral addictions...... 280 Depressants misuse...... 186 Group therapy for substance misuse...... 282 Depression...... 188 Halfway houses...... 285 Designated drivers...... 191 Hallucinogen misuse...... 286 Designer drugs...... 192 Hallucinogen’s effects on the body...... 288 Detoxification and substance misuse...... 194 Harm reduction...... 290 Dextroamphetamine...... 197 Hashish...... 292 Dextromethorphan...... 197 Hazelden Foundation...... 293 Diagnosis methods...... 198 Health disparities and substance misuse...... 295 DMT...... 201 Heart attacks and substance misuse...... 298 Domestic violence and addiction...... 202 Heroin...... 300 Dopamine and addiction...... 205 History of addiction...... 303 Drug misuse and addiction: Overview...... 206 HIV/AIDS and substance misuse...... 306 Drug misuse and addiction: Hoarding...... 310 In depth...... 208 Homelessness and addiction...... 312 Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)...... 212 Household chemicals of misuse...... 314 Drug interactions...... 213 Hydrocodone...... 316 Drug paraphernalia...... 215 Impulse control disorders...... 318 Drug testing...... 216 Inhalants misuse...... 320 Drugged driving...... 221 Insurance for addiction treatment...... 323 Drunk driving...... 222 Internet addiction...... 324 DSM-5: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Intervention...... 328 Mental Disorders...... 225 Intoxication...... 330 DSM-5: Criteria for substance use disorders...... 227 Intravenous drug use & Economic impact of addiction...... 230 blood-borne diseases...... 331 Education about substance misuse...... 233 Jail diversion programs...... 335 Emergency treatment...... 236 Just Say No campaign...... 337 Emetic misuse...... 238 Ketamine...... 339 Emphysema...... 239 Kleptomania...... 340 Ephedrine...... 241 Laryngeal cancer...... 342 Esophageal cancer...... 242 Law enforcement and drugs...... 343 Ethanol addiction...... 244 Laxative misuse...... 346 Exercise addiction...... 245 Legislation and substance misuse...... 348 Families and behavioral addictions...... 247 Leukoplakia...... 350 Families and substance misuse...... 250 Librium...... 351
xvi Complete List of Contents
Liver disease and alcohol use...... 352 LSD...... 356 Love and relationship addiction...... 354 Lung cancer...... 358
Volume 2 Contents...... v Nicotine replacement products...... 425 Complete List of Contents...... vii Nitrazepam...... 427 Nitrous oxide...... 428 Marijuana...... 361 Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)...... 429 Marriage/partnership and alcoholism...... 364 Opioid epidemic...... 431 Marriage/partnership and Opioid misuse...... 434 behavioral addictions...... 366 Opium...... 435 Marriage/partnership and Overdose...... 437 substance misuse...... 368 Overeaters Anonymous...... 441 MDMA...... 370 Over-the-counter drugs of misuse...... 442 Media and behavioral addictions...... 372 Oxycodone...... 445 Media and smoking...... 374 Pain addiction...... 447 Media and substance misuse...... 377 Painkiller misuse...... 448 Medical marijuana...... 379 Panic disorders and addiction...... 451 Meditation, alcohol, substance misuse and Paraphilias...... 453 addictions...... 381 Parenting and alcohol misuse...... 455 Memory loss and substance misuse...... 383 Parenting and behavioral addictions...... 457 Men and behavioral addictions...... 384 Parenting and substance misuse...... 460 Men and smoking...... 386 PCP...... 462 Men and substance misuse...... 389 Peer pressure...... 464 Mental illness and addiction...... 391 Phoenix House...... 466 Mescaline...... 394 Physiological dependence...... 468 Meth labs...... 395 Pipes and hookahs...... 470 Methadone...... 397 Poppers...... 472 Methamphetamine...... 398 Pornography addiction...... 474 Military and substance misuse...... 400 Post-Traumatic Stress and addiction...... 476 Minnesota model...... 403 Poverty and substance misuse...... 478 Models of addiction ...... 404 Pregnancy and alcohol...... 481 Monitoring the Future...... 406 Pregnancy and drug use...... 483 Morphine...... 408 Pregnancy and smoking...... 485 Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD)...... 409 Prescription drug addiction: Overview...... 486 Mushrooms/psilocybin...... 410 Prescription drug addiction: In depth...... 489 Naloxone...... 412 Prevention methods and research for addiction..... 493 Naltrexone...... 413 Prison and substance misuse...... 496 Narcotics Anonymous...... 414 Promises Treatment Center...... 498 Narcotics’ effects on the body...... 415 Pseudoaddiction...... 500 Narcotics misuse...... 417 Psychological dependence...... 501 National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Psychosis and substance misuse...... 502 Alcoholism (NIAAA)...... 419 Pyromania...... 504 National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)...... 420 Recovery...... 507 Newborn addicts...... 422 Recreational drugs...... 509 Nicotine addiction...... 424 Rehabilitation programs for addiction...... 511 xvii Salem Health: Addictions, Substance Abuse & Alcoholism
Relapse...... 514 Sugar addiction...... 612 Residential treatment for addiction...... 517 Suicide and addiction...... 615 Respiratory diseases and smoking...... 519 Support groups for addicts...... 617 Risk factors for addiction...... 521 Symptoms of substance misuse...... 619 Ritalin...... 526 Technology addiction...... 622 Rohypnol...... 527 Television and screen addiction...... 624 Routes of administration for drugs of misuse...... 528 Temazepam...... 626 Safe and drug-free schools...... 531 Texting addiction...... 627 Salvia divinorum...... 532 Tobacco use disorder...... 628 Schizophrenia and addiction...... 534 Tolerance...... 630 Schools and substance misuse...... 536 Tough love...... 631 Science of addiction...... 539 Tramadol...... 633 Screening for behavioral addiction...... 541 Treatment methods and research for addictions.... 634 Secondhand smoke...... 544 Trends and statistics: Alcohol misuse...... 638 Sedative-hypnotic misuse...... 545 Trends and statistics: Behavioral addictions...... 641 Self-destructive behavior and addiction...... 548 Trends and statistics: Illegal drug use...... 644 Self-medication...... 549 Trends and statistics: Prescription drug misuse..... 646 Sex addiction...... 551 Trends and statistics: Smoking ...... 649 Sexual assault and alcohol use...... 553 Twelve-step programs ...... 651 Sexual assault and drug use...... 555 Twelve-step programs for family and friends...... 654 Sexual stimulant misuse...... 557 Valium...... 657 Shopping/spending addiction...... 558 Veterans and addiction...... 658 Slang...... 560 Vicodin and Norco...... 660 Sleeping pills addiction...... 562 War on Drugs...... 663 Smokeless tobacco...... 565 Withdrawal...... 664 Smoking ...... 568 Women and behavioral addictions...... 665 Smoking cessation...... 571 Women and smoking...... 668 Smoking cessation for older adults...... 573 Women and substance misuse...... 670 Smoking’s effects on the body...... 573 Work addiction...... 673 Sober living environments...... 576 Work issues and behavioral addictions...... 675 Social media addiction ...... 577 Work issues and substance misuse...... 677 Socioeconomic status and addiction...... 579 Solvent misuse...... 581 Appendixes Soma...... 583 Glossary...... 683 Sponsorship for addicts...... 584 General Bibliography...... 695 Steroid misuse...... 586 Web Site Directory...... 733 Stigma of addiction...... 589 Substances of Misuse List and Cross References..... 742 Stigmatizing language ...... 590 Pharmaceutical Treatments...... 748 Stimulant misuse...... 592 Alcohol Withdrawal Medications...... 748 Stimulants’ effects on the body...... 594 Treatment Centers and Programs...... 754 Stress and alcohol...... 595 Addictions Support Groups and Organizations.... 760 Stress and drug misuse...... 596 Timeline of Major Developments in Addictions Stress and smoking...... 598 and Substance Misuse...... 769 Students Against Destructive Decisions (SADD)..... 599 Suboxone...... 601 Indexes Substance misuse and addiction in the elderly.... 602 Categorical Index...... 779 Substance misuse...... 606 Subject Index...... 783 Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)...... 611 xviii