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(2): 85-89, 2010 ISSN 1995-6983 Livelihood Status of the Fish Farmers in Some Selected Areas of Tarakanda Upazila of Mymensingh District

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(2): 85-89, 2010 ISSN 1995-6983 Livelihood Status of the Fish Farmers in Some Selected Areas of Tarakanda Upazila of Mymensingh District J. Agrofor. Environ. 3 (2): 85-89, 2010 ISSN 1995-6983 Livelihood status of the fish farmers in some selected areas of Tarakanda upazila of Mymensingh district H. Ali, M.A.K. Azad1, M. Anisuzzaman, M.M.R. Chowdhury, M. Hoque and M.I. Shariful2 Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 1Char Livelihood Programme, 2Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh Abstract: This study was conducted using multiple methodological tools including participatory rural appraisal (PRA) tools and mainly questionnaire survey to assess the livelihood status of the fish farmer and socio-economic problems associated with fish farming in some selected areas of Tarakanda upazila of Mymensingh district from October 2008 to march 2009. The average pond size was 0.17 ha with seasonal (33.34%) and perennial ponds (66.66%), while 70% ponds were single and 30% multiple ownership. Most of the fish farmers were belonged to the age category of 31 to 40 years and 45% household had family members 4 to 5, represented 57.5% nuclear and 42.5% joint family. Average education level of 8.2 years schooling, while 85% Muslims and 15% Hindus. About 50% of the households were tinshed and reminder 23%, 23% and 4% were katcha, semi pucca and pucca, respectively. The average annual income of the farmers was estimated at BDT 42,500 and 90% of the farmers used their own money for farming, while 10% received loan. About 62.5% of the farmer’s were used semi-pucca sanitary and 12.5% used pucca while 25% used katcha sanitary. About 90% farmers used own tube- well while 10% used neighbors tube-well and 95% of the farmers had electricity facilities while 5% farmers did not have electricity facilities. Forty percent of the farmer's received health service from village doctors or kobiraj, 45% have access to upazila health complex, 12.5% went to MBBS doctor and 2.5% of the farmers do not take treatment due to lack of money. Lack of scientific knowledge, lack of quality seed and feed, lack of money and lack of marketing facilities for fish culture were the most important constraints. Key words: Fish farmers, livelihood status, constraints, outcomes Introduction progress in poverty elimination (Scones, 1998). Development of aquaculture has generated considerable Considering the financial hardship and other complexities employment opportunities in Bangladesh through the of the rural fish farmer, it is necessary to assess their production and marketing of fish and associated activities. livelihood status. Considering the above fact, this study About 400,000 ha of freshwater ponds/ditches and more was conducted to determine the livelihood status of the than 900,000 households are involved in aquaculture fish farmer as well as socio-economic problems associated (ADB, 2005). In Bangladesh, total aquaculture and with fish farming. fisheries production for the year 2007-2008 was above 2.56 million tones (DoF, 2009) achieving sixth rank Materials and Methods among largest aquaculture producing countries in the This study was conducted to assess the livelihood status world (FAO, 2009). According to the report of Bangladesh of the fish farmer as well as socio-economic problems Bureau of statistics (BBS, 2007) fisheries sector contribute associated with fish farming in some selected areas of to 4.64% of the total export earning and 4.11% to the gross Tarakanda upazila of Mymensingh district for a period of domestic product (GDP). About 12 million people are six months from October 2008 to march 2009. The study directly involved and labor employment has been was based on collection of primary and secondary data. increasing approximately by 3.5% annually in this sector. The final questionnaire included the questions on the Fish alone contributes about 63% of animal protein to the socio-economic characteristics such as age distribution diet of the people of country (DoF, 2007). and members of the households, family size, educational Livelihood comprises the capabilities, the assets (natural, status, occupation, income level of fish farmers, fish physical, human, financial and social capital), the pond with different of culture system, management activities and the accesses to these that together determine practices, training received, religion status, health the living gained by the individual household. A livelihood facilities, sanitary facilities, housing condition, electricity is a sustainable when it can cope with and recover from facilities etc. For collection of data, a combination of stresses and shocks and maintain or enhance its questionnaire interview, Participatory Rural Appraisal capabilities and assets both now and in future, while not (PRA) tools such as Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and undermining the natural resource base (Chambers and crosscheck interviews were conducted with fish farmer. Conway, 1992). For sustainable rural development and Necessary relevant information on the socio- economic poverty elimination, different approaches had been condition of farmer was collected from regional offices. adopted and the sustainable livelihood approach has been All the collected information were accumulated and gradually expanded with its own core and principles for analyzed by MS-Excel and then presented in textual, poverty focused development activities (DFID, 1998). The tabular and graphical forms to understand the present sustainable livelihoods framework described attention to status of the fish farming technology and the socio- five types of capital upon which fish farmer’s livelihoods economic condition of the farmer of the studied area. depends: human, natural, financial, physical and social (Scoones, 1998). The approach basically based on the Results and Discussion fundamental principle analysis of capital assets in the Livelihood status of the fish farmer: A total of 40 people context of the external environment. A sustainable were interviewed from 4 villages in Tarakanda upazilla, a livelihood is a way of thinking about the objectives, scope wide range indicators were collected in various aspects of and priorities for development, in order to enhance livelihood characteristics of the fish farmer. A detailed analysis were made on the following parameters and that most of the farmers (50%) belong to young age group presented in this section. of 31 to 40 years (Table 3). Rana (1996) in his study in Pond size: The average pond size in the study area was Sirajgong district found that 70% of the fish farmers were in the found to be 0.17 ha. The size of pond play an important age group of 18-43 years which was agreed with the present role as it may reflect the availability of capital, marginal findings. This information implies that the majority of the ability and potential to operate the resource efficiency. sample farmers were in active age group of 31-40 years Saha et al. (1995) found that the range of pond size were indicating that they provided more physical efforts for fish within 0.05 to 0.15 ha. A suitable pond size is required to farming minimize the production cost of fish farming. Table 3. Age distribution of the fish farmers in the study Type of fish pond: From the survey, it was found that area 33.34% ponds were seasonal and the remaining 66.66% Age group (year) No. of respondents Percent (%) ponds were perennial (Table 1). Saha (2004) found that 20-30 4 10 37% ponds were seasonal and 63% ponds were perennial 31-40 20 50 in Tangail sadar upazila. The water level of the perennial 41-50 13 32.5 ponds declined during dry season and remains suitable for 51-60 2 5 fish culture. On the other hand, seasonal ponds become Above 60 1 2.5 totally unsuitable for fish culture during dry season. Total 40 100 Livelihood status of the fish farmer: A total of 40 people were interviewed from 4 villages in Tarakanda upazilla, a wide range indicators were collected in various aspects of Family status: From the survey it was found that 42.5% livelihood characteristics of the fish farmer. A detailed family of the fish farmers were joint family and 57.5% analysis were made on the following parameters and family were nuclear family (Table 4). About 64% of the water presented in this section. loading station owners lived in nuclear family and the rest (36%) in joint family (Alam et al., 2009). Pond size: The average pond size in the study area was found to be 0.17 ha. The size of pond play an important role as it may reflect the availability of capital, marginal Table 4. Family status of the fish farmers in the study area ability and potential to operate the resource efficiency. Saha et al. (1995) found that the range of pond size were Family type No. of respondents Percent (%) within 0.05 to 0.15 ha. A suitable pond size is required to Joint 17 42.5 minimize the production cost of fish farming. Nuclear 23 57.5 Type of fish pond: From the survey, it was found that Total 40 100 33.34% ponds were seasonal and the remaining 66.66% ponds were perennial (Table 1). Saha (2004) found that Family size: The family sizes of the fish farmer were 37% ponds were seasonal and 63% ponds were perennial divided into four categories according to the number of the in Tangail sadar upazila. The water level of the perennial family member (Figure 1). The highest percentage was ponds declined during dry season and remains suitable for obtained in the 4 to 5 members family (45%) and lowest fish culture. On the other hand, seasonal ponds become was in the 2 to 3 members family. About 52% of the fish totally unsuitable for fish culture during dry season. farmer had 4 to 5 family members and 20% had more than 6 family members in Rajshahi district which was more or et al Table 1.
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