Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases

Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases Mycosphaerella cruenta Latham Fungi: Ascomycota: Capnodiales Compiled by CABI in association with EPPO www.cabi.org/dmpd Hosts: beans (Phaseolus) and cowpea (Vigna). Map No. 655 Edition 2 Issued April 2012

Present: national record Present: subnational record CABI/EPPO (2012) Mycosphaerella cruenta. Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases No. 655. CABI Head Office, Wallingford, UK.

ISSN 0012-396X ©CAB International 2012 CABI is a trading name of CAB International April 2012 Mycosphaerella cruenta Map No. 655 (Edition 2)

Note: Syn. Pseudocercospora cruenta (Sacc.) Deighton (anamorph); Cercospora cruenta Sacc. See CM! Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria No. 985.

Records are based on bibliographic data from the CAB ABSTRACTS database, specimens in the IMI fungus collection and plant quarantine information compiled by EPPO X: Present, no details A: Present: widespread B: Present, restricted distribution C: Present, few occurrences (D): Absent, formerly present (E): Eradicated (F): Intercepted only

ASIA Shanxi X Zhang, B. C.; Huang, Y. C. (1990) Review of Plant Pathology 69 (3), 97-118. Bangladesh XKhalil, M. I.; Jalaluddin, M. (2004) Bangladesh Journal of Plant Pathology 20, 63-66. Sichuan X Zhang, B. C.; Huang, Y. C. (1990) Review of Plant Pathology 69 (3), 97-118. Shaikh, M. A. Q.; Ahmed, Z. U.; Oram, R. N. (1988) Mungbean: Proceedings 2nd International Yunnan X Zhang, B. C.; Huang, Y. C. (1990) Review of Plant Pathology 69 (3), 97-118. Symposium, Bangkok, Thailand, 16-20 November 1987, 124-129. AVRDC, Taipei, Taiwan. Zhejiang X Zhang, B. C.; Huang, Y. C. (1990) Review of Plant Pathology 69 (3), 97-118. IMI (1976) [Dhaka]. India XHall, R. (1991) Compendium of Bean Diseases. APS Press, USA. Brunei X Braun, U.; Sivapalan, A. (1999) Fungal Diversity 3, 1-27. [Source: http://nt.ars- Lenne, J. M. (1990) Phytopathological Paper 31, 1-162. [On jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). Darussalam grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Peregrine, W. T. H.; Ahmad, K. B. (1982) Phytopathological Paper 27, 1-87. [On kidney bean Pande, A.; Rao, V. G. (1998) A Compendium of Fungi on Legumes from India. Scientific Publishers, (Phaseolus vulgaris), yardlong bean (Vigna sesquipedalis), and cowpea (V. unguiculata). Source: Jodhpur, India, 188 pp. [On jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) and Dolichos sp. Source: http://nt.ars- http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] IMI (1978). Tiwari, A.; Kotasthane, S. R. (1986) Pesticides 20 (12), 47-48. Cambodia X Litzenberger, S. C.; Farr, M. L.; Lip, H. T. (1962) A preliminary list of Cambodian Plant Diseases. Andhra Pradesh X Ram, M. R.; Mallaih, K. V. (1992) Indian Botanical Reporter 10 (1-2), 56-58. [First record on jack Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, 29 bean (Canavalia ensiformis).] pp. [On yardlong bean (Vigna sesquipedalis) and soybean (Glycine max). Source: http://nt.ars- IMI (1991) [Guntur]. grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Assam X Majid, S. (1953) Annual Report of the grow more food activities of the Department of Agriculture, BPI (1960) [Phnom Penh]; (1959) [Chamcar Krauch]. Assam, for the years 1951-52. Part II., 112 pp. China XLiu, X. J.; Guo, Y. I. (eds) (1998) Flora Fungorum Sinicorum. Vol. 9. Pseudocercospora. Science Bihar X IMI (1988) [Sheikhpur]; (1967) [Muraffarpur]; (1966) [Sabam Bhagalpur]; (1955) [Patna]. Press, Beijing, China, 474 pp. [On Canavalia sp., bonavist-bean (Dolichos lablab), Phaseolus sp., Chhattisgarh and Vigna sp. Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] X IMI (1982). Delhi X Amin, K. S.; Baldev, B.; Williams, F. J. (1976) FAO Plant Protection Bulletin 24 (2), 43-44. Teng, S. C. (1996) Fungi of China. Mycotaxon Ltd., Ithaca, NY, USA, 586 pp. [Source: http://nt.ars- grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Arya, A. K.; Agarwal, D. K.; Sarbhoy, A. K.; Mahendra Pal (1997) Indian Phytopathology 50 (2), 206- 215. Zhuang, W. Y. (ed) (2001) Higher Fungi of Tropical China. Mycotaxon Ltd., Ithaca, NY, USA, 485 pp. [On threeleaf indigo (Indigofera trifoliata). Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] BPI (1946) [New Delhi]. Zhuang, W. Y. (ed) (2005) Fungi of northwestern China. Mycotaxon Ltd., Ithaca, NY, USA, 430 pp. IMI (1970) [New Delhi]; (1932) [Pusa]. [On sweet pea (Lathyrus odoratus) and locoweed (Oxytropis ochrocephala). Source: http://nt.ars- Haryana X Arya, A. K.; Agarwal, D. K.; Sarbhoy, A. K.; Mahendra Pal (1997) Indian Phytopathology 50 (2), 206- grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] 215. [Hisar.] Fujian X Zhang, B. C.; Huang, Y. C. (1990) Review of Plant Pathology 69 (3), 97-118. Himachal Pradesh X Basandrai, D.; Basandrai, A. K.; Singh, I.; Kalia, V. (2003) Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology Guangdong X Zhang, B. C.; Huang, Y. C. (1990) Review of Plant Pathology 69 (3), 97-118. 33 (1), 56-58. Guangxi X Zhang, B. C.; Huang, Y. C. (1990) Review of Plant Pathology 69 (3), 97-118. Bhardwaj, C. L.; Thakur, B. S.; Gupta, J. C.; Kishore, K. (2005) Integrated Plant Disease Management: challenging Problems in Horticultural and Forest Pathology, Solan, India, 14-15 Hebei X Zhang, B. C.; Huang, Y. C. (1990) Review of Plant Pathology 69 (3), 97-118. November 2003, 305-309. Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur, India. Henan X Zhang, B. C.; Huang, Y. C. (1990) Review of Plant Pathology 69 (3), 97-118. Bhardwaj, C. L.; Thakur, D. R. (2000) Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 70 (3), 165-167. Hong Kong XHall, R. (1991) Compendium of Bean Diseases. APS Press, USA. Katna, G.; Rathee, V. K.; Verma, S. (2001) Himachal Journal of Agricultural Research 27 (1/2), 117- Lu, B.; Hyde, K. D.; Ho, W. H.; Tsui, K. M.; Taylor, J. E.; Wong, K. M.; Yanna; Zhou, D. (2000) 118. Checklist of Hong Kong Fungi. Fungal Diversity Press, Hong Kong, China, 207 pp. [On bonavist- Jammu and X Singh, S. K.; Gupta, B. R.; Verma, V. S. (1994) Indian Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology 24 bean (Dolichos lablab). Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Kashmir (2), 139-140. Zhuang, W. Y. (ed) (2001) Higher Fungi of Tropical China. Mycotaxon Ltd., Ithaca, NY, USA, 485 Madhya Pradesh pp. [On bonavist-bean (Dolichos lablab). Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] X IMI (1986). Manipur X IMI (1984) [Imphal]. IMI (1993) [Tai Lung Farm]; (1974) [Sheung Shui farm]; (1966) [Lan Fanshun]; (1965) [Ta Rwn Ling]. Orissa X IMI (1964) [Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology campus]. Hubei X Zhang, B. C.; Huang, Y. C. (1990) Review of Plant Pathology 69 (3), 97-118. Punjab X Sandhu, T. S.; Singh, K.; Singh, B. (1988) Mungbean: Proceedings 2nd International Symposium, Bangkok, Thailand, 16-20 November 1987, 29-34. AVRDC, Taipei, Taiwan. [Ludhiana.] Hunan X Zhang, B. C.; Huang, Y. C. (1990) Review of Plant Pathology 69 (3), 97-118. Singh, K.; Khatri, H. L.; Bansal, R. D. (1975) Indian Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology 5 (1), Jiangsu X Zhang, B. C.; Huang, Y. C. (1990) Review of Plant Pathology 69 (3), 97-118. 108, 116. Jiangxi X Zhang, B. C.; Huang, Y. C. (1990) Review of Plant Pathology 69 (3), 97-118. Rajasthan X Mathur, A. K.; Chitale, K.; Gaur, V. K.; Tyagi, R. N. S. (1990) Indian Journal of Mycology and Plant Jilin X Zhang, B. C.; Huang, Y. C. (1990) Review of Plant Pathology 69 (3), 97-118. Pathology 19 (2), 213-214. Nei Menggu X Zhang, B. C.; Huang, Y. C. (1990) Review of Plant Pathology 69 (3), 97-118. Verma, P. R.; Patel, P. N.; (1969) Indian Phytopathology, 22 (1) 61-66. Shaanxi X Zhang, B. C.; Huang, Y. C. (1990) Review of Plant Pathology 69 (3), 97-118. Tamil Nadu X Chandrasekaran, S.; Rangaswami, G. (1960) Indian Phytopathology 13 (1) 96-99. Shandong X Zhang, B. C.; Huang, Y. C. (1990) Review of Plant Pathology 69 (3), 97-118.

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Kannaiyan, S.; Venkatarao, A.; Thangamani, G. (1974) Labdev Journal of Science and Technology Philippines X Elazegui, F. A.; Mew, T. W. (1987) Journal of Plant Protection in the Tropics 4 (2), 85-94. B 12 (4), 150-151. Lenne, J. M. (1990) Phytopathological Paper 31, 1-162. On jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). Uttar Pradesh X Arya, A. K.; Agarwal, D. K.; Sarbhoy, A. K.; Mahendra Pal (1997) Indian Phytopathology 50 (2), 206- Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] 215. [Pantnagar and Almora.] Teodoro, N. G. (1937) Technical Bulletin Department of Agriculture and Commodities Manila 4, 1- Mittal, R. K. (1991) Indian Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology 21 (3), 283-284. [Kumaon Hills.] 585. On mung bean (Phaseolus aureus). Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Mittal, R. K. (1999) Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology 29 (1), 128-130. [Kumaon Hills.] Fungi (1913) [Maquiling Mountains, Luzon] Pant, D. C. (1989) Indian Phytopathology 42 (1), 187-188. [Varanasi.] Saudi Arabia X IMI (1966). West Bengal X Misra, D. K.; Bhattacharyya, P. (1999) Indian Agriculturist 43 (1/2), 61-65. Singapore XHall, R. (1991) Compendium of Bean Diseases. APS Press, USA. IMI (1987); (1986) [Mankundu]; (1965) [Monteswar]. Yen, J. M.; Lim, G. (1970) Cahier Pacifique 14, 87-103. On cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Source: Indonesia X http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Java X Mejaya, M. J. (1993) Agrivita 16 (1), 19-21. Sri Lanka XHall, R. (1991) Compendium of Bean Diseases. APS Press, USA. Sumatra X Latham, D. H. (1934) Mycologia 26, 516-527. Taiwan X Duan, J. X.; Wu, W. P.; Liu, X. Z. (2007) Fungal Diversity 26, 205-218. [Source: http://nt.ars- grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] BPI (1919) [Soekosari]. Hsieh, W. H.; Chen, C. Y.; Wang, C. L. (2000) Taiwan Ascomycetes. Pyrenomycetes and Iran X Ershad, D. (1977) Fungi of Iran. Pest and Disease Research Institute, Tehran, Iran, 10, 277 pp. Loculoascomycetes. China Graphics, Taichung, Taiwan, 244 pp. On Mucuna macrocarpa. Source: IMI (1970) [Dezful]. http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Iraq X IMI (1975). Hsieh, W. H.; Goh, T. K. (1990) Cercospora and similar Fungi from Taiwan. Maw Chang Book Co., Japan X BPI (1924) [Kyoto]. Taipei, Taiwan, 376 pp. On bonavist-bean (Dolichos lablab). Source: http://nt.ars- grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Korea Republic - X Cho, W. D.; Shin, H. D. (eds) (2004) List of Plant Diseases in Korea. Fourth edition. Korean Society of Plant Pathology, Suwon, Korea Republic, 779 pp. On adzuki bean (Phaseolus angularis) and CBS (2004) [Pingtung, Hengchun peninsula, Caopu]. kidney bean (P. vulgaris). Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Thailand XHall, R. (1991) Compendium of Bean Diseases. APS Press, USA. Shin, H. D.; Braun, U. (2000) Mycotaxon 74, 105-118. [Source: http://nt.ars- Sinsiri, N.; Laohasiriwong, S. (2008) Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences (2008) 11 (12), 1576- grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] 1581. Malaysia XHall, R. (1991) Compendium of Bean Diseases. APS Press, USA. Vietnam X Maxwell, A.; Jackson, S. L.; Dell, B.; Hardy, G. E. St. J. (2005) Mycological Research 109, 992- Peninsular X Thompson, A.; Johnston, A. (1953) Mycological Papers 52, 1-38. On winged bean (Psophocarpus 1004. On river redgum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis). Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Malaysia tetragonolobus) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] IMI (1956). AFRICA Sabah XLiu, P. S. W. (1977) Phytopathological Paper 21, 1-49. [Source: http://nt.ars- Angola X Allen, D. J. (1995) Phytopathological Paper 34, 1-42. [Source: http://nt.ars- grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Williams, T. H.; Liu, P. S. W. (1976) Phytopathological Paper 19, 1-67. On winged bean Egypt X Fahim, M.; Abdu, Y. A. M.; Karara, M. (1969) Journal of Phytopathology 1, 47-50. (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Source: http://nt.ars- grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] IMI (1980) [Al Qahirah]; (1968) [Kafr el-Sheikh]. IMI (1959) [Tawau]. Ethiopia X Allen, D. J. (1995) Phytopathological Paper 34, 1-42. [Source: http://nt.ars- grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Sarawak X Turner, G. J. (1971) Phytopathological Paper 13, 1-55. On cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Mengistu, A.; Sinclair, J. B. (1979) Ethiopian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 1 (1), 48-58. IMI (1959) [Sibu]. BPI (1954) [Jimma, Kaffa Province]. Myanmar X Thaung, M. M. (1984) Mycotaxon 19, 425-452. On catjang (Vigna unguiculata ssp. catjang). Ghana X Piening, L. J. (1962) Bulletin of the Ministry of Agriculture, Ghana 2, 130 pp. Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] IMI (1937). Thaung, M. M. (2008) Australasian Plant Pathology 37, 180-197. On catjang (Vigna unguiculata Liberia X IMI (1985). ssp. catjang). Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Madagascar X Allen, D. J. (1995) Phytopathological Paper 34, 1-42. [Source: http://nt.ars- IMI [Mandalay]. grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Oman X IMI (1976). Malawi X Gillman, H. (1952) Report of the Department of Agriculture, Nyasaland, 1950, pp 36. Pakistan X Ahmad, S.; lqbal, S. H.; Khalid, A. N. (1997) Fungi of Pakistan. Sultan Ahmad Mycological Society Peregrine, W. T. H.; Siddiqi, M. A. (1972) Phytopathological Paper 16, 1-51. On cowpea (Vigna of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan, 248 pp. On bonavist-bean (Dolichos lablab), Phaseolus sp., and unguiculata). Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] catjang (Vigna unguiculata ssp. catjang). Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Wiehe, P. O. (1953) Mycological Papers 53, 1-39. On cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Source: Bashir, M.; Zubair, M.; Malik, B. A. (1988) Mungbean: Proceedings 2nd International Symposium, http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Bangkok, Thailand, 16-20 November 1987, 623-630. AVRDC, Taipei, Taiwan. Mauritius X Orieux, L.; Felix, S. (1968) Phytopathological Paper 7, 1-48. On cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Javed, M. S. (2000) Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology 12 (1), 73. [First record.] Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Lenne, J. M. (1990) Phytopathological Paper 31, 1-162. On hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus). Ragazzi, A.; Marino, M. (1990) Rivista di Agricultue Subtropicale e Tropicale 84, 171-184. On Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] soybean (Glycine max). Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.]

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Wiehe, P. O. (1948) Mycological Papers 24, 1-39. [On cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Source: Alabama X Anon. (1960) Index of Plant Diseases in the United States. USDA Agricultural Handbook 165, 531 http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] pp. [On tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] BPI (1924) [Reduit]. Blain, W. L. (1931) Mycologia 23, 300-304. [On soybean (Glycine max). Source: http://nt.ars- Niger X IMI (1983). grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Nigeria X Ajibade, S. R.; Amusa, N. A. (2001) Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and the Environment 3 (2), BPI (1935) [Tuskegee]; (1905) [Auburn]. 246-253. [Southwest.] Arkansas X Anon. (1960) Index of Plant Diseases in the United States. USDA Agricultural Handbook 165, 531 Awurum, A. N. (2000) Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and the Environment 2 (1), 128-133. pp. [On catjang (Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica) and kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Source: [Umudike.] http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Awurum, A. N.; Emechebe, A. M.; Amadioha, A. C. (2001) Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and BPI (1943) [Stuttgart]; (1916) [Fayetteville]. the Environment 3 (1), 31-38. [Umudike.] Delaware X Anon. (1960) Index of Plant Diseases in the United States. USDA Agricultural Handbook 165, 531 Fajola, A. 0. (1978) Nova Hedwigia 29, 912-921. [On cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Source: pp. [On catjang (Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica). Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] BPI (1923) [Georgetown]; (1891) [Newark]. Rwanda X IMI (1985) [Kigali]. District of X BPI (1924). Sierra Leone X Lenne, J. M. (1990) Phytopathological Paper 31, 1-162. [On jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) and Columbia C. obtusifolia. Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Florida XAlfieri, S. A. Jr.; Langdon, K. R.; Wehlburg, C.; Kimbrough, J. W. (1984) Florida Department of IMI (1937) [East]; (1934) [South]. Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industries Bulletin 11, 1-389. [On kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] South Africa X Allen, D. J. (1995) Phytopathological Paper 34, 1-42. [Source: http://nt.ars- grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Anon. (1960) Index of Plant Diseases in the United States. USDA Agricultural Handbook 165, 531 pp. [On Asian pigeonwings (Clitoria ternatea) and catjang (Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica). Crous, P. W.; Braun, U. (1996) Mycotaxon 57, 233-321. [Source: http://nt.ars- Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] BPI (1943) [Quincy, ]; (1895) [Defuniak]; (1824) [Lake City]. Crous, P. W.; Phillips, A. J. L.; Baxter, A. P. (2000) Phytopathogenic Fungi from South Africa. Department of Plant Pathology Press, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa, 358 Georgia X Anon. (1960) Index of Plant Diseases in the United States. USDA Agricultural Handbook 165, 531 pp. [On kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] pp. [On soybean (Glycine max) and velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens var. utilis). Source: http://nt.ars- grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Gorter, G. J. M. A. (1977) Republic of South Africa, Department of Agricultural Technical Services, Plant Protection Research Institute, Science Bulletin 392, 1-177. [Source: http://nt.ars- Hanlin, R. T. (1963) Georgia Agricultural Experiment Station Mimeo Series ns 175, 1-65. [On grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] soybean (Glycine max), kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens var. utilis), and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Sudan X Tarr, S. A. J. (1955) The Fungi and Plant Diseases of the Sudan. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, UK, 127 pp. Sumner, D. R.; Smittle, D. A. (1979) HortScience 14 (3), 266-268. [Tifton.] Tanzania X Arya, A. K.; Agarwal, D. K.; Sarbhoy, A. K.; Pal, M. (1997) Indian Phytopathology 50, 206-215. Toler, R. W.; Thompson, S. S.; Barber, J. M. (1963) Plant Disease Reporter 47, 746-747. [On [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Riley, E. A. (1960) Mycological Papers 75, 1-42. [On mung bean (Phaseolus aureus), scarlet runner Hawaii X Raabe, R. D.; Conners, I. L.; Martinez, A. P. (1981) College of Tropical Agriculture and Human (P. coccineus), black gram (P. mungo), and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Source: http://nt.ars- Resources, University of Hawaii Information Text Series 22, 1-313. [Source: http://nt.ars- grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] IMI (1990) [Mtanga Twani, Pemba Island]. Illinois X Anon. (1960) Index of Plant Diseases in the United States. USDA Agricultural Handbook 165, 531 pp. [On amberique-bean (Strophostyles helvola). Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Togo X IMI (1975). Schneider, R. W.; Williams, R. J.; Sinclair, J. B. (1976) Phytopathology 66 (4), 384-388. Uganda X Allen, D. J. (1995) Phytopathological Paper 34, 1-42. [Source: http://nt.ars- grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] BPI (1886) [Chandlerville]. IMI (1992) [Masindi]. Iowa X Anon. (1960) Index of Plant Diseases in the United States. USDA Agricultural Handbook 165, 531 pp. [On tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Zambia X Kannaiyan, J.; Greenberg, D. C.; Haciwa, H. C.; Mbewe, M. N. (1987) Tropical Grain Legume Bulletin 34, 23-26. Kansas X Anon. (1960) Index of Plant Diseases in the United States. USDA Agricultural Handbook 165, 531 pp. [On tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Source: http://nt.ars- grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] NORTH AMERICA Louisiana X Anon. (1960) Index of Plant Diseases in the United States. USDA Agricultural Handbook 165, 531 Mexico X Alvarez, M. G. (1976) Fitofilo 71, 1-169. [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] pp. [On catjang (Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica). Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] McGuire, J. U. Jr.; Crandall, B. S. (1967) Survey of Insect Pests and Plant Diseases of selected IMI (1886) [Pont a la Hache]. Food Crops of Mexico, Central America and Panama. International Agricultural Development Maryland X Zaumeyer, W. J.; Thomas, R. H. (1957) A Monographic Study of Bean Diseases and Methods for Service, ARS, USDA-AID, USA, 157 pp. [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] their Control. USDA Technical Bulletin 868, 1-255. USA X Anon. (1960) Index of Plant Diseases in the United States. USDA Agricultural Handbook 165, 531 BPI (1948) [Beltsville]. pp. [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Mississippi X Anon. (1960) Index of Plant Diseases in the United States. USDA Agricultural Handbook 165, 531 Fery, R. L.; Dukes, P. D. (1977) HortScience 12 (3), 234. pp. [On black gram (Phaseolus mungo) and soybean (Glycine max). Source: http://nt.ars- Hall, R. (1991) Compendium of Bean Diseases. APS Press, USA. grin.gov/fungaldatabases.]

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Parris, G. K. (1959) Mississippi State University, Botany Department Miscellaneous Publication 1, 1- Cuba X Arnold, G. R. W. (1986) List of Phytopathogenic Fungi of Cuba. Ministerio de Cultura Editorial 146. [On black gram (Phaseolus mungo), mung bean (P. radiatus), kidney bean (P. vulgaris), Cientifico-Tecnica, Habana, Cuba, 207 pp. [On bonavist-bean (Dolichos lablab) and cowpea (Vigna cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), and soybean (Glycine max). Source: http://nt.ars- unguiculata). Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Castaneda-Ruiz, R. F.; Braun, U. (1989) Cryptog. Bot. 1, 42-55. [Source: http://nt.ars- BPI (1926) [McNeill]; (1920) [Biloxi]; (1893) [Starkville]; (1891) [Ocean Springs]. grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] IMI (1881) [Starkville]. Lenne, J. M. (1990) Phytopathological Paper 31, 1-162. [On wild bushbean (Macroptilium Missouri X Anon. (1960) Index of Plant Diseases in the United States. USDA Agricultural Handbook 165, 531 lathyroides). Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] pp. [On tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Urtiaga, R. (2004) Index of Plant Diseases in Venezuela and Cuba. Second Edition. 301 pp. [On New Jersey X Anon. (1960) Index of Plant Diseases in the United States. USDA Agricultural Handbook 165, 531 wild bushbean (Macroptilium lathyroides). Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] pp. [On tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Dominican XCiferri, R. (1929) Series B Botany, Estacion Agronomica de Moca 14, 1-260. [On cowpea (Vigna Zaumeyer, W. J.; Thomas, R. H. (1957) A Monographic Study of Bean Diseases and Methods for Republic unguiculata). Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] their Control. USDA Technical Bulletin 868, 1-255. Ciferri, R. (1961) Quaderno 19, 1-539. [Source: http://ntars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] IMI (1889) [New Brunswick]. BPI (1925) [Haina]. North Carolina X Grand, L. F. (ed) (1985) North Carolina Agricultural Research and Services, Technical Bulletin 240, MA-Funhist (1925) [Haina]. 1-157. [On cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Source: http://ntars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] El Salvador X McGuire, J. U. Jr.; Crandall, B. S. (1967) Survey of Insect Pests and Plant Diseases of selected BPI (1909) [Old Fort]; (1909) [West Raleigh]; (1907) [High Point]. Food Crops of Mexico, Central America and Panama. International Agricultural Development Ohio X BPI (1909) [Oxford]. Service, ARS, USDA-AID, USA, 157 pp. [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Oklahoma X Anon. (1960) Index of Plant Diseases in the United States. USDA Agricultural Handbook 165, 531 Grenada X Baker, R. E. D.; Dale, W. T. (1948) Mycological Papers 25, 1-26. [On cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). pp. [On kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Preston, D. A. (1945) Oklahoma Agricultural College, Agricultural Experiment Station Technical IMI (1946). Bulletin T-21, 1-168. [On sieva bean (Phaseolus lunatus) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Source: Guatemala X IMI (1977). http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Haiti X IMI (1947). BPI (1942) [Stillwater]. Honduras X McGuire, J. U. Jr.; Crandall, B. S. (1967) Survey of Insect Pests and Plant Diseases of selected South Carolina X Anon. (1960) Index of Plant Diseases in the United States. USDA Agricultural Handbook 165, 531 Food Crops of Mexico, Central America and Panama. International Agricultural Development pp. [On tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and black gram (Phaseolus mungo). Source: http://nt.ars- Service, ARS, USDA-AID, USA, 157 pp. [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Jamaica XLarter, L. N. H.; Martyn, E. B. (1943) Mycological Papers 8, 1-16. [On cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Chupp, C. (1953) Monograph of the fungus genus Cercospora. Chupp, Ithaca, NY, USA, 667 pp. Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Lenne, J. M. (1990) Phytopathological Paper 31, 1-162. [On wild bushbean (Macroptilium Fery, R. L.; Dukes, P. D. (1977) HortScience 12, 454-456. [On cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Source: lathyroides). Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] IMI (1962) [Trelawny]; (1961) [St. Catherine]. Fery, R. L.; Dukes, P. D.; Cuthbert, F. P. Jr. (1976) Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Nicaragua X Litzenberger, S. C.; Stevenson, J. A. (1957) Plant Disease Reporter (Suppl.) 243, pp 19. Science 101 (2), 148-149. BPI (1956) [Managua]; (1956) [La Calera, near Managua]. Tennessee X Anon. (1960) Index of Plant Diseases in the United States. USDA Agricultural Handbook 165, 531 Panama X Piepenbring, M. (2006) Puente Biologica 1, 1-190. [Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] pp. [On catjang (Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica). Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Puerto Rico X Anon. (2011) Widely Prevalent Fungi of the United States. University of Georgia, Center for Invasive Texas X Anon. (1960) Index of Plant Diseases in the United States. USDA Agricultural Handbook 165, 531 pp. [On cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Source: http://nt.ars- Species and Ecosystem Health, Georgia, USA. http://www.prevalentfungi.org. grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Lenne, J. M. (1990) Phytopathological Paper 31, 1-162. [On wild bushbean (Macroptilium BPI (1949) [Edcouch, Hidalgo County]; (1944) [Rusk County]; (1937) [Cherokee]; (1910) [San lathyroides). Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Antonio]. Vakili, N. G. (1977) Tropical Agriculture 54 (1), 69-76. Virginia X Anon. (1960) Index of Plant Diseases in the United States. USDA Agricultural Handbook 165, 531 IMI (1973) [Mayaguez]. pp. [On yardlong bean (Vigna sesquipedalis). Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] St Lucia X Baker, R. E. D.; Dale, W. T. (1948) Mycological Papers 25, 1-26. [On cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). BPI (1947) [Arlington]; (1927) [Montrose]; (1916) [Prince George]. Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Wisconsin X Anon. (1960) Index of Plant Diseases in the United States. USDA Agricultural Handbook 165, 531 IMI (1934). pp. [On kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] St Vincent and - X Baker, R. E. D.; Dale, W. T. (1948) Mycological Papers 25, 1-26. [St. Vincent. On cowpea (Vigna Grenadines unguiculata). Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN IMI (1946) [St. Vincent]. Trinidad and X Baker, R. E. D.; Dale, W. T. (1951) Mycological Papers 33, 1-123. [On jack bean (Canavalia Barbados X Norse, D. (1974) Phytopathological Paper 18, 1-38. [On yardlong bean (Vigna sesquipedalis) and Tobago ensiformis) and bonavist-bean (Dolichos lablab). Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] cowpea (V. unguiculata). Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Lenne, J. M. (1990) Phytopathological Paper 31, 1-162. [On jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). BPI (1945). Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Costa Rica X BPI (1949) [Turrialba]. BPI (2003) [Valsayn]; (1922) [St. Augustine].

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IMI (2003) [Valsayn]; (2002) [Valsayn]. French X Hammes, C.; Chant, H.; Mu, L. (1989) Manuel de defense des cultures en Polynesie Frangaise. United States X Stevenson, J. A. (1975) Contributions Reed Herbarium 23, 743. [On wild pea (Phaseolus Polynesia Institut Francais de Recherche Scientifique pour le Developement en Cooperation. Notes et Virgin Islands adenanthus), sueva bean (P. lunatus var. macrocarpus), kidney bean (P. vulgaris), Antilles bean documents No 3. pp 304. (Vigna antillana), and cowpea (V. unguiculata). Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Nauru X PDD (1980). New Caledonia X Bugnicouet, F.; Cohic, F.; Dadant, R. (1951) A catalogue of the animal and plant parasites of the SOUTH AMERICA cultivated plants of New Caledonia, pp 120. Kohler, F. (1985) (Pathogens and physiological diseases of cultivated plants in New Caledonia and Argentina - X Wellman, F. L. (1977) Dictionary of Tropical American Crops and their Diseases. Scarecrow Press Wallis and Futuna Islands.) Laboratoire de Phytopathologie, ORSTOM Centre de Noumea, New Inc., Metuchen, New Jersey, USA, 495 pp. Caledonia, 46 pp. Bolivia X Alandia, S.; Bell, F. H. (1957) Diseases of warm climate crops in Bolivia. Plant Protection Bulletin, Niue X Dingley, J. M.; Fullerton, R. A.; McKenzie, E. H. C. (1981) UNDP/FAO/SPEC Survey of Agricultural FAO 5 (11), 172-173. Pests and Diseases in the South Pacific 2. SPEC, UNDP, FAO, Rome, 485 pp. Farr, M. L.; Stevenson, J. A. (1963) Sydowia 17, 37-69. [On Mucuna sp. Source: http://nt.ars- PDD (1975) [Vam]. grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Papua New X Sivanesan, A. (1990) IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria No. 985. CABI Bioscience, Egham, BPI (1952) [General Saavedra, Santa Cruz Department]. Guinea Surrey, UK. IMI (1982). Samoa X Dingley, J. M.; Fullerton, R. A.; McKenzie, E. H. C. (1981) UNDP/FAO/SPEC Survey of Agricultural Brazil X Crous, P. W.; Braun, U. (1996) Mycotaxon 57, 233-321. [Source: http://nt.ars- Pests and Diseases in the South Pacific 2. SPEC, UNDP, FAO, Rome, 485 pp. grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] PDD (1977) [Asau, Savai'i Island]; (1977) [Lepea, Upolu Island]; (1977) [Siumu, Upolo Island]; Mendes, M. A. S.; Silva, V. L. da; Dianese, J. C. et al. (1998) Fungi on Plants in Brazil. Embrapa- (1975) [Alaf ua, Upolu Island]. SPI/Embrapa-Cenargen, Brasilia, Brazil, 555 pp. [On yardlong bean (Vigna sesquipedalis). Source: Solomon Islands- X Johnston, A. (1960) A preliminary plant disease survey in the British Solomon Islands Protectorate. http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] FAO, Rome, Italy, 36 pp. Bahia X IMI (1979). McKenzie, E. H. C.; Jackson, G. V. H. (1986) The fungi, bacteria and pathogenic algae of Solomon Ceara X IMI (1978). Islands. Strengthening Plant Protection and Root Crops Development in the South Pacific. FAO. Minas Gerais X Muller, A. S. (1934) International Bulletin of Plant Protection 8 (9), 193-198. RAS/83/001, Field Document 11. Suva, Fiji. 282 pp. Para X IMI (1973) [Belem]. IMI (1960) [Tasia, Santa Isabel Island]; (1959) [Gizo, Ghizo Island]; 1959 [Auki, Malaita Island]; (1959) [Horara, Santa Isabel Island]. Colombia X Skiles, R. L.; Cardona-Alvarez, C. (1959) Phytopathology 49, 133-135. PDD (1980) [New Georgia, New Georgia Islands]; (1980) [Nendo, Santa Cruz Islands]; (1980) Guyana X IMI (1973). [Makira Island]; (1978) [Black Post, Guadalcanal Island]. Suriname X Del Prado, F. A. (1966) Meded. Landb. Proefstn. Suriname 37, 40 pp. Tonga X Dingley, J. M.; Fullerton, R. A.; McKenzie, E. H. C. (1981) UNDP/FAO/SPEC Survey of Agricultural Venezuela X Urtiaga, R. (1986) Index of Plant Diseases in Venezuela and Cuba. Impresos en Impresos Nuevo Pests and Diseases in the South Pacific 2. SPEC, UNDP, FAO, Rome, 485 pp. Siglo SRL, Barquisimeto, Venezuela, 202 pp. [On sweet marjoram (Majorana hortensis). Source: PDD (1975) [Tongatapu]; (1975) [Nomuka]; (1975) [Vava'u]. http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] IMI (1976). The records from BPI, MA-Funhist, PDD, WAHerb and CBS refer to specimens in the US National Fungus Collections, the Real Jardin Botanico, Madrid, the New Zealand National Fungal Herbarium, the Western Australia Herbarium and NLBIF, the Netherlands, respectively OCEANIA (accessed through GBIF Data Portal, www.gbif.net, 2 February 2012). American X Brooks, F. (2006) List of Plant Diseases in American Samoa 2006. Land Grant Technical Report No. The Herb. IMI specimen reference for Canada in the previous edition may refer to New Brunswick, New Jersey thus this reference is deemed Samoa 44. American Samoa Community College Land Grant Program, Pago Pago, American Samoa, 59 unreliable. The original record for Somalia cannot be traced and may be erroneous. PP. McKenzie E. H. C. (1996) South Pacific Commission Information Documentation, Technical Paper 206, 1-77. [On notched cowpea (Vigna marina) and cowpea (V. unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis). Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] PDD (1989) [Malaeimi Valley, Tutuila Island]; (1989) [Ta'u, Manua Island]. Australia X Lenne, J. M. (1990) Phytopathological Paper 31, 1-162. [On zombi pea (Vigna vexillata). Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] WAHerb (1993). [As Pseudocercospora cruenta.] Queensland X IMI (1987). Fiji X Dingley, J. M.; Fullerton, R. A.; McKenzie, E. H. C. (1981) UNDP/FAO/SPEC Survey of Agricultural Pests and Diseases in the South Pacific 2. SPEC, UNDP, FAO, Rome, 485 pp. Firman, I. D. (1972) Phytopathological Paper 15, 1-36. [On mung bean (Phaseolus aureus), sieva bean (P. lunatus), and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Source: http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases.] Morwood, R. B. (1956) Agriculture Journal of Fiji 27 (3-4), 83-86. PDD (2002) [Sigatoka Valley, Viti Levu Island]; (2002) [Nadi, Viti Levu Island].

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