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BJDP-5.00 Edn 2 BJDP-5.00 Brunei Joint Doctrine Publication JOINT OPERATIONS PLANNING BJDP-5.00 (Edition 2.0) i BJDP-5.00 [Intentionally Blank] M ii BJDP-5.00 JOINT OPERATIONS PLANNING (Edn 2) Brunei Joint Doctrine Publication BJDP-5.00 (Edn 2.0) dated 30 January 2018 THIS DOCUMENT IS THE PROPERTY OF HIS MAJESTY’S GOVERNMENT OF BRUNEI DARUSSALAM 1. This document is to be kept within the Ministry of Defence or Royal Brunei Armed Forces establishments. 2. It is issued for the information of such persons only as need to know its content in the course of their official duties. 3. Any person finding this document should hand it in with the particulars of how and where found to a Royal Brunei Armed Forces Military Establishment, or to a Police Station for its safe return to: JOINT FORCE HEADQUARTERS ROYAL BRUNEI ARMED FORCES MINISTRY OF DEFENCE BOLKIAH GARISON BB3510 NEGARA BRUNEI DARUSSALAM THE UNAUTHORISED RETENTION OR DESTRUCTION OF THIS DOCUMENT IS AN OFFENCE i BJDP-5.00 FOREWORD “The general who wins the battle makes many calculations in his temple before the battle is fought. The general who loses makes but few calculations.” Sun Tzu – The Art of War At the core of successful operational execution, lie capable and competent plans. To ensure success, at the operational level, Commanders and their Staff must be accomplished in both the art and the science of planning. This second edition of the RBAF’s ‘Joint Operations Planning’ Doctrine is designed to consolidate the lessons learned and best practice identified since the publication of the first edition in 2013. The ‘science’ of planning refers to the processes that we use. This doctrinal guide comprehensively describes the RBAF’s revised operational planning approach, known as the Operational Military Appreciation Process (OMAP). Linking with current and future designs for Single Service Tactical planning tools, this publication has delivered an integrated planning system throughout the RBAF. While planning processes guide our consideration of complex problems, it is our intellectual ability that produces solutions. Our ability to analyse, understand, problem solve and make decisions represents the ‘art’ of planning. This doctrinal examination of the ‘art’ is therefore essential reading for all operational planners, whilst also being of core relevance to all in the RBAF who are required to plan, irrespective of level and context. PEHIN DATU PEKERMA JAYA DATO PADUKA SERI MOHD TAWIH BIN ABDULLAH Major General Commander Royal Brunei Armed Forces Date – 13 Jamadiawal 1439 Date – 30 January 2018 ii BJDP-5.00 PREFACE 1. This second edition of BJDP-5.00 ‘Joint Operations Planning’ aims to enhance the RBAF’s degree of understanding of operational planning processes, and specifically introduce the RBAF’s revised methodology. In publishing this doctrinal guide, all operational level organisations within the RBAF will be able to collectively adopt a planning process known as the Operational Military Appreciation Process (OMAP). While acting as an adaptation from planning processes used by regional partners, the design of OMAP specifically reflects the requirements placed on the RBAF to deliver enhanced operational planning capability. The development of OMAP provides one of a series of similar integrated planning processes that link tactical planning (using TMAP1) by Single Service units with the operational planning conducted by Single Service and Joint Forces HQs. This publication must also be used in conjunction with other operational doctrinal publications 2, which highlight specialist planning considerations using the OMAP format. 2. BJDP-5.00 (Edn 2) also aims to assist operational planners (Commanders and Staff) by developing a greater awareness of the cognitive skills essential to support the continued delivery of cohesive and coherent planning. The development of an understanding of these skills acts as a first step in enhancing operational planning capacity; however, this must be combined with frequent and challenging training opportunities to allow such skills to practiced and improved. 3. This second edition does not represent a wholesale shift in guidance for operational planning. Much of the theory provided in the first edition is consistent will all military operational planning. As such, while undergoing some refinement and reorganisation, this previous guidance has been carried across into this publication to provide some familiarity. For ease of understanding, BJDP-5.00 (Edn 2) has been divided into three Parts, as follows: 1 Tactical MAP (TMAP) remains, at the time of publication, under development within Single Services in order to integrate planning methods. TMAP will consist of TMAP (Quick) and TMAP (Deliberate). Concepts and developments are further described in Chapter 7. 2 Specifically those contained within the Functional area of the RBAF doctrinal suite, for example BJDP-4.00 Logistic Support to Operations, Chapter 6. iii BJDP-5.00 a. Part 1 – Fundamentals. Part 1 contains 4 Chapters and sets the foundations from which all planning activity can be conducted. Chapter 1 provides a broad understanding of Planning through an examination of approach, principle and context. Chapter 2 concentrates on the importance of understanding the wider (tangible and intangible) environment; and specifically how this relates to problem solving and decision making in an operational planning context. While Chapter 3 conceptually describes analysis and the essential skills necessary for its application, Chapter 4 considers similar areas that relate to Decision Making. b. Part 2 – Definitions, Tools & Techniques. Part 2 contains two Chapters which both deliver guidance on a range of methods which are required to be applied in the conduct of OMAP. Chapter 5 focuses on the essentials to support Analysis; while Chapter 6 provides the same for Planning. c. Part 3 – RBAF Joint Operational Planning – The Operational Military Appreciation Process (OMAP). Part 3, delivered in six chapters, describes in detail the functional process of using OMAP as the RBAF’s operational planning process. In conducting OMAP it will be necessary for operational planners to cross reference Part 3 with Part 2 as the OMAP sequences progress. d. Lexicon. Definitions and abbreviations are detailed within the text of the publication to allow for immediate understanding. For completeness, and ease, abbreviations are also listed in the lexicon at the end of this publication. iv BJDP-5.00 JOINT OPERATIONS PLANNING (Edn 2) CONTENTS Foreword ii Preface iii Contents v Amendment Proposals x Disclaimer x Acknowledgements xi Distribution xii PART 1 - FUNDAMENTALS Chapter 1 – Planning Philosophy, Principle and Practice The Approach to Planning – Philosophy 2 The Approach to Planning – Principles 5 The Approach to Planning – Context & Practice 7 Chapter 2 – Understanding Defining Understanding 14 Principles of Understanding 16 Understanding Complexity 18 Understanding Time and Consequence 20 Understanding the Situation 22 Enabling Understanding 24 Chapter 3 – Analysis Defining Analysis 26 Analytical Principles 28 Analytical Context 30 Analytical Practices 40 v BJDP-5.00 Framing Analysis 41 Chapter 4 – Decision Making Thinking What is Thinking 43 How We Think 45 Thinking Processes 49 Developing Thinking 51 Problem Solving 53 Military Decision Making 55 PART 2 – DEFINITIONS, TOOLS & TECHNIQUES Chapter 5 – Analytical Definitions, Tools & Techniques Environmental Analysis 58 Stakeholder Analysis 61 Human Factors Analysis General Methods and Application 64 ASCOPE 66 STEEPLEM 73 Utilising HTA Methods to Develop Further Analysis 77 Analytical Modelling SWOT Analysis 79 Centre of Gravity Analysis 84 Three Column Format Analysis 96 Risk Analysis Risk and Operating Levels 101 Risk Analysis and Management 106 Risk Analysis and Management Techniques 108 vi BJDP-5.00 Chapter 6 – Planning Definitions, Tools, Techniques and Products Operational Planning Concepts 115 Operational End States & Objectives 117 Decisive Points & Supporting Effects 119 Lines & Groupings of Operation 133 Changes in the Operational Plan 140 Operational Planning Products 144 PART 3 – RBAF JOINT OPERATIONAL PLANNING: THE OPERATIONAL MILITARY APPRECIATION PROCESS (OMAP) Chapter 7 – OMAP Background Context 152 OMAP Overview 154 OMAP Preparation 156 Chapter 8 – Intelligence Preparation of the Battle Area (IPB) IPB Process 158 IPB Steps IPB Step 1 – Define the Operational Battlespace 160 IPB Step 2 – Effects of the Operational Environment 164 IPB Step 3 – Threat Evaluation 168 IPB Step 4 – Threat Integration 173 IPB Brief 180 Chapter 9 – OMAP Step 1 (Mission Analysis) Introduction 181 Stages of Mission Analysis Stage 1 – Review the Situation 183 Stage 2 – Identify and Analyse Superior Commander’s Intent an develop own Mission 188 Stage 3 – Identify and Analyse Tasks 190 Stage 4 – Identify and Analyse Freedoms of Action 192 vii BJDP-5.00 Stage 5 – Identify and Analyse Critical Facts and Assumptions 193 Stage 6 – Commander’s Guidance 194 Stage 7 – Mission Analysis Brief 197 Chapter 10 – OMAP Step 2 (Course of Action Development) Introduction to Step 2 (COA Development) 198 The Stages of COA Development Stage 1 – Confirm CoG 199 Stage 2 – Critical Capabilities Analysis 200 Stage 3 – Develop Decisive Points and LoO 201 Stage 4 – Develop Broad COA 203 Stage 5 – Develop Detailed COA 204 Stage 6 – Test COA 210 Stage 7 – COA Development Brief 212 Chapter 11 – OMAP Step 3 (Course of Action Analysis) Introduction 213 Wargaming What is Wargaming? 214 Wargame Benefits & Limitations 217 Comprehending
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