Identification of Heterorhabditis
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SYSTEMATICS of the MEGADIVERSE SUPERFAMILY GELECHIOIDEA (INSECTA: LEPIDOPTEA) DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of T
SYSTEMATICS OF THE MEGADIVERSE SUPERFAMILY GELECHIOIDEA (INSECTA: LEPIDOPTEA) DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Sibyl Rae Bucheli, M.S. ***** The Ohio State University 2005 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Dr. John W. Wenzel, Advisor Dr. Daniel Herms Dr. Hans Klompen _________________________________ Dr. Steven C. Passoa Advisor Graduate Program in Entomology ABSTRACT The phylogenetics, systematics, taxonomy, and biology of Gelechioidea (Insecta: Lepidoptera) are investigated. This superfamily is probably the second largest in all of Lepidoptera, and it remains one of the least well known. Taxonomy of Gelechioidea has been unstable historically, and definitions vary at the family and subfamily levels. In Chapters Two and Three, I review the taxonomy of Gelechioidea and characters that have been important, with attention to what characters or terms were used by different authors. I revise the coding of characters that are already in the literature, and provide new data as well. Chapter Four provides the first phylogenetic analysis of Gelechioidea to include molecular data. I combine novel DNA sequence data from Cytochrome oxidase I and II with morphological matrices for exemplar species. The results challenge current concepts of Gelechioidea, suggesting that traditional morphological characters that have united taxa may not be homologous structures and are in need of further investigation. Resolution of this problem will require more detailed analysis and more thorough characterization of certain lineages. To begin this task, I conduct in Chapter Five an in- depth study of morphological evolution, host-plant selection, and geographical distribution of a medium-sized genus Depressaria Haworth (Depressariinae), larvae of ii which generally feed on plants in the families Asteraceae and Apiaceae. -
New Records of Microlepidoptera in Alberta, Canada
Volume 59 2005 Number 2 Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society 59(2), 2005, 61-82 NEW RECORDS OF MICROLEPIDOPTERA IN ALBERTA, CANADA GREGORY R. POHL Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, 5320 - 122 St., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6H 3S5 email: [email protected] CHARLES D. BIRD Box 22, Erskine, Alberta, Canada T0C 1G0 email: [email protected] JEAN-FRANÇOIS LANDRY Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0C6 email: [email protected] AND GARY G. ANWEILER E.H. Strickland Entomology Museum, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2H1 email: [email protected] ABSTRACT. Fifty-seven species of microlepidoptera are reported as new for the Province of Alberta, based primarily on speci- mens in the Northern Forestry Research Collection of the Canadian Forest Service, the University of Alberta Strickland Museum, the Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes, and the personal collections of the first two authors. These new records are in the families Eriocraniidae, Prodoxidae, Tineidae, Psychidae, Gracillariidae, Ypsolophidae, Plutellidae, Acrolepi- idae, Glyphipterigidae, Elachistidae, Glyphidoceridae, Coleophoridae, Gelechiidae, Xyloryctidae, Sesiidae, Tortricidae, Schrecken- steiniidae, Epermeniidae, Pyralidae, and Crambidae. These records represent the first published report of the families Eriocrani- idae and Glyphidoceridae in Alberta, of Acrolepiidae in western Canada, and of Schreckensteiniidae in Canada. Tetragma gei, Tegeticula -
Korscheltellus Gracilis, a Root Feeder Associated with Spruce-Fir Decline William E
BIOECOLOGY OF THE CONIFER SWIFT MOTH, KORSCHELTELLUS GRACILIS, A ROOT FEEDER ASSOCIATED WITH SPRUCE-FIR DECLINE WILLIAM E. WALLNER1 DAVID L. WAGNER2 BRUCE L. PARKER3 and DONALD R. TOB13 'USDA Forest Service Northeastern Forest Experiment Station 51 Mill Pond Road Hamden, CT 06514 U.S.A. 2~niversityof Connecticut Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Storrs, CT 06268 U.S.A. 3~niversityof Vermont Department of Plant and Soil Science Burlington, VT 05401 U.S.A. INTRODUCTION During the past two decades, the decline of red spruce, Picea nrbens Sargent, and balsam fir, Abies bahamea (L), at high elevations (900-1200 m) in eastern North America has evoked concern about the effects of anthropogenic deposition upon terrestrial ecosystems. In many high-elevation forests across New England, as many as 50 percent of the standing red spruce are dead (Hertel et al. 1987). Wood cores indicate that growth has been severely curtailed since the 1960s (Hornbeck and Smith 19s). Although acid rain is most commonly invoked as the principal causal agent of this decline, there is yet little hard evidence to support this claim (Johnson and Siccama 1983, Pitelka and Rayno1 1989). A wide array of anthropogenic pollutants in combination with natural stress factors are probably involved. Above-ground portions of declining trees appear relatively pest free, and SO do the roots except for observations of a few soil-inhabiting arthropods. The most prevalent among those few was a subterranean lepidopteran polyphage, Korscheltelhcs gracilis Grote, found to be extremely abundant in these declining forests (Tobi et al. 1989, Wagner et al. -
A New Global Citizen Science Project Focused on Moths
TAR Terrestrial Arthropod Reviews 6 (2013) 185–200 brill.com/tar National Moth Week - a new global citizen science project focused on moths David Moskowitz1 and Liti Haramaty2 1EcolSciences, Inc. 75 Fleetwood Drive, Suite 250, Rockaway, New Jersey, USA, and Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA e-mail: [email protected] 2Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA e-mail: [email protected] Received on January 22, 2013. Accepted on February 9, 2013. Final version received on April 4, 2013 Summary National Moth Week is a global citizen science project focusing on moths. During the first National Moth Week, which took place in July 2012, people in over 300 locations worldwide observed and documented the presence of moths in various habitats. This article describes the project’s goals and the methods used to achieve those goals. A summary of outreach activities and data collection is presented. Keywords Moth; Lepidoptera; Citizen Science; National Moth Week Introduction Scientific contributions by non-professionals are well documented, particularly in fields of study where observation is important, such as archaeology, astronomy, and natural history (Silvertown, 2009). In Entomology there is also a vast body of research and publications that utilize data and observations collected by non-professionals (citi- zen scientists) (ECLS 2012; Miller, 1986; Kristensen et al., 2007). Moth biodiversity is remarkably high as these insects are one of the most successful lineages of organisms on earth (Kristensen et al., 2007, Schweitzer et al., 2011). As a result of ongoing survey efforts, estimates of the number of species approximate 150,000 (Arnett, 2000, van Nieukerken et al., 2011) to possibly as many as 500,000 (Kristensen et al., 2007). -
Big Creek Lepidoptera Checklist
Big Creek Lepidoptera Checklist Prepared by J.A. Powell, Essig Museum of Entomology, UC Berkeley. For a description of the Big Creek Lepidoptera Survey, see Powell, J.A. Big Creek Reserve Lepidoptera Survey: Recovery of Populations after the 1985 Rat Creek Fire. In Views of a Coastal Wilderness: 20 Years of Research at Big Creek Reserve. (copies available at the reserve). family genus species subspecies author Acrolepiidae Acrolepiopsis californica Gaedicke Adelidae Adela flammeusella Chambers Adelidae Adela punctiferella Walsingham Adelidae Adela septentrionella Walsingham Adelidae Adela trigrapha Zeller Alucitidae Alucita hexadactyla Linnaeus Arctiidae Apantesis ornata (Packard) Arctiidae Apantesis proxima (Guerin-Meneville) Arctiidae Arachnis picta Packard Arctiidae Cisthene deserta (Felder) Arctiidae Cisthene faustinula (Boisduval) Arctiidae Cisthene liberomacula (Dyar) Arctiidae Gnophaela latipennis (Boisduval) Arctiidae Hemihyalea edwardsii (Packard) Arctiidae Lophocampa maculata Harris Arctiidae Lycomorpha grotei (Packard) Arctiidae Spilosoma vagans (Boisduval) Arctiidae Spilosoma vestalis Packard Argyresthiidae Argyresthia cupressella Walsingham Argyresthiidae Argyresthia franciscella Busck Argyresthiidae Argyresthia sp. (gray) Blastobasidae ?genus Blastobasidae Blastobasis ?glandulella (Riley) Blastobasidae Holcocera (sp.1) Blastobasidae Holcocera (sp.2) Blastobasidae Holcocera (sp.3) Blastobasidae Holcocera (sp.4) Blastobasidae Holcocera (sp.5) Blastobasidae Holcocera (sp.6) Blastobasidae Holcocera gigantella (Chambers) Blastobasidae -
Pest Alert: Box Tree Moth (Cydalima Perspectalis)
Pest Alert Box Tree Moth (Cydalima perspectalis) The box tree moth is an invasive pest that primarily feeds on boxwood species (Buxus spp). In its native range, it also feeds on burning bush (Euonymus alatus), Japanese spindletree (E. japonicus), purple holly (Ilex chinensis), and orange jessamine (Murraya paniculate) once boxwood in the vicinity are completely defoliated. Distribution and Spread The box tree moth is native to temperate and subtropical regions in Asia. It was first reported in Europe in 2007, after which it spread rapidly across European countries and into Western Asia and Northern Africa. In 2018, it was documented in Canada. The rate of spread for the box tree moth has varied since its introduction in Europe, with some cases peaking at 96 miles per year. Long distance movement of the box tree moth across Europe occurred primarily through the movement of infested Adult moths (top and bottom left), damage (bottom) boxwood plantings. Box tree moths are highly mobile and used for edging, as hedges, thick brown border spanning 1.6 and are good fliers. Natural spread and/or clipped into different shapes to 1.8 inches. Some adults have of this moth in Europe is about 3 to make topiaries. The box tree completely brown wings with a small to 6 miles per year. One analysis moth can cause heavy defoliation of white streak on each forewing. Males from Europe concluded that natural boxwood plants if populations are left and females show both colorations. dispersal from continental Europe unchecked. Defoliation of existing to the United Kingdom was possible, and new growth can kill the plant. -
Yponomeuta Malinellus
Yponomeuta malinellus Scientific Name Yponomeuta malinellus (Zeller) Synonyms: Hyponomeuta malinella Zeller Hyponomeuta malinellus Zeller Yponomeuta malinella Yponomeuta padella (L.) Yponomeuta padellus malinellus Common Names Apple ermine moth, small ermine moth Figure 1. Y. malinellus adult (Image courtesy of Eric LaGasa, Washington State Department of Agriculture, Bugwood.org). Type of Pest Caterpillar Taxonomic Position Class: Insecta, Order: Lepidoptera, Family: Yponomeutidae Reason for Inclusion 2012 CAPS Additional Pests of Concern Pest Description Eggs: “The individual egg has the appearance of a flattened, yellow, soft disc with the centre area slightly raised, and marked with longitudinal ribbings. Ten to eighty eggs are deposited in overlapping rows to form a flattened, slightly convex, oval egg mass. At the time of deposition, the egg mass is covered with a glutinous substance, which on exposure to air forms a resistant, protective coating. This coating not only acts as an egg-shield but provides an ideal overwintering site for the diapausing first-instar larvae. The egg mass is yellow at first but then darkens until eventually it is grey-brown and resembles the bark of apple twigs. Egg masses average 3-10 mm [0.12-0.39 in] in length and 4 mm [0.16 in] in width but vary considerably in size and shape” (CFIA, 2006). Larvae: “Grey, yellowish-grey, greenish-brown, and greyish-green larvae have been reported. The mature larva is approximately 15-20 mm [0.59-0.79 in] in length; the anterior and posterior extremities are much narrower than the remainder of the body. There are 2 conspicuous laterodorsal black dots on each segment from the mesothorax to the 8th abdominal segment. -
Monophyly of Clade III Nematodes Is Not Supported by Phylogenetic Analysis of Complete Mitochondrial Genome Sequences
UC Davis UC Davis Previously Published Works Title Monophyly of clade III nematodes is not supported by phylogenetic analysis of complete mitochondrial genome sequences Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7509r5vp Journal BMC Genomics, 12(1) ISSN 1471-2164 Authors Park, Joong-Ki Sultana, Tahera Lee, Sang-Hwa et al. Publication Date 2011-08-03 DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-12-392 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Park et al. BMC Genomics 2011, 12:392 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/12/392 RESEARCHARTICLE Open Access Monophyly of clade III nematodes is not supported by phylogenetic analysis of complete mitochondrial genome sequences Joong-Ki Park1*, Tahera Sultana2, Sang-Hwa Lee3, Seokha Kang4, Hyong Kyu Kim5, Gi-Sik Min2, Keeseon S Eom6 and Steven A Nadler7 Abstract Background: The orders Ascaridida, Oxyurida, and Spirurida represent major components of zooparasitic nematode diversity, including many species of veterinary and medical importance. Phylum-wide nematode phylogenetic hypotheses have mainly been based on nuclear rDNA sequences, but more recently complete mitochondrial (mtDNA) gene sequences have provided another source of molecular information to evaluate relationships. Although there is much agreement between nuclear rDNA and mtDNA phylogenies, relationships among certain major clades are different. In this study we report that mtDNA sequences do not support the monophyly of Ascaridida, Oxyurida and Spirurida (clade III) in contrast to results for nuclear rDNA. Results from mtDNA genomes show promise as an additional independently evolving genome for developing phylogenetic hypotheses for nematodes, although substantially increased taxon sampling is needed for enhanced comparative value with nuclear rDNA. -
Distribution of Entomopathogenic Nematodes of the Genus Heterorhabditis (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) in Bulgaria
13 Gradinarov_173 7-01-2013 9:34 Pagina 173 Nematol. medit. (2012), 40: 173-180 173 DISTRIBUTION OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES OF THE GENUS HETERORHABDITIS (RHABDITIDA: HETERORHABDITIDAE) IN BULGARIA D. Gradinarov1*, E. Petrova**, Y. Mutafchiev***, O. Karadjova** * Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 8 Dragan Tzankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria ** Institute of Soil Science, Agrotechnology and Plant Protection “N. Pushkarov”, Division of Plant Protection, Kostinbrod, Bulgaria *** Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, 2 Gagarin Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria Received: 21 September 2012; Accepted: 21 November 2012. Summary. The results from studies on entomopathogenic nematodes of the genus Heterorhabditis Poinar, 1976 (Rhabditida: Het- erorhabditidae) in Bulgaria, conducted during 1994-2010 are summarized. Of the 1,227 soil samples collected, 3.5% were positive for the presence of Heterorhabditis spp. Specimens belonging to the genus were obtained from 43 soil samples collected at 27 lo- calities in different regions of the country. Heterorhabditids were established at altitudes from 0 to 1175 m, in habitats both along the Black Sea coast and inland. The prevalent species was H. bacteriophora Poinar, 1976. Its identity was confirmed by detailed morphometric studies and molecular analyses of four recently obtained isolates. Inland, H. bacteriophora prefers alluvial soils in river valleys under herbaceous and woody vegetation. It was also found in calcareous soils with pronounced fluctuations in the temperature and water conditions. The presence of the species H. megidis Poinar, Jackson et Klein, 1987 in Bulgaria needs further confirmation. Key words: Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, morphology, molecular identification, habitat preferences. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) (Rhabditida: processing of 1,227 soil samples collected during the pe- Steinernematidae, Heterorhabditidae) are obligate para- riod November, 1994 to October, 2010 from different sites of a wide range of soil insects. -
Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Nematoda: Rhabditida: Families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) 1 Nastaran Tofangsazi, Steven P
EENY-530 Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Nematoda: Rhabditida: families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) 1 Nastaran Tofangsazi, Steven P. Arthurs, and Robin M. Giblin-Davis2 Introduction Entomopathogenic nematodes are soft bodied, non- segmented roundworms that are obligate or sometimes facultative parasites of insects. Entomopathogenic nema- todes occur naturally in soil environments and locate their host in response to carbon dioxide, vibration, and other chemical cues (Kaya and Gaugler 1993). Species in two families (Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae) have been effectively used as biological insecticides in pest man- agement programs (Grewal et al. 2005). Entomopathogenic nematodes fit nicely into integrated pest management, or IPM, programs because they are considered nontoxic to Figure 1. Infective juvenile stages of Steinernema carpocapsae clearly humans, relatively specific to their target pest(s), and can showing protective sheath formed by retaining the second stage be applied with standard pesticide equipment (Shapiro-Ilan cuticle. et al. 2006). Entomopathogenic nematodes have been Credits: James Kerrigan, UF/IFAS exempted from the US Environmental Protection Agency Life Cycle (EPA) pesticide registration. There is no need for personal protective equipment and re-entry restrictions. Insect The infective juvenile stage (IJ) is the only free living resistance problems are unlikely. stage of entomopathogenic nematodes. The juvenile stage penetrates the host insect via the spiracles, mouth, anus, or in some species through intersegmental membranes of the cuticle, and then enters into the hemocoel (Bedding and Molyneux 1982). Both Heterorhabditis and Steinernema are mutualistically associated with bacteria of the genera Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus, respectively (Ferreira and 1. This document is EENY-530, one of a series of the Department of Entomology and Nematology, UF/IFAS Extension. -
Moths of Ohio Guide
MOTHS OF OHIO field guide DIVISION OF WILDLIFE This booklet is produced by the ODNR Division of Wildlife as a free publication. This booklet is not for resale. Any unauthorized INTRODUCTION reproduction is prohibited. All images within this booklet are copyrighted by the Division of Wildlife and it’s contributing artists and photographers. For additional information, please call 1-800-WILDLIFE. Text by: David J. Horn Ph.D Moths are one of the most diverse and plentiful HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE groups of insects in Ohio, and the world. An es- Scientific Name timated 160,000 species have thus far been cata- Common Name Group and Family Description: Featured Species logued worldwide, and about 13,000 species have Secondary images 1 Primary Image been found in North America north of Mexico. Secondary images 2 Occurrence We do not yet have a clear picture of the total Size: when at rest number of moth species in Ohio, as new species Visual Index Ohio Distribution are still added annually, but the number of species Current Page Description: Habitat & Host Plant is certainly over 3,000. Although not as popular Credit & Copyright as butterflies, moths are far more numerous than their better known kin. There is at least twenty Compared to many groups of animals, our knowledge of moth distribution is very times the number of species of moths in Ohio as incomplete. Many areas of the state have not been thoroughly surveyed and in some there are butterflies. counties hardly any species have been documented. Accordingly, the distribution maps in this booklet have three levels of shading: 1. -
Small Ermine Moths Role of Pheromones in Reproductive Isolation and Speciation
CHAPTER THIRTEEN Small Ermine Moths Role of Pheromones in Reproductive Isolation and Speciation MARJORIE A. LIÉNARD and CHRISTER LÖFSTEDT INTRODUCTION Role of antagonists as enhancers of reproductive isolation and interspecific interactions THE EVOLUTION TOWARDS SPECIALIZED HOST-PLANT ASSOCIATIONS SUMMARY: AN EMERGING MODEL SYSTEM IN RESEARCH ON THE ROLE OF SEX PHEROMONES IN SPECIATION—TOWARD A NEW SEX PHEROMONES AND OTHER ECOLOGICAL FACTORS “SMALL ERMINE MOTH PROJECT”? INVOLVED IN REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION Overcoming the system limitations Overview of sex-pheromone composition Possible areas of future study Temporal and behavioral niches contributing to species separation ACKNOWLEDGMENTS PHEROMONE BIOSYNTHESIS AND MODULATION REFERENCES CITED OF BLEND RATIOS MALE PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BEHAVIORAL RESPONSE Detection of pheromone and plant compounds Introduction onomic investigations were based on examination of adult morphological characters (e.g., wing-spot size and color, geni- Small ermine moths belong to the genus Yponomeuta (Ypo- talia) (Martouret 1966), which did not allow conclusive dis- nomeutidae) that comprises about 75 species distributed glob- crimination of all species, leading to recognition of the so- ally but mainly in the Palearctic region (Gershenson and called padellus-species complex (Friese 1960) which later Ulenberg 1998). These moths are a useful model to decipher proved to include five species (Wiegand 1962; Herrebout et al. the process of speciation, in particular the importance of eco- 1975; Povel 1984). logical adaptation driven by host-plant shifts and the utiliza- In the 1970s, “the small ermine moth project” was initiated tion of species-specific pheromone mating-signals as prezy- to include research on many aspects of the small ermine gotic reproductive isolating mechanisms.