Einführung in Das Studium Der Radiolarien
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First Application of PDMPO to Examine Silicification in Polycystine Radiolaria
Plankton Benthos Res 4(3): 89–94, 2009 Plankton & Benthos Research © The Plankton Society of Japan First application of PDMPO to examine silicification in polycystine Radiolaria KAORU OGANE1,*, AKIHIRO TUJI2, NORITOSHI SUZUKI1, TOSHIYUKI KURIHARA3 & ATSUSHI MATSUOKA4 1 Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980–8578, Japan 2 Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, 305–0005, Japan 3 Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950–2181, Japan 4 Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata 950–2181, Japan Received 4 February 2009; Accepted 10 April 2009 Abstract: 2-(4-pyridyl)-5-[(4-(2-dimethylaminoethylaminocarbamoyl)methoxy)-phenyl] oxazole (PDMPO) is a fluo- rescent compound that accumulates in acidic cell compartments. PDMPO is accumulated with silica under acidic con- ditions, and the newly developed silica skeletons show green fluorescent light. This study is the first to use PDMPO in polycystine radiolarians, which are unicellular planktonic protists. We tested Acanthodesmia sp., Rhizosphaera trigo- nacantha, and Spirocyrtis scalaris for emission of green fluorescence. Entire skeletons of Acanthodesmia sp. and Sr. scalaris emitted green fluorescent light, whereas only the outermost shell and radial spines of Rz. trigonacantha showed fluorescence. Two additional species, Spongaster tetras tetras and Rhopalastrum elegans did not show fluorescence. Green fluorescence of the entire skeleton is more like the “skeletal thickening growth” defined by silica deposition throughout the surface of the existing skeleton. The brightness of the fluorescence varied with each cell. This difference in fluorescence may reflect the rate of growth in these cells. Green fluorescence in PDMPO-treated polycystines sug- gests the presence of similar metabolic systems with controlled pH. -
Radiozoa (Acantharia, Phaeodaria and Radiolaria) and Heliozoa
MICC16 26/09/2005 12:21 PM Page 188 CHAPTER 16 Radiozoa (Acantharia, Phaeodaria and Radiolaria) and Heliozoa Cavalier-Smith (1987) created the phylum Radiozoa to Radiating outwards from the central capsule are the include the marine zooplankton Acantharia, Phaeodaria pseudopodia, either as thread-like filopodia or as and Radiolaria, united by the presence of a central axopodia, which have a central rod of fibres for rigid- capsule. Only the Radiolaria including the siliceous ity. The ectoplasm typically contains a zone of frothy, Polycystina (which includes the orders Spumellaria gelatinous bubbles, collectively termed the calymma and Nassellaria) and the mixed silica–organic matter and a swarm of yellow symbiotic algae called zooxan- Phaeodaria are preserved in the fossil record. The thellae. The calymma in some spumellarian Radiolaria Acantharia have a skeleton of strontium sulphate can be so extensive as to obscure the skeleton. (i.e. celestine SrSO4). The radiolarians range from the A mineralized skeleton is usually present within the Cambrian and have a virtually global, geographical cell and comprises, in the simplest forms, either radial distribution and a depth range from the photic zone or tangential elements, or both. The radial elements down to the abyssal plains. Radiolarians are most useful consist of loose spicules, external spines or internal for biostratigraphy of Mesozoic and Cenozoic deep sea bars. They may be hollow or solid and serve mainly to sediments and as palaeo-oceanographical indicators. support the axopodia. The tangential elements, where Heliozoa are free-floating protists with roughly present, generally form a porous lattice shell of very spherical shells and thread-like pseudopodia that variable morphology, such as spheres, spindles and extend radially over a delicate silica endoskeleton. -
Order Spumellaria Family Collosphaeridae
Order Spumellaria Family Collosphaeridae Acrosphaera murrayana (Haeckel) (Figure 15.19) [=Polysolenia murrayana]. Large pores, each surrounded by a crown of short spines. Shell diameter: 70-180 µm. Ref: Strelkov and Reshetnjak (1971), Nigrini and Moore (1979). Acrosphaera spinosa (Haeckel) group? (Figure 1D, 15.18) [=Polysolenia spinosa, ?P. lappacea, ?P. flammabunda]. Irregular pores and many irregularly arranged spines scattered about the surface, some of the latter extending from the pore-rims. Spine and pore patterns are variable. Shell diameter: 60-160 µm. Ref: Strelkov and Reshetnjak (1971), Boltovskoy and Riedel (1980). Buccinosphaera invaginata Haeckel (Figure 15.17) [=Collosphaera imvaginata]. The smooth shell produces several pored tubes directed toward the center of the sphere. Rather small, irregular pores. Shell diameter: 100-130 µm. Ref: Strelkov and Reshetnjak (1971), Nigrini (1971). 35 Collosphaera huxleyi Müller (Figure 1E, 15.13). Shells with small to medium-sized pores scattered about the surface only; no spines or tubes. Shell diameter: 80-150 µm. Ref: Strelkov and Reshetnjak (1971), Boltovskoy and Riedel (1980). Collosphaera macropora Popofsky (Figure 15.15). No spines or tubes on shell surface; few very large pores, sometimes angular. Shell diameter: 100-120 µm. Ref: Strelkov and Reshetnjak (1971), Boltovskoy and Riedel (1980). Collosphaera tuberosa Haeckel (Figure 15.14). No spines or tubes on shell surface, but with conspicuous lumps and depressions; many small, irregularly shaped pores. Shell diameter: 50-300 µm. Ref: Strelkov and Reshetnjak (1971), Boltovskoy and Riedel (1980). Siphonosphaera martensi Brandt (Figure 15.20). Each pore bears a short centrifugal tube, tube walls are imperforate. Shell diameter: 90-100 µm. Ref: Strelkov and Reshetnjak (1971). -
The Horizontal Distribution of Siliceous Planktonic Radiolarian Community in the Eastern Indian Ocean
water Article The Horizontal Distribution of Siliceous Planktonic Radiolarian Community in the Eastern Indian Ocean Sonia Munir 1 , John Rogers 2 , Xiaodong Zhang 1,3, Changling Ding 1,4 and Jun Sun 1,5,* 1 Research Centre for Indian Ocean Ecosystem, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; [email protected] (S.M.); [email protected] (X.Z.); [email protected] (C.D.) 2 Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Acton 2601, Australia; [email protected] 3 Department of Ocean Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong 4 College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China 5 College of Marine Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-606-011-16 Received: 9 October 2020; Accepted: 3 December 2020; Published: 13 December 2020 Abstract: The plankton radiolarian community was investigated in the spring season during the two-month cruise ‘Shiyan1’ (10 April–13 May 2014) in the Eastern Indian Ocean. This is the first comprehensive plankton tow study to be carried out from 44 sampling stations across the entire area (80.00◦–96.10◦ E, 10.08◦ N–6.00◦ S) of the Eastern Indian Ocean. The plankton tow samples were collected from a vertical haul from a depth 200 m to the surface. During the cruise, conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) measurements were taken of temperature, salinity and chlorophyll a from the surface to 200 m depth. Shannon–Wiener’s diversity index (H’) and the dominance index (Y) were used to analyze community structure. -
Articles and Minimizes the Loss of Material
Clim. Past, 16, 2415–2429, 2020 https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2415-2020 © Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Technical note: A new automated radiolarian image acquisition, stacking, processing, segmentation and identification workflow Martin Tetard1, Ross Marchant1,a, Giuseppe Cortese2, Yves Gally1, Thibault de Garidel-Thoron1, and Luc Beaufort1 1Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, Coll France, INRAE, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France 2GNS Science, Lower Hutt, New Zealand apresent address: School of Electrical Engineering and Robotics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia Correspondence: Martin Tetard ([email protected]) Received: 3 June 2020 – Discussion started: 9 July 2020 Revised: 22 September 2020 – Accepted: 5 October 2020 – Published: 2 December 2020 Abstract. Identification of microfossils is usually done ing, processing, segmentation and recognition, is entirely by expert taxonomists and requires time and a significant automated via a LabVIEW interface, and it takes approx- amount of systematic knowledge developed over many years. imately 1 h per sample. Census data count and classi- These studies require manual identification of numerous fied radiolarian images are then automatically exported and specimens in many samples under a microscope, which is saved. This new workflow paves the way for the analysis very tedious and time-consuming. Furthermore, identifica- of long-term, radiolarian-based palaeoclimatic records from tion may differ between operators, biasing reproducibility. siliceous-remnant-bearing samples. Recent technological advances in image acquisition, pro- cessing and recognition now enable automated procedures for this process, from microscope image acquisition to taxo- nomic identification. 1 Introduction A new workflow has been developed for automated radio- larian image acquisition, stacking, processing, segmentation The term radiolarians currently refers to the polycystine ra- and identification. -
Carbon and Nitrogen Content to Biovolume Relationships for Marine Protist of the Rhizaria Lineage (Radiolaria and Phaeodaria)
Limnol. Oceanogr. 66, 2021, 1703–1717 © 2021 The Authors. Limnology and Oceanography published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography. doi: 10.1002/lno.11714 Carbon and nitrogen content to biovolume relationships for marine protist of the Rhizaria lineage (Radiolaria and Phaeodaria) Joost Samir Mansour ,1* Andreas Norlin ,2,3 Natalia Llopis Monferrer ,1,4 Stéphane L’Helguen ,4 Fabrice Not 1* 1CNRS and Sorbonne University, UMR7144, Adaptation and Diversity in Marine Environment (AD2M) Laboratory, Ecology of Marine Plankton Team, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, Roscoff, France 2School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK 3Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, Belgium 4CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, UMR 6539 Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement Marin (LEMAR), IUEM, Université de Bretagne Occidentale—Brest, Plouzané, France Abstract Rhizaria are large protistan cells that have been shown to be a major component of the planktic community in the oceans and contribute significantly to major biogeochemical cycles such as carbon or silicon. However, unlike for many other protists, limited data is available on rhizarian cellular carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content and cell volume. Here we present novel C and N mass to volume equations and ratios for nine Rhizaria taxa belonging to Radiolaria (i.e., Collozoum, Sphaerozoum, Collosphaeridae, Acantharia, Nassellaria, and Spumellaria) and Phaeodaria (i.e., Aulacantha, Protocystis, and Challengeria). The C and N content of collodarian − cells was significantly correlated to cell volume as expressed by the mass : vol equations ng C cell 1 = −13.51 − + 0.1524 × biovolume (μm3) or ng N cell 1 = −4.33 + 0.0249 × biovolume (μm3). -
Diversity of Radiolarian Families Through Time
o Bull. Soc. géol. Fr., 2003, t. 174, n 5, pp. 453-469 Séance spécialisée : Paléobiodiversité, crises et paléoenvironnements Paris, 11-13 décembre 2001 Diversity of radiolarian families through time PATRICK DE WEVER1,LUIS O’DOGHERTY2,MARTIAL CARIDROIT3,PAULIAN DUMITRICA4,JEAN GUEX4, CATHERINE NIGRINI5 and JEAN-PIERRE CAULET1 Key Words. – Radiolaria, Family, Diversity, Palaeozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic, Extinction, Radiation, Protocists. Abstract. – The examination of radiolarian biodiversity at the family level through Phanerozoic time reveals some gene- ral trends known in other groups of organisms, especially among plankton, while some other trends seem to be quite pe- culiar. The Permian /Triassic crisis that is one of the most important in the evolution of marine organisms, is marked in radiolarian assemblages by the extinction of two orders (Albaillellaria and Latentifistularia) towards the end of the Per- mian, and mostly by the tremendous diversification of Spumellaria and Nassellaria in the early-mid Triassic. Radiola- rian diversity increased from Cambrian to Jurassic, remained quite stable during the Cretaceous and has decreased slightly since then. Diversité des familles de radiolaires au cours du temps Mots clés. – Radiolaires, Famille, Diversité, Paléozoïque, Mésozoïque, Cénozoïque, Extinction, Radiation, Protoctistes. Résumé. – L’examen de la biodiversité des radiolaires, au niveau de la famille au cours du Phanérozoïque révèle quel- ques tendances générales connues chez d’autres groupes d’organismes, surtout dans le plancton, alors que d’autres ten- dances leur sont particulières. La crise permo-triasique, l’une des plus importantes dans l’évolution des organismes marins, est marquée chez les radiolaires par l’extinction de deux familles (Albaillellaria et Latentifistularia) vers la fin du Permien, mais surtout par une énorme diversification des spumellaires et nassellaires au Trias inférieur et moyen. -
First Application of PDMPO to Examine Silicification in Polycystine Radiolaria
Plankton Benthos Res 4(3): 89–94, 2009 Plankton & Benthos Research © The Plankton Society of Japan First application of PDMPO to examine silicification in polycystine Radiolaria KAORU OGANE1,*, AKIHIRO TUJI2, NORITOSHI SUZUKI1, TOSHIYUKI KURIHARA3 & ATSUSHI MATSUOKA4 1 Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980–8578, Japan 2 Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, 305–0005, Japan 3 Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950–2181, Japan 4 Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata 950–2181, Japan Received 4 February 2009; Accepted 10 April 2009 Abstract: 2-(4-pyridyl)-5-[(4-(2-dimethylaminoethylaminocarbamoyl)methoxy)-phenyl] oxazole (PDMPO) is a fluo- rescent compound that accumulates in acidic cell compartments. PDMPO is accumulated with silica under acidic con- ditions, and the newly developed silica skeletons show green fluorescent light. This study is the first to use PDMPO in polycystine radiolarians, which are unicellular planktonic protists. We tested Acanthodesmia sp., Rhizosphaera trigo- nacantha, and Spirocyrtis scalaris for emission of green fluorescence. Entire skeletons of Acanthodesmia sp. and Sr. scalaris emitted green fluorescent light, whereas only the outermost shell and radial spines of Rz. trigonacantha showed fluorescence. Two additional species, Spongaster tetras tetras and Rhopalastrum elegans did not show fluorescence. Green fluorescence of the entire skeleton is more like the “skeletal thickening growth” defined by silica deposition throughout the surface of the existing skeleton. The brightness of the fluorescence varied with each cell. This difference in fluorescence may reflect the rate of growth in these cells. Green fluorescence in PDMPO-treated polycystines sug- gests the presence of similar metabolic systems with controlled pH. -
Unveiling the Role of Rhizaria in the Silicon Cycle Natalia Llopis Monferrer
Unveiling the role of Rhizaria in the silicon cycle Natalia Llopis Monferrer To cite this version: Natalia Llopis Monferrer. Unveiling the role of Rhizaria in the silicon cycle. Other. Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2020. English. NNT : 2020BRES0041. tel-03259625 HAL Id: tel-03259625 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03259625 Submitted on 14 Jun 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THESE DE DOCTORAT DE L'UNIVERSITE DE BRETAGNE OCCIDENTALE ECOLE DOCTORALE N° 598 Sciences de la Mer et du littoral Spécialité : Chimie Marine Par Natalia LLOPIS MONFERRER Unveiling the role of Rhizaria in the silicon cycle (Rôle des Rhizaria dans le cycle du silicium) Thèse présentée et soutenue à PLouzané, le 18 septembre 2020 Unité de recherche : Laboratoire de Sciences de l’Environnement Marin Rapporteurs avant soutenance : Diana VARELA Professor, Université de Victoria, Canada Giuseppe CORTESE Senior Scientist, GNS Science, Nouvelle Zélande Composition du Jury : Président : Géraldine SARTHOU Directrice de recherche, CNRS, LEMAR, Brest, France Examinateurs : Diana VARELA Professor, Université de Victoria, Canada Giuseppe CORTESE Senior Scientist, GNS Science, Nouvelle Zélande Colleen DURKIN Research Faculty, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, Etats Unis Tristan BIARD Maître de Conférences, Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, France Dir. -
Radiolarian Distribution in Equatorial Pacifie Plankton East
OCEANOLOGICA ACTA 1985 -VOL. 8 - N• 1 ~---- Tropical Pacifie Zooplankton distribution Living radiolaria distribution Radiolarian distribution In East Radiolaria Pacifique tropical Distribution du zooplancton equatorial Pacifie plankton Distribution des radiolaires vivants Radiolaria Demetrio Boltovskoy, Silvia S. Jankilevich Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas, Departamento de Ciencias Biol6gicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina. Received 2/1/84, in revised form 10/5/84, accepted 22/6/84. ABSTRACT On the basis of radiolarian data, four major areas can be recognized in the Eastern equatorial Pacifie Ocean (transected from approximately 9°N, 80°W to 2°N, 140°W to l7°N, 155°W): 1) Between 5°N, 80°W and 2°N, 95°W, with high overall productivity and low radiolarian abundance and diversity; Spongodiscus sp. A, and to a lesser extent D. tetrathalamus, are the dominating taxa in this assemblage. 2) Along the equator, between approximately 95°W and 140°W. The productivity and planktonic standing stock of this area decrease to the west, while its radiolarian diversity and abundance increa.se, as well as the diversity of sorne other zooplankters. This area can be further subdivided into two sections at 124°W, the western one being conspicuously richer both quanti- and qualitatively than the eastern section. 0. stenozona + T. octacantha are characteristic of this area. 3) From approximately 6°N, 138°W to 10°N, 142°W; radiolarian abundance and diversity drop sharply, as weil as overall planktonic productivity and standing stock. 4) From approximately 10°N, 142°W to 17°N, 153°W; there is a further decrease in radiolarian abundance and diversity. -
Modern Incursions of Tropical Radiolaria Into the Arctic Ocean
research-articlePapersXXX10.1144/0262-821X11-030K. R. BjørklundTropical Radiolaria in the Arctic Ocean 2012 Journal of Micropalaeontology, 31: 139 –158. © 2012 The Micropalaeontological Society Modern incursions of tropical Radiolaria into the Arctic Ocean KJELL R. BJØRKLUND1, SVETLANA B. KRUGLIKOVA2 & O. ROGER ANDERSON3* 1Natural History Museum, Department of Geology, University of Oslo, PO Box 1172 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway. 2P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nakhimovsky Prospect 36, 117883 Moscow, Russia. 3Biology and Paleo Environment, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964, USA. *Corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected]) ABSTRAct – Plankton samples obtained by the Norwegian Polar Institute (August, 2010) in an area north of Svalbard contained an unusual abundance of tropical and subtropical radiolarian taxa (98 in 145 total observed taxa), not typically found at these high latitudes. A detailed analysis of the composition and abundance of these Radiolaria suggests that a pulse of warm Atlantic water entered the Norwegian Sea and finally entered into the Arctic Ocean, where evidence of both juvenile and adult forms suggests they may have established viable populations. Among radiolarians in general, this may be a good example of ecotypic plasticity. Radiolaria, with their high species number and characteristic morphology, can serve as a useful monitoring tool for pulses of warm water into the Arctic Ocean. Further analyses should be followed up in future years to monitor the fate of these unique plankton assemblages and to determine variation in north- ward distribution and possible penetration into the polar basin. The fate of this tropical fauna (persistence, disappearance, or genetic intermingling with existing taxa) is presently unknown. -
An Evaluated List of Cenozic-Recent Radiolarian Species Names (Polycystinea), Based on Those Used in the DSDP, ODP and IODP Deep-Sea Drilling Programs
Zootaxa 3999 (3): 301–333 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3999.3.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:69B048D3-7189-4DC0-80C0-983565F41C83 An evaluated list of Cenozic-Recent radiolarian species names (Polycystinea), based on those used in the DSDP, ODP and IODP deep-sea drilling programs DAVID LAZARUS1, NORITOSHI SUZUKI2, JEAN-PIERRE CAULET3, CATHERINE NIGRINI4†, IRINA GOLL5, ROBERT GOLL5, JANE K. DOLVEN6, PATRICK DIVER7 & ANNIKA SANFILIPPO8 1Museum für Naturkunde, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] 2Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578 Japan. E-mail: [email protected] 3242 rue de la Fure, Charavines, 38850 France. E-mail: [email protected] 4deceased 5Natural Science Dept, Blinn College, 2423 Blinn Blvd, Bryan, Texas 77805, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 6Minnehallveien 27b, 3290 Stavern, Norway. E-mail: [email protected] 7Divdat Consulting, 1392 Madison 6200, Wesley, Arkansas 72773, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 8Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract A first reasonably comprehensive evaluated list of radiolarian names in current use is presented, covering Cenozoic fossil to Recent species of the primary fossilising subgroup Polycystinea. It is based on those species names that have appeared in the literature of the Deep Sea Drilling Project and its successor programs, the Ocean Drilling Program and Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, plus additional information from the published literature, and several unpublished taxonomic da- tabase projects.