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Development Assistance for Peacebuilding Development Assistance for Peacebuilding Development assistance to fragile states and conflict-affected areas can be a core component of peacebuilding, providing support for the restoration of government functions, delivery of basic services, the rule of law, and eco- nomic revitalization. What has worked, why it has worked, and what is scalable and transferable are key questions for both development practice and research into how peace is built and the interactive role of domestic and international processes therein. Despite a wealth of research into these questions, significant gaps remain. This volume speaks to these gaps through new analysis of a selected set of well-regarded aid interventions. Drawing on diverse scholarly and policy expertise, eight case study chapters span multiple domains and regions to analyse Afghanistan’s National Solidarity Programme, the Yemen Social Fund for Development, public financial management reform in Sierra Leone, Finn Church Aid’s assistance in Somalia, Liberia’s gender-sensitive police reform, the judicial facilitators programme in Nicaragua, UNICEF’s educa- tion projects in Somalia, and World Bank health projects in Timor-Leste. Analysis illustrates the significance of three broad factors in understanding why some aid interventions work better than others: the area of intervention and related degree of engagement with state institutions, local contextual factors such as windows of opportunity and the degree of local support, and programme design and management. This book was originally published as a special issue of the journal International Peacekeeping, and is available online as an Open Access mon- ograph. Rachel M. Gisselquist is a political scientist and currently a research fellow with the United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU-WIDER). She works on the politics of the developing world, with particular attention to ethnic politics and group-based inequality, state fragility, governance, and democratization in sub-Saharan Africa. She holds a PhD from MIT, USA. Development Assistance for Peacebuilding Edited by Rachel M. Gisselquist First published 2018 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN, UK and by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2018 UNU-WIDER. Originally published as Open Access. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.tandfebooks.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 13: 978-1-138-08046-1 Typeset in Sabon by diacriTech, Chennai Publisher’s Note The publisher accepts responsibility for any inconsistencies that may have arisen during the conversion of this book from journal articles to book chapters, namely the possible inclusion of journal terminology. Disclaimer Every effort has been made to contact copyright holders for their permission to reprint material in this book. The publishers would be grateful to hear from any copyright holder who is not here acknowledged and will undertake to rectify any errors or omissions in future editions of this book. v Contents Citation Information vii Notes on Contributors ix 1 Good Aid in Hard Places: Learning from ‘Successful’ Interventions in Fragile Situations 1 Rachel M. Gisselquist 2 The National Solidarity Programme: Assessing the Effects of Community-Driven Development in Afghanistan 20 Andrew Beath, Fotini Christia and Ruben Enikolopov 3 The Yemen Social Fund for Development: An Effective Community-Based Approach amid Political Instability 39 Lamis Al-Iryani, Alain De Janvry and Elisabeth Sadoulet 4 Substantial but Uneven Achievement: Selected Success When Stars Align. Public Financial Management Reforms in Sierra Leone 55 Heidi Tavakoli, Ismaila B. Cessay and Winston Percy Onipede Cole 5 ‘Embedded’ Assistance: Finn Church Aid’s Secondment in Somalia 72 Rauli S. Lepistö, Rachel M. Gisselquist and Jussi Ojala 6 Liberia’s Gender-Sensitive Police Reform: Improving Representation and Responsiveness in a Post-Conflict Setting 90 Laura Bacon v CONTENTS 7 Impact Assessment of the Facilitadores Judiciales Programme in Nicaragua 116 Martin Gramatikov, Maurits Barendrecht, Margot Kokke, Robert Porter, Morly Frishman and Andrea Morales 8 Education from the Bottom Up: UNICEF’s Education Programme in Somalia 137 James H. Williams and William C. Cummings 9 The World Bank’s Health Projects in Timor-Leste: The Political Economy of Effective Aid 153 Andrew Rosser and Sharna Bremner Index 171 vi vii Citation Information The chapters in this book were originally published in International Peacekeeping, volume 22, issue 4 (August 2015). When citing this material, please use the original page numbering for each article, as follows: Chapter 1 Good Aid in Hard Places: Learning from ‘Successful’ Interventions in Fragile Situations Rachel M. Gisselquist International Peacekeeping, volume 22, issue 4 (August 2015) pp. 283–301 Chapter 2 The National Solidarity Programme: Assessing the Effects of Community-Driven Development in Afghanistan Andrew Beath, Fotini Christia and Ruben Enikolopov International Peacekeeping, volume 22, issue 4 (August 2015) pp. 302–320 Chapter 3 The Yemen Social Fund for Development: An Effective Community-Based Approach amid Political Instability Lamis Al-Iryani, Alain De Janvry and Elisabeth Sadoulet International Peacekeeping, volume 22, issue 4 (August 2015) pp. 321–336 Chapter 4 Substantial but Uneven Achievement: Selected Success When Stars Align. Public Financial Management Reforms in Sierra Leone Heidi Tavakoli, Ismaila B. Cessay and Winston Percy Onipede Cole International Peacekeeping, volume 22, issue 4 (August 2015) pp. 337–353 Chapter 5 ‘Embedded’ Assistance: Finn Church Aid’s Secondment in Somalia Rauli S. Lepistö, Rachel M. Gisselquist and Jussi Ojala International Peacekeeping, volume 22, issue 4 (August 2015) pp. 354–371 vi vii CITATION INFORMATION Chapter 6 Liberia’s Gender-Sensitive Police Reform: Improving Representation and Responsiveness in a Post-Conflict Setting Laura Bacon International Peacekeeping, volume 22, issue 4 (August 2015) pp. 372–397 Chapter 7 Impact Assessment of the Facilitadores Judiciales Programme in Nicaragua Martin Gramatikov, Maurits Barendrecht, Margot Kokke, Robert Porter, Morly Frishman and Andrea Morales International Peacekeeping, volume 22, issue 4 (August 2015) pp. 398–418 Chapter 8 Education from the Bottom Up: UNICEF’s Education Programme in Somalia James H. Williams and William C. Cummings International Peacekeeping, volume 22, issue 4 (August 2015) pp. 419–434 Chapter 9 The World Bank’s Health Projects in Timor-Leste: The Political Economy of Effective Aid Andrew Rosser and Sharna Bremner International Peacekeeping, volume 22, issue 4 (August 2015) pp. 435–451 For any permission-related enquiries please visit: http://www.tandfonline.com/page/help/permissions viii ix Notes on Contributors Lamis Al-Iryani is Head of the monitoring and evaluation unit of the Social Fund for Development (SFD) in Yemen. She led all major internal evalu- ations of the SFD since 2003 and has been providing strategic, policy and operational advice to the Fund’s management. Laura Bacon is Principal, Policy for the Governance and Citizen Engagement Initiative at Omidyar Network, a philanthropic investing firm. She is based in London, UK. Maurits Barendrecht is a full professor in private law and conflict systems at Tilburg University, the Netherlands. Andrew Beath works for the World Bank’s Office of the Chief Economist for East Asia and the Pacific. Sharna Bremner is a PhD candidate in Development Studies at the University of Adelaide, Australia. Ismaila B. Cessay is currently a lead financial management specialist of the World Bank in the Governance Global Practice. Fotini Christia is an associate professor of political science at MIT, USA. She has carried out extensive ethnographic, survey, and experimental research in Afghanistan and Bosnia and is currently working on projects in Yemen and Iraq. William C. Cummings is Professor Emeritus of International Education and International Affairs at the George Washington University, USA. Winston Percy Onipede Cole is currently a senior financial management specialist of the World Bank in the Governance Global Practice and has led wide-ranging Public Financial Management (PFM) reforms in Nigeria, Liberia, Ghana, the Gambia, Kenya, Rwanda, and Somalia. ix NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS Alain De Janvry is professor of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Public Policy at the University of California at Berkeley, USA, where he teaches development economics. Ruben Enikolopov is ICREA Research Professor at Barcelona Institute of Political Economy and Governance, UPF, and Associate Professor of economics at the New Economic School, Moscow. Morly Frishman studied law at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, and the University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands. His work experience includes diverse positions such as a justice sector advisor at HiiL Innovating Justice and legal clerk at the International Criminal Court, The Hague, the Netherlands. Rachel M. Gisselquist is a research fellow with the United Nations University World
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