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It Depends Which Way the Wind Blows: An integrated assessment of projected climate change impacts and adaptation options for the Alinytjara Wilurara Natural Resources Management region FINAL REPORT June 2012 ISBN 978 1 921800 42 9 1 FOREWORD As stated by Warwick Baird, at the 2008 Climate change and Indigenous Peoples conference in Perth “ ... climate change was impacting and was going to impact even more on indigenous peoples globally in a unique way, because of this deep engagement they have with the land. “ Aboriginal and Torres Strait people have the care and control of over 20% of the land in Australia and this link is recognised internationally. Engagement with the first nation peoples over the policies and directions of climate change initiatives needs to be a focus of national and state programs. Aboriginal people across South Australia need to be fully included in climate change discussions, particularly about how it will affect their culture, their land and water resources, so they can make informed decisions about what to do next. The Alinytjara Wilurara Natural Resource Management Board acknowledges some progress at a Federal level towards this and that more clarity is needed for communities to be able to understand what is available to support them. The Natural Resource Management Boards are a good conduit to help this process The Board with the support of communities and Adelaide University developed this report as the first of many steps needed in our Region to look at the impact of climate change on the land and possible effects on community’s ability to look after that land. The Board was keen that this was not just a document of words about climate change but gave some ideas for projects that with support of all levels of government can assist communities look after their country under the reality of climate change. Some community comments from the initial consultations have been included. Aboriginal groups need more information, consultation and resourcing in developing their own programs to turn the points raised in this report into reality on the ground and the Board is determined that this occurs. 2 FINAL REPORT JUNE 2012 for the Alinytjara Wilurara Natural Resources Management Regional Board Authors Douglas K. Bardsley and Nathanael D. Wiseman Geography, Environment and Population, The University of Adelaide, South Australia Email: [email protected] & [email protected] Acknowledgements This work has been financially supported by the Alinytjara Wilurara Natural Resources Management Regional Board. The authors would like to acknowledge the assistance of a number of important contributors. Thanks to the many Anangu elders and other community members for welcoming Douglas to their communities on the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands, and providing valuable insights into their relationships with country, climate and the natural resource management processes. Special thanks to John and Nan Kite of Watarru for facilitating the workshops, for organising transport and accommodation, and for supplying the biggest barbeque on Earth! Lena Taylor and Rose Lester did a fantastic job with the translation and along with Garry Lewis provided many valuable opinions on important local issues. Thanks to Neil Collins, who provided vital support to develop and undertake the project, and to Karan Coombe-Smith, Trevor Naismith and Bruce Campbell, who organized the very enjoyable and rewarding workshops. Thanks also to Ken Bardsley for undertaking a comprehensive edit of the work at a late stage. Finally, Douglas would like to thank the late Reverend Ron Trudinger and his wife Sue, who introduced him to the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands in the early 1990’s. Image 1. A storm front over the Alinytjara Wilurara Natural Resources Management Region (Photo: D Bardsley) 3 3 Contents Page Foreword from AW NRM Board.................................................................................................. 2 Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................... 3 List of Tables, Figures and Photographic Images .................................................................... 6 1. Executive summary ……………………………………………................................................ 9 2. Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………......... 21 3. Projected climate change for the AW NRM region .………………………………………… 31 3.1 Existing climate conditions for the AW NRM region ………………………………. 31 3.2 Climate change projections for the AW NRM region ……………….……………… 34 3.3 Summary of climate change trends and projections ……………………………….. 44 3.4 Suggested Example Climate Projects .................................................................... 46 4. Flood Management, Surface Water and Groundwater Resources ............................. 47 4.1 Section Summary .................................................................................................. 47 4.2 Climate Change Impacts ....................................................................................... 47 4.3 Adaptation Response ............................................................................................ 57 4.4 Suggested Example Water Projects ..................................................................... 59 5. Biodiversity Conservation ............................................................................................. 62 5.1 Section Summary .................................................................................................. 62 5.2 Climate Change Impacts ....................................................................................... 62 5.3 Adaptation Response ............................................................................................. 79 5.4 Suggested Example Biodiversity Projects ............................................................. 82 6. Invasive Species Management ...................................................................................... 85 6.1 Section Summary .................................................................................................. 85 6.2 Climate Change Impacts ....................................................................................... 85 6.3 Adaptation Response ............................................................................................. 95 6.4 Suggested Example Invasive Species Projects ..................................................... 96 7. Land Management & Desertification ............................................................................ 98 4 7.1 Section Summary .................................................................................................. 98 7.2 Land Management Climate Change Impacts ........................................................ 98 7.3 Land Management Adaptation Response ............................................................ 101 7.4 Desertification Climate Change Impacts ……………………………………………. 102 7.5 Desertification Adaptation Response ………………………………………………... 105 7.6 Suggested Example Land Management & Desertification Projects ..................... 106 8. Coastal Management .......................................................................................................... 107 8.1 Section Summary ..................................................................................................... 107 8.2 Climate Change Impacts ....................................................................................... 107 8.3 Adaptation Response ............................................................................................ 110 8.4 Suggested Example Coastal Projects ..................................................................... 110 9. Conclusion: Where to from here? ..................................................................................... 112 9.1 People .......... .......................................................................................................... 114 9.2 Country and Water ……………………………………………………………………….. 122 9.3 Final Word.................................................................................................................... 128 Appendix 1. Statement and guiding questions for workshops …………………………….. 129 Appendix 2. Workshop summaries …………………………………………………………….... 131 Appendix 3. Glossary ……………………………………………………………………………..... 136 Appendix 4. All Example projects………………………………………………………………..... 142 References …………………………………………………………………………………………...... 150 5 5 List of Tables, Figures and Photographic Images Tables Table 1. Summary of major projected climate change for the Alinytjara Wilurara Natural Resources Management Region to 2030 Table 2. Summary of climate change vulnerability analyses for natural resource management in the Alinytjara Wilurara Region Table 3. Summary of Vulnerability, Climate Change Impacts, Adaptation Options and Suggested Example Projects for the Alinytjara Wilurara Natural Resources Management Region Table 4. Annual climate statistics at six points in and around the Alinytjara Wilurara Natural Resources Management region Table 5. Summary of major projected climate change impacts for the Alinytjara Wilurara Natural Resources Management Region to 2030 Table 6. Vulnerability to flooding due to climate change in the Alinytjara Wilurara Natural Resources Management Table 7. Summary of primary surface water resources in Alinytjara Wilurara Natural Resources Management region Table 8. Selected
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