Emu Protocol (Greece)
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Task Force on Economic and Monetary Union Briefing 22 First
Task Force on Economic and Monetary Union Briefing 22 First revision Prepared by the Directorate General for Research Economic Affairs Division The opinions expressed are those of the author, and do not necessarily reflect the position of the European Parliament Although Greece is making remarkable progress towards economic convergence, it remains the only EU country that does not satisfy any of the Maastricht criteria. Luxembourg 28th. April 1998 PE 166.453/rev.1 EMU and Greece Contents Introduction 3 Fulfilment of the Criteria 4 a) Inflation 4 b) Long-term interest rates 5 c) Budget deficit as a percentage of GDP 6 d) Public debt as a percentage of GDP 7 e) Exchange rate stability 9 f) Independence of the Greek Central Bank 9 g) Growth and Unemployment 10 h) Balance of Payments 12 The Political background 13 a) Government policy 13 b) The Opposition 13 c) Industry 13 d) Trade Unions 14 e) Privatization 15 f) The Press 15 g) Public opinion 15 Tables and Charts Table 1: Convergence criteria for Greece 4 Table 2: Gross public debt - structural characteristics 8 Table 3: Sustainability of debt trends 9 Chart 1: Inflation (1990-1999) 5 Chart 2: Long-term interest rates 6 Chart 3: Budget deficits as a percentage of GDP (1990-1999) 7 Chart 4: Public debt as a percentage of GDP (1990-1999) 8 Chart 5: Growth of GDP (1990-1999) 10 Chart 6: Unemployment (1990-1999) 11 Chart 7: Occupation of the labour force in 3 sectors of the economy 11 Chart 8: Balance of payments 12 Authors: Alexandros Kantas and Jérome Durand Editor: Ben Patterson 2 PE 166.453/rev.1 EMU and Greece Introduction On the 25th March the Commission and the European Monetary Institute published their separate reports on progress towards meeting the convergence criteria for Economic and Monetary Union. -
The Euro and Currency Unions October 2011 2 the Euro and Currency Unions | October 2011
GLOBAL LAW INTELLIGENCE UNIT The euro and currency unions October 2011 www.allenovery.com 2 The euro and currency unions | October 2011 Key map of jurisdictions © Allen & Overy LLP 2011 3 Contents Introduction 4 Map of world currencies 4 Currency unions 5 Break-up of currency unions 6 Break-up of federations 6 How could the eurozone break up? 6 Rights of withdrawal from the eurozone 7 Legal rights against a member withdrawing from the eurozone unilaterally 7 What would a currency law say? 8 Currency of debtors' obligations to creditors 8 Role of the lex monetae if the old currency (euro) is still in existence 9 Creditors' rights of action against debtors for currency depreciation 10 Why would a eurozone member want to leave? - the advantages 10 Why would a eurozone member want to leave? - the disadvantages 11 History of expulsions 12 What do you need for a currency union? 12 Bailing out bankrupt member states 13 European fire-power 14 Are new clauses needed to deal with a change of currency? 14 Related contractual terms 18 Neutering of protective clauses by currency law 18 Other impacts of a currency change 18 Reaction of markets 19 Conclusion 20 Contacts 21 www.allenovery.com 4 The euro and currency unions | October 2011 Allen & Overy Global Law Intelligence Unit The euro and currency unions October 2011 Introduction The views of the executive of the Intelligence Unit as to whether or not breakup of the eurozone currency union This paper reviews the role of the euro in the context of would be a bad idea will appear in the course of this paper. -
2021: a Defining Moment for the Interest Rates Reform City Week 2020 – London
21 September 2020 ESMA80-187-627 2021: A Defining Moment for The Interest Rates Reform City Week 2020 – London Steven Maijoor Chair European Securities and Markets Authority Introduction Good morning Ladies and Gentlemen, It is my great pleasure to participate today in the City Week 2020 forum. The interest rates reform is one of the key challenges that the global financial system is currently facing. Therefore, I would like to thank City & Financial Global and the other institutions involved in the organisation of this forum for inviting me and for including in the agenda a panel discussion on this very important matter. Today, before participating in the panel discussion, I would like to speak about recent and expected developments of the global interest rates reform and the crucial role that the cooperation between public authorities and the financial industry is playing in this process. €STR: the new risk-free rate for the euro area As Chair of a European Authority, please allow me to start with an overview of interest rates transition in the euro area and the challenges that lie ahead of us. ESMA • 201-203 rue de Bercy • CS 80910 • 75589 Paris Cedex 12 • France • Tel. +33 (0) 1 58 36 43 21 • www.esma.europa.eu We are soon approaching the first-year anniversary of the Euro Short-Term Rate, or €STR1, which has been published by the ECB since 2nd October 2019. This rate is arguably the core element of the interest rate reform in the euro area, and I will try to explain why this is the case. -
FTSE Currency FRB Index Series Ground Rules Developed with Record Currency Management V2.8
Ground Rules FTSE Currency FRB Index Series Ground Rules Developed with Record Currency Management v2.8 ftserussell.com An LSEG Business April 2021 Contents 1.0 Introduction .................................................................... 3 1.0 Overview ........................................................................................... 3 1.9 FTSE Russell .................................................................................... 4 2.0 Management Responsibilities ....................................... 5 2.0 FTSE International Limited (FTSE) ................................................ 5 2.3 Amendments to These Ground Rules ........................................... 5 3.0 FTSE Russell Index Policies ......................................... 6 3.1 Queries and Complaints ................................................................. 6 3.4 FTSE Russell Policy for Benchmark Methodology Changes ...... 6 4.0 Eligible Currencies ....................................................... 7 5.0 Periodic Review of Currencies ..................................... 8 5.1 Review Dates .................................................................................... 8 5.2 Calculation of Spot and Forward Mid Rates ................................. 8 6.0 Index Calculation ......................................................... 11 Interest rates used in the calculations .................................................... 13 Historic interest rates and sources ......................................................... 13 Current -
John Hurley: the Monetary Policy and Operational Framework of the Eurosystem
John Hurley: The monetary policy and operational framework of the Eurosystem Address by Mr John Hurley, Governor of the Central Bank of Ireland, to ACI Ireland (Financial Market Association), Dublin, 12 February 2003. * * * Introduction I welcome the opportunity to address you here tonight. The ACI plays an important role in representing the interest of financial markets and in actively promoting the educational interests of its members. This raises the level of professionalism of the members and contributes to the smooth and orderly operation of financial markets. I would like to concentrate this evening on the ECB dimension of the work of the Bank. I will begin by talking about the work of the Governing Council, and then go on to focus on monetary policy. Finally, I will talk about monetary policy implementation and the role that Ireland has played in the process. Since I became a member of the Governing Council, I have been struck by two things in particular. The first is the breadth of its activities. Admittedly what are described as its basic tasks go well beyond the primary functions of the ECB. Still the range and depth of discussion in such areas as payment and settlement systems, foreign reserve management, production and issue of bank notes, statistics and so on was quite surprising; and this was following lengthy and detailed preparatory work by the Executive Board and by the twelve committees that work to the Governing Council. Secondly, there is the democratic way in which the Governing Council goes about its business. In a sense one should not be surprised by this; the Statute of the ESCB provides for each member to have one vote and specifically restricts weighted voting to financial matters, and Treaty Article 107 is designed to ensure that Governors are not influenced by national considerations. -
Economic Bulletin Number 24, January 2005 Economic Bulletin Ñ BANK of GREECE
BANK OF GREECE Economic Bulletin Number 24, January 2005 Economic Bulletin ñ BANK OF GREECE Number 24, January 2005 BANK OF GREECE Economic Bulletin Number 24, January 2005 BANK OF GREECE 21, E. Venizelos Avenue 102 50 Athens www.bankofgreece.gr Economic Research Department - Secretariat Tel.+30210 320 2392 Fax +30210 323 3025 Printed in Athens, Greece at the Bank of Greece Printing Works ISSN 1105 - 9729 Contents Greek banking profitability: recent developments Heather D. Gibson 7 The effect of merger and acquisition announcement on Greek bank stock returns Panagiotis Athanasoglou Ioannis Asimakopoulos Evangelia Georgiou 27 The redistributional impact of inflation in Greece Theodore Mitrakos Stavros Zografakis 45 Socio-economic differences in the job satisfaction of high-paid and low-paid workers in Greece Ioannis Theodossiou Konstantinos Pouliakas 83 Working Papers 117 Monetary policy and financial system supervision measures 127 Decisions of the Bank of Greece 129 Statistical section 135 Articles published in previous issues of the Economic Bulletin 159 6 ECONOMIC BULLETIN, 24 1/05 Greek banking In an article co-authored with Barry Eichengreen for the Bank of Greece – Brookings conference on profitability: recent the Greek economy back in December 2000, we developments* argued that the Greek banking system was being driven by three main forces: catch-up, competi- tion and privatisation. We focused on the impact of these forces on various characteristics of the banking sector, including, in particular, its prof- itability (Eichengreen and Gibson, 2001).1 Since writing the article, a number of papers have been published on the Greek banking sector. Heather D. Gibson These focus on issues of efficiency and the related Economic Research Department question of whether Greek banks enjoy econo- mies of scale (Christopoulos and Tsionas, 2001, Christopoulos et al., 2002, Tsionas et al,. -
Dr. Theodoros G. Stamatiou1,2,3
DR.THEODOROS G. STAMATIOU1,2,3 Business: Division of Economic Analysis & Financial Markets Research, (+30)214 4059708 Eurobank Ergasias SA [email protected] 8 Othonos st., Athens, 105 57, Greece [email protected] Current Employment • Eurobank-Ergasias SA, Division of Economic Analysis & Financial Markets Research— – Senior Economist, April 2015 to present – Voting Member & Ambassador for Greece, Working Group for Euro Risk-Free Rates (jointly organised by the ECB, the FSMA, the ESMA and the EC, with the task of identifying and recommending alternative risk-free rates), January 2018 to present4 Academic Appointment • Dpt. of Banking and Financial Management, University of Piraeus—July 2013 to present – Research Fellow Previous Employment • Ministry of Finance, Hellenic Republic—September 2014 to March 2015 – Member, Council of Economic Advisors • Eurobank-Ergasias SA, Division of Economic Research & Forecasting—October 2009 to September 2014 – Research Economist Education • Dpt. of Banking and Financial Management, University of Piraeus—2004 to 20095 – PhD Thesis: Essays in Market Microstructure Supervisor: Professor Gikas A. Hardouvelis • Athens PhD Program in Economics, Joint PhD Program organized by the Dpt. of Economics, Uni- versity of Athens & Dpt. of Economics, Athens University of Economics and Business—2000-2002 – MSc in Economic Analysis • Cardiff Business School,University of Wales—1999-2000 – MSc in International Economics, Banking & Finance – MSc Dissertation: Purchasing Power Parity and the Greek Drachma: A Cointegration Analysis Supervisor: Professor David Peel • Dpt. of Economics, University of Athens—1994-1999 – BA in Economics 1Linkedin Profile: http://www.linkedin.com/pub/theodoros-stamatiou/35/9ab/883. 2Fullfiled military service: Hellenic Navy (February 2008 – February 2009). 3I can provide references. -
Sovereign Debt Crisis in Portugal and Spain
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Afonso, António; Verdial, Nuno Working Paper Sovereign Debt Crisis in Portugal and Spain EconPol Working Paper, No. 40 Provided in Cooperation with: EconPol Europe – European Network for Economic and Fiscal Policy Research Suggested Citation: Afonso, António; Verdial, Nuno (2020) : Sovereign Debt Crisis in Portugal and Spain, EconPol Working Paper, No. 40, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, Munich This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/219502 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence -
The Real Exchange Rate of Euro and Greek Economic Growth ∗ Gregory T
The Journal of Economic Asymmetries 12 (2015) 100–109 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect The Journal of Economic Asymmetries www.elsevier.com/locate/jeca The real exchange rate of euro and Greek economic growth ∗ Gregory T. Papanikos a,b, a University of Stirling, UK b Athens Institute for Education and Research (ATINER), Greece a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: This study argues that an overvalued euro has caused the largest ever drop in Greece’s Received 19 June 2014 GDP growth since the World War II. Sharp declines of GDP growth would have been Received in revised form 27 April 2015 avoided had ECB’s monetary and exchange rate policy been different and more conducive Accepted 27 April 2015 to countries that suffered the most from the world economic crisis of 2007. Greece was Available online xxxx the last to be hit, but was unfortunately ‘battered’ really hard. In this study, it is found Keywords: that (a) the real effective exchange rate of euro was 20% overvalued and (b) this has had Euro a negative impact on Greek economic growth. A 10% undervaluation would have increased Real exchange rate the rate of growth of per capita GDP by almost an additional 1.25% per annum. This would Economic growth have made the economic recession less severe. During the crisis years, it seems that the Greece ECB’s monetary and exchange rate policy favored particular countries in the eurozone, and Germany emerges as the big winner. -
Payment Systems in Switzerland
Payment systems in Switzerland Switzerland Table of contents List of abbreviations............................................................................................................................. 369 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 371 1. Institutional aspects ................................................................................................................... 371 1.1 The general framework ................................................................................................... 371 1.2 The role of the Swiss National Bank ............................................................................... 371 1.3 The role of other private and public institutions .............................................................. 373 2. Payment media used by non-banks.......................................................................................... 374 2.1 Cash payments ............................................................................................................... 374 2.2 Non-cash payments ........................................................................................................ 374 2.3 Recent developments ..................................................................................................... 377 3. Interbank exchange and settlement systems............................................................................ 377 3.1 General overview ........................................................................................................... -
Exchange Rates
Greece Last Updated: Apr-24-2003 Exchange rates Contact Person(s) Mr. D. Angelis, Foreign Exchange Department, Bank of Greece, 21, E Venizelos Avenue, Athens, Greece 102 50 Phone : 30 210 3202880 / 3202878 / 3202882 Fax : 30 210 3255500 Email: [email protected] Mrs. F. Economidou, Foreign Exchange Department, Bank of Greece, 21, E Venizelos Avenue, Athens, Greece 102 50 Phone : 30 210 3202880 / 3202878 / 3202882 Fax : 30 210 3255500 Email: [email protected] Mrs. E. Papacharalambous, Foreign Exchange Department, Bank of Greece, 21, E Venizelos Avenue, Athens, Greece 102 50 Phone : 30 210 3202880 / 3202878 / 3202882 Fax : 30 210 3255500 Email : [email protected] The Data: Coverage, Periodicity, and Timeliness Coverage As of January 1, 1999, the Euro has been introduced as a characteristics new currency unit of the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) in which Greece participates as of January 2001. The exchange rate of the Greek Drachma (GRD) was fixed at GRD 340,75 per euro. For information on the Euro please click on Euro exchange rates. The Bank of Greece disseminates daily data on exchange rates as follows: 1. "ECB Euro Foreign Exchange Reference Rates" vis-à-vis all 28 currencies announced and published daily by the ECB. 2. "Exotic currencies banknote rates" against the Euro", for transactions carried out by the branches of the Bank of Greece and for limited amounts. Rates are quoted vis-à-vis 18 currencies, of which 10 are not included in the euro reference rates data of the ECB. Periodicity Daily. Timeliness Each business day: Monday to Friday at 16.00 (local time). -
6 Saving Monetary Union? a Market Solution for the Orderly Suspension of Greece
6 SaVING MONETARY UNION? A MARKET SOLUTION FOR THE ORDERLY SUSPENSION OF GREECE Pedro Schwartz with Francisco Cabrillo and Juan E. Castañeda The Greek misadventure has given birth to mistaken remedies that have neither healed Greece nor stopped contagion. The original design of the euro, as the only legal tender currency in the euro zone, has turned out to be socially and politically costly. It implies transforming nominal convergence of deeply diverse economies into real convergence. Simply bailing out an errant member, while imposing ill-planned expenditure cuts and inordinate tax increases, is turning out to be counterproduc- tive. More generally, the attempt to keep ailing members within the euro against all the odds is endangering European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and even the EU itself. The interested parties are at logger- heads as to what to do to save the single currency. The debtors want mutualisation of sovereign debts; the creditors resist any mitigation of the rules governing the European Central Bank (ECB). Despair is setting in. Even if one thinks that monetary union was a good idea to start with, a collapse of the euro now would result in painful monetary chaos. The mismanagement of the Greek crisis could turn out to be a blessing. Expelling Greece from the euro system is legally difficult if not impossible. For the Greeks to leave the euro zone voluntarily is also complicated: they would have to exit the EU and then return as an aspiring member of EMU on the same terms as recent new entrants. There is another way.