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Pharmakologie Und Medizinische Chemie Uracil- Und Uracilnucleotid-Bindender Membranproteine

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Pharmakologie Und Medizinische Chemie Uracil- Und Uracilnucleotid-Bindender Membranproteine Pharmakologie und Medizinische Chemie Uracil- und Uracilnucleotid-bindender Membranproteine Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades (Dr. rer. nat.) der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn vorgelegt von Anja B. Scheiff aus Aachen Bonn 2010 Angefertigt mit Genehmigung der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn 1. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Christa E. Müller 2. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Gerd Bendas Tag der Promotion: 18.08.2010 Erscheinungsjahr: 2010 Diese Dissertation ist auf dem Hochschulserver der ULB Bonn http://hss.ulb.uni- bonn.de/diss_online elektronisch publiziert. Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde in der Zeit von August 2005 bis Juni 2010 am Pharmazeutischen Institut der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn unter der Leitung von Frau Prof. Dr. Christa E. Müller durchgeführt. Mein besonderer Dank gilt Frau Professor Dr. Christa E. Müller für die Überlassung des vielseitigen und sehr interessanten Promotionsthemas. Ich bedanke mich für die freundliche Betreuung, die stete Dikussionsbereitschaft und die zahlreichen Anregungen und Hilfe- stellungen, die wesentlich zum Gelingen dieser Arbeit beigetragen haben. Herrn Professor Dr. Gerd Bendas danke ich für die freundliche Übernahme des Koreferates. Für die Mitwirkung in meiner Prüfungskommission bedanke ich mich bei Herrn PD Dr. Hubert Rein und Frau Professor Dr. Gabriele Bierbaum. Meiner Familie „Jeder junge Wissenschaftler sollte stets die Möglichkeit im Auge behalten, dass ein vermeintlich irritierendes Versagen von Labortechnik, das zu inkonsistenten Ergebnissen führt, ein- oder zweimal im Leben auch ein Hinweis auf großartige Entdeckungen sein könnte.“ Patrick Blackett Inhaltsverzeichnis I Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung ...................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Transportproteine........................................................................................................2 1.1.1 Humane Transportproteine.................................................................................4 1.1.2 Bakterielle Transportproteine...........................................................................11 1.2 G-Protein-gekoppelte Rezeptoren ............................................................................19 1.2.1 P2Y-Rezeptoren ...............................................................................................28 2 Ziele der Arbeit........................................................................................... 39 3 Charakterisierung des Uracil-Bindeproteins des Bakteriums Achromobacter xylosoxidans ......................................................................... 41 3.1 Einleitung .................................................................................................................41 3.2 Bindung der Nucleobase Uracil an das Bakterium Achromobacter xylosoxidans ...42 3.2.1 Isolierung und Identifizierung verschiedener Bakterienstämme aus Tris- (hydroxymethyl)-aminomethan-Inkubationspuffer ..........................................42 3.2.2 Homologe Kompetitionsexperimente...............................................................44 3.2.3 Chemisch-physikalische Einflüsse auf die Bindung von Uracil ......................48 3.2.4 Kinetische Experimente....................................................................................64 3.2.5 Sättigungsexperimente .....................................................................................73 3.2.6 Kompetitionsexperimente.................................................................................78 3.2.7 Zusammenfassung und Diskussion ..................................................................92 3.3 Solubilisierung des Uracil-Bindeproteins aus der Membranpräparation des Achromobacter xylosoxidans ........................................................................................94 3.3.1 Solubilisierung des Adenosin-A1-Rezeptors ....................................................96 3.3.2 Solubilisierung des Uracil-Bindeproteins.......................................................100 3.3.3 Zusammenfassung und Diskussion ................................................................111 3.4 Auftrennung der Solubilisates und Proteinanalytik................................................113 3.4.1 Blau-native Polyacrylamid-Gelelektrophorese...............................................113 3.4.2 Natriumdodecylsulfat-Polyacrylamid-Gelelektrophorese..............................117 3.4.3 Massenspektrometrische Analyse der Aminosäuresequenz...........................120 3.4.4 Zusammenfassung und Diskussion ................................................................130 II 4 Charakterisierung neuer P2Y-Rezeptor-Liganden...............................133 4.1 Einleitung............................................................................................................... 133 4.1.1 Prinzip der intrazellulären Calciummessungen.............................................. 134 4.1.2 Dosis-Wirkungs-Verhalten nativer Agonisten............................................... 136 4.1.3 Lösemitteleinfluss auf die Fluoreszenzmessung............................................ 139 4.2 Untersuchung von Anthrachinon-Derivaten.......................................................... 141 4.2.1 MG- und SW-Verbindungen.......................................................................... 142 4.2.2 YB-Verbindungen.......................................................................................... 146 4.3 Untersuchung von Adenosin-5'- und Uridin-5'-amiden und -ethern...................... 161 4.3.1 AMB-Substanzen........................................................................................... 161 4.3.2 SMA-Substanzen ........................................................................................... 170 4.4 Untersuchung von Tetrazol-Derivaten................................................................... 176 4.5 Zusammenfassung und Diskussion........................................................................ 179 4.5.1 Anthrachinon-Derivate................................................................................... 179 4.5.2 Adenosin-5'- und Uridin-5'-amide und -ether................................................ 181 4.5.3 Tetrazol-Derivate ........................................................................................... 182 5 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick ............................................................183 6 Experimenteller Teil.................................................................................189 6.1 Allgemeine Angaben.............................................................................................. 189 6.1.1 Geräte............................................................................................................. 189 6.1.2 Kommerziell bezogene Chemikalien............................................................. 191 6.1.3 Nicht-kommerziell bezogene Chemikalien.................................................... 194 6.1.4 Radioliganden ................................................................................................ 195 6.1.5 Bakterien- und Zellkulturbedarf sowie Nährmedien ..................................... 195 6.1.6 Bakterienkulturen, Rattenhirne und kultivierte Zelllinien ............................. 196 6.2 Puffer und Lösungen.............................................................................................. 198 6.2.1 Lösungen für Radioligand-Bindungsstudien ................................................. 198 6.2.2 Lösungen für die Kultur von Bakterien und Zellen ....................................... 199 6.2.3 Lösungen für Solubilisierungen..................................................................... 200 6.2.4 Lösungen für Gelelektrophoresen.................................................................. 201 6.2.5 Lösungen für intrazelluläre Calciummessungen............................................ 203 6.3 Membranpräparationen.......................................................................................... 204 III 6.3.1 Membranpräparation des Achromobacter xylosoxidans .................................204 6.3.2 Präparation von Rattenhirn-Cortex als Quelle für Adenosin-A1-Rezeptoren 205 6.4 Glycerinkultur des Achromobacter xylosoxidans ...................................................206 6.5 Zellkultur................................................................................................................206 6.5.1 Auftauen von Zellen.......................................................................................206 6.5.2 Zellvermehrung ..............................................................................................207 6.5.3 Einfrieren von Zellen......................................................................................207 6.6 Proteinbestimmung.................................................................................................208 6.6.1 Methode nach Lowry......................................................................................208 6.6.2 Methode nach Bradford..................................................................................210 6.6.3 Bestimmung der optischen Dichte..................................................................212 6.7 Radioligand-Bindungsstudien am Adenosin-A1-Rezeptor.....................................212 6.8
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