SAMS ANNUAL REPORT 2013/2014 Save Syrian Lives Table of Contents Message from SAMS President
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1. Introduction
A political economy analysis of the Syrian conflict Omar S. Dahi1 Hampshire College Note: This paper was prepared for presentation at the University of Massachusetts Amherst Political Economy Workshop April 3, 2018. Rather than develop a narrow or specific argument the paper pulls together various elements of the conflict’s past and present to provide an overview and hopefully stimulate discussion about current status and options moving forward. Since the paper is still in very rough form I would kindly ask that it not be widely disseminated. Despite the length, there are still some gaps here that I can share in the workshop including some updated macroeconomic data. 1. Introduction March 15, 2018 marked the seventh anniversary of the Syrian conflict which the United Nations has called one of the biggest humanitarian catastrophes since World War II2. The UN Office for Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs estimates 13.1 million people requiring assistance to achieve daily survival needs out of a pre-war population of about 23 million people. About 419,000 of those were in besieged areas and there’s a total of about 2.98 million in either besieged or hard to reach areas due to the conflict3 . Half of those in need are youth or children. An estimated 69 percent of people now live in extreme poverty, supporting their families on less than US$2 per day, of which an estimated 1.7 million live in abject poverty, characterized by severe deprivation of the basic food required to survive. About half of the population is involuntarily displaced, with about 6.5 million internally displaced, and over 4.81 million refugees outside Syria’s borders primarily in Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan and elsewhere in Europe and other countries. -
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Tenth Annual Report: The Most Notable Human Rights Violations in Syria in 2020 The Bleeding Decade Tuesday 26 January 2021 The Syrian Network for Human Rights (SNHR), founded in June 2011, is a non-governmental, independent group that is considered a primary source for the OHCHR on all death toll-related analyses in Syria. R210104E Photo showing damage to residential buildings in Ariha city in Idlib suburbs caused by a Russian air attack - January 29, 2020 Content I. Background 2 II. Landmark Key Events in 2020 4 III. Most Prominent Political, Military and Human Rights Events Related to Syria in 2020 32 IV. The Syrian Regime’s Direct Responsibility for Committing Violations in Syria in 2020 and the Names of Individuals We Believe Are Involved in Committing Egregious Violations 44 V. Achieving Progress in the Accountability Process 48 VI. Record of the Most Notable Human Rights Violations in Syria in 2020 According to the SNHR Database 53 VII. Comparison between the Most Notable Patterns of Human Rights Violations in 2019 and 2020 59 VIII. Summarizing the Most Notable Human Rights Violations Committed by the Parties to the Conflict and the Controlling Forces in Syria in 2020 62 IX. Recommendations 107 X. References 114 2 Tenth Annual Report: The Most Notable Human Rights Violations in Syria in 2020 I. Background: The Syrian Network for Human Rights (SNHR), founded in June 2011, three months after the outbreak of the popular uprising in March 2011, is a non-governmental, non-profit independent organization whose primary objective is to doc- ument all violations that occur in Syria, archive them within our extensive database, and issue periodic reports and studies based on them, with SNHR aiming to expose the perpetrators of these violations as a first step to holding them accountable, protecting the rights of the victims, and saving and cataloguing the history of events. -
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Advance Unedited Version Distr.: General 2 July 2020
A/HRC/44/61 Advance Unedited Version Distr.: General 2 July 2020 Original: English Human Rights Council Forty-fourth session 15 June–3 July 2020 Agenda item 4 Human rights situations that require the Council’s attention Report of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic*, ** Summary The present report covers events in Idlib and surrounding areas from 1 November – 1 June, including 52 emblematic attacks by all parties which led to civilian casualties and/or damage to civilian infrastructure. These include 17 attacks impacting medical facilities; 14 attacks impacting schools; 9 attacks impacting markets and 12 other attacks impacting homes, marked by war crimes. They foreseeably led to massive displacement, as civilians had no choice but to flee, and may amount to crimes against humanity. Meanwhile, the UN-designated terrorist organization HTS also committed war crimes outside the immediate context of hostilities, while Government forces engaged in unlawful pillaging. * The present report was submitted after the deadline in order to reflect the most recent developments ** The annexes to the present report are circulated as received, in the language of submission only. A/HRC/44/61 I. Mandate and methodology 1. Human Rights Council resolution A/HRC/43/L.33 requested the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic1 to conduct urgently a comprehensive and independent special inquiry into recent events in Idlib province and surrounding areas, and to provide a full report of the findings. For this report, the Commission covered recent events which took place primarily between 1 November 2019 and 1 June 2020. -
9780190876067.Pdf
SYRIA DAWN CHATTY Syria The Making and Unmaking of a Refuge State A A Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries. Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 Copyright © Dawn Chatty 2017 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available Dawn Chatty. Syria: The Making and Unmaking of a Refuge State. ISBN: 9780190876067 Printed in India on acid-free paper CONTENTS Acknowledgements ix Introduction 1 1. -
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Maintext State and Islam
Foreword State and Islam under Bashar al-Assad Raymond Hinnebusch The three papers in this issue of the St Andrews Papers provide a comprehensive overview of the relation between the Baathist state and Islam in Syria, with one picking up where the other leaves off. Each of the contributions is based on contemporary fieldwork and provides both new and unique empirical information and sophisticated analysis. The first article by Raphaël Lefèvre is particularly valuable in providing an account of the perceptions of the Muslim Brotherhood (Ikhwan ) leaders on the origins of the conflict in 1976-82, which culminated in the bloody showdown at Hama, as well as how they saw the subsequent negotiations conducted with the regime. His account benefits from interviews with many of the top Ikhwan leaders. In their view, repression by the Baath provoked the rise of radicals on the fringe of the organization who, in turn, forced a military confrontation with the regime that dragged in the whole Ikhwan organization. There are some parallels between this account and similar events in Egypt in the 1990s and perhaps Algeria. In addition, the Baath regime thereafter skillfully exploited divisions within the Ikhwan over responsibility for the Hama tragedy between the radical Hama and pragmatic Aleppo factions. The contribution by Line Khatib highlights one consequence of the fraught relation between the regime and political Islam, namely the former’s effort to foster and co-opt a non-political, often Sufi, Islam to counterbalance and undermine radical political Islam. Additionally, regime tolerance of this Islamic civil society was pursued as part of a divide and rule strategy of “authoritarian upgrading:” the regime could play off the Islamist and secular segments of society while posing as the main bulwark against the former in order to keep the later quiescent. -
Ou La Stratégie Du Repli De Bachar Al-Assad Selon Plusieurs Experts, Le Président Syrien a Déjà Préparé La Région Côtière Pour S'en Servir De Base De Repli
INSTITUT KURDE DE PARIS Information and liaison bulletin N°328 july 2012 The publication of this Bulletin enjoys a subsidy from the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs (DGCID) aqnd the Fonds d’action et de soutien pour l’intégration et la lutte contre les discriminations (The Fund for action and support of integration and the struggle against discrimination) This bulletin is issued in French and English Price per issue : France: 6 € — Abroad : 7,5 € Annual subscribtion (12 issues) France : 60 € — Elsewhere : 75 € Monthly review Directeur de la publication : Mohamad HASSAN Numéro de la Commission Paritaire : 659 15 A.S. ISBN 0761 1285 INSTITUT KURDE, 106, rue La Fayette - 75010 PARIS Tel. : 01-48 24 64 64 - Fax : 01-48 24 64 66 www.fikp.org E-mail: bulletin@fikp.org Information and liaison bulletin Kurdish Institute of Paris Bulletin N° 328 July 2012 • SYRIA: THE KURDS ARE LIBERATING THEIR REGIONS. • IRAQI KURDISTAN: A TURCO-KURDISH EXPORT AGREEMENT AROUSES BAGDAD’S IRE. • TURKEY: THE START OF A MASS TRIAL OF 205 PEOPLE ACCUSED OF “TERRORISM”. • CULTURE: THE UBISOFT COMPANY DORCED TO BACKTRACK FACED WITH KURDISH ANGER. SYRIA: THE KURDS ARE LIBERATING THEIR REGIONS t the beginning of July while the United States consid- putting forward a creditable the Syrian opposition ered that it would not let Bashar political organisation capable of rejected the UN peace el-Assad play any part in Syria’s replacing the Baath in office plan proposing a “polit- political future. The Americans without plunging Syria into A ical transition” and a finally gave way faced with insurrectional chaos or civil war. -
So I'm Not Kept in the Shadows
So I’m not Kept in the Shadows Oral Memory: Syrian Women Survivors of Detention Lama Kannout So I’m not kept in the Shadows – Oral Memory: Syrian Women Survivors of Detention Lama Kannout 2 So I’m not Kept in the Shadows Oral Memory: Syrian Women Survivors of Detention Lama Kannout 2019 All rights reserved The Day After organization © The Day After organization (TDA) is a Syrian organization working in support of the democratic transition in Syria, with a focus on the following points: Rule of law, transitional justice, security sector reform, design of electoral systems and election of a Constituent Assembly, constitutional design, economic reform and social policies. Cover: Sara Khayat The Day After - Istanbul, Turkey Pürtelaş Hasan Efendi Mahallesi, Cihangir Caddesi, No:3 , D:1 Estambul Tel : +90 (212) 252 3812 Email: sy.org-info@tda www.tda-sy.org 3 Ms. Lama Kannout is writer, researcher, and an independent political activist. She earned her BA in Interior Design. She works on democratic change, citizenship and gender equality. In 2017, she published A book-length research titled “In the Core or on the Margin: Syrian Women’s Political Participation,” and in 2019 a book-length research titled "Gender Sensitive Transitional Justice in Syria." Furthermore, Ms. Kannout presented several papers on various topics such as the democratic change in Syria, the principles of gender-sensitive constitution, gender-sensitive electoral system, citizenship, and many other related topics. Additionally, Ms. Kannout has co-founded and managed a number of civil society organizations concerned with democracy and human rights. 4 Contents Introduction .......................................................................................................................................