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Taxonomy and Distribution of Bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae

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Taxonomy and Distribution of Bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2019; 7(1): 83-89 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 Taxonomy and distribution of bumblebees JEZS 2019; 7(1): 83-89 © 2019 JEZS (Hymenoptera: Apidae) of district Skardu, Gilgit Received: 22-11-2018 Accepted: 26-12-2018 Baltistan Saleem Jaffar Department of Entomology, The University of Agriculture Saleem Jaffar, Fahad Shah, Sakhawat Ali, Muhammad Yaseen, Syed Arif Peshawar Pakistan Hussain Rizvi and Muhammad Asghar Hassan Fahad Shah Department of Entomology, Abstract The University of Agriculture Survey was conducted in different localities of district Skardu, Gilgit Baltistan during the year of 2016- Peshawar Pakistan 2017 to record species composition belonging to genus Bombus Latreille 1802. It was discovered that 11 species distributed over 8 subgenera of the family Apidae under subfamily Apinae, tribe Bombini Sakhawat Ali occurring in this region. The subgenera, Alpigenobombus, Bombus and Melanobombus were represented Department of Entomology, by two species namely Bombus breviceps Smith, Bombus kashmirensis Friese; Bombus lucorum subsp Sindh Agriculture University jocobsoni (Skorikov), Bombus s. str. tunicatus Smith; Bombus rufofasciatus Smith, Bombus Tando jam, Pakistan semenovianus (Skorikov) respectively. While subgenera Orientalibombus, Psithyrus, Pyrobombus, Sibiricobombus and Subterraneobombus were represented by a single species each namely Bombus Muhammad Yaseen Department of Plant Protection, haemorrhoidalis Smith, Bombus ferganicus (Radoszkowski), Bombus lepidus Skorikov, Bombus The University of Agriculture asiaticus Morawitz and Bombus melanurus Lepeletier respectively in the survey area. Host plants for Peshawar Pakistan each species were also recorded from the studied areas. Key to the identification of female bumblebees subgenera and species have been constructed for district Skardu Baltistan. Syed Arif Hussain Rizvi College of Natural Resources and Keywords: Bumblebee, hymenoptera, Bombus, Taxonomy, Gilgit Baltistan Environment, South China Agriculture University, China 1. Introduction Bumblebees belong to the genus Bombus Latreille, 1802 [5] (Hymenoptera: Apidae) is highly Muhammad Asghar Hassan Department of Entomology, distributed and abundant on flower in temperate, alpine and arctic environment of the northern Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid continents. They are eusocial in nature and are usually found on high altitudes. They are an Agricultural University important pollinator and perform a vital role in the execution of agricultural ecosystems of Rawalpindi, Pakistan orchards, crops and wild flowers. Adults feed mainly on nectar, whereas the larvae fed on the honey and mixture of crushed pollen grains, which fulfils their necessities for growth. The active and developmental period of the colony is more than three months in more temperate and mountain regions colonies usually take place in summer (Richards, 1973) [11] close to the end of developmental season they start producing drones and young queens. After mating, young emerged queens usually overwinter in new nesting sites, and upon of the start of the next developmental season they start establishing new colonies by their self. Workers are having a pollen basket (corbicula) on meta tibia (structure used to gather pollen), this structure is usually absent in males. Workers and Queens bumblebees have sting used for their defense, as compare to honey bees the bumble bees sting repeatedly because the bumblebee's stinger lacks barbs. Many Bumblebees are confined to the high altitude regions. Different species are restricted to different altitudinal strata starting from 1000m and going up to 5500m asl. These bees construct their nest either abandoned rodent burrows, in or above the, or in tall grasses (Kearns and Thomson 2001) [5]. It has been reported that the bumblebees regularly cover long distances from their nests for foraging (Osborne et al., 1999; Dramstad 1996) [8, 2]. These insects are deeply associated with different types of flowers (wild or cultivated) and are found foraging everywhere in different mountainous regions. There are 250 bumblebees species reported worldwide, all these species are placed in a single genus Bombus Latreille, 1802 [7], known as Correspondence ‘true’ bumblebees, and have a social sterile worker caste (Williams 1998) [18]. Declining the Saleem Jaffar bumblebees has been attributed due to the agriculture intensive farming, the loss of habitat, Department of Entomology, insensitive development and collateral pesticide damage. Worldwide, new building The University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan constructions on agricultural areas are threatening to the survival of bumblebees. ~ 83 ~ Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies (Goulson 2003; Williams and Osborne 2009) [4, 21]. Keeping in 2.8 Description view the above mentioned importance of Bombus species, Descriptions were made from most obvious and observable taxonomic study has been conducted with the following characters. All the collected specimens were described by objectives: using the terminologies of Williams, 1991 [17]. 1. Collection and identification of bumblebees species of district Skardu. 2.9 Repository 2. To construct key to the identification of bumblebee All the identified specimens were deposited in the Insect species for district Skardu. Museum, Department of Entomology, The University of 3. To make illustrations of important taxonomic characters Agriculture, Peshawar. of bumblebees. 3. Results and discussion 2. Materials and methods The present study was carried out in different areas of district 2.1 Survey area Skardu during 2016-2017. The survey was started from the The proposed Study entitled “Taxonomy and Distribution of month of March to Oct. Different cast of bumblebees were bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) of district Skardu, Gilgit collected and preserved for subsequent identification. A total Baltistan” was conducted in different localities of Skardu, of 500 specimens were collected during the collection period. Gilgit Baltistan i.e. Kharmang valley, Shigar Hashopi, The distribution and host plants for each specimen were Sadpara nalla and Skardu town. The subsequent methods recorded at the time of collection. The specimens were were followed. properly processed after collection and the necessary information for each specimen were provided on field label. 2.2 Bumblebee’s collection The specimens were identified up to specie level and the Bumblebees ranged from 9mm-27mm in size. Therefore different cast was provided for each species. sweeping of hand net was used in their habitation mostly The result shows that species belonging to the following eight include flowering plants. subgenera of the bumblebees occurring in the districts Skardu, Gilgit Baltistan. The subgenera include Psithyrus, 2.3 Killing Alpigenobombus, Sibiricobombus, Subterraneobombus, Dry killing jar was used for killing of bumblebees. Cyanide Orientalibombus, Bombus s.str., Pyrobombus, and was used as killing agent in killing jar because it is the most Melanobombus. quick and effective chemical for killing of insects. The subgenera can be separated from one another on the basis of the following key of (Williams, 1991) [17]. 2.4 Pins, Pinning and Labeling 3 numbers scientific insect pins were used for pinning. The 3.1 Key to the identification of subgenera (female) of the collected specimens were pinned on the right side of thorax. genus Bombus for district Skardu, Gilgit Baltistan. A field label including necessary information date, elevation, 1. Meta tibia with outer surface flat and broad, without longitude and latitude was inserted below the specimen in moderate hairs on distal half of outer surface, pollen pins. Identification labels were provided after identification. basket present (corbicula), distal margin having comb like structure spines (rastellum) ...................................... 2 2.5 Relaxing and spreading Meta tibia with outer surface strongly, uniformly and The specimens were placed in relaxing jar for 24-48 hours uniformly dense cover with moderate to long hairs just for spreading (appendages) purpose of specimens. throughout pollen basket absent (corbicula), distal margin Antennae, mouth parts, wings and legs were then spread without comb like structure (rastellum) …...….. Psithyrus properly. According to Williams this should not be necessary 2. Mandible broadly on distally and rounded, anteriorly and may degrade DNA for later sequencing work. with 2 teeth often a posterior tooth, longest hairs on meta basitarsus …………………………………………..…... 3 2.6 Storage of specimens Mandible not broadly on distally and rounded, but with After relaxing the specimens were pinned in a wooden insect large triangular with six teeth, meta basitarsus with long collection box provided by the Department of Entomology, straight hairs ………………………....... Alpigenobombus the University of Agriculture, Peshawar. Naphthalene balls 3. Meta basitarsus with proximoposterior region plumose were placed in boxes to protect specimens from an attack of dense of moderate long hairs not continuing on to its museum pests. Small packs of silica gel were also being kept outer surface shine, often exposed …………………..… 4 to absorb the moisture in the boxes to save the specimens Meta basitarsus with proximoposterior region plumose from fungus attack. dense of moderate long hairs continuing on to its outer surface as dense straight hairs...Sibiricobombus 2.7 Identification 4. Clypeus with small puncture scatter large to All the collected bumblebees’ specimens were
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