Indoor Air Quality Investigation Final Report

INDOOR AIR QUALITY INVESTIGATION FINAL REPORT

For: Vicksburg Community Schools 301 South Kalamazoo Street PO Box. 158 Vicksburg, Michigan 49097

At: Sunset Lake Elementary School 201 North Boulevard Street Vicksburg, Michigan 49097

By: Nova Environmental, Inc. 5300 Plymouth Rd. Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105

January 31, 2019

INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND

On January 24, 2019, Ms. Nancy Spicketts of Vicksburg Community Schools contacted Nova Environmental, Inc. with a request to conduct an Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) investigation at the Sunset Lake Elementary School, located at 201 North Boulevard Street, Vicksburg, Michigan. Ms. Spicketts indicated that there a staff member experiencing health concerns and requested an investigation of Classroom 410.

Based on the information provided by Ms. Spicketts, it was decided that the Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Investigation would include an on-site evaluation, basic parameter air quality measurements, airborne fungal spore testing and comprehensive volatile organic compound (VOC) testing in Classroom 410.

An environmental consultant from Nova Environmental, Inc. arrive on-site and performed the investigation on January 31, 2019.

METHODS

Nova Environmental, Inc. conducted limited indoor air quality-monitoring activities at the Sunset Lake Elementary School.

The investigation included the following:

• A visual inspection for any obvious indoor pollutant sources in area of specific concern, (Room 410);

• General Parameter measurements including; temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, percent oxygen, hydrocarbons, chlorine, and nitrogen dioxide.

• Air sampling in order to determine airborne concentrations of mold and fungal spores in representative locations within the building.

• TO-15 sampling for VOCs

INVESTIGATION SUMMARY

This section is intended to provide a general summary of the results of this IAQ Investigation. There are a number of observations and recommendations that are made and provided later within this Report. Although no “smoking gun” was identified that would be a single source cause of the symptoms that had been described to the Nova representative, there are several issues that were discovered that could impact the air quality within Classroom 410 and Sunset Elementary School as a whole.

Based on the results of the mold spore air sampling (and the fact that no visible signs of mold were identified), it does not appear that mold is of concern within Room 410 at this time.

Based on the results of the TO-15 VOC sampling, it does not appear that VOCs are a concern within Room 410 at this time.

AIR MONITORING RESULTS

Temperature and Relative Humidity

Thermal parameters of an environment, although basic in nature, should not be overlooked, as certain temperature/humidity level combinations can affect human comfort. Temperature and relative humidity in certain combinations can create hot and moist environments conducive to fungus/mold growth, or cold and dry environments that increase human discomfort. Nova Environmental, Inc. conducted temperature and relative humidity measurements in order to gather the following information during the visit:

1. Information which may be used to evaluate the general performance of the HVAC system. 2. Identify possible temperature and humidity conditions and/or combinations that may promote the growth of mold and fungi or contribute to human discomfort.

Temperature and relative humidity readings were collected in Classroom 410 and the hall outside Classroom 410. The temperature readings ranged from 67.5°F to 70.4°F. The relative humidity levels ranged from 8.2% to 11.8%. Complete temperature and relative humidity data collected during the IAQ Investigation is located in Appendix A. It should be noted that these measurements were taken on a non- school day so do not represent measurements during occupied times.

According to industry comfort levels, the temperature ranges in the facility on the day of the investigation feels most comfortable when the relative humidity ranges between 30% and 60%. As the data in Appendix A indicates, the relative humidity measurements in areas sampled were well below the recommended relative humidity ranges for the temperatures measured. This was due to the extremely low relative humidity and low temperatures on the outside of the building. These measurements are unlikely to be conducive to mold/mildew growth or represent a potential health concern at this time.

Carbon Dioxide

Carbon Dioxide (CO ) is an important parameter in assessing indoor air quality, as above-normal concentrations can provide an indication of inadequate ventilation. Since CO is expired by humans during respiration, the level of₂ CO indoors as compared to outdoors may be used in determining the amount of fresh outside air that is included in the total ventilation process as well as a₂ general indication as to the efficiency of the HVAC system.₂ Areas with CO levels that exceed 700 ppm above the outdoor ambient level could distract from occupant comfort and can be considered to possibly be an area with inadequate ventilation. This does not mean that areas with CO₂ levels in excess of this range are considered hazardous or a health-related issue, but rather these levels should be used as a guideline to help maximize comfort for all occupants. Government regulatory agencies and₂ occupational health professional organizations have established levels of carbon dioxide that the average worker may be exposed to on a regular basis (the typical 40 hour work week) without any adverse effects. These levels range from 5,000 ppm (parts per million) to 10,000 ppm.

The measured CO levels on the day of the investigation ranged from 410 ppm to 487 ppm (outside CO levels was 371 ppm). Variables potentially effecting the carbon dioxide levels such as whether windows or doors were open₂ or closed and whether the ventilation was on or off were also note during monitoring. ₂

The carbon dioxide levels were within expected ranges and were well below OSHA/MIOSHA enforceable limits of 5,000 ppm and 10,000 ppm respectively. Complete carbon dioxide data recorded during the investigation is shown in Appendix A.

Carbon Monoxide

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a by-product formed by incomplete combustion of a variety of flammable materials. Indoor sources can result from malfunctions of the heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system, fossil-fueled hot water heaters or outside contaminants being drawn into the building through the HVAC system. Several governmental agencies and professional organizations have established levels to assess/regulate exposure, typically in a manufacturing/industrial environment. These levels range between 25 ppm and 50 ppm based on an eight-hour time weighted average. Low or no detectable levels of carbon monoxide were recorded during this investigation and are unlikely to be a concern at this time (see Appendix A).

Hydrogen Sulfide

Hydrogen sulfide, (H2S) is a sulfur-based compound with a smell similar to that of “rotten eggs.” Hydrogen sulfide is frequently associated with sewer gas. H ₂S measuremen less than the instrument detection limit and are unlikely to represent a potential health concern at this time.

Nitrogen Dioxide

The most prominent sources of Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) are internal combustion engines burning fossil fuels. Outdoors, NO2 can be a result of traffic from motor vehicles. The levels of the areas sampled were all less than the instrument detection limit and unlikely to represent a health concern at this time.

Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons, (HC) are organic compounds frequently associated with the incomplete combustion of natural gas and/or other fossil fuels. Hydrocarbon measurements were collected in part to ensure proper operation of the facility’s HVAC systems. Hydrocarbon measurements were recorded as a percentage of the Lower Explosive Limit (LEL). The LEL is an airborne hydrocarbon level, which represents the percent explosiveness or flammability of airborne hydrocarbons. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has established 10% of the LEL as a level to which building occupants or employees may be exposed with minimal risk. During the investigation, HC measurements were less than the instrument detection limit. Hydrocarbons are unlikely to represent a potential health concern at this time.

Percent Oxygen

Oxygen is a colorless, odorless, naturally occurring gaseous element essential to life processes and combustion. In ambient atmospheres, oxygen generally represents 21% of air. Nitrogen represents the other major component of ambient air (79%). Generally established governmental guidelines have determined percent oxygen levels in air that are acceptable for human exposure. These guidelines establish a range of oxygen in the air to which to humans may be exposed without the need of respiratory protection and/or a supplemental oxygen source. These range from 19.5% to 23.5%. All of the oxygen levels recorded during this investigation were within the established guidelines.

AIRBORNE FUNGAL SPORE SAMPLING

Bioaerosols are defined as materials that have been finely divided and suspending in the air (aerosol) that a biological origin or activity (bio-). Ore simply, these are living or dead bacteria, mold and fungi or the spores of mold and fungi. Individuals may react to the entire bacteria, mold and fungi or its spores, or react to mycotoxins, the chemicals that the fungi produce as a by-product of their metabolism. These “biological particles” and mycotoxins can affect different people in different ways and have the potential to cause a variety of physical symptoms. Fungal air sampling can be conducted after a definite source has been identified, as a pro-active means of characterizing a building’s air or to possibly eliminate a major fungal infestation as the cause of occupant complaints. Although there are no regulatory standards regarding

exposures to molds, comparisons between samples can be reviewed in an attempt to determine if potential indoor mold amplification sites exist, with the results being reported a Fungal Structures/m³. Variables such as outdoor fungal types and concentrations as well as the number and specific types of fungal organisms indoors and their potential sources, must all be considered when interpreting sample results; no one comparison or interpretation is typically appropriate.

Fungal air sampling was conducted in order to characterize the indoor viable fungal spore composition in the area of concern at Sunset Lake Elementary School. There were a total of four fungal spore samples collected at the facility. They included 0A1 (outdoor sample), 0A2 (Room 410), 0A3 (Hall Outside 322) and 0A4 (Room 101). Samples 0A1, 0A3, and 0A4 were collected as control samples while sample 0A2 was collected in the primary area of concern, Room 410.

As identified on the attached analytical results sheets, the exterior sample result for total fungal counts per cubic meter, (Count/m³) was “None Detected” while the sample collected in Room 410 was 90 Count/m³, the sample collected in the hall was 150 Count/m³ and the sample collected in Room 101 was 200 Count/m³.

Based on the fact that the sample collected in the area of concern, Room 410 was lower than the two indoor control samples coupled with the fact that no visible signs of moisture or water intrusion were observed during observations made, it appears that there are no growth or amplification sites of mold within the area of concern in the building. It should be noted the lack of mold spores on the outdoor sample can be attributed to the extremely low temperatures on the day of testing.

TO-15 VOC SAMPLING RESULTS

TO-15 analysis is a method of ambient air collection through a summa canister and analysis for a wide range of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). TO-15 analysis allows for identification of VOCs at trace levels.

One TO-15 sample was collected as part of this IAQ investigation within Room 410. The compounds identified within the sample were at extremely low trace levels, (thousands of times less than the OSHA Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs). It appears that the possible source of most of the compounds identified could be from typical human uses, such as Ethanol and Ethyl Acetate which could be from perfumes and nail polish.

OBSERVATIONS

Observations that resulted from the investigation are detailed below.

• Although the humidity was very low, (due to the extremely cold temperatures outside), the other general parameter measurements, including carbon dioxide were within expected parameters and are unlikely to represent a health concern at this time.

• A visual inspection within Classroom 410 identified the presence of a strong odor emanating from the cabinets under the sink. It appears that there are odor generating supplies, such as paints, within the under-sink cabinets. Furthermore, a faint odor was present in the Classroom 410 closet.

• Although the carpet was very recently cleaned, there were signs of previous stains present.

• The unit ventilator (univent) within Classroom 410 had supplies that were partially blocking the vent.

• There were no signs of water damage, moisture or mold within Classroom 410.

RECOMMENDATIONS

• Clean out all odor generating products and supplies from the cabinets under the sink, in the closet and any other of these supplies present inside Classroom 410. Store the odor generating supplies in leak-tight containers or outside of Classroom 410;

• Ensure that the teacher within Room 410 keeps supplies off of the univent so that the ventilation can move freely. The implementation of this recommendation may increase the operating efficiency of the unit as well as enhance the overall air quality within the room.

• Ensure that the interior of the univent within Classroom 410 (and all affected areas) are cleaned and vacuumed. Also, ensure that the filters are replaced according to manufacturer’s instructions. Furthermore, ensure that the univent is balanced, functioning properly and drawing in the recommended amount of fresh air from outside.

• Since carpet is a sink for dust and odors, ensure that the classroom carpet is cleaned as frequently as possible.

• Any areas or spaces with high moisture or water intrusion should be investigated immediately.

Appendix A

AIR QUALITY SAMPLING DATA SHEETS Client: Vicksburg Community Schools Nova Environmental, Inc. Page: 1 of 1 Indoor Air Quality Data Sheet Building: Sunset Lake Elementary School Date: 1/31/2019 General IAQ and Five Gas Monitoring Location: Various Nova Representative: Kary Amin

Project Number: CI0513/SL111 Outside Weather Conditions: -8°F, 372 ppm 0.5% RH

o Location Time Occ. F RH % CO2 CO H2S HC % O2 % Cl2 Notes Room 410 8:35 AM 0 67.5 11.8 422 0 0 0 20.9 0.0 DC, WC, VO Hall Outside 410 8:36 0 68.4 9.1 419 0 0 0 20.9 0.0 Room 410 9:00 0 69.1 10.3 436 0 0 0 20.9 0.0 DC, WC, VO Hall Outside 410 9:01 0 69.3 8.4 433 0 0 0 20.9 0.0 Room 410 9:35 0 68.9 10.2 419 0 0 0 20.9 0.0 DC, WC, VO Hall Outside 410 9:36 0 69.1 8.6 417 0 0 0 20.9 0.0 Room 410 10:02 0 69.0 10.3 419 0 0 0 20.9 0.0 DC, WC, VO Hall Outside 410 10:03 0 68.8 8.9 413 0 0 0 20.9 0.0 Room 410 10:33 0 70.1 9.4 410 0 0 0 20.9 0.0 DC, WC, VO Hall Outside 410 10:34 0 69.1 8.5 411 0 0 0 20.9 0.0 Room 410 11:00 0 70.1 9.9 481 0 0 0 20.9 0.0 DC, WC, VO Hall Outside 410 11:01 0 70.4 8.2 419 0 0 0 20.9 0.0 Room 410 11:31 1 69.3 10.4 487 0 0 0 20.9 0.0 DC, WC, VO Hall Outside 410 11:32 0 69.5 8.8 427 0 0 0 20.9 0.0 Room 410 12:01 PM 1 70.3 9.2 473 0 0 0 20.9 0.0 DC, WC, VO Hall Outside 410 12:02 PM 0 69.0 8.7 429 0 0 0 20.9 0.0

o Occ. = Occupancy, F = Temperature in Degrees Fahrenheit, RH% = Percent Relative Humidity, CO2 = Carbon Dioxide in Parts Per Million, CO = Carbon Monoxide in Parts Per Million, H2S

= Hydrogen Sulfide in Parts Per Million, HC % = Percent Hydrocarbons, O2 % = Percent Oxygen, Cl2 = Chlorine in Parts Per Million, DO = Door Open, DC = Door Closed, WO = Windows Open, WC = Windows Closed, VO = Vent On, VF = Vent Off, Equipment: TSI Q-Trak 8551, BW Technologies Gas Alert Micro 5

Appendix B

FUNGAL SAMPLING RESULTS

Client: Vicksburg Community Schools Nova Environmental, Inc. Page: 1 of 1 Indoor Air Quality Data Sheet Building: Sunset Lake Elementary School Date: 1/31/2019 Fungal Spore Air Sampling Location: Various Nova Representative: Kary Amin

Project Number: CI0513/SL111 Outside Weather Conditions: -8°F, 372 ppm

Start Stop Sample Sample Pump Flow Flow Volume Location Start Time Stop Time Time Notes Number I.D. Rate Rate (L) (min) (L/min) (L/min)

0A1 Outdoors NOH 208 9:03:00 AM 9:08:00 AM 5 14.42 14.42 72.1

0A2 Center, Room 410 NOH 268 9:04:00 AM 9:09:00 AM 5 14.36 14.36 71.8 DC, WC, VO

0A3 Hall Outside Room 322 NOH 268 9:23:00 AM 9:28:00 AM 5 14.36 14.36 71.8

0A4 Center, Room 101 NOH 208 9:24:00 AM 9:29:00 AM 5 14.42 14.42 72.1 DC, WC, VO

DO = Door Open, DC = Door Closed, WO = Windows Open, WC = Windows Closed, VO = Vent On, VF = Vent Off, AFL = Above Floor Level, AGL = Above Ground Level min = minutes, L = Liters, Cassette: Zefon Air-O-Cell® EXPANDED FUNGAL REPORT TM

Prepared Exclusively For

Nova Environmental, Inc 5300 Plymouth Rd Ann Arbor, MI 48105 Phone:734-930-0995

Report Date: 2/1/2019 Project: CI0513/SL111 / Sunset Lakes ES EMSL Order: 081900281

AIHA-LAP, LLC--EMLAP Accreditation #223912

This report has been prepared by EMSL Analytical, Inc. at the request of and for the exclusive use of the client named in this report. Completely read the important terms, conditions, and limitations that apply to this report. © 2006,EMSL Analytical, Inc., All rights reserved. No part of this report may be reproduced or otherwise distributed or used without the express written consent of EMSL. Test Report EXMold-1.97 Printed: 2/01/2019 04:35:24PM Page 1 of 18 EMSL Analytical, Inc. 15111 Northville Rd Plymouth, MI 48170 Phone: (734) 668-6810 Fax: (734) 668-8532 Web: http://www.EMSL.com Email:[email protected] Attn: Kary Amin EMSL Order: 081900281 Nova Environmental, Inc Customer ID: NOVA53 5300 Plymouth Rd Collected: Ann Arbor, MI 48105 Received: 1/31/2019 Analyzed: 2/01/2019 Proj: CI0513/SL111 / Sunset Lakes ES 1. Description of Analysis Analytical Laboratory EMSL Analytical, Inc. (EMSL) is a nationwide, full service, analytical testing laboratory network providing Asbestos, Mold, Indoor Air Quality, Microbiological, Environmental, Chemical, Forensic, Materials, Industrial Hygiene and Mechanical Testing services since 1981. Ranked as the premier independently owned environmental testing laboratory in the nation, EMSL puts analytical quality as its top priority. This quality is recognized by many well-respected federal, state and private accrediting agencies, such as AIHA-LAP, LLC's EMLAP and proficiency testing providers such as AIHA, LLC's EMPAT programs, and assured by our high quality personnel, including many Ph.D. microbiologists and mycologists.

EMSL is an independent laboratory that performed the analysis of these samples. EMSL did not conduct the sampling or site investigation for this report. The samples referenced herein were analyzed under strict quality control procedures using state-of-the-art microbiological methods. The analytical methods used and the data presented are scientifically and legally defensible.

The laboratory data is provided in compliance with AIHA-LAP, LLC policy modules and ISO-IEC 17025 guidelines for the particular test(s) requested, including any associated limitations for the methods employed. These data are intended for use by professionals having knowledge of the testing methods necessary to interpret them accurately.

This report has been prepared by EMSL Analytical, Inc. at the request of and for the exclusive use of the client named in this report. Completely read the important terms, conditions, and limitations that apply to this report. © 2006,EMSL Analytical, Inc., All rights reserved. No part of this report may be reproduced or otherwise distributed or used without the express written consent of EMSL. Test Report EXMold-1.97 Printed: 2/01/2019 04:35:24PM Page 2 of 18 EMSL Analytical, Inc. 15111 Northville Rd Plymouth, MI 48170 Phone: (734) 668-6810 Fax: (734) 668-8532 Web: http://www.EMSL.com Email:[email protected] Attn: Kary Amin EMSL Order: 081900281 Nova Environmental, Inc Customer ID: NOVA53 5300 Plymouth Rd Collected: Ann Arbor, MI 48105 Received: 1/31/2019 Analyzed: 2/01/2019 Proj: CI0513/SL111 / Sunset Lakes ES Air Samples - Spore traps: Spore traps are commercially available sampling devices that capture airborne particles on an adhesive slide. Air is pulled through the device using a vacuum pump. Spores, as well as other airborne particles, are impacted on the collection adhesive. Using spore trap collection methods has inherent limitations. These collection methods are biased towards larger spore sizes.

The analysis for total spore counts is a direct microscopic examination and does not include culturing or growing the fungi. Therefore, the results include both viable and non-viable spores. Some fungal groups produce similar spore types that cannot be distinguished by direct microscopic examination alone (i.e., Aspergillus/Penicillium, and others). Other spore types may lack distinguishing features that aid in their identification. These types are grouped into larger categories such as Ascospores or Basidiospores.

Fungal spores are identified and grouped by morphological characteristics including color, shape, septation, ornamentation, and fruiting structures (if present) which are compared to published mycological identification keys and texts. EMSL reports provide spore counts per cubic meter of air to three significant figures. Please note that each spore category is reported to three significant figures. Due to rounding and the application of three significant figures the sum of the individual spore numbers may not equal the total spore count on the report. EMSL does not maintain responsibility for final volume concentrations (counts/m3) since this volume is provided by the field collector and can not be verified by EMSL.

EMSL analyzes spore traps using phase contrast microscopy. There is a wide choice of collection devices (Air-O-Cell, Micro-5, Burkhard, etc.) on the market. Differences in analytical method may exist between spore trap devices.

Spore trap results are reported in spores per cubic meter of air. Due to the other airborne particles collected with the spores, EMSL reports a background particle density. Background density is an indication of overall particulate matter present on the sample (i.e. dust in the air). High background concentrations may obscure spores such as the Penicillium/Aspergillus group. The rating system is from 1-5 with 1 = 1 - 25% of the background obscured by material, 2 = 26 - 50%, 3 = 51 - 75%, 4 = 76% - 99%, 5 = 100% or overloaded. A background rating of 4 or higher should be regarded as a minimum count since the actual concentrations may be higher than those reported. EMSL will not be held responsible for overloading of samples. Sample volumes are left to the discretion of the company or persons conducting the fieldwork.

Skin fragment density is the percentage of skin cells making up the total background material, 1 = 1 - 25%, 2 = 26 - 50%, 3 = 51 - 75%, 4 = 76-100%. Skin fragment density is considered an indication of the general cleanliness in the area sampled. It has been estimated that up to 90% of household dust consists of dead skin cells.

See attached data reports and charts.

Test Report: Air-O-Cell(™) Analysis of Fungal Spores & Particulates by Optical Microscopy (Methods MICRO-SOP-201, ASTM D7391) Lab Sample Number: 081900281-0001 081900281-0002 081900281-0003 Client Sample ID: CI0513/SL111-0A1 CI0513/SL111-0A2 CI0513/SL111-0A3 Volume (L): 72.1 71.8 71.8 Sample Location: Outdoors Rm 410 Hall

Spore Types Raw Count Count/m³ % of Total Raw Count Count/m³ % of Total Raw Count Count/m³ % of Total Alternaria (Ulocladium) ------Ascospores ------Aspergillus/Penicillium - - - 2 90 100 3 100 66.7 Basidiospores ------1 50 33.3 Bipolaris++ ------Chaetomium ------Cladosporium ------Curvularia ------Epicoccum ------Fusarium ------Ganoderma ------Myxomycetes++ ------Pithomyces++ ------Rust ------Scopulariopsis/Microascus ------Stachybotrys/Memnoniella ------Unidentifiable Spores ------Zygomycetes ------Total Fungi - None Detected - 2 90 100 4 150 100 Hyphal Fragment ------Insect Fragment ------Pollen ------Analyt. Sensitivity 600x - 45 - - 45 - - 45 - Analyt. Sensitivity 300x - 14* - - 14* - - 14* - Skin Fragments (1-4) - 1 - - 1 - - 1 - Fibrous Particulate (1-4) - 1 - - 1 - - - - Background (1-5) - 1 - - 1 - - 1 -

++ Includes other spores with similar morphology; see EMSL's fungal glossary for each specific category. Ryan Shannon, Laboratory Manager No discernable field blank was submitted with this group of samples. or Other Approved Signatory

Samples received in good condition unless otherwise noted. High levels of background particulate can obscure spores and other particulates, leading to underestimation. Background levels of 5 indicate an overloading of background particulates, prohibiting accurate detection and quantification. Present = Spores detected on overloaded samples. Results are not blank corrected unless otherwise noted. The detection limit is equal to one fungal spore, structure, pollen, fiber particle or insect fragment. "*" Denotes particles found at 300X. "-" Denotes not detected. Due to method stopping rules, raw counts in excess of 100 are extrapolated based on the percentage analyzed. EMSL maintains liability limited to cost of analysis. This report relates only to the samples reported above and may not be reproduced, except in full, without written approval by EMSL. EMSL bears no responsibility for sample collection activities or analytical method limitations. Interpretation and use of test results are the responsibility of the client.

Initial report from: 02/01/2019 16:35:24

Test Report: Air-O-Cell(™) Analysis of Fungal Spores & Particulates by Optical Microscopy (Methods MICRO-SOP-201, ASTM D7391) Lab Sample Number: 081900281-0004 081900281-9901 081900281-9902 Client Sample ID: CI0513/SL111-0A4 Dummy Dummy Volume (L): 72.1 Dummy Dummy Sample Location: Rm 101 Dummy Dummy

Spore Types Raw Count Count/m³ % of Total ------Alternaria (Ulocladium) ------Ascospores 1 50 25 ------Aspergillus/Penicillium 3 100 50 ------Basidiospores 1 50 25 ------Bipolaris++ ------Chaetomium ------Cladosporium ------Curvularia ------Epicoccum ------Fusarium ------Ganoderma ------Myxomycetes++ ------Pithomyces++ ------Rust ------Scopulariopsis/Microascus ------Stachybotrys/Memnoniella ------Unidentifiable Spores ------Zygomycetes ------Total Fungi 5 200 100 ------Hyphal Fragment ------Insect Fragment ------Pollen ------Analyt. Sensitivity 600x - 45 ------Analyt. Sensitivity 300x - 14* ------Skin Fragments (1-4) - 1 ------Fibrous Particulate (1-4) - 1 ------Background (1-5) - 1 ------

Initial report from: 02/01/2019 16:35:24

Spore Trap Report: Total Counts

Outdoors CI0513/SL111-0A1

1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000

Spore Counts per m3

Ascospores Aspergillus/Penicillium Basidiospores

* The chart is displayed using a logarithmic scale. Bar size is not directly proportional to the number of spores.

Spore Trap Report: Total Counts

Rm 410 Aspergillus/Penicillium 90 CI0513/SL111-0A2

1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000

Spore Counts per m3

Ascospores Aspergillus/Penicillium Basidiospores

* The chart is displayed using a logarithmic scale. Bar size is not directly proportional to the number of spores.

Spore Trap Report: Total Counts

Hall Aspergillus/Penicillium 100 CI0513/SL111-0A3

Basidiospores 50

1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000

Spore Counts per m3

Ascospores Aspergillus/Penicillium Basidiospores

* The chart is displayed using a logarithmic scale. Bar size is not directly proportional to the number of spores.

Spore Trap Report: Total Counts

Ascospores 50

Rm 101 Aspergillus/Penicillium 100 CI0513/SL111-0A4

Basidiospores 50

1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000

Spore Counts per m3

Ascospores Aspergillus/Penicillium Basidiospores

* The chart is displayed using a logarithmic scale. Bar size is not directly proportional to the number of spores.

Background Comparison Chart

Ascospores

90 Aspergillus/Penicillium 100 100

Basidiospores 50 50

1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000

Spore Counts per m3

CI0513/SL111-0A1 CI0513/SL111-0A2 Rm CI0513/SL111-0A4 Rm CI0513/SL111-0A3 Hall Outdoors 410 101

* The chart is displayed using a logarithmic scale. The bar size is not directly proportional to the number of spores.

EMSL Analytical, Inc. is an independent laboratory, providing unbiased and scientifically valid results. These data represent only a portion of an overall IAQ investigation. Visual information and environmental conditions measured during the site assessment (humidity, moisture readings, etc.) are crucial to any final interpretation of the results. Many factors impact the final results; therefore, result interpretation should only be conducted by qualified individuals. The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) has published a good reference book covering sampling and data interpretation. It is entitled, Bioaerosols: Assessment and Control, 1999.

Fungal spores are found everywhere. Whether or not symptoms develop in people exposed to fungi depends on the nature of the fungal material (e.g., allergenic, toxic, or infectious), the exposure level, and the susceptibility of exposed persons. Susceptibility varies with the genetic predisposition (e.g., allergic reactions do not always occur in all individuals), age, pre-existing medical conditions (e.g., diabetes, cancer, or chronic lung conditions), use of immunosuppressive drugs, and concurrent exposures. These reasons make it difficult to identify dose/response relationships that are required to establish “safe” or “unsafe” levels (i.e., permissible exposure limits).

It is generally accepted in the industry that indoor fungal growth is undesirable and inappropriate, necessitating removal or other appropriate remedial actions. The New York City guidelines and EPA guidelines for mold remediation in schools and commercial buildings define the conditions warranting mold remediation. Always remember that water is the key. Preventing water damage or water condensation will prevent mold growth.

This report is not intended to provide medical advice or advice concerning the relative safety of an occupied space. Always consult an occupational or environmental health physician who has experience addressing indoor air contaminants if you have any questions.

ASCOSPORES Natural Habitat Everywhere in nature. Suitable Substrates in the Depends on genus and species. Indoor Environment Water Activity Depends on genus and species. Mode of Dissemination Forcible ejection or passive release and dissemination by wind or insects. Allergic Potential Depends on genus and species. Potential or Opportunistic Depends on genus and species. Pathogens Industrial Uses Depends on genus and species. Potential Toxins Produced Depends on genus and species. Other Comments Ascospores are the result of sexual reproduction and produced in a saclike structure called an ascus. All ascospores belong to members of the Phylum Ascomycota, which encompasses a plethora of genera worldwide.

ASPERGILLUS/PENICILLIUM Natural Habitat Plant debris ·Seed ·Cereal crops Suitable Substrates in the Grows on a wide range of substrates indoors ·Prevalent in water damaged buildings ·Foods Indoor Environment (blue mold on cereals, fruits, vegetables, dried foods) ·House dust ·Fabrics ·Leather ·Wallpaper ·Wallpaper glue Water Activity Aw=0.75-0.94 Mode of Dissemination Wind ·Insects Allergic Potential Type I (hay fever, asthma) ·Type III (hypersensitivity) Potential or Opportunistic Possible depending on the species. Pathogens Industrial Uses Many depending on the species Potential Toxins Produced Possible depending on the species. Other Comments Spores of Aspergillus and Penicillium (including others such as Acremonium, Talaromyces, and Paecilomyces) are small and spherical with few distinguishing characteristics. They cannot be differentiated or speciated by non-viable impaction sampling methods. Some species with very small spores may be undercounted in samples with high background debris.

This report has been prepared by EMSL Analytical, Inc. at the request of and for the exclusive use of the client named in this report. Completely read the important terms, conditions, and limitations that apply to this report. © 2006,EMSL Analytical, Inc., All rights reserved. No part of this report may be reproduced or otherwise distributed or used without the express written consent of EMSL. Test Report EXMold-1.97 Printed: 2/01/2019 04:35:24PM Page 13 of 18 EMSL Analytical, Inc. 15111 Northville Rd Plymouth, MI 48170 Phone: (734) 668-6810 Fax: (734) 668-8532 Web: http://www.EMSL.com Email:[email protected] Attn: Kary Amin EMSL Order: 081900281 Nova Environmental, Inc Customer ID: NOVA53 5300 Plymouth Rd Collected: Ann Arbor, MI 48105 Received: 1/31/2019 Analyzed: 2/01/2019 Proj: CI0513/SL111 / Sunset Lakes ES BASIDIOSPORES Natural Habitat Forest floors. Lawns .Plants (saprobes or pathogens depending on genus) Suitable Substrates in the Depends on genus. Wood products Indoor Environment Water Activity Unknown. Mode of Dissemination Forcible ejection. Wind currents. Allergic Potential Type I allergies (hay fever, asthma) . Type III (hypersensitivity pneumonitis) Potential or Opportunistic Depends on genus. Pathogens Industrial Uses Edible mushrooms are used in the food industry. Potential Toxins Produced Amanitins. monomethyl-hydrazine. muscarine. ibotenic acid. psilocybin. Other Comments Basidiospores are the result of sexual reproduction and formed on a structure called the basidium. Basidiospores belong to the members of the Phylum Basidiomycota, which includes mushrooms, shelf fungi, rusts, and smuts.

Books · Bioaerosols: Assessment and Control. Janet Macher, Ed., American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Cincinnati, OH 1999.

· Exposure Guidelines for Residential Indoor Air Quality. Environmental Health Directorate, Health Protection Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, 1989.

· Fungal Contamination in Public Buildings: Health Effects and Investigation Methods. Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, 2004.

· IICRC: S500 Standard and Reference Guide for Professional Water Damage Restoration. 3rd Edition, Institute of Inspection, Cleaning, and Restoration Certification, Vancouver, WA, 2006

IICRC: S520 Standard and Reference Guide for Professional Mold Remediation. 1st Edition, Institute of Inspection, Cleaning, and Restoration Certification, Vancouver, WA, 2004

· Field Guide for the Determination of Biological Contaminants in Environmental Samples. 2nd Edition, American Industrial Hygiene Association, 2005.

Consumer Links Read the full text of AIHA’s "The Facts About Mold" consumer brochure.

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/molds/index.html

CDC Mold Facts http://www.cdc.gov/mold/faqs.htm

CDC Stachybotrys - Questions and answers on Stachybotrys chartarum and other molds http://www.cdc.gov/mold/stachy.htm

IOM, NAS: Clearing the Air: Asthma and Indoor Air Exposures https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/should-you-have-air-ducts-your-home-cleaned

California Department of Health Services (CADOHS) https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DEODC/EHLB/IAQ/Pages/Mold.aspx

Minnesota Department of Health http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/eh/indoorair/mold/index.html

New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene https://www1.nyc.gov/site/doh/health/health-topics/mold.page

H.R.: The United States Toxic Mold Safety and Protection Act EPA "Should You Have the Air Ducts in Your Home Cleaned?"

General information about molds and actions that can be taken to clean up or prevent a mold problem.

“A Brief Guide to Mold, Moisture, and Your Home” - Includes basic information on mold, cleanup guidelines, and moisture and mold prevention http://www.epa.gov/mold/moldguide.html

“Mold Remediation in Schools and Commercial Buildings” - Information on remediation in schools and commercial property, references for potential mold and moisture remediators. https://www.epa.gov/mold/mold-remediation-schools-and-commercial-buildings-guide

FEMA “Homes That Were Flooded May Harbor Mold Problems” - Information and tips for cleaning mold. http://www.fema.gov/news-release/homes-were-flooded-may-harbor-mold-problems

“Dealing With Mold & Mildew in Your Flood Damaged Home. http://www.fema.gov/pdf/rebuild/recover/fema_mold_brochure_english.pdf

Samples analyzed by EMSL will be retained for 60 days after analysis date Storage beyond this period is available for a fee with written request prior to the initial 30 day period. Samples containing hazardous/toxic substances which require special handling will be returned to the client immediately. EMSLreserves the right to charge a sample disposal fee or return samples to the client.

B. Change Orders and Cancellation

All changes in the scope of work or turnaround time requested by the client after sample acceptance must be made in writing and confirmed in writing by EMSL. If requested changes result in a change in cost the client must accept payment responsibility. In the event work is cancelled by a client, EMSL will complete work in progress and invoice for work completed to the point of cancellation notice. EMSL is not responsible for. holding times that are exceeded due to such changes.

C. Warranty

EMSL warrants to its clients that all services provided hereunder shall be performed in accordance with established and recognized analytical testing procedures and with reasonable care in accordance with applicable federal, state and local laws. The foregoing express warranty is exclusive and is given in lieu of all other warranties, expressed or implied. EMSL disclaims any other warranties, express or implied, including a warranty of fitness for particular purpose and warranty of merchantability.

D. Limits of Liability

In no event shall EMSL be liable for indirect, special, consequential, or incidental damages, including, but not limited to, damages for loss of profit or goodwill regardless of the negligence (either sole or concurrent) of EMSL and whether EMSL has been informed of the possibility of such damages, arising out of or in connection with EMSL’s services thereunder or the delivery, use, reliance upon or interpretation of test results by client or any third party. We accept no legal responsibility for the purposes for which the client uses the test results . EMSL will not be held responsible for the improper selection of sampling devices even if we supply the device to the user. The user of the sampling device has the sole responsibility to select the proper sampler and sampling conditions to insure that a valid sample is taken for analysis. Any resampling performed will be at the sole discretion of EMSL, the cost of which shall be limited to the reasonable value of the original sample delivery group (SDG) samples. In no event shall EMSL be liable to a client or any third party, whether based upon theories

E. Indemnification

Client shall indemnify EMSL and its officers, directors and employees and hold each of them harmless for any liability, expense or cost, including reasonable attorney’s fees, incurred by reason of any third party claim in connection with EMSL services, the test result data or its use by client

Appendix C

TO-15 VOC TESTING RESULTS

Client: Vicksburg Community Schools Nova Environmental, Inc. Page: 1 of 1 Indoor Air Quality Data Sheet Building: Sunset Lake Elementary School Date: 1/31/2019 Volatile Organic Compound Air Sampling Location: Room 410

Project Number: CI0513/SL111 Nova Representative: Kary Amin

Sample Start Stop Location Start Time Stop Time Canister Number Notes Number Vacuum Vacuum

S1 Center, Room 410 29.0 8:23 AM 3.0 12:23 PM 2168 DC, WC

DO = Door Open, DC = Door Closed, WO = Windows Open, WC = Windows Closed, VO = Vent On, VF = Vent Off EMSL Analytical EMSL Order #: 491900079 200 Route 130 North, Cinnaminson, NJ 08077 Customer ID: NOVA53 Phone/Fax: (856)858-4800 / (856)858-4571 http://www.EMSL.com [email protected] Customer PO: Not Available

Attn: Kary Amin Phone: 734-930-0995 Nova Environmental, Inc Fax: 734-930-2969 5300 Plymouth Rd Ann Arbor, MI 48105

Date Collected: 1/31/2019 Project: Sunset Lake Elementary School Date Received: 2/1/2019

Laboratory Report- Sample Summary EMSL Sample ID. Client Sample ID. Start Sampling Date Start Sampling Time 491900079-0001 S1 1/31/2019 8:23 AM

If "Preliminary Report" is displayed in the signature box; this indicates that there are samples that have not yet been analyzed, that are in a preliminary state, or that analysis is in progress but not completed at the time of report issue.

Report Date Report Revision Revision Comments 2/5/2019 R0 Initial Report

Marjorie Howley, Laboratory Manager or other approved signatory

Test results meet all NELAP requirements unless otherwise specified. NJDEP Certification #: 03036

The samples associated with this report were received in good condition unless otherwise noted. This report relates only to those items tested as received by the laboratory. The results are not blank corrected unless otherwise noted.Interpretation and use of test results are the responsibility of the client.This report may not be reproduced except in full and without written approval by EMSL Analytical, Inc.

1 of 9 491900079-1_R0.xlsm V117 Page 1 of 7 EMSL Analytical EMSL Order #: 491900079 200 Route 130 North, Cinnaminson, NJ 08077 Customer ID: NOVA53 Phone/Fax: (856)858-4800 / (856)858-4571 http://www.EMSL.com [email protected] Customer PO: Not Available

Attn: Kary Amin Phone: 734-930-0995 Nova Environmental, Inc Fax: 734-930-2969 5300 Plymouth Rd Ann Arbor, MI 48105

Date Collected: 1/31/2019 Project: Sunset Lake Elementary School Date Received: 2/1/2019 Case Narrative Method Reference USEPA: Compendium Method TO-15, “Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Air…" Collected in Specially-Prepared Canisters and Analyzed by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS), January 1999, (EPA/625/R-96/010b).

Column Restek RTX-502.2, 60m, 0.25mm ID, 1.4um

Concentrator Traps: Entech Dual Cold Traps: (1) 1/8” No Packing, (2) 1/8” Tenax.

Gas Standards: Certified Gas standards were used for all analyses.

Sample Volumes: Sample volume aliquots for this procedure are 250cc for indoor/ ambient air and 25cc for soil gas. Other volumes for sample dilutions are reflected on each result page.

Holding Times: Standard holding times of 30 days were met for all samples.

Sampling Pressures: All samples were received at acceptable pressure/vacuum unless listed below.

Sample Dilutions: Dilutions reported are designated by the sample # with a "DL" suffix resulting from initial analysis having compounds exceeding calibration as reported with an "E" qualifier. Ethanol and Isopropanol are not diluted for and may be reported with an "E" qualifier on the final result.

QA/QC criteria outside method specifications are listed below (if applicable).

Initial Calibration All Initial Calibration criteria met method specification.

Initial Calibration Verification Standard (ICVS)- Second Source ICVS met method specification with 70-130% recovery for 100% of compounds.

Laboratory Control Sample (LCS) LCS met method specification with 70-130% recovery for 100% of compounds.(If the LCS does not meet criteria but any compounds which have recoveries >130% are not found in the samples, samples may be reported)

Continuing Calibration Verification Standard (CCVS) CCVS met method specification with all compounds within 30% deviation.

Ending Calibration Verification Standard (ECVS) ECVS met method specification with all compounds within 30% deviation.

Method Blanks (MB) Method Blank met method specification.

Reporting Limit Laboratory Control Samples (RLLCS) RLLCS met method specification with 90% of compounds within the 60-140% recovery range. Individual compounds outside of the recovery range may be listed below.

2 of 9 491900079-1_R0.xlsm V117 Page 2 of 7 EMSL Analytical EMSL Order #: 491900079 200 Route 130 North, Cinnaminson, NJ 08077 Customer ID: NOVA53 Phone/Fax: (856)858-4800 / (856)858-4571 http://www.EMSL.com [email protected] Customer PO: Not Available

Attn: Kary Amin Phone: 734-930-0995 Nova Environmental, Inc Fax: 734-930-2969 5300 Plymouth Rd Ann Arbor, MI 48105

Date Collected: 1/31/2019 Project: Sunset Lake Elementary School Date Received: 2/1/2019 Case Narrative Manual Integration : -Listed below if applicable. Before and after documentation provided in extended deliverable packages.

The following data qualifiers that may have been reported with the data, ND- Non Detect. This notation would be used in the results column in lieu of a "U" qualifier. U- Compound was analyzed for but not detected at a listed and appropriately adjusted reporting level. J- Estimated value reported below adjusted reporting limit for target compounds or estimating a concentration for TICs where a 1:1 response is assumed B- Compound found in associated method blank as well as in the sample. E- Estimated value exceeding upper calibration range of instrument. Ethanol and isopropyl alcohol are not specifically targeted to dilute within calibration range. D- Compound reported from additional diluted analysis. N- indicates presumptive evidence of a compound based on library search match.

EMSL Analytical, Inc. certifies that this data package is in compliance with the terms and conditions of this contract, both technically and for completeness, for other than the conditions detailed above. Release of the data contained in this hardcopy data package and in the computer –readable data submitted on diskette has been authorized by the laboratory manager or his/her designee, as verified by the following signature.

Report Date Report Revision Revision Comments 2/5/2019 R0 Initial Report

Marjorie Howley, Laboratory Manager or other approved signatory

Test results meet all NELAP requirements unless otherwise specified.

3 of 9 491900079-1_R0.xlsm V117 Page 3 of 7 EMSL Analytical EMSL Order #: 491900079 200 Route 130 North, Cinnaminson, NJ 08077 EMSL Sample #: 491900079-1 Phone/Fax: (856)858-4800 / (856)858-4571 Customer ID: NOVA53 http://www.EMSL.com [email protected] Customer PO: Not Available

Attn: Kary Amin Phone: 734-930-0995 Nova Environmental, Inc Fax: 734-930-2969 5300 Plymouth Rd Date Collected: 1/31/2019 Ann Arbor, MI 48105 Date Received: 2/1/2019

Project: Sunset Lake Elementary School Sample ID: S1

Analysis Analysis Date Analyst Init. Lab File ID Canister ID Sample Vol. Dil. Factor Initial 02/04/2019 TP P4826.D HD2168 250 cc 1

Target Compound Results Summary Result RL Result RL Target Compounds CAS# MW ppbv ppbv Q ug/m3 ug/m3 Comments Propylene 115-07-1 42.08 ND 1.0 ND 1.7 Freon 12(Dichlorodifluoromethane) 75-71-8 120.9 0.61 0.50 3.0 2.5 Freon 114(1,2-Dichlorotetrafluoroethan 76-14-2 170.9 ND 0.50 ND 3.5 Chloromethane 74-87-3 50.49 0.56 0.50 1.1 1.0 n-Butane 106-97-8 58.12 0.99 0.50 2.4 1.2 Vinyl chloride 75-01-4 62.50 ND 0.50 ND 1.3 1,3-Butadiene 106-99-0 54.09 ND 0.50 ND 1.1 Bromomethane 74-83-9 94.94 ND 0.50 ND 1.9 Chloroethane 75-00-3 64.52 ND 0.50 ND 1.3 Ethanol 64-17-5 46.07 36 0.50 68 0.94 Bromoethene(Vinyl bromide) 593-60-2 106.9 ND 0.50 ND 2.2 Freon 11(Trichlorofluoromethane) 75-69-4 137.4 ND 0.50 ND 2.8 Isopropyl alcohol(2-Propanol) 67-63-0 60.10 2.6 0.50 6.5 1.2 Freon 113(1,1,2-Trichlorotrifluoroethan 76-13-1 187.4 ND 0.50 ND 3.8 Acetone 67-64-1 58.08 3.0 0.50 7.2 1.2 1,1-Dichloroethene 75-35-4 96.94 ND 0.50 ND 2.0 Acetonitrile 75-05-8 41.00 ND 0.50 ND 0.84 Tertiary butyl alcohol(TBA) 75-65-0 74.12 ND 0.50 ND 1.5 Bromoethane(Ethyl bromide) 74-96-4 108.0 ND 0.50 ND 2.2 3-Chloropropene(Allyl chloride) 107-05-1 76.53 ND 0.50 ND 1.6 Carbon disulfide 75-15-0 76.14 ND 0.50 ND 1.6 Methylene chloride 75-09-2 84.94 ND 0.50 ND 1.7 Acrylonitrile 107-13-1 53.00 ND 0.50 ND 1.1 Methyl-tert-butyl ether(MTBE) 1634-04-4 88.15 ND 0.50 ND 1.8 trans-1,2-Dichloroethene 156-60-5 96.94 ND 0.50 ND 2.0 n-Hexane 110-54-3 86.17 ND 0.50 ND 1.8 1,1-Dichloroethane 75-34-3 98.96 ND 0.50 ND 2.0 Vinyl acetate 108-05-4 86.00 ND 0.50 ND 1.8 2-Butanone(MEK) 78-93-3 72.10 ND 0.50 ND 1.5 cis-1,2-Dichloroethene 156-59-2 96.94 ND 0.50 ND 2.0 Ethyl acetate 141-78-6 88.10 2.1 0.50 7.4 1.8 Chloroform 67-66-3 119.4 ND 0.50 ND 2.4 Tetrahydrofuran 109-99-9 72.11 ND 0.50 ND 1.5 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 71-55-6 133.4 ND 0.50 ND 2.7 Cyclohexane 110-82-7 84.16 ND 0.50 ND 1.7 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane(Isooctane) 540-84-1 114.2 ND 0.50 ND 2.3 Carbon tetrachloride 56-23-5 153.8 ND 0.50 ND 3.1 n-Heptane 142-82-5 100.2 ND 0.50 ND 2.0 1,2-Dichloroethane 107-06-2 98.96 ND 0.50 ND 2.0 Benzene 71-43-2 78.11 ND 0.50 ND 1.6 Trichloroethene 79-01-6 131.4 ND 0.50 ND 2.7 1,2-Dichloropropane 78-87-5 113.0 ND 0.50 ND 2.3 Methyl Methacrylate 80-62-6 100.12 ND 0.50 ND 2.0 Bromodichloromethane 75-27-4 163.8 ND 0.50 ND 3.3 1,4-Dioxane 123-91-1 88.12 ND 0.50 ND 1.8 4-Methyl-2-pentanone(MIBK) 108-10-1 100.2 ND 0.50 ND 2.0

4 of 9 491900079-1_R0.xlsm V117 Page 4 of 7 EMSL Analytical EMSL Order #: 491900079 200 Route 130 North, Cinnaminson, NJ 08077 EMSL Sample #: 491900079-1 Phone/Fax: (856)858-4800 / (856)858-4571 Customer ID: NOVA53 http://www.EMSL.com [email protected] Customer PO: Not Available

Attn: Kary Amin Phone: 734-930-0995 Nova Environmental, Inc Fax: 734-930-2969 5300 Plymouth Rd Date Collected: 1/31/2019 Ann Arbor, MI 48105 Date Received: 2/1/2019

Project: Sunset Lake Elementary School Sample ID: S1

Analysis Analysis Date Analyst Init. Lab File ID Canister ID Sample Vol. Dil. Factor Initial 02/04/2019 TP P4826.D HD2168 250 cc 1

Target Compound Results Summary Result RL Result RL Target Compounds CAS# MW ppbv ppbv Q ug/m3 ug/m3 Comments cis-1,3-Dichloropropene 10061-01-5 111.0 ND 0.50 ND 2.3 Toluene 108-88-3 92.14 ND 0.50 ND 1.9 trans-1,3-Dichloropropene 10061-02-6 111.0 ND 0.50 ND 2.3 1,1,2-Trichloroethane 79-00-5 133.4 ND 0.50 ND 2.7 2-Hexanone(MBK) 591-78-6 100.1 ND 0.50 ND 2.0 Tetrachloroethene 127-18-4 165.8 ND 0.50 ND 3.4 Dibromochloromethane 124-48-1 208.3 ND 0.50 ND 4.3 1,2-Dibromoethane 106-93-4 187.8 ND 0.50 ND 3.8 Chlorobenzene 108-90-7 112.6 ND 0.50 ND 2.3 Ethylbenzene 100-41-4 106.2 ND 0.50 ND 2.2 Xylene (p,m) 1330-20-7 106.2 ND 1.0 ND 4.3 Xylene (Ortho) 95-47-6 106.2 ND 0.50 ND 2.2 Styrene 100-42-5 104.1 ND 0.50 ND 2.1 Isopropylbenzene (cumene) 98-82-8 120.19 ND 0.50 ND 2.5 Bromoform 75-25-2 252.8 ND 0.50 ND 5.2 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 79-34-5 167.9 ND 0.50 ND 3.4 4-Ethyltoluene 622-96-8 120.2 ND 0.50 ND 2.5 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene 108-67-8 120.2 ND 0.50 ND 2.5 2-Chlorotoluene 95-49-8 126.6 ND 0.50 ND 2.6 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene 95-63-6 120.2 ND 0.50 ND 2.5 1,3-Dichlorobenzene 541-73-1 147.0 ND 0.50 ND 3.0 1,4-Dichlorobenzene 106-46-7 147.0 ND 0.50 ND 3.0 Benzyl chloride 100-44-7 126.0 ND 0.50 ND 2.6 1,2-Dichlorobenzene 95-50-1 147.0 ND 0.50 ND 3.0 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 120-82-1 181.5 ND 0.50 ND 3.7 Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene 87-68-3 260.8 ND 0.50 ND 5.3 Naphthalene 91-20-3 128.17 ND 0.50 ND 2.6 Total Target Compound Concentrations: 46 ppbv 100 ug/m3

Surrogate Result Spike Recovery 4-Bromofluorobenzene 10 10 100%

Qualifier Definitions ND = Non Detect B = Compound also found in method blank. E= Estimated concentration exceeding upper calibration range. D= Result reported from diluted analysis.

Method Reference r

USEPA: Compendium Method TO-15, “Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Air…" Collected in Specially-Prepared Canisters and Analyzed by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS), January 1999, (EPA/625/R-96/010b).

5 of 9 491900079-1_R0.xlsm V117 Page 5 of 7 EMSL Analytical EMSL Order #: 491900079 200 Route 130 North, Cinnaminson, NJ 08077 EMSL Sample #: 491900079-1 Phone/Fax: (856)858-4800 / (856)858-4571 Customer ID: NOVA53 http://www.EMSL.com [email protected] Customer PO: Not Available

Attn: Kary Amin Phone: 734-930-0995 Nova Environmental, Inc Fax: 734-930-2969 5300 Plymouth Rd Date Collected: 1/31/2019 Ann Arbor, MI 48105 Date Received: 2/1/2019

Project: Sunset Lake Elementary School Sample ID: S1 Analysis Analysis Date Analyst Init. Lab File ID Canister ID Sample Vol. Dil. Factor Initial 02/04/2019 TP P4826.D HD2168 250 cc 1

Tentatively Identified Compound Results Summary Result Result Retention Tentatively Identified Compounds CAS# MW(1) ppbv Q ug/m3 Time Comments Pentane 000109-66-0 72 5.5 JN 16 8.73

Total TIC Concentrations: 5.5 ppbv 16 ug/m3

Qualifier Definitions (1) = If unknown, MW is assigned as equivalent Toluene (92) for ug/m3 conversion purposes. B = Compound also found in method blank. J= Estimated value based on a 1:1 response to internal standard. N= Presumptive evidence of compound based on library match.

Method Reference USEPA: Compendium Method TO-15, “Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Air…" Collected in Specially-Prepared Canisters and Analyzed by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS), January 1999, (EPA/625/R-96/010b).

6 of 9 491900079-1_R0.xlsm V117 Page 6 of 7 EMSL Analytical EMSL Order #: 491900079 200 Route 130 North, Cinnaminson, NJ 08077 EMSL Sample #: 491900079-1 Phone/Fax: (856)858-4800 / (856)858-4571 Customer ID: NOVA53 http://www.EMSL.com [email protected] Customer PO: Not Available

Attn: Kary Amin Phone: 734-930-0995 Nova Environmental, Inc Fax: 734-930-2969 5300 Plymouth Rd Date Collected: 1/31/2019 Ann Arbor, MI 48105 Date Received: 2/1/2019

Project: Sunset Lake Elementary School Sample ID: S1

Analysis Analysis Date Analyst Init. Lab File ID Canister ID Sample Vol. Dil. Factor Initial 02/04/2019 TP P4826.D HD2168 250 cc 1

Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC) Summary Result RL Result RL Target Compounds CAS# MW ppbv ppbv Q ug/m3 ug/m3 Comments Freon 12(Dichlorodifluoromethane) 75-71-8 120.90 0.61 0.50 3.0 2.5 Chloromethane 74-87-3 50.49 0.56 0.50 1.1 1.0 n-Butane 106-97-8 58.12 0.99 0.50 2.4 1.2 Ethanol 64-17-5 46.07 36 0.50 68 0.94 Isopropyl alcohol(2-Propanol) 67-63-0 60.10 2.6 0.50 6.5 1.2 Acetone 67-64-1 58.08 3.0 0.50 7.2 1.2 Ethyl acetate 141-78-6 88.10 2.1 0.50 7.4 1.8 Total Target Compound Concentrations: 46 ppbv 100 ug/m3

Qualifier Definitions B = Compound also found in method blank. E= Estimated concentration exceeding upper calibration range. D= Result reported from diluted analysis.

Result Result Retention Tentatively Identified Compounds CAS# MW(1) ppbv Q ug/m3 Time Comments Pentane 000109-66-0 72 5.5 JN 16 8.73 Total TIC Concentrations: 5.5 ppbv 16 ug/m3

Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOCs): 52 ppbv 120 ug/m3

7 of 9 491900079-1_R0.xlsm V117 Page 7 of 7 EMSL Analytical EMSL Order #: 491900079 200 Route 130 North, Cinnaminson, NJ 08077 EMSL Sample #: 491900079-1 Phone/Fax: (856)858-4800 / (856)858-4571 Customer ID: NOVA53 http://www.EMSL.com [email protected] Customer PO: Not Available

Attn: Kary Amin Phone: 734-930-0995 Nova Environmental, Inc Fax: 734-930-2969 5300 Plymouth Rd Date Collected: 1/31/2019 Ann Arbor, MI 48105 Date Received: 2/1/2019

Project: Sunset Lake Elementary School Sample ID: S1

Analysis Analysis Date Analyst Init. Lab File ID Canister ID Sample Vol. Dil. Factor Initial 02/04/2019 TP P4826.D HD2168 250 cc 1

NIOSH and OSHA Exposure Limit Comparisons Tox. Result Result NIOSH REL OSHA PEL Target Compounds Basis CAS# MW ppbv Q ug/m3 ug/m3 > ug/m3 > Propylene NC 115-07-1 42.08 ND ND N.E. N.E. Freon 12(Dichlorodifluoromethane) NC 75-71-8 120.90 0.61 3.0 4900000 4900000 Freon 114(1,2-Dichlorotetrafluoroethan -- 76-14-2 170.90 ND ND 7000000 7000000 Chloromethane NC 74-87-3 50.49 0.56 1.1 LFC 210000 n-Butane -- 106-97-8 58.12 0.99 2.4 1900000 1900000 Vinyl chloride C 75-01-4 62.50 ND ND LFC 2600 1,3-Butadiene C 106-99-0 54.09 ND ND LFC 2200 Bromomethane NC 74-83-9 94.94 ND ND LFC 78000 Chloroethane NC 75-00-3 64.52 ND ND LFC 2600000 Ethanol -- 64-17-5 46.07 36 68 1900000 1900000 Bromoethene(Vinyl bromide) C 593-60-2 106.90 ND ND LFC N.E. Freon 11(Trichlorofluoromethane) -- 75-69-4 137.40 ND ND 5600000 5600000 Isopropyl alcohol(2-Propanol) NC 67-63-0 60.10 2.6 6.5 980000 980000 Freon 113(1,1,2-Trichlorotrifluoroethan NC 76-13-1 187.40 ND ND 7700000 7700000 Acetone NC 67-64-1 58.08 3.0 7.2 590000 2400000 1,1-Dichloroethene NC 75-35-4 96.94 ND ND 790000 790000 Acetonitrile NC 75-05-8 41.00 ND ND 34000 67000 Tertiary butyl alcohol(TBA) -- 75-65-0 74.12 ND ND 300000 300000 Bromoethane(Ethyl bromide) -- 74-96-4 108.00 ND ND 880000 880000 3-Chloropropene(Allyl chloride) C 107-05-1 76.53 ND ND 3100 3100 Carbon disulfide NC 75-15-0 76.14 ND ND 3100 62000 Methylene chloride C 75-09-2 84.94 ND ND LFC 87000 Acrylonitrile C 107-13-1 53.00 ND ND 2200 4300 Methyl-tert-butyl ether(MTBE) C 1634-04-4 88.15 ND ND N.E. N.E. trans-1,2-Dichloroethene -- 156-60-5 96.94 ND ND 790000 790000 n-Hexane NC 110-54-3 86.17 ND ND 180000 1800000 1,1-Dichloroethane C 75-34-3 98.96 ND ND 400000 400000 Vinyl acetate NC 108-05-4 86.00 ND ND 14000 N.E. 2-Butanone(MEK) NC 78-93-3 72.10 ND ND 590000 590000 cis-1,2-Dichloroethene -- 156-59-2 96.94 ND ND 790000 790000 Ethyl acetate NC 141-78-6 88.10 2.1 7.4 1400000 1400000 Chloroform C 67-66-3 119.40 ND ND 9800 240000 Tetrahydrofuran NC 109-99-9 72.11 ND ND 590000 590000 1,1,1-Trichloroethane NC 71-55-6 133.40 ND ND 1900000 1900000 Cyclohexane NC 110-82-7 84.16 ND ND 1000000 1000000 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane(Isooctane) -- 540-84-1 114.20 ND ND N.E. N.E. Carbon tetrachloride C 56-23-5 153.80 ND ND 13000 63000 n-Heptane NC 142-82-5 100.20 ND ND 350000 2000000 1,2-Dichloroethane C 107-06-2 98.96 ND ND 4000 200000 Benzene C 71-43-2 78.11 ND ND 320 3200 Trichloroethene C 79-01-6 131.40 ND ND 130000 540000 1,2-Dichloropropane C 78-87-5 113.00 ND ND LFC 350000 Methyl Methacrylate NC 80-62-6 100.12 ND ND 410000 410000 Bromodichloromethane C 75-27-4 163.80 ND ND N.E. N.E.

1 of 3 491900079-1_R0.xlsm V117 Page 1 of 3 EMSL Analytical EMSL Order #: 491900079 200 Route 130 North, Cinnaminson, NJ 08077 EMSL Sample #: 491900079-1 Phone/Fax: (856)858-4800 / (856)858-4571 Customer ID: NOVA53 http://www.EMSL.com [email protected] Customer PO: Not Available

Attn: Kary Amin Phone: 734-930-0995 Nova Environmental, Inc Fax: 734-930-2969 5300 Plymouth Rd Date Collected: 1/31/2019 Ann Arbor, MI 48105 Date Received: 2/1/2019

Project: Sunset Lake Elementary School Sample ID: S1

Analysis Analysis Date Analyst Init. Lab File ID Canister ID Sample Vol. Dil. Factor Initial 02/04/2019 TP P4826.D HD2168 250 cc 1

NIOSH and OSHA Exposure Limit Comparisons Tox. Result Result NIOSH REL OSHA PEL Target Compounds Basis CAS# MW ppbv Q ug/m3 ug/m3 > ug/m3 > 1,4-Dioxane C 123-91-1 88.12 ND ND 3600 360000 4-Methyl-2-pentanone(MIBK) NC 108-10-1 100.20 ND ND 200000 410000 cis-1,3-Dichloropropene** C 10061-01-5 111.00 ND ND 4500 N.E. Toluene NC 108-88-3 92.14 ND ND 380000 750000 trans-1,3-Dichloropropene** C 10061-02-6 111.00 ND ND 4500 N.E. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane C 79-00-5 133.40 ND ND 55000 55000 2-Hexanone(MBK) NC 591-78-6 100.10 ND ND 4100 410000 Tetrachloroethene C 127-18-4 165.80 ND ND LFC 680000 Dibromochloromethane -- 124-48-1 208.30 ND ND N.E. N.E. 1,2-Dibromoethane C 106-93-4 187.80 ND ND 350 150000 Chlorobenzene NC 108-90-7 112.60 ND ND N.E. 350000 Ethylbenzene C 100-41-4 106.20 ND ND 430000 430000 Xylene (p,m) NC 1330-20-7 106.20 ND ND 430000 430000 Xylene (Ortho) NC 95-47-6 106.20 ND ND 430000 430000 Styrene NC 100-42-5 104.10 ND ND 210000 430000 Isopropylbenzene (cumene) NC 98-82-8 120.19 ND ND 250000 250000 Bromoform C 75-25-2 252.80 ND ND 5200 5200 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane C 79-34-5 167.90 ND ND 6900 34000 4-Ethyltoluene -- 622-96-8 120.20 ND ND N.E. N.E. 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene NC 108-67-8 120.20 ND ND 120000 120000 2-Chlorotoluene -- 95-49-8 126.60 ND ND 260000 N.E. 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene NC 95-63-6 120.20 ND ND 120000 120000 1,3-Dichlorobenzene -- 541-73-1 147.00 ND ND N.E. N.E. 1,4-Dichlorobenzene C 106-46-7 147.00 ND ND LFC 450000 Benzyl chloride C 100-44-7 126.00 ND ND 5200 5200 1,2-Dichlorobenzene NC 95-50-1 147.00 ND ND 300000 300000 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene NC 120-82-1 181.50 ND ND 37000 N.E. Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene C 87-68-3 260.80 ND ND 210 N.E. Naphthalene C 91-20-3 128.17 ND ND 52000 52000 **The concentrations of each isomer should be added if multiple isomers are The > column is used to flag exceedences as marked present and compared to the total screening level.

Exposure Limit Definitions Compound Exposure Definitions REL= Recommended Exposure Limit, PEL= Permissable Exposure Limit NE= No Limit Established LFC= Lowest Feasible Concentration Agency Definitions NS= No Sscreening Value NIOSH= The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Reference Qualifier Definitions Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) General Industry Air ND = Non Detect Contaminants Standard (29 CFR 1910.1000) B = Compound also found in method blank. Toxicity Class (EPA Regionional Screening Levels (RSL) Table, Nov 2017) E= Estimated concentration exceeding upper calibration range. Carcinogenic (C) Exceedence D= Result reported from diluted analysis. Value exceeds the theoretical risk that 1 additional case of cancer will occur in a population of 1 million than statistically expected. Thus is a theoretical risk and not an actual epidemiological one. NonCarcinogenic (NC) Exceedence

Value exceeds the theoretical risk that 1 in a population of 100,000 will experience deliterious health effects. Thus is a theoretical risk and not an actual epidemiological one.

2 of 3 491900079-1_R0.xlsm V117 Page 2 of 3 EMSL Analytical EMSL Order #: 491900079 200 Route 130 North, Cinnaminson, NJ 08077 EMSL Sample #: 491900079-1 Phone/Fax: (856)858-4800 / (856)858-4571 Customer ID: NOVA53 http://www.EMSL.com [email protected] Customer PO: Not Available

Attn: Kary Amin Phone: 734-930-0995 Nova Environmental, Inc Fax: 734-930-2969 5300 Plymouth Rd Date Collected: 1/31/2019 Ann Arbor, MI 48105 Date Received: 2/1/2019

Project: Sunset Lake Elementary School Sample ID: S1

Analysis Analysis Date Analyst Init. Lab File ID Canister ID Sample Vol. Dil. Factor Initial 02/04/2019 TP P4826.D HD2168 250 cc 1

Possible Background Sources of Contaminants Result Result Target Compounds CAS# ppbv Q ug/m3 Use and Possible Sources Refrigerant (CFCs) and cleaning solvent. Was phased out Freon 12(Dichlorodifluoromethane) 75-71-8 0.61 3.0 as a refrigerant in 1996.1 Most (99%) of the chloromethane in the environment comes from natural sources. Because chloromethane is made in the oceans by natural processes, it is present in air all over the world. In most areas, the outside air contains less than 1 part of chloromethane in a billion parts of air (ppb). In cities, human activities, mostly combustion and manufacturing, add to the chloromethane in the air, resulting in somewhat higher levels, up to 1 ppb. Cigarette smoke, polystyrene insulation, and aerosol propellants; home burning of wood, coal, or certain plastics; and Chloromethane 74-87-3 0.56 1.1 chlorinated swimming pools.4 Aerosol spray products for some paints, cosmetics, n-Butane 106-97-8 0.99 2.4 automotive products, leather treatments, pesticides.2 Hand sanitizers, disinfecting wipes. Personal care products: nail polish, nail polish remover, colognes, perfumes, Ethanol 64-17-5 36 68 rubbing alcohol, hair spray. 2 Eye Glass Cleaners. Disinfecting wipes. Personal care products: nail polish, nail polish remover, colognes, Isopropyl alcohol(2-Propanol) 67-63-0 2.6 6.5 perfumes, rubbing alcohol, hair spray.2 Rubber cement, cleaning fluids, scented candles and nail Acetone 67-64-1 3.0 7.2 polish remover.1 Personal care products: nail polish, nail polish remover, Ethyl acetate 141-78-6 2.1 7.4 colognes, perfumes, rubbing alcohol, hair spray.2

Qualifier Definitions ND = Non Detect B = Compound also found in method blank. E= Estimated concentration exceeding upper calibration range. D= Result reported from diluted analysis.

Sources References (1) NJDEP "Common Household Sources of Background Indoor Air Contamination". June 26, 2012 (2) NYSDOH "Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Commonly Used Products", 2007 (3) EPA, Air & Radiation, TTN Web - Technology Transfer NetworkAir Toxics Web site, various years. (4) Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). U.S. Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA. 1998. (5) OFFICE OF POLLUTION PREVENTION AND TOXICS, U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, August 1994, EPA 749-F-94-012a (6) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH. 1985. (7) World Health Organization, (8) Product Safety Assessment, Revised: November 19, 2010 The Dow Chemical Company (9) California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, PROPOSED ACTION LEVEL FOR 2-CHLOROTOLUENE (10) Delaware Health and Social Services, Division of Public Health, Revised: 01/2010 (11) USEPA, Envirofacts Master Chemical Integrator (EMCI), Scorecard, 4/ 10/ 2009

3 of 3 491900079-1_R0.xlsm V117 Page 3 of 3 8 of 9 9 of 9

Appendix D

Photos

Photo of Classroom 410

Photo of Cabinet under Sink, Classroom 410

Photo of Supplies in Closet, Classroom 410