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Thermaerogenite Cual2o4 - Crystal Data: Cubic
Thermaerogenite CuAl2O4 - Crystal Data: Cubic. Point Group: 4/m 3 2/m. As octahedral crystals to 0.02 mm displaying {111} modified by {110}, sometimes skeletal. Physical Properties: Cleavage: None. Fracture: Conchoidal. Tenacity: Brittle. Hardness = ~7 D(calc.) = 4.870 Optical Properties: Transparent to translucent. Color: Brown, yellow-brown, red-brown, brown- yellow, or brown-red; gray with yellowish internal reflections in reflected light. Streak: Yellow. Luster: Vitreous. Optical Class: Isotropic. R1-R2: (400) 16.4, (420) 16.0, (440) 15.7, (460) 15.4, (470) 15.2, (480) 15.1, (500) 14.8, (520) 14.5, (540) 14.2, (546) 14.2, (560) 14.0, (580) 13.7, (589) 13.6, (600) 13.2, (620) 13.2, (640) 13.0, (650) 12.9, (660) 12.8, (680) 12.5, (700) 12.3 - Cell Data: Space Group: Fd 3 m. a = 8.093(9) Z = [8] X-ray Powder Pattern: Arsenatnaya fumarole, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia. 2.451 (100), 2.873 (65), 1.438 (30), 1.565 (28), 1.660 (16), 2.033 (10), 1.865 (6) Chemistry: (1) (2) CuO 25.01 43.83 ZnO 17.45 Al2O3 39.43 56.17 Cr2O3 0.27 Fe2O3 17.96 . Total 100.12 100.00 (1) Arsenatnaya fumarole, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia; average of 4 electron microprobe analyses supplemented by Raman spectroscopy; corresponds to (Cu0.62Zn0.42)Σ=1.04 3+ (Al1.52Fe 0.44Cr0.01)Σ=1.97O4. (2) CuAl2O4. Polymorphism & Series: Continuous series with gahnite, discontinuous with cuprospinel. Mineral Group: Spinel supergroup. Occurrence: In cavities and overgrown on earlier oxide minerals, often epitaxially, as sublimates around a volcanic fumarole. -
Barite (Barium)
Barite (Barium) Chapter D of Critical Mineral Resources of the United States—Economic and Environmental Geology and Prospects for Future Supply Professional Paper 1802–D U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Periodic Table of Elements 1A 8A 1 2 hydrogen helium 1.008 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 4.003 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 lithium beryllium boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon 6.94 9.012 10.81 12.01 14.01 16.00 19.00 20.18 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 sodium magnesium aluminum silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine argon 22.99 24.31 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B 8B 11B 12B 26.98 28.09 30.97 32.06 35.45 39.95 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton 39.10 40.08 44.96 47.88 50.94 52.00 54.94 55.85 58.93 58.69 63.55 65.39 69.72 72.64 74.92 78.96 79.90 83.79 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon 85.47 87.62 88.91 91.22 92.91 95.96 (98) 101.1 102.9 106.4 107.9 112.4 114.8 118.7 121.8 127.6 126.9 131.3 55 56 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 cesium barium hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon 132.9 137.3 178.5 180.9 183.9 186.2 190.2 192.2 195.1 197.0 200.5 204.4 207.2 209.0 (209) (210)(222) 87 88 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 -
New Minerals Approved Bythe Ima Commission on New
NEW MINERALS APPROVED BY THE IMA COMMISSION ON NEW MINERALS AND MINERAL NAMES ALLABOGDANITE, (Fe,Ni)l Allabogdanite, a mineral dimorphous with barringerite, was discovered in the Onello iron meteorite (Ni-rich ataxite) found in 1997 in the alluvium of the Bol'shoy Dolguchan River, a tributary of the Onello River, Aldan River basin, South Yakutia (Republic of Sakha- Yakutia), Russia. The mineral occurs as light straw-yellow, with strong metallic luster, lamellar crystals up to 0.0 I x 0.1 x 0.4 rnrn, typically twinned, in plessite. Associated minerals are nickel phosphide, schreibersite, awaruite and graphite (Britvin e.a., 2002b). Name: in honour of Alia Nikolaevna BOG DAN OVA (1947-2004), Russian crys- tallographer, for her contribution to the study of new minerals; Geological Institute of Kola Science Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity. fMA No.: 2000-038. TS: PU 1/18632. ALLOCHALCOSELITE, Cu+Cu~+PbOZ(Se03)P5 Allochalcoselite was found in the fumarole products of the Second cinder cone, Northern Breakthrought of the Tolbachik Main Fracture Eruption (1975-1976), Tolbachik Volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. It occurs as transparent dark brown pris- matic crystals up to 0.1 mm long. Associated minerals are cotunnite, sofiite, ilin- skite, georgbokiite and burn site (Vergasova e.a., 2005). Name: for the chemical composition: presence of selenium and different oxidation states of copper, from the Greek aA.Ao~(different) and xaAxo~ (copper). fMA No.: 2004-025. TS: no reliable information. ALSAKHAROVITE-Zn, NaSrKZn(Ti,Nb)JSi401ZJz(0,OH)4·7HzO photo 1 Labuntsovite group Alsakharovite-Zn was discovered in the Pegmatite #45, Lepkhe-Nel'm MI. -
Synthesis of Monoclinic Celsian from Coal Fly Ash by Using a One-Step Solid-State Reaction Process D
Synthesis of monoclinic Celsian from Coal Fly Ash by using a one-step solid-state reaction process D. Long-González a, J. López-Cuevas a , C.A. Gutiérrez-Chavarríaa, P. Penab, C Baudinb, X. Turrillasc a CINVESTAV-IPN, Unidad Saltillo, Carretera Saltillo-Monterrey, Km. 13.5, 25900, Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila, Mexico Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio, CSIC, Kelsen 5, E-28049 Madrid, Spain c Eduardo Torroja Institute for Construction Sciences, CSIC, Serrano Galvache 4, E-28033 Madrid, Spain Abstract Monoclinic (Celsian) and hexagonal (Hexacelsian) Ba1_JCSrJCAl2Si208 solid solutions, where x = 0,0.25,0.375,0.5,0.75 or 1, were synthesized by using Coal Fly Ash (CFA) as main raw material, employing a simple one-step solid-state reaction process involving thermal treatment for 5 h at 850-1300 °C. Fully monoclinic Celsian was obtained at 1200 °C/5 h, for SrO contents of 0.25 < x < 0.75. However, an optimum SrO level of 0.25 < x < 0.375 was recommended for the stabilization of Celsian. These synthesis conditions represent a significant improvement over the higher temperatures, longer times and/or multi-step processes needed to obtain fully monoclinic Celsian, when other raw materials are used for this purpose, according to previous literature. These results were attributed to the role of the chemical and phase constitution of CFA as well as to a likely mineralizing effect of CaO and Ti02 present in it, which enhanced the Hexacelsian to Celsian conversion. Keywords: (A) Powders: solid-state reaction; (B) X-ray methods; (E) Thermal applications; Celsian 1. Introduction 1760 °C, and Celsian is stable below 1590 °C. -
The Grystal Structure of Danburite: a Gomparison with Anorthite, Albite
American Mineralogist, Volume 59, pages 79-85, 1974 The GrystalStructure of Danburite:A Gomparison with Anorthite,Albite, and Reedmergnerite MrcHnBrW. Pnrrrrps,G.V.Glnns, eNn P. H. RInnp Department of GeologicalSciences, Virginia PolytechnicInstitute and Stote Uniuersity,Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 Abstract The crystal structure of danburite (CaB,Si.O"; a - 8.038 A; b - 8.752 A; c - 7.730 A; spacegroup Pnam) has been refined to an unweightedresidual of R - 0.021 using 1076 non- zero structure amplitudes. It consists of a tetrahedral framework of ordered B"O" and Si"Or groups which accommodatesCa in irregular coordination ((Ca'*-O) - 2.585 A; (CavII-O) = 2.461 A). A 7-fold coordination model appearsto be more consistentwith structurally similar anorthite, reedmergrrerite, and albite as evinced by the linear relationship between the mean Na/Ca-O bond lengths and the mean isotropic temperature factors of Na and Ca in these structures.The mean T-O bond length is 1.474 A for the B-containing tetrahedron and 1.617 A for the Si-containing tetrahedron, both of which are somewhat longer than those in re- edmergnerite(NaBSLOo). The trends observed between tetrahedral bond lengths, coordination number and Mulliken bond overlap populations for Si-O-+Al and Al-O-+Si bonds in anorthite are similar to those observed for Si-O+B and B-O"+Si bonds in danburite; shorter bonds with larger overlap populations and smaller coordination numbers are involved in wider tetrahedral angles, Introduction tion of bondingin thesestructures directed toward a The crystalstructure of danburite,CaBzSizOs, was rationalizationof their topologiesand the stericde- (cl determinedby Dunbar andMachatschki ( 1931) who tails and distribution of the tetrahedralatoms describedit as a frameworkof corner-sharingSi2O7 Ribbe, Phillips, and Gibbs, 1973; Gibbs, Louisna- and B2O7groups with the Ca atomscoordinated by than,Ribbe, and Phillips,1973). -
Cesiodymite Cskcu5o(SO4)5
Cesiodymite CsKCu5O(SO4)5 Crystal Data: Triclinic. Point Group: 1. As crude prismatic to thick tabular crystals or irregular grains to 0.3 mm and in open-work aggregates to 0.5 mm. Physical Properties: Cleavage: None. Fracture: Uneven. Tenacity: Brittle. Hardness = ~3 D(meas.) = n.d. D(calc.) = 3.593 Water soluble and hydroscopic. Visually not distinguishable from cryptochalcite. Optical Properties: Transparent to translucent. Color: Light green to green, occasionally with a yellowish hue. Streak: Pale green. Luster: Vitreous. Optical Class: Biaxial (-). α = 1.61(1) β = 1.627(4) γ = 1.635(4) 2V(meas.) = 70(10)° 2V(calc.) = 68° Pleochroism: Distinct, Z = bright green, Y = green with a weak yellowish hue, X = pale green to almost colorless. Absorption: Z > Y > X. Cell Data: Space Group: P1. a = 10.0682(4) b = 12.7860(7) c = 14.5486(8) α = 102.038(5)° β = 100.847(4)° γ = 89.956(4)° Z = 4 X-ray Powder Pattern: Arsenatnaya fumarole, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia. 3.946 (100), 6.95 (54), 3.188 (50), 3.404 (39), 3.765 (37), 2.681 (31), 3.104 (28) Chemistry: (1) Na2O - K2O 5.47 Rb2O 1.55 Cs2O 10.48 MgO - CuO 29.91 ZnO 11.05 SO3 40.74 Total 99.20 (1) Arsenatnaya fumarole, Second scoria cone, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia; average of 5 electron microprobe analyses supplemented by Raman spectroscopy; corresponds to (K1.14Cs0.73Rb0.16)Σ=2.03(Cu3.69Zn1.33)Σ=5.02S4.99O21. Polymorphism & Series: Forms a solid-solution series with cryptochalcite. Occurrence: As sublimates on basaltic scoria near a volcanic fumarole (>350-400 °C.). -
A Staining Technique for Barium Silicates in Thin Section
MINERALOGICAL MAGAZINE, SEPTEMBER 1985, VOL. 49, PP. 614-615 A staining technique for barium silicates in thin section BARIUM alumino-silicates (celsian, hyalophane, tained celsian from the Aberfeldy deposit, one as a and rare cymrite) have recently been discovered in vein and four disseminated in metasediments. A association with the Aberfeldy Ba,Zn,Pb deposit barium-free plagioclase from Skye provided a check (Coats et al., 1981), which occurs in Middle that the stain only reacts with barian minerals. To Dalradian garnet-amphibolite facies rocks (Moles, determine whether mica merely takes up stain along 1983) in Perthshire, Scotland. The deposit is hosted the cleavage, a single thin section (to eliminate by a muscovite schist containing cryptic Ba enrich- variations in technique) was made from two ment in the form of barian muscovite. Celsian micaceous rocks; one from Glen Lyon, Perthshire, and hyalophane also occur in stratigraphically containing barian muscovite and hyalophane, the equivalent uneconomic mineralized horizons else- other a barium-free sample of Moine Schist. where in Scotland, e.g. in Glen Lyon, Perthshire Several crystals of the barium zeolite, harmotome (M. J. Gallagher, pers. comm., 1981). Such barium (BaA12Si6016-H20), from Strontian, Argyll- minerals may thus indicate more generally the shire, and various barium-free calcium zeolites of nearby presence of base metal sulphides and baryte. unknown provenance: chabazite, CaA12Si4012" A quick and inexpensive method of detecting Ba in 6H20; heulandite, (Ca,Na2)A12SivO18"6H20; feldspars, micas, and other silicates would therefore and stilbite, (Ca,Naz,K2)A12SiTO18-7H20, were be a useful tool in mineral exploration. mounted in epoxy resin and ground down to Staining techniques can be easily employed to provide an etchable surface. -
Thermal Expansion of New Arsenate Minerals, Bradaczekite, Nacu4(Aso4)3, and Urusovite, Cu(Asalo5) S
ISSN 1075-7015, Geology of Ore Deposits, 2009, Vol. 51, No. 8, pp. 827–832. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2009. Original Russian Text © S.K. Filatov, D.S. Rybin, S.V. Krivovichev, L.P. Vergasova, 2009, published in Zapiski RMO (Proceedings of the Russian Mineralogical Society), 2009, Pt. CXXXVII, No. 1, pp. 136–143. MINERALOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY Thermal Expansion of New Arsenate Minerals, Bradaczekite, NaCu4(AsO4)3, and Urusovite, Cu(AsAlO5) S. K. Filatova, D. S. Rybina, S. V. Krivovicheva, and L. P. Vergasovab a Faculty of Geology, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia b Institute of Volcanology, Far East Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, Boulevard Piipa, 9, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, 683006 Russia Received December 19, 2007 Abstract—Thermal behavior of two new exhalation copper-bearing minerals, bradaczekite and urusovite, from the Great Tolbachik Fissure Eruption (1975–1976, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia) has been studied by X-ray thermal analysis within the range 20–700°C in air. The following major values of the thermal expansion tensor α α α α α × –6° –1 μ α ° have been calculated for urusovite: 11 = 10, 22 = b = 7, 33 = 4, V = 21 10 C , = c^ 33 = 49 and α α α × –6° –1 μ α ° bradaczekite: 11aver = 23, 22 = 8, 33aver = 6 10 C , (c^ 33) = 73 . The sharp anisotropy of thermal deformations of these minerals, absences of phase transitions, and stability of the minerals in the selected tem- perature range corresponding to conditions of their formation and alteration during the posteruption period of the volcanic activity are established. DOI: 10.1134/S1075701509080169 INTRODUCTION established that there is a synthetic analogue, NaCu4(AsO4)3, synthesized by Pertlik (1987) under The Great Tolbachik Fissure Eruption (GTFE 1975– hydrothermal conditions. -
Wulffite K3nacu4o2(SO4)4
Wulffite K3NaCu4O2(SO4)4 Crystal Data: Orthorhombic. Point Group: mm2. As tabular prismatic crystals to 2 mm, elongated along [010] and with pitted faces; in aggregates to 1 cm. Physical Properties: Cleavage: Perfect, 2 directions parallel to elongation and a third || (010). Fracture: Stepped. Tenacity: Brittle. Hardness = 2.5 D(meas.) = 3.23(2) D(calc.) = 3.19 Soluble in H2O. Optical Properties: Transparent. Color: Dark green, deep emerald green, deep bluish green. Streak: Light green. Luster: Vitreous. Optical Class: Biaxial (+). α = 1.582(3) β = 1.610(3) γ = 1.715(3) 2V(calc.) = 58° Orientation: Z = b. Pleochroism: Strong; X = pale green, Y = green, Z = emerald green. Absorption: X < Y < Z. Cell Data: Space Group: Pn21a. a = 14.2810(6) b = 4.9478(2) c = 24.1127(11) Z = 4 X-ray Powder Pattern: Arsenatnaya fumarole, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. 9.27 (100), 2.780 (33), 7.16 (22), 2.725 (20), 3.125 (16), 2.882 (16), 2.725 (14) Chemistry: (1) (2) Na2O 4.11 3.82 K2O 16.46 17.43 Rb2O 0.95 Cs2O 0.65 CuO 38.88 39.25 ZnO 0.15 SO3 39.11 39.50 Total 100.31 100.00 (1) Arsenatnaya fumarole, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia; average of 6 electron microprobe analyses supplemented by IR spectroscopy; corresponding to Na2.95(K4.75Rb0.25Cs0.14)Σ=5.14(Cu7.95Zn0.04)Σ=7.99S7.99O36. (2) K3NaCu4O2(SO4)4. Occurrence: As sublimates at a fumarole as incrustations on the surface of basalt scoria or on tenorite or aphthitalite crusts. Association: Euchlorine, fedotovite, hematite, johillerite, fluoborite, langbeinite, calciolangbeinite, arcanite, krasheninnikovite, lammerite, lammerite-β, bradaczekite, urusovite, gahnite (Cu-bearing variety), orthoclase (As-bearing variety), fluorophlogopite. -
Alphabetical List
LIST L - MINERALS - ALPHABETICAL LIST Specific mineral Group name Specific mineral Group name acanthite sulfides asbolite oxides accessory minerals astrophyllite chain silicates actinolite clinoamphibole atacamite chlorides adamite arsenates augite clinopyroxene adularia alkali feldspar austinite arsenates aegirine clinopyroxene autunite phosphates aegirine-augite clinopyroxene awaruite alloys aenigmatite aenigmatite group axinite group sorosilicates aeschynite niobates azurite carbonates agate silica minerals babingtonite rhodonite group aikinite sulfides baddeleyite oxides akaganeite oxides barbosalite phosphates akermanite melilite group barite sulfates alabandite sulfides barium feldspar feldspar group alabaster barium silicates silicates albite plagioclase barylite sorosilicates alexandrite oxides bassanite sulfates allanite epidote group bastnaesite carbonates and fluorides alloclasite sulfides bavenite chain silicates allophane clay minerals bayerite oxides almandine garnet group beidellite clay minerals alpha quartz silica minerals beraunite phosphates alstonite carbonates berndtite sulfides altaite tellurides berryite sulfosalts alum sulfates berthierine serpentine group aluminum hydroxides oxides bertrandite sorosilicates aluminum oxides oxides beryl ring silicates alumohydrocalcite carbonates betafite niobates and tantalates alunite sulfates betekhtinite sulfides amazonite alkali feldspar beudantite arsenates and sulfates amber organic minerals bideauxite chlorides and fluorides amblygonite phosphates biotite mica group amethyst -
Mineralogy and Crystal Structures of Barium Silicate Minerals
MINERALOGY AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF BARIUM SILICATE MINERALS FROM FRESNO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA by LAUREL CHRISTINE BASCIANO B.Sc. Honours, SSP (Geology), Queen's University, 1998 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences) We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA December 1999 © Laurel Christine Basciano, 1999 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of !PcX,rU\ a^/icJ OreO-^ Scf&PW The University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada Date OeC S/79 DE-6 (2/88) Abstract The sanbornite deposits at Big Creek and Rush Creek, Fresno County, California are host to many rare barium silicates, including bigcreekite, UK6, walstromite and verplanckite. As part of this study I described the physical properties and solved the crystal structures of bigcreekite and UK6. In addition, I refined the crystal structures of walstromite and verplanckite. Bigcreekite, ideally BaSi205-4H20, is a newly identified mineral species that occurs along very thin transverse fractures in fairly well laminated quartz-rich sanbornite portions of the rock. -
Oxidizing-Type Fumaroles of the Tolbachik Volcano, a Mineralogical and Geochemical Unique
Russian Geology and Geophysics © 2020, V.S. Sobolev IGM, Siberian Branch of the RAS Vol. 61, No. 5-6, pp. 675–688, 2020 DOI:10.15372/RGG2019167 Geologiya i Geofizika Oxidizing-Type Fumaroles of the Tolbachik Volcano, a Mineralogical and Geochemical Unique I.V. Pekova,b, , A.A. Agakhanovс, N.V. Zubkovaa, N.N. Koshlyakovaa, N.V. Shchipalkinaa, F.D. Sandalova, V.O. Yapaskurta, A.G. Turchkovaa, E.G. Sidorovd a Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow, 119991, Russia b Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Kosygina 19, Moscow, 119991, Russia c Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Leninskii pr. 18/2, Moscow, 119071, Russia d Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, bul. Piipa 9, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, 683006, Russia Received 1 July 2019; accepted 28 August 2019 Abstract—We overview recent data on the mineralogy of oxidizing-type fumaroles of the Tolbachik Volcano (Kamchatka, Russia), with the main focus on the chemical specifics of the minerals. The active fumarole fields of Tolbachik are the most prominent mineral- forming exhalative system of this type in the world. About 350 mineral species, including 123 minerals first discovered here, are reliably identified in the Tolbachik fumaroles. The species diversity and the specifics of this mineralization are due to the unique combination of the physicochemical conditions and mechanisms of its formation: high temperatures, atmospheric pressure, superhigh oxygen fugacity, gas transport of most of chemical elements, and direct deposition of many high-temperature minerals from volcanic gases with a specific geo- chemical composition, including strong enrichment in alkaline metals and chalcophile (“ore”) elements.