DOCSLIB.ORG

Goldmine Or Bottomless Pitt? Exploiting Cornwall's Mining Heritage

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Goldmine Or Bottomless Pitt? Exploiting Cornwall's Mining Heritage www.ssoar.info Goldmine or bottomless pitt? Exploiting Cornwall’s mining heritage Zwegers, Bart Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Zeitschriftenartikel / journal article Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Zwegers, B. (2018). Goldmine or bottomless pitt? Exploiting Cornwall’s mining heritage. Journal of Tourism, Heritage & Services Marketing, 4(1), 15-22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1247534 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer CC BY-NC-ND Lizenz This document is made available under a CC BY-NC-ND Licence (Namensnennung-Nicht-kommerziell-Keine Bearbeitung) zur (Attribution-Non Comercial-NoDerivatives). For more Information Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu den CC-Lizenzen finden see: Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.de Diese Version ist zitierbar unter / This version is citable under: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-67086-7 Journal of Tourism, Heritage & Services Marketing, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 15-22, 2018 15 Goldmine or bottomless pitt? Exploiting Cornwall’s mining heritage Bart Zwegers Maastricht University, Netherlands Abstract: This research paper discusses the rise of the heritage and tourist industry in Cornwall. It aims to historically contextualize this process by analyzing it in relation to the neo-liberal political landscape of the 1980s. The paper highlights several consequences of industrial heritage tourism in the region, including the growing gap between rich and poor that resulted from the arrival of newcomers from the richer Eastern counties and the perceived downplaying of Cornish heritage. It will explain how these developments paved the way for regionalist activists who strived for more Cornish autonomy in the field of heritage preservation and exploitation. Keywords: Industrial heritage tourism; Cornwall; Thatcherism; Mining heritage JEL Classification: B00, L72, B3 Biographical note: Dr. Bart Zwegers is a lecturer at Maastricht University, teaching in the Bachelor Arts and Culture and the Master Arts and Heritage. Contact details of the author: [email protected] 1 INTRODUCTION stimulating the commercial exploitation of former industrial sites. “The winding engines used to sing, a melody to Cornish tin This attempted transition, however, went far from smoothly. […] The water now reclaims the mine, and young men talk Service jobs in the tourist sector were often seasonal and low- of old men’s time […] The hammer of the auction man is the paid. Skilled craftsmen, miners with righteous professional only sound we soon will hear, and visitors will make the pride were forced into menial and servile jobs like ice-cream noise, and order drinks from Cornish boys” (Bryant, 1996). seller or car-park attendant (Deacon et al., 1988; Urry, 1990). The county’s real-estate market was hijacked by second Cornwall is located in the most south-western part of the home owners. Moreover, many of the new heritage British Isles. The county is roughly separated from the rest of attractions – museums, historic theme parks – seemed to England by the Tamar river, which has its source just four misrepresent Cornwall, either by portraying it as just another miles from Cornwall’s north coast and runs all the way south part of England, or by making a caricature of its unique and where it empties into the Atlantic Ocean. Some Cornish distinctive history (Kennedy & Kingcome, 1998). According residents find this geographical reality regrettable and wish to critics, heritage was no longer preserved as intrinsically that Cornwall would be cut-off from England entirely valuable. Instead, objects were sanitized, wrapped and (Laviolette, 2011). Cornwall is indeed separated by more prepared for tourist consumption. These sentiments gave rise than the Tamar alone; the region has a strong sense of ‘non- to numerous conflicts between local and national actors over English’ identity. The Cornish not only identified themselves the use, selection and interpretation of heritage objects in through their ‘significant other’, but also took proud in their Cornwall. region’s rich industrial history. The decline of the Cornish tin This paper aims to analyze Cornwall’s economic transition in and copper mining industry in the last quarter of the twentieth the context of the changing political climate of the 1980s. The century had a disruptive effect on the regional economy and case shows that debates about heritage and tourism do not culture. The Conservative government of the 1980s wished take place in a void but are constantly impacted by broader to cushion the negative economic and social effect of economic and political changes. The first section describes deindustrialization by transforming Cornwall’s economy, the history of industrialization and industrial decline in Cornwall. The second section analyzes the Conservative Copyright © 200 © 2018 Authors. Published by Alexander T.E.I. of Thessaloniki Some rights reserved. ISSN: 2529-1947. UDC: 658.8+338.48+339.1+640(05) Except otherwise noted, this work is licensed under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1247534 Published online: 15 May 2018 16 Bart Zwegers government’s answer to the challenges posed by the loss of could claim that even by the late twentieth century, the industry. It particularly focuses on the rise of industrial Cornish economy had still not fully recovered from the heritage tourism in the 1980s. The paper concludes with an downfall that had begun in the 1860s. By the 1980s, assessment of the consequences of the new tourist industry Cornwall’s unemployment was amongst the highest in for the region’s sense of identity and autonomy. It will show Britain at 18.4 percent. The gross salaries of those who were how the rising tourist industry formed a seedbed for activist employed was 18 percent below the national average, and groups with a strong regionalist agenda. Cornwall’s gross domestic product was the second lowest of all regions and counties in Scotland, England and Wales (Havinden et al., 1991). 2 THE RISE AND FALL OF BRITAIN’S SILICON- VALLEY 3 FROM TIN TO TOURISM The rough land of Cornwall is underlain by extensive deposits of tin, copper, silver, gold, lead, zinc, iron, arsenic, uranium and other minerals, making it a rare geological By the early 1980s, only a hand full of mines were still wonderland. Some historians (Shell, 1978; Trounson & struggling on. With the tin prices getting another blow in Bullen, 2012) claim that exploitation of these mineral 1985 and the Conservative government refusing to further resources had already began in Roman times, but the history subsidize the industry, these mines also closed down one by of large-scale mining in Cornwall begins in the eighteenth one. The closure of South Crofty (Fig. 1) – the last working century with the Industrial Revolution. The new industry’s mine – in 1998 led to public grief. As the Cornish historian hunger for metal – particularly copper and tin – stimulated Bernd Deacon observed: “the despair [that the closure of the Cornish miners to delve ever deeper. At its peak there were almost 3,000 mines in Cornwall. Mining created a South Crofty] evoked was deeper than that accompanying dynamic industrial society in Britain’s far west. It was “the normal bad economic news. Local communities mourned the Silicon-valley of its day” (BBC, 2003[1986]). All kinds of loss of over 2,000 years of mining” (Deacon, 2010: 17; see mining related industries emerged here: iron foundries, boiler also Buckley, 1997). On the days following the mine’s works, sawmills, rope works, candle factories, boot and shoe closure, brass bands led processions of people from the works, clothing manufactories, explosive works, fuse works, nearby villages to the mine site, where they came together to and other industries needed to keep the mines running. This pay tribute and say their goodbyes. The loss was not only society was the cradle of technological innovations like high economic, but also social and cultural. pressure steam engines and pneumatic drills, that served not An anonymous graffitist quoted the Cornish songwriter only mining but other branches of industry too (Sharpe, Roger Bryant on South Crofty’s wall: “Cornish lads are 2005). fishermen and Cornish lads are miners too, but when the fish Cornwall was one of the first regions in Britain to and tin are gone what are the Cornish boys to do?” (Bryant, industrialize. However, it was also one of the first regions to 1996; see also Laviolette, 2003: 26). Although the message experience industrial decline. The prices of lead and tin on South Crofty’s wall certainly struck a poignant note of collapsed in 1866. In the 1880s, the same happened to the nostalgia, the British government had a clear-cut answer to price of copper. Ironically, this was in part the result of the this question: Cornish boys are to work in the tourist industry success of the Cornish miners, who had helped export skills, (Larkham & Barrett, 1998; Hesmondhalgh et al., 2015). knowledge and technologies to regions that now formed Cornwall’s biggest competition in the global market (Payton, 3.1 Conservation and Commercialisation 2005). Especially metal from Australia and the Americas was so cheap that Cornwall’s older and deeper mines were no The Thatcher government stimulated the commercial longer competitive. Deindustrialization had a heavy toll on exploitation of heritage. This neo-liberal approach had the county’s economy and demography. The workforce particularly major consequences for the way heritage began to emigrate in great numbers. One third of the population left to try their luck elsewhere. It took until 1971 preservation was publicly legitimized. It was no longer just a before the population rate was back at the level of the 1850s humble act of piety to the ancestry. Instead, historic buildings (Deacon, 2010; Deacon, 2004). were seen to have real present-day market value.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 4.0 Appraisal of Special Interest
    4.0 APPRAISAL OF SPECIAL INTEREST 4.1 Character Areas Botallack The history and site of Botallack Manor is critical to an understanding of the history and development of the area. It stands at the gateway between the village and the Botallack mines, which underlay the wealth of the manor, and were the reason for the village’s growth. The mines are clearly visible from the manor, which significantly stands on raised ground above the valley to the south. Botallack Manor House remains the single most important building in the area (listed II*). Dated 1665, it may well be earlier in some parts and, indeed, is shown on 19th century maps as larger – there are still 17th century moulded archway stones to be found in the abandoned cottage enclosure south of the manor house. The adjoining long range to the north also has 17th century origins. The complex stands in a yard bounded by a well built wall of dressed stone that forms a strong line along the road. The later detached farm buildings slightly to the east are a good quality 18th/19th century group, and the whole collection points to the high early status of the site, but also to its relative decline from ‘manorial’ centre to just one of the many Boscawen holdings in the area from the early 19th century. To the south of Botallack Manor the village stretches away down the hill. On the skyline to the south is St Just, particularly prominent are the large Methodist chapel and the Church, and there is an optical illusion of Botallack and St Just having no countryside between them, perhaps symbolic of their historical relationship.
    [Show full text]
  • Copyrighted Material
    176 Exchange (Penzance), Rail Ale Trail, 114 43, 49 Seven Stones pub (St Index Falmouth Art Gallery, Martin’s), 168 Index 101–102 Skinner’s Brewery A Foundry Gallery (Truro), 138 Abbey Gardens (Tresco), 167 (St Ives), 48 Barton Farm Museum Accommodations, 7, 167 Gallery Tresco (New (Lostwithiel), 149 in Bodmin, 95 Gimsby), 167 Beaches, 66–71, 159, 160, on Bryher, 168 Goldfish (Penzance), 49 164, 166, 167 in Bude, 98–99 Great Atlantic Gallery Beacon Farm, 81 in Falmouth, 102, 103 (St Just), 45 Beady Pool (St Agnes), 168 in Fowey, 106, 107 Hayle Gallery, 48 Bedruthan Steps, 15, 122 helpful websites, 25 Leach Pottery, 47, 49 Betjeman, Sir John, 77, 109, in Launceston, 110–111 Little Picture Gallery 118, 147 in Looe, 115 (Mousehole), 43 Bicycling, 74–75 in Lostwithiel, 119 Market House Gallery Camel Trail, 3, 15, 74, in Newquay, 122–123 (Marazion), 48 84–85, 93, 94, 126 in Padstow, 126 Newlyn Art Gallery, Cardinham Woods in Penzance, 130–131 43, 49 (Bodmin), 94 in St Ives, 135–136 Out of the Blue (Maraz- Clay Trails, 75 self-catering, 25 ion), 48 Coast-to-Coast Trail, in Truro, 139–140 Over the Moon Gallery 86–87, 138 Active-8 (Liskeard), 90 (St Just), 45 Cornish Way, 75 Airports, 165, 173 Pendeen Pottery & Gal- Mineral Tramways Amusement parks, 36–37 lery (Pendeen), 46 Coast-to-Coast, 74 Ancient Cornwall, 50–55 Penlee House Gallery & National Cycle Route, 75 Animal parks and Museum (Penzance), rentals, 75, 85, 87, sanctuaries 11, 43, 49, 129 165, 173 Cornwall Wildlife Trust, Round House & Capstan tours, 84–87 113 Gallery (Sennen Cove, Birding,
    [Show full text]
  • Tremayne Family History
    TREMAYNE FAMILY HISTORY 1 First Generation 1 Peter/Perys de Tremayne (Knight Templar?) b abt 1240 Cornwall marr unknown abt 1273.They had the following children. i. John Tremayne b abt 1275 Cornwall ii. Peter Tremayne b abt 1276 Cornwall Peter/Perys de Tremayne was Lord of the Manor of Tremayne in St Martin in Meneage, Cornwall • Meneage in Cornish……Land of the Monks. Peter named in De Banco Roll lEDWl no 3 (1273) SOME FEUDAL COATS of ARMS by Joseph Foster Perys/Peter Tremayne. El (1272-1307). Bore, gules, three dexter arms conjoined and flexed in triangle or, hands clenched proper. THE CARTULARY OF ST. MICHAELS MOUNT. The Cartulary of St Michaels Mount contains a charter whereby Robert, Count of Mortain who became Earl of Cornwall about 1075 conferred on the monks at St Michaels Mount 3 acres in Manech (Meneage) namely Treboe, Lesneage, Tregevas and Carvallack. This charter is confirmed in substance by a note in the custumal of Otterton Priory that the church had by gift of Count Robert 2 plough lands in TREMAINE 3 in Traboe 3 in Lesneage 2 in Tregevas and 2 in Carvallack besides pasture for all their beasts ( i.e. on Goonhilly) CORNISH MANORS. It was usual also upon Cornish Manors to pay a heriot (a fine) of the best beast upon the death of a tenant; and there was a custom that if a stranger passing through the County chanced to die, a heriot of his best beast was paid, or his best jewel, or failing that his best garments to the Lord of the Manor.
    [Show full text]
  • Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape from Around 1700 to 1914
    Dates of request for additional information and of receipt from State Party: ICOMOS has sent a letter on 9 Cornwall and West Devon Mining November 2005 and the State Party has provided Landscape (United Kingdom) information on 23 December 2005. Consultations: ICOMOS has consulted its International No 1215 Scientific Committee on Historic Gardens – Cultural Landscapes and TICCIH. IUCN has provided an evaluation of the natural attributes of the site. Literature: Extensive literature on Cornish mining, mining 1. BASIC DATA engines, mining processes, mining transport, mining State Party: United Kingdom settlements, mining social structures, the contribution of Cornwall to the industrial revolution, geology & Name of property: Cornwall and West Devon Mining mineralogy and the Cornish Diaspora, particularly in the Landscape Journal of the Trevithick Society (1973 -), from local Location: Cornwall and Devon Counties publishers such as D Bradford Barton Ltd., Twelveheads Press, Landfall Publications, and Dyllansow Truran, by Date received Prof Roger Burt between 1969 and 1987 on the by the World Heritage Centre: 25 January 2005 organisation of Cornish mines; also unpublished thesis by Included in the Tentative List: 21 June 1999 G Burke, The Cornish Miner and the Cornish Mining Industry 1870-1921, 1981. International Assistance from the World Heritage Fund for preparing the nomination: No Date of ICOMOS approval of this report: 10 April 2006 Category of property: In terms of the categories of cultural property set out in 3. THE PROPERTY Article 1 of the 1972 World Heritage Convention, this is a Description site. In terms of the Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention (2 The extensive nominated site consists of the most February 2005) paragraph 47, it is also a cultural authentic and historically important surviving components landscape.
    [Show full text]
  • Wendron Audio Trail Delve Deeper
    Delve Deeper Wendron Wendron: Ghosts of mining amidst Mining peaceful pastures District If you wish to delve deeper into the history of Wendron’s links with Cornish Mining then this short guide will provide you with more information. As you explore Wendron’s quiet farmland or walk along its tinkling streams, it’s easy to feel like you’ve stepped back in time. But if you did step back 150 years or so, you would find yourself in a very different landscape – a noisy, dirty, smoky industrial area. The parish of Wendron is one of the oldest mining districts in Cornwall and the Cober Valley was one of the most important tin streaming areas. Tin streaming has been important in the area since medieval times. Then, from the late 1700s, Wendron became part of the Cornish mining boom – the parish had very rich deposits of tin. For this reason, Wendron is one of the ten areas of the Cornish Mining World Heritage Site. More than 800 people were employed in the parish in 1870. Yet by 1880, Wendron’s mining industry, like that of other Cornish districts, had utterly collapsed due to foreign competition. TIN STREAMING – WENDRON’S EARLIEST INDUSTRY Why was tin in streams? Cornwall’s granite contains near vertical veins (lodes) of minerals such as tin, copper and tungsten. In the Wendron district, the tin lodes were narrow and close to the surface, allowing early miners to dig it out. Erosion of the rocks carried deposits of tin ore downstream to the valley bottoms. There it was buried in sands and gravel.
    [Show full text]
  • Devon, Cornwall & Southwest England
    © Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd 4 DAVID TOMLINSON DAVID INTRODUCING DEVON, CORNWALL & SOUTHWEST ENGLAND WHEN THE REST OF THE NATION WANTS TO ESCAPE, IT’S THIS FAR-FLUNG CORNER OF ENGLAND, THE WESTCOUNTRY, THEY INVARIABLY HEAD FOR. Every year millions of visitors fl ock to the region’s shores to feel the sand between their toes and paddle in the briny blue, and with over 650 miles of coastline and cliff tops to explore, not to mention some of England’s greenest, grandest countryside, it’s not really surprising. But while the stirring scenery is undoubtedly one of the main attractions, there’s much more to this region than just shimmering sands and grandstand views. After decades of economic underinvestment and industrial decline, things are really changing out west. Run-down harbours JURASSIC COAST are being renovated. Celebrity chefs are setting NEIL SETCHFIELD up shop along the coastline. Old fi shing harbours, derelict mining towns and faded seaside resorts are reinventing themselves as cultural centres, artistic havens and gastronomic hubs. Whichever way you look at it, there seems to be something special in the air, and it’s not just the salty tang of sea breeze. Everyone seems to want their own lit- tle slice of the southwest lifestyle these days, and it’s high time you found out why. TOP Bathers bask in the sun by the limestone rock arch, Durdle Door (p102) BOTTOM LEFT The space-age biomes of the Eden Project (p241) BOTTOM RIGHT Bristol’s famous landmark, the Clifton Suspension Bridge (p41) EDEN PROJECT HANTASTICO (HANNAH KING)
    [Show full text]
  • A Wg Photo Album
    .A WG PHOTO ALBUM. (1) Parents Albert and Annie, circa 1890!(2) 66 Langdale Road, Victoria Park, Manchester, where WG was born on 30 June 1908 !(3) Perranporth, 1927 (4) The young author circa 1934! (5) At a Truro drama festival held on 25 April 1936, a team from Perranporth WI presented Values, a one-act play written probably especially for the occasion by WG. Three of the cast of seven are shown above, among them in the waitress costume on the right WG's future wife Jean Williamson. !(6) Wedding to Jean, 18 September 1939 (7) On Coastguard duty, 1941! !(8) With Valerie Taylor circa 1945! !(9) With Greta Gynt, female lead in 1947 film Take My Life (10) circa 1948! With Garrick: (11) At home, 1955!(12) On the beach, date unknown !(13) and (14) Two from 1956! 1956, during the production of Fortune is a Woman:!(15) With Jack Hawkins, who played Oliver Branwell, and co-writer/director Sidney Gilliat (16) With Arlene Dahl ("Sarah Moreton") !1957: (17) With Sidney Gilliat at the UK premiere on 13 March of Fortune is a! Woman (18) At home in Perranporth (19) Beach bum: West Pentire, date unknown!(20) Cooden Beach, Sussex, 1961 !Previous page and above: (21)-(24) Some from a series of publicity photos taken at WG's Buxted home, probably in the summer of 1962 !(25) With Hedren and Hitchcock on the set of Marnie circa 1963 (26) 1965! Previous page and above: (27)-(30):!More publicity photos, probably taken in 1966. If you look carefully, you'll see that (27) and (29) are different renditions of the same image and that (30) is a cropped and enlarged version of (28) !(31) Detroit, 1967! (32), (33) Two more from 1967 !(34) and (35): Winston and Jean, dates unknown! (36) Perranporth beach: the figure is the foreground is WG.!The building at top centre is Lech Carrygy, where most of Demelza was written.
    [Show full text]
  • Discover-Cornish-Mining.Pdf
    CORNISH MINING WHERE CAN I EXPERIENCE WORLD HERITAGE SITE CORNISH MINING? ornwall and West Devon Mining The World Heritage Site has many Landscape World Heritage Site, exciting mining heritage attractions Cpopularly known as Cornish across Cornwall and west Devon Mining, has gained international which together enable the visitor recognition from UNESCO for specific to experience the full breadth mine sites, landscapes, towns and of the Cornish Mining story. villages within Cornwall and west Devon, which are of global significance. The following pages contain information on these attractions to As a World Heritage Site, Cornwall and help plan your visit, and for further west Devon’s historic mining landscapes information on Cornish Mining, and are on par with such international links to these sites, please log on to treasures as Stonehenge, the Taj Mahal, www.cornishmining.org.uk and the Great Wall of China. CORNISH MINING WHAT IS THE CORNISH ATTRACTIONS MINING WORLD MARKETING ASSOCIATION HERITAGE SITE? Cornish Mining Attractions marketing Association (CMAMA) works with the The Cornish Mining World Heritage Site World Heritage Site to ensure a high comprises ten landscape Areas from quality visitor experience consistent the west of Cornwall to west Devon, with World Heritage status. which together best represent the international significance of our historic All CMAMA member attractions have deep-lode metal mining. Also at just over passed a rigorous assessment process 19,700 hectares (48,700 acres), Cornish to ensure you have an enjoyable visit. Mining is the largest World Heritage At CMAMA attractions you can find Site on the United Kingdom mainland. out about the historical and cultural significance of the World Heritage Site and other places to visit which Cover and facing image; tell the story of Cornish Mining.
    [Show full text]
  • Cornish Mineral Reference Manual
    Cornish Mineral Reference Manual Peter Golley and Richard Williams April 1995 First published 1995 by Endsleigh Publications in association with Cornish Hillside Publications © Endsleigh Publications 1995 ISBN 0 9519419 9 2 Endsleigh Publications Endsleigh House 50 Daniell Road Truro, Cornwall TR1 2DA England Printed in Great Britain by Short Run Press Ltd, Exeter. Introduction Cornwall's mining history stretches back 2,000 years; its mineralogy dates from comparatively recent times. In his Alphabetum Minerale (Truro, 1682) Becher wrote that he knew of no place on earth that surpassed Cornwall in the number and variety of its minerals. Hogg's 'Manual of Mineralogy' (Truro 1825) is subtitled 'in wich [sic] is shown how much Cornwall contributes to the illustration of the science', although the manual is not exclusively based on Cornish minerals. It was Garby (TRGSC, 1848) who was the first to offer a systematic list of Cornish species, with locations in his 'Catalogue of Minerals'. Garby was followed twenty-three years later by Collins' A Handbook to the Mineralogy of Cornwall and Devon' (1871; 1892 with addenda, the latter being reprinted by Bradford Barton of Truro in 1969). Collins followed this with a supplement in 1911. (JRIC Vol. xvii, pt.2.). Finally the torch was taken up by Robson in 1944 in the form of his 'Cornish Mineral Index' (TRGSC Vol. xvii), his amendments and additions were published in the same Transactions in 1952. All these sources are well known, but the next to appear is regrettably much less so. it would never the less be only just to mention Purser's 'Minerals and locations in S.W.
    [Show full text]
  • RETALLACK SURNAME July 20, 2013
    RETALLACK SURNAME revised September 12, 2015 by Greg Retallack, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1272:[email protected] Abstract Retallack is a name endemic to Cornwall, and traceable in that southwestern English county back to 1497. The name is probably derived from Talek, recorded back to 1349, by addition of a demonstrative pronoun (those Taleks!). Talek in turn is most likely from the old Cornish talawg meaning “high forehead”. The comparable Welsh name Tallwch and Pictish Talorc can be traced back to the 6th century. There are numerous other ideas concerning the origin of the Retallack surname from Cornish place names, Cornish saints, mine workings and Norse and Greek gods, and these are all reviewed here. Retallacks in Cornwall were largely miners, farmers and farm laborers. Many left Cornwall for Australia and the United States during the potato blight and mining slump of the 1850's, so that there are now more Retallacks overseas than in Cornwall. Introduction The Retallack name is unusual and often requires careful spelling out. Pronunciation is also a challenge (correct is r'-TAL-lack, rhymes with metallic). Retallack is endemic to Cornwall, England (Fig. 1), where it has been a common name back to the 15th century (Table 1). Since the 19th century there has been a global Retallack diaspora (Table 2) so that there are now more Retallacks in Australia and the U.S. than in Cornwall. A computer search1 revealed 294 Retallacks in Australia, 173 in the United States, 151 in Great Britain, 48 in Canada and 2 in South Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • {PDF} 50 Gems of Cornwall : the History & Heritage of the Most
    50 GEMS OF CORNWALL : THE HISTORY & HERITAGE OF THE MOST ICONIC PLACES PDF, EPUB, EBOOK John Husband | 96 pages | 01 Sep 2019 | Amberley Publishing | 9781445689111 | English | Chalford, United Kingdom 50 Gems of Cornwall : The History & Heritage of the Most Iconic Places PDF Book See the majestic Skipton Castle, enjoy the splendour of Bolton Abbey and take in the fascinating views and history from the three peaks of Pen-y- ghent, Ingleborough and Whernside. Cornwall has gorgeous landscape, pristine beaches The Port of Hayle - near to St Just, much less picturesque. Daniel Cole. Other Views. This equilibrium is harnessed and interwoven by a revered heritage that not only stretches back hundreds of years but is retained, protected and celebrated today. This site is hard to grasp since it is so wide spread, perhaps too wide. Priljubljeni avtorji. Review Subject Required. About Paul Harris. Like all publishers, we want to find the brightest and best literature, be it flash, poetry or full-length projects and bring it alive for readers around the world. John booth New Zealand - May - Over a few days I managed to visit a number of the sites: Hayle - port for exporting tin Wendron mining district - the Poldark mine with its interesting museum and exhibits Portreath harbour - port for importing coal and exporting tin; many old mine workingws in this area St Agnes - many derilict mine wotkings Luxulyan - a mining village and Treffrey viaduct Tamar valley - several derilict smelters seen from the train to Gunnislake I visited all of the above by train or bus from Truro. Water wheels : At Morwellham Quay.
    [Show full text]
  • Seascape Character Assessment Report
    Seascape Character Assessment for the South West Inshore and Offshore marine plan areas MMO 1134: Seascape Character Assessment for the South West Inshore and Offshore marine plan areas September 2018 Report prepared by: Land Use Consultants (LUC) Project funded by: European Maritime Fisheries Fund (ENG1595) and the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Version Author Note 0.1 Sally First draft desk-based report completed May 2016 Marshall Maria Grant 1.0 Sally Updated draft final report following stakeholder Marshall/ consultation, August 2018 Kate Ahern 1.1 Chris MMO Comments Graham, David Hutchinson 2.0 Kate Ahern Final Report, September 2018 2.1 Chris Independent QA Sweeting © Marine Management Organisation 2018 You may use and re-use the information featured on this website (not including logos) free of charge in any format or medium, under the terms of the Open Government Licence. Visit www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government- licence/ to view the licence or write to: Information Policy Team The National Archives Kew London TW9 4DU Email: [email protected] Information about this publication and further copies are available from: Marine Management Organisation Lancaster House Hampshire Court Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 7YH Tel: 0300 123 1032 Email: [email protected] Website: www.gov.uk/mmo Disclaimer This report contributes to the Marine Management Organisation (MMO) evidence base which is a resource developed through a large range of research activity and methods carried out by both MMO and external experts. The opinions expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect the views of MMO nor are they intended to indicate how MMO will act on a given set of facts or signify any preference for one research activity or method over another.
    [Show full text]