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63 POPULASI DAN HABITAT KAMPIS (Hernandia Nymphaeifolia (C. Presl

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63 POPULASI DAN HABITAT KAMPIS (Hernandia Nymphaeifolia (C. Presl POPULASI DAN HABITAT KAMPIS (Hernandia nymphaeifolia (C. Presl.) Kubitzki) DI HUTAN LINDUNG UJUNG GENTENG (Population and Habitat of Kampis, Hernandia nymphaeifolia (C. Presl.) Kubitzki in Ujung Genteng Protection Forest)* Titi Kalima Pusat Litbang Konservasi dan Rehabilitasi Jl.Gunung Batu No.5 PO Box 165;Telp.0251-8633234;Fax 0251-8638111 Bogor e-mail : [email protected]; [email protected] *Diterima : 27 Januari 2012; Disetujui : 25 Februari 2013 Abdullah; Fauzi; Hesti ABSTRACT The study was conducted in the Ujung Genteng Protected Forest, Sukabumi, West Java, in October and November 2011. The purpose of this study was to obtain data and information on population and habitat Hernandia nymphaeifolia (C. Presl.) Kubitzki species. The method used was line transect method of 1 km with a width of 10 m with a direction parallel to the shore line path. Sample plots of 20 m x 10 m were laid on continuously along the transect to assess the tree level. Sapling and seedling levels were assessed in sub- plot of 10 m x 10 m and 1 m x 1 m, respectively. The results showed that the population density of individual tree H. nymphaeifolia species that occured in the west of Ujung Genteng Protected Forest was more dense than that of in the east. In the west, densities of trees, poles and seedlings were 49, 46, and 10,200 individual/ha, respectively; whereas densities in the east were, 21, 16, and 2,653 individuals/ha. Considering ecological and potential economic value of H. nymphaeifolia, this species need to be protected through in- situ, ex-situ conservation, cultivation and venture on to a sustainable use. Keywords: Multipurpose species, species diversity, coastal forests ABSTRAK Penelitian dilakukan di kawasan Hutan Lindung (HL) Ujung Genteng, Sukabumi, Jawa Barat pada bulan Oktober dan November 2011. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memperoleh data dan informasi populasi dan habitat spesies kampis (Hernandia nymphaeifolia (C. Presl.) Kubitzki ) di HL Ujung Genteng. Metode yang digunakan adalah jalur transek (line transect method) sepanjang 1 km dengan lebar 10 m dengan arah jalur sejajar garis pantai. Jalur tersebut dibuat plot berukuran 20 m x 10 m bersambungan satu sama lain untuk mendata tingkat pohon. Setiap plot 20 m x 10 m dibuat sub plot berukuran 10 m x 10 m untuk tingkat pancang dan sub-sub plot berukuran 1 m x 1 m untuk pengamatan tingkat semai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa populasi individu H. nymphaeifolia yang tumbuh di HL Ujung Genteng bagian barat lebih padat daripada di bagian timur. Di bagian barat, kerapatan pohon, pancang, dan semai masing-masing 49, 46, dan 10.200 individu/ha, sedangkan di bagian timur secara berturut-turut 21, tingkat pancang 16 individu/ha, dan semai 2.653 individu/ha. Untuk kepentingan ekologis dan nilai ekonomis potensial, khususnya jenis kampis (H. nymphaeifolia) perlu dipertahankan keberadaannya melalui upaya konservasi in- situ, eks-situ, budidaya serta usaha ke arah penggunaan yang berkelanjutan. Kata kunci: Spesies multiguna, keragaman jenis, hutan pantai I. PENDAHULUAN Genteng dikenal sebagai kawasan latihan Informasi mengenai ekosistem Hutan militer TNI Angkatan Udara (AU) yang Lindung (HL) Ujung Genteng umumnya terletak di daerah pesisir pantai selatan masih sangat terbatas, terbukti dari lang- Jawa Barat, termasuk Desa Ujung Gen- kanya paparan data untuk daerah tersebut. teng, Kecamatan Ciracap, Kabupaten Su- Selain itu, koleksi dan pengenalan jenis kabumi. Keberadaan HL Ujung Genteng flora di HL Ujung Genteng juga masih menjadi lebih penting dengan ditunjuk- sangat kurang (TNI AU, 2011, komuni- nya kawasan hutan tersebut sebagai ka- kasi pribadi). Secara geografis HL Ujung wasan latihan militer dan daerah 63 Vol. 10 No. 1, April 2013 : 63-79 perlindungan. Keadaan HL Ujung Gen- habitatnya. Diharapkan data dasar popu- teng ini kaya akan jenis tumbuh-tumbuh- lasi dan habitat jenis pohon yang terkum- an, di antaranya jenis pohon kampis pul dapat menjadi masukan bagi pengelo- (Hernandia nymphaeifolia (C. Presl.) Ku- laan kawasan lindung tersebut. bitzki) dari suku Hernandiaceae yang be- lum terungkap secara rinci. Kayu kampis cukup banyak dimanfa- II. BAHAN DAN METODE atkan untuk berbagai keperluan. Sebagai contoh, di kepulauan Pasifik Selatan, ka- A. Waktu dan Lokasi Penelitian yu jenis ini digunakan untuk tangkai pe- Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kawas- mancing, sandal, kipas tangan, papan an HL Ujung Genteng (Gambar 1). Seca- gambar, asesoris, perabot, dan kayu ba- ra administrasi pemerintahan kawasan ini kar. Adapun bijinya setelah dipernis di- termasuk Desa Ujung Genteng, Kecamat- buat perhiasan kalung, remasan daun di- an Ciracap, Kabupaten Sukabumi, Pro- campur dengan air mandi dapat menyem- vinsi Jawa Barat (Gambar 2). Secara geo- buhkan sakit kepala pada anak-anak (Fu- grafis lokasi penelitian terletak antara jita, 1991). Kayu kampis sangat ringan, 0 110 39’00”-110°40’22,90“ BT dan dengan rata-rata berat jenis 0,36 dan ter- 0 7 35’00”-7°37’22,60” LS. Keadaan topo- masuk dalam kelas awet V dan kelas kuat grafi di lokasi penelitian datar dengan ke- IV-(V) (Oey, 1990). Heyne (1987) meng- tinggian berkisar antara 0 dan 250 meter informasikan bahwa pemanfaatan H. di atas permukaan laut. Kawasan HL nymphaeifolia antara lain: akar dikunyah Ujung Genteng mempunyai luas kurang dengan pinang sebagai penawar racun se- lebih sekitar 12 hektar, termasuk dalam telah makan kepiting; remasan inti batang wilayah pengelolaan TNI Angkatan Uda- dekat pangkal akar berwarna hitam di- ra Atang Sanjaya, Semplak, Bogor (TNI campur dengan gambir dan air mawar un- AU, 2011, komunikasi pribadi). Alasan tuk mengobati muntah darah; biji me- dipilihnya lokasi tersebut karena lokasi ngandung 51% minyak lemak kental ber- tersebut merupakan sisa hutan primer di warna kuning, dipakai untuk lampu dan wilayah Ujung Genteng yang digunakan lilin. Simanjuntak (2005) memasukkan sebagai sarana perlindungan dan pelesta- jenis H. nymphaeifolia ke dalam daftar rian alam, pendidikan, penelitian, dan pa- tumbuhan Indonesia penghasil minyak le- ru-paru kota serta wilayah resapan air, mak, dan bijinya berpotensi sebagai ener- namun sampai saat ini belum ada infor- gi alternatif (biofuel). Hasil penelitian masi tentang kondisi hutannya. Waktu Pettit et al. (2004) menyatakan bahwa penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Okto- lignin dari H. nymphaeifolia diidentifika- ber dan November 2011. si sebagai penghambat aktivitas sel kan- Menurut Schmidt dan Ferguson ker. Daun, buah, kulit, dan daging buah (1951) lokasi penelitian termasuk tipe ik- H. nymphaeifolia digunakan untuk pakan lim B dengan curah hujan rata-rata tahun- kuskus (Lekito et al., 2005). an 3.196 mm, suhu udara antara 20- Atas dasar kepentingan itulah studi po- 30°C. Jenis tanah termasuk dalam dataran pulasi dan habitat kampis ini dilaksana- Alluvial dan Latosol. kan. Populasi jenis tersebut berkaitan erat dengan isolasi geografi dan habitat B. Bahan dan Alat Penelitian (Whitmore, 1992). Oleh karena itu, pene- litian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh in- Bahan penelitian yang digunakan formasi tentang kondisi populasi dan ha- adalah jenis pohon H. nymphaeifolia bitat jenis pohon kampis pada kawasan yang ada di kawasan HL Ujung Genteng, HL Ujung Genteng, Sukabumi yang da- Sukabumi. Alat yang dipakai dalam pene- litian adalah pita meteran/roll, phi band, pat diungkap melalui studi tipe vegetasi 64 Populasi dan Habitat Kampis (Hernandia nymphaeifolia (C. Presl.) Kubitzki) ....(T. Kalima) Gambar (Figure) 1. Lokasi penelitian kawasan Hutan Lindung Ujung Genteng (Research site of Ujung Gen- teng Protected Forest) (Foto: TNI AU) Peta lokasi penelitian Jawa Barat (Map of research site) U 20 0 20 40 Km Keterangan (Remark): : Batas kabupaten (District boundary) : Kecamatan (Sub-district) : lokasi penelitian HL Ujung Genteng (Ujung Genteng protected forest research area) Kabupaten Sukabumi Sumber (Source): www.ujung-genteng.info/peta-lokasi/ Diakses 2011 Gambar (Figure) 2. Peta lokasi penelitian di Hutan Lindung Ujung Genteng (Map of the research site in Ujung Genteng Protected Forest) tali, blanko data, gunting ranting, parang, C. Metode Penelitian altimeter (pengukur ketinggian), peng- 1. Pengumpulan Data ukur suhu dan kelembaban udara (ther- mohygrometer), pengukur pH dan kelem- Observasi umum dilakukan untuk baban tanah, teropong, kamera, GPS (glo- mendapatkan gambaran secara luas me- bal position system), dan alat tulis. ngenai kawasan hutan lindung yang 65 Vol. 10 No. 1, April 2013 : 63-79 dikunjungi, khususnya pada tempat-tem- parameter lingkungan meliputi suhu dan pat terpilih di hutan lindung bagian barat kelembaban udara, pH dan kelembaban dan bagian timur. Data utama diperoleh tanah dan kondisi lingkungan lainnya. melalui pengamatan langsung terhadap 2. Analisis Data aspek populasi dan habitat pada plot pe- nelitian sebagai cuplikan di lapangan. Data hasil pengamatan yang terkum- Metode yang digunakan adalah jalur tran- pul dianalisis lalu diinterpretasikan meli- sek (line transect method) sepanjang puti komposisi jenis, keanekaragaman je- 1.000 m dengan lebar 10 m (Soerianegara nis, tingkat kesamaan komposisi jenis, dan Indrawan, 1988) dengan arah jalur nilai penting, distribusi kelas diameter. sejajar garis pantai, baik di bagian barat Spesimen herbarium yang terkumpul di- (1.000 m) maupun bagian timur (980 m). analisis untuk mengetahui ketepatan na- Pada jalur tersebut dibuat plot berukuran ma ilmiah, deskripsi botani khususnya 20 m x 10 m bersambungan satu sama la- pohon kampis dengan pendekatan identi- in (Gambar 3), sebanyak 50 plot dan 49 fikasi komparatif
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