DOCSLIB.ORG

Species-Environment Patterns of Forest Vegetation on the Uplifted

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Species-Environment Patterns of Forest Vegetation on the Uplifted Species-Environment Patterns of Forest Vegetation on the Uplifted Reef Limestone of Atiu, Mangaia, Ma'uke and Miti'aro, Cook Islands Author(s): Janet Franklin and Mark Merlin Source: Journal of Vegetation Science, Vol. 3, No. 1 (Feb., 1992), pp. 3-14 Published by: Blackwell Publishing Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3235991 Accessed: 08/11/2010 22:22 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=black. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. Blackwell Publishing is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of Vegetation Science. http://www.jstor.org 3 Species-environment patterns of forest vegetation on the uplifted reef limestone of Atiu, Mangaia, Ma'uke and Miti'aro, Cook Islands Franklin, Janetl* & Merlin, Mark2 'Department of Geography, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA; 2Department of General Science, University of Hawaii, Honululu, HI 96822, USA; *Tel. 619 594 5491; Fax 619 594 4938; E-mail JANET@GEOSUN2.SDSU.EDU Abstract. We examined woody species composition and its areas, the site of agricultural activities; however, native relationto environmentalvariables in native forestgrowing on vegetation is largely intact on the rugged makatea (Sykes four limestone islands in the southern Cook Islands: Atiu, 1976a-d) because the karst topography is unsuitable for Mangaia,Ma'uke, and Miti'aro.Relative dominance(percent most forms of cultivation. basal area)of woody species in 74 sites was sampledusing the There have been few botanical studies in the south- point-centeredquarter method, and the data were analyzed ern Cook Islands (Sykes 1980a), and most have been using clustering and ordination techniques. These tropical based on collections from a island forestshave a relativelylow diversityof native woody species Rarotonga, high (32 native and 10 introducedspecies occurredin our sites). (Cheeseman 1903; Wilder 1931; Philipson 1971; Fosberg Fourforest types were recognized:Pandanus/Guettarda litto- & Sachet 1972; Stoddart 1972; see Stoddart 1975a for ral forest (with several subtypes),Hernandia nymphaeifolia other references), and Aitutaki, an almost-atoll (Fosberg littoralforest, Barringtonialittoral forest, and makateaforest 1975; Townsend 1975; Stoddart 1975b and c). No flora (dominatedby Elaeocarpustonganus and Hernandia moeren- for the entire Cook Islands has been published. Al- houtiana). These types were related, using canonical though there have been some descriptive botanical studies to attributes (wind- correspondenceanalysis, geographical of the makatea islands in the Cook Islands (Sykes 1976a- wardness,elevation, and proximityto the coast or roads) that d, 1980b; Whistler 1988, 1990) and elsewhere in the served as surrogatesfor environmentalvariables (maritime Pacific few of the influence, soil variation, and degree of human disturbance). (Wilder 1934), quantitative analyses The eigenvalues for this direct ordinationwere much lower species assemblages or species/environment relations than for indirect ordination(0.32 vs. 0.71 for the first axis), of native forest have been carried out in the southern indicating that the measured geographical attributescould Cook Islands (Merlin 1985, 1991), or anywhere in the explain only a modest portionof the compositionalvariation. tropical Pacific (e.g. Whistler 1983; Sabath 1977; Kirkpatrick & Hassall 1985) other than Hawaii. Ecological associations on the Pacific islands have Keywords: Canonical CorrespondenceAnalysis; Detrended been altered by both Polynesian and European introduc- CorrespondenceAnalysis; Makatea; Oceania; Ordination; Poly- tions of non-native plants and animals (Olson & James nesia; Tropicalforest; Two-way indicatorspecies analysis. 1982, 1984; Kirch 1982; Merlin 1985, 1991; Steadman 1989; Dye & Steadman 1990). An assessment of the Nomenclature: Whistler(1990). extent of human disturbance is critical to conservation of the indigenous biota of the region (Whistler 1980; Sykes 1983; Dahl 1986; Pearsall in press b). For exam- Introduction ple, many species of landbirds in Polynesia are on the verge of local or complete extinction because of habitat Atiu, Mangaia, Ma'uke, and Miti'aro in the southern disturbance and destruction by humans (Steadman 1989). Cook Islands (Fig. 1) are composed of low central hills A recent study of food resources of native landbirds on of highly weathered volcanic material surrounded by Atiu, Ma'uke, and Miti'aro found that they were almost elevated coral limestone formations known locally as entirely dependent on the fruits and seeds of indigenous makatea. This arrangement of geomorphic features is forest plants (Franklin & Steadman in press). The objec- relatively rare among the Pacific islands (Wood & Hay tive definition of forest community types and ecoclines 1970; Stoddart 1975a; Stoddart, Spencer & Scoffin (sensu van der Maarel 1990) is a prerequisite to biologi- 1985). Alien plant species dominate on the volcanic cal conservation in Polynesia (Pearsall in press a; Franklin 4 Franklin, J. & Merlin, M. -; Penrhyn 10? Rakahanga Pukapuka Manihiki Nassau * . uwarrow 1: f l.. .. -: . ., IIIQ: .,.". Suwarrow I -- a 150 'l-Ij "IV. lll: s Palmerston , Aitutaki .:, Manuae Mitiaro 20? Takutea. COOK ISLANDS At ' Mauke Rarotonga Mangaia I I I o ^1 Pno0 4 r 165" 160" 155v Fig. 1. Map showing location of Atiu, Mangaia,Ma'uke, and Miti'aro in the southernCook Islands. Inset shows the location of the Cook Islandsin the west centralPacific, relativeto new Zealandand Australia.Figure reprinted from Franklin& Steadman(in press) by permissionof Blackwell Scientific Publishing. & Steadmanin press). (CCA) was used to relate the samples directly to the In the present study, our purpose is two-fold: to measured environmental variables. describe the forest species assemblages on these little- studiedmakatea formations, and to relate species com- position gradientsto environmentalvariables. In addi- Study area tion, we wish to answer the following question: given four geomorphologicallysimilar islands, can a general The southernCook Islands lie at the southernedge vegetationclassification system be defined, or do inter- of the persistenttrade wind zone of the South Pacific. island floristic differences have an overridingeffect on Winds are most frequentlyfrom the east and southeast. community composition? We addressedthese objec- Mean annualtemperature is 24 to 26 ?C, with a greater tives by applyingclassification and ordinationmethods diurnalthan annual range. Rainfall is markedlyseasonal to species composition and environmentaldata from 74 with two thirds of the rain falling between November forest sites. Compositionalvariation was relatedto en- and April. The long-term average annual rainfall is vironmentalvariables by calculatingcorrelation coeffi- between 1900 and 2050 mm for the southern Cook cients between the environmentalvariables and ordina- Islands (Thompson 1986). On Atiu, Mangaia,Ma'uke, tion axes derivedby detrendedcorrespondence analysis and Miti'aro the central hills are separatedfrom the (DCA). Finally, canonical correspondence analysis encircling makateaby an annularswampy depression. - Limestone forest vegetation of the Cook Islands - 5 Justoffshore from the makateais a narrowfringing reef. distancefrom the coast andwith leewardness(due south- These islands sharethis raisedlimestone formation with east was considered the extreme windwardposition in makatea in the TuamotuGroup (Wood & Hay 1970). this study);and, (b) soil qualitiesalso vary with distance The makateais an old fringingreef surfacethat has been from the coast. (All sites were located on coralline exposed through tectonic uplift (Wood & Hay 1970; limestone, but inland sites were located on pit and Stoddart1975a; Stoddart,Spencer & Scoffin 1985). pinnacle karst with volcanically derived soil in the fis- The dissectedcentral plateau of Atiu (19? 59' S, 158? sures, while on coastal terracesthe limestone was more 08' W) rises to an elevation of 72 m. The total land area eroded,and the soil containedmore sand.) Depth to and is 2693 ha (Anon. 1983). The makateahas a maximum salinity of the water table are probablycorrelated with elevation of about 30 m, is almost a km wide in some distance from the coast and elevation. Also, introduced places, and covers an area of about 1440 ha. The karst species tended to be located nearerto culturalfeatures surfacehas sinkholes, caves and pinnacles 1 m or more such as roads or tracks. We expected that the species high (Wood & Hay 1970). The cracksin the makateaare composition of
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ATIU SWIFTLET KOPEKA (Aerodramus Sawtelli): SPECIES STATUS REPORT 2020
    ATIU SWIFTLET KOPEKA (Aerodramus sawtelli): SPECIES STATUS REPORT 2020 Atiu Swiftlet James J. S. Johnson Author: Te Ipukarea Society Te Ipukarea Society, PO Box 649, Rarotonga Cook Islands Funded with the support of: The Ridge to Reef Project through the National Environment Service, funded by Global Environment Facility (GEF) and facilitated by United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Species status report – Kopeka, Atiu Swiftlet (Aerodramus sawtelli) Summary The Atiu swiftlet (Aerodramus sawtelli), known locally as the kopeka, is endemic to the island of Atiu within the Cook Islands and is listed under the IUCN Red List as ‘Vulnerable’ (BirdLife International, 2016; IUCN 2020). Under the Ridge to Reef project (R2R), the Atiu Swiftlet was listed as a key terrestrial species for conservation activities (UNDP Project document, undated). Projects relevant to the kopeka that were initially planned to be implemented under R2R included: support for the kopeka conservation effort; support collaborative work amongst key stakeholders such as National Environment Service (NES), National Heritage Trust (NHT), the Atiu Island Council and Traditional Leaders to create and implement a Species Conservation Plan for this species; and to measure the population at the end of the project to gauge the overall results of the species conservation plan. The R2R baseline figures for the kopeka were recorded at 420 individuals in 2015. Species target goals upon completion of the R2R project were for ‘no net decline in population numbers’. During the four-year R2R programme 2015-19, later extended to 2021, no updated population surveys were conducted. In 2016 -2017, estimated population numbers were around 600 adults (M.
    [Show full text]
  • 63 POPULASI DAN HABITAT KAMPIS (Hernandia Nymphaeifolia (C. Presl
    POPULASI DAN HABITAT KAMPIS (Hernandia nymphaeifolia (C. Presl.) Kubitzki) DI HUTAN LINDUNG UJUNG GENTENG (Population and Habitat of Kampis, Hernandia nymphaeifolia (C. Presl.) Kubitzki in Ujung Genteng Protection Forest)* Titi Kalima Pusat Litbang Konservasi dan Rehabilitasi Jl.Gunung Batu No.5 PO Box 165;Telp.0251-8633234;Fax 0251-8638111 Bogor e-mail : p3hka_pp@yahoo.co.id; titi_kalima@yahoo.co.id *Diterima : 27 Januari 2012; Disetujui : 25 Februari 2013 Abdullah; Fauzi; Hesti ABSTRACT The study was conducted in the Ujung Genteng Protected Forest, Sukabumi, West Java, in October and November 2011. The purpose of this study was to obtain data and information on population and habitat Hernandia nymphaeifolia (C. Presl.) Kubitzki species. The method used was line transect method of 1 km with a width of 10 m with a direction parallel to the shore line path. Sample plots of 20 m x 10 m were laid on continuously along the transect to assess the tree level. Sapling and seedling levels were assessed in sub- plot of 10 m x 10 m and 1 m x 1 m, respectively. The results showed that the population density of individual tree H. nymphaeifolia species that occured in the west of Ujung Genteng Protected Forest was more dense than that of in the east. In the west, densities of trees, poles and seedlings were 49, 46, and 10,200 individual/ha, respectively; whereas densities in the east were, 21, 16, and 2,653 individuals/ha. Considering ecological and potential economic value of H. nymphaeifolia, this species need to be protected through in- situ, ex-situ conservation, cultivation and venture on to a sustainable use.
    [Show full text]
  • HERNANDIACEAE 1. HERNANDIA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 981. 1753. 2
    HERNANDIACEAE 莲叶桐科 lian ye tong ke Li Xiwen (李锡文 Li Hsi-wen)1, Li Jie (李捷)2; Brigitta E. E. Duyfjes3 Trees, shrubs, or scandent lianas. Leaves simple or palmately compound, petiolate, circinate and scandent in part, estipulate. Flowers bisexual, unisexual, or polygamous, actinomorphic, in axillary or terminal corymbs or cymose panicles, with bracts or not. Outer tepals (sepals) 3–5. Inner tepals (petals) similar to outer ones. Stamens 3–5; filament bases with appendages on external sides or not; anthers 2-celled; cells valvate. Ovary inferior, 1-loculed, 1-ovuled; ovule pendulous. Drupe ± costate, broadly 2–4-winged or enclosed in an inflated cupule and wings absent. Seed 1, exalbuminous, coat leathery. About four genera and 60 species: tropical regions of E and W Africa, SE Asia, NE Australasia, and Central and South America; two genera and 16 species (seven endemic) in China. Li Ya-rü. 1982. Hernandiaceae. In: Li Hsi-wen, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 31: 463–480. 1a. Trees; leaves simple, peltate or not; fruit enclosed in an inflated cupule; flowers unisexual ........................................ 1. Hernandia 1b. Lianas; leaves trifoliolate; fruit broadly 2–4-winged; flowers bisexual .............................................................................. 2. Illigera 1. HERNANDIA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 981. 1753. 莲叶桐属 lian ye tong shu Biasolettia C. Presl. Trees, evergreen, monoecious. Leaves alternate, simple, petiolate, peltately attached or not, broadly ovate or subcircular, 3–7- veined. Flowers 3–5(or 6)-merous, unisexual, pedicellate, ternately involucrate at apices of branches of a lax panicle; central flower with a cupular involucel at base, lateral ones staminate; involucral bracts 4 or 5, subvalvate in bud.
    [Show full text]
  • Cook Islands of the Basicbasic Informationinformation Onon Thethe Marinemarine Resourcesresources Ofof Thethe Cookcook Islandsislands
    Basic Information on the Marine Resources of the Cook Islands Basic Information on the Marine Resources of the Cook Islands Produced by the Ministry of Marine Resources Government of the Cook Islands and the Information Section Marine Resources Division Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC) with financial assistance from France . Acknowledgements The Ministry of Marine Resources wishes to acknowledge the following people and organisations for their contribution to the production of this Basic Information on the Marine Resources of the Cook Islands handbook: Ms Maria Clippingdale, Australian Volunteer Abroad, for compiling the information; the Cook Islands Natural Heritage Project for allowing some of its data to be used; Dr Mike King for allowing some of his drawings and illustration to be used in this handbook; Aymeric Desurmont, Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC) Fisheries Information Specialist, for formatting and layout and for the overall co-ordination of efforts; Kim des Rochers, SPC English Editor for editing; Jipé Le-Bars, SPC Graphic Artist, for his drawings of fish and fishing methods; Ministry of Marine Resources staff Ian Bertram, Nooroa Roi, Ben Ponia, Kori Raumea, and Joshua Mitchell for reviewing sections of this document; and, most importantly, the Government of France for its financial support. iii iv Table of Contents Introduction .................................................... 1 Tavere or taverevere ku on canoes ................................. 19 Geography ............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Cook Islands Priority Environmental Problems (PEC) Report: a Review and Assessment of the Priority Environmental Concerns
    ISSN 1818-5614 Cook Islands priority environmental problems (PEC) report: a review and assessment of the priority environmental concerns By Island Friends Ltd. IWP-Pacific Technical Report (International Waters Project) no. 11 Global United Nations Pacific Regional Environment Development Environment Facility Programme Programme SPREP IRC Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Cook Islands priority environmental problems (PEC) report : a review and assessment of the priority environmental concerns. / [prepared by] Island Friends Ltd. – Apia, Samoa : SPREP, 2004. 106 p. ; 29 cm IWP-Pacific Technical Report (International Waters Project) no. 11 ISBN: 982-04-0274-3 ISSN: 1818-5614 1. Environmental impact analysis – Cook Islands. 2. Environmental monitoring – Cook Islands. 3. Ecological risk assessment – Cook Islands. 4. Environmental protection – Cook Islands. I. Implementation of the Strategic Action Programme of the Pacific Small Island Developing States. Project No. RAS/98/G32. III. International Waters Programme. IV. Cook Islands International Waters Programme. V. Secretariat for the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP). VI. Title. 333.714 This report was produced by SPREP’s International Waters Project that is implementing the Strategic Action Programme for the International Waters of the Pacific Small Island Developing States with funding from the Global Environment Facility. The views expressed in this report are not necessarily those of the publisher. Cover design by SPREP’s Publications Unit Editing: Ms. Talica Koroi Layout: Ms. Sasa’e Walter Printed by Marfleet Printing Co. Ltd. Apia, Samoa SPREP P O Box 240 Apia, Samoa Ph: (685) 21929 Fax: (685) 20231 Email: sprep@sprep.org.ws Website: www.sprep.org.ws/iwp © SPREP 2004 The South Pacific Regional Environment Programme authorizes the reproduction of this material, whole or in part, provided appropriate acknowledgement is given.
    [Show full text]
  • Atiu & Takutea
    ATIU & TAKUTEA NEARSHORE MARINE ASSESSMENT 2019 © Ministry of Marine Resources (MMR) All rights for commercial reproduction and/or translation are reserved. The Cook Islands MMR authorises partial reproduction or translation of this work for fair use, scientific, educational/outreach and research purposes, provided MMR and the source document are properly acknowledged. Full reproduction may be permitted with consent of MMR management approval. Photographs contained in this document may not be reproduced or altered without written consent of the original photographer and/or MMR. Original Text: English Design and Layout: Ministry of Marine Resources Front Cover: Atiu Cliff and Goats Photo: Kirby Morejohn/MMR Inside Rear Cover: Takutea Birds Photo: Lara Ainley/MMR Rear Cover: The Grotto Photo: Kirby Morejohn/MMR Avarua, Rarotonga, Cook Islands, 2019 ATIU & TAKUTEA NEARSHORE MARINE ASSESSMENT Prepared for the Atiu Island Council and Community James Kora, Dr. Lara Ainley and Kirby Morejohn Ministry of Marine Resources This book is an abbreviated form of the 2018, Atiu and Takutea Nearshore Invertebrate and Finfish Assessment i TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 1 Atiu ...................................................................................................................................................... 1 Takutea ...............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Hernandia Nymphaeifolia (C.Presl) Kubitzki Family: Hernandiaceae Kubitzki, K
    Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants - Online edition Hernandia nymphaeifolia (C.Presl) Kubitzki Family: Hernandiaceae Kubitzki, K. (1969) Botanische Jahrbucher 90 89: 272. Common name: Hernandia; Sea Hearse Stem White granular and brown fibrous stripes usually visible in the outer blaze. Bark pale brown. Leaves Petiole often pink where it joins the twig and also at its junction with the leaf blade. Leaf blades about 7-33 x 6-29 cm. Petioles about 5-17 cm long. Flowers Perianth outer surface puberulous. Tepals about 5 mm long. Anther valves opening like doors, i.e. on vertical hinges. Ovary in the female flower enclosed in a truncate involucre. Stigma irregularly Fruit. © Australian Plant Image shaped. Index (APII). Photographer: M. Fruit Fagg. Fruits enclosed in an inflated envelope about 3.5-4 cm long. Fruits +/- globular, about 25 x 20 mm, somewhat inflated and vertically ribbed, constricted below the apex, endocarp or testa quite hard and tough. Seedlings Usually 2-4 cataphylls produced before the first true leaves. First pair of true leaves ovate to cordate. At the tenth leaf stage: leaves peltate, apex acuminate, base rounded, upper surface glabrous, underside puberulous; petiole puberulous at least towards the apex, about as long as the leaf blade. Seed germination time 23 to 64 days. Distribution and Ecology Fruit, three views and longitudinal Occurs in NT, CYP and NEQ with an altitudinal range of a few metres above sea level. Grows on section. © W. T. Cooper beaches, rocky shorelines and in beach forest. Also occurs in East Africa, India, SE Asia, Malesia and the Pacific islands.
    [Show full text]
  • Cook Islands Stories of Inspiration from Women in Local Government
    Women’s Leadership Stories- Cook Islands Stories of inspiration from women in local government Commonwealth Local Government Forum Pacific CLGF Pacific wishes to thank all the people Disclaimer involved in the development of this publication, The information contained in this publication including: is provided in good faith by the CLGF Pacific Project. It has been obtained from current • the partners of the Akateretere Anga Tau and past women local government employees O Te Pa Enua Program, in particular the and council member and is understood Cook Islands National Council of Women, to be accurate and current at the date of the Cook Islands Gender and Development publication. It is not intended to be, and Division, the Pa Enua Local Governance Unit should not be relied upon as the ultimate and • the Pacific Women in Local Government complete source of information or advice for Network readers entering local government. • the women who so generously shared Copyright 2013 by the Commonwealth Local their stories Government Forum Pacific Requests and enquiries concerning this publication should be addressed to: Regional Director CLGF Pacific GPO Box 159 Suva, Fiji For general information about programs and activities for women in local government in the Pacific please visit:www.wilgpacific.org ‘ When I was 12 years old, I decided on my life goals: I wanted to put God at the centre of my life, I wanted to be rich and I wanted to be a leader.’ Tuki Wright, October 2012 Contents Introduction . 1 Women’s Pathways From the Pa Enua . 26 Foreword . 2 Mrs Tuki Wright 27 PUKAPUKA ISLAND Messages of solidarity .
    [Show full text]
  • Human Settlement of East Polynesia Earlier,Incremental, And
    Correction ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Correction for “Human settlement of East Polynesia earlier, incremental, and coincident with prolonged South Pacific drought,” byDavidA.Sear,MelindaS.Allen,JonathanD.Hassall,AshleyE. Maloney, Peter G. Langdon, Alex E. Morrison, Andrew C. G. Henderson, Helen Mackay, Ian W. Croudace, Charlotte Clarke, Julian P. Sachs, Georgiana Macdonald, Richard C. Chiverrell, Melanie J. Leng, L. M. Cisneros-Dozal, and Thierry Fonville, which was first published April 6, 2020; 10.1073/pnas.1920975117 (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 117, 8813–8819). The authors note that Emma Pearson should be added to the author list after Thierry Fonville. Emma Pearson should be credited with performing research and analyzing data. The corrected author line, affiliation line, and author contributions appear below. The author line, affiliations, and contributions sections have been corrected online. The authors note that the following statement should be added to the Acknowledgments: “E.P. acknowledges NERC grant BRIS/ 81/0415.” David A. Seara, Melinda S. Allenb, Jonathan D. Hassalla, Ashley E. Maloneyc, Peter G. Langdona, Alex E. Morrisond, Andrew C. G. Hendersone, Helen Mackaye, Ian W. Croudacef, Charlotte Clarkea, Julian P. Sachsc, Georgiana Macdonalda, Richard C. Chiverrellg, Melanie J. Lengh,i, L. M. Cisneros-Dozalj, Thierry Fonvillea, and Emma Pearsone aSchool of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Highfield SO17 1BJ Southampton, United Kingdom; bAnthropology, School of Social Sciences, University of Auckland,
    [Show full text]
  • Tuhinga Pdf for TPP:Layout 1
    Tuhinga 21: 99–123 Copyright © Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa (2010) Rediscovering the collection: Cook Islands material culture in the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa Grace Hutton*, Safua Akeli** and Sean Mallon*** * Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, PO Box 467, Wellington, New Zealand (graceh@tepapa.govt.nz) ** Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, PO Box 467, Wellington, New Zealand (safuaa@tepapa.govt.nz) *** Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, PO Box 467, Wellington, New Zealand (seanm@tepapa.govt.nz) ABSTRACT: Artefacts from the Cook Islands have been collected since the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa (Te Papa) opened in 1865 as the Colonial Museum. In this article we provide a historical overview of the Cook Islands collection at Te Papa. We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the collection, review some of the factors influencing its growth, and consider the possibilities for future collection development. This article is an output of a survey of the Cook Islands collection carried out between 2007 and 2009. KEYWORDS: Te Papa, Cook Islands collection, Pacific Cultures collection, Pacific Islanders, New Zealand, museums. Introduction to New Zealand in recent decades. What began in the It is only since 1993 that the Museum of New Zealand Te nineteenth century as a comparative collection of ethno - Papa Tongarewa (Te Papa) has managed its Pacific treasures graphic ‘specimens’ – objects collected during the scientific as a separate collection. For most of the institution’s history study of peoples and cultures – has broadened to include (as the Colonial Museum from 1865 to 1907, the Dominion contemporary works by known artists.
    [Show full text]
  • Renewable Energy Sector Project (Additional Financing)
    Initial Environment Examination Project Number: 49450-005 Document status: Final Draft Date: June 2017 Proposed Loan and Administration of Grant Cook Islands: Renewable Energy Sector Project (Additional Financing) Prepared by Ministry of Finance and Economic Management Government of Cook Islands Prepared for Asian Development Bank. TABLE OF CONTENTS Abbreviations Executive Summary I. INTRODUCTION 1 I.1 Project Background and Rationale 1 I.2 Report Purpose and Scope 2 II. POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK 5 II.1 National Policy and Legal Framework 5 II.1.1 Environmental Laws and Regulations 5 II.1.2 Environmental Assessment Process in Cook Islands 5 II.1.3 Cook Islands Environmental and Energy Policy 6 II.2 ADB Safeguard Requirements 6 II.3 Institutional Framework 7 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 8 III.1 Project Location 8 III.2 Project Scope 8 III.3 Project Construction, Operation and Decommissioning 17 III.4 Project Benefits and Justification 18 IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT: BASELINE CONDITIONS 20 IV.1 Physical Environment 20 IV.2 Biological Environment 22 IV.2.1 Overview of Island Ecology 22 IV.2.2 Subproject Island and Site Ecology 22 IV.2.3 Protected Areas 27 IV.3 Socio-Economic Environment 28 IV.3.1 Land Use and Ownership 29 V. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEAURES 30 V.1 Design and/or Pre-construction Impacts 30 V.2 Construction Stage Impacts 33 V.2.1 Physical Environment 33 V.2.2 Biological Environment 36 V.2.3 Socio-economic Environment 37 V.3 Impacts and Mitigation Measures from Operation 38 V.4 Impacts and Mitigation due to Decommissioning 41 V.5 Cumulative Impacts 41 VI.
    [Show full text]
  • New Records and Notes on the Plant Diversity of Singapore
    Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 71 (2): 401–406. 2019 401 doi: 10.26492/gbs71(2).2019-07 Flora of Singapore precursors, 16: New records and notes on the plant diversity of Singapore L.M.J. Chen1, B.E.E. Duyfjes2, Ali Ibrahim1 & W.J.J.O. de Wilde2 1Singapore Botanic Gardens, National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Road, 259569 Singapore 2 Naturalis Biodiversity Center, section Botany, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands b.dewilde-duyfjes@naturalis.nl ABSTRACT. Due to ongoing work for the Flora of Singapore, a new family record for Singapore, the Stemonaceae, with one species, Stemona curtisii Hook.f., is recorded. In addition, Ammannia crassicaulis Guill. & Perr. in the Lythraceae is newly recorded as naturalising in Singapore. Notes on two rare species, Hernandia nymphaeifolia (C.Presl) Kubitzki in the Hernandiaceae and Securidaca philippinensis Chodat in the Polygalaceae, currently being revised for the Flora of Singapore are presented. Keywords. Aquarium plant, aquatic plant, freshwater swamp forest, naturalised species New Records of Stemonaceae and Lythraceae 1. Stemona curtisii Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 298 (1892). – TYPE: Peninsular Malaysia, Penang, Curtis 1522 (lectotype K [K000292133], designated here). Perennial twiner with fasciculate tubers, plant 1–2 m high, glabrous, somewhat branched. Leaves alternate, seldom opposite; petiole 4–12 cm long; lamina sometimes slightly rough, (narrowly) ovate, 6–21 × 2.5–12.5 cm, base (shallowly or) broadly cordate, apex acuminate, 11–17(–19)-palmately-veined. Inflorescences 1–many- flowered; peduncle 1–10(–18) cm long; bracts 6–20 mm long; pedicel 10–20 mm long. Flowers tepals narrowly triangular, 17–30 × 5(–7) mm; stamens 18–25 mm long, filaments c.
    [Show full text]