Palytoxin from Palythoa tuberculosa

Product Number P 5183 Storage Temperature 2-8 °C

Product Description Precautions and Disclaimer Molecular Formula: C129H223N3O54 For Laboratory Use Only. Not for drug, household or Molecular Weight: 2,680 other uses. CAS Number: 77734-91-9 1 Specific Rotation: +26° (25 °C, H2O) Preparation Instructions Synonym: PTX This product is soluble in water, acidic aqueous solutions, and aqueous alcohol solutions. Stock Palytoxin is a natural product derived from the solutions of this product (0.1 mM in water) have been zoanthid coral Palythoa toxica that is the most toxic prepared and stored frozen.4 non-proteinaceous chemical known to occur in nature.1 This ionophore compound acts as a References hemolysin and alters the functioning of excitable cells. 1. The Merck Index, 12th ed., Entry# 7132. Palytoxin induces activity of a small conductance 2. Frelin, C., and Van Renterghem, C., Palytoxin. cationic channel that then produces secondary Recent electrophysiological and pharmacological activations of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels and of evidence for several mechanisms of action. Gen. Na+/Ca2+ exchange. This results in neurotransmitter Pharmacol., 26(1), 33-37 (1995). release by nerve terminals and contractions of striated 3. Tosteson, M. T., et al., Effects of palytoxin on and smooth muscle cells. In addition, palytoxin opens cation occlusion and phosphorylation of the a membrane conductive pathway for H+ that drives H+ (Na+,K+)-ATPase. J. Membr. Biol., 192(3), 181- inside the cells and activates Na+/H+ exchange 189 (2003). activity.2 4. Artigas, P., and Gadsby, D. C., Na+,K+-pump ligands modulate gating of palytoxin-induced ion Palytoxin has been utilized to investigate the induction channels. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 100(2), of Na+ and K+ flux by the (Na+, K+)-driven pump 501-505 (2003). protein, and to probe the modulation of the gating of 5. Monroe, J. J., and Tashjian, A. H., Jr., Actions of + + 3,4 + + Na and K pumps. Palytoxin has been used in a palytoxin on Na and Ca2 homeostasis in human study of Na+ and Ca2+ homeostasis in human osteoblast-like Saos-2 cells. Am. J. Physiol., osteoblast-like Saos-2 cells.5 In cultured Rat-1 cells, 269(3 Pt 1), C582-589 (1995). palytoxin has been shown to activate the stress- 6. Iordanov, M. S., and Magun, B. E., Loss of cellular + activated protein kinase/c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase K mimics ribotoxic stress. Inhibition of protein 1 (SAPK/JNK1) and to potentiate the p38/HOG1 synthesis and activation of the stress kinases mitogen-activated protein kinase and the upstream SEK1/MKK4, stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun 6 activator of SAPK/JNK1, SEK1/MKK4. NH2-terminal kinase 1, and p38/HOG1 by palytoxin. J. Biol. Chem., 273(6), 3528-3534 (1998).

GCY/RXR 11/03

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