The Translation Equivalents Database (Treq) As a Lexicographer’S Aid
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Machine-Translation Inspired Reordering As Preprocessing for Cross-Lingual Sentiment Analysis
Master in Cognitive Science and Language Master’s Thesis September 2018 Machine-translation inspired reordering as preprocessing for cross-lingual sentiment analysis Alejandro Ramírez Atrio Supervisor: Toni Badia Abstract In this thesis we study the effect of word reordering as preprocessing for Cross-Lingual Sentiment Analysis. We try different reorderings in two target languages (Spanish and Catalan) so that their word order more closely resembles the one from our source language (English). Our original expectation was that a Long Short Term Memory classifier trained on English data with bilingual word embeddings would internalize English word order, resulting in poor performance when tested on a target language with different word order. We hypothesized that the more the word order of any of our target languages resembles the one of our source language, the better the overall performance of our sentiment classifier would be when analyzing the target language. We tested five sets of transformation rules for our Part of Speech reorderings of Spanish and Catalan, extracted mainly from two sources: two papers by Crego and Mariño (2006a and 2006b) and our own empirical analysis of two corpora: CoStEP and Tatoeba. The results suggest that the bilingual word embeddings that we are training our Long Short Term Memory model with do not improve any English word order learning by part of the model when used cross-lingually. There is no improvement when reordering the Spanish and Catalan texts so that their word order more closely resembles English, and no significant drop in result score even when applying a random reordering to them making them almost unintelligible, neither when classifying between 2 options (positive-negative) nor between 4 (strongly positive, positive, negative, strongly negative). -
Arabic Corpus and Word Sketches
Journal of King Saud University – Computer and Information Sciences (2014) 26, 357–371 King Saud University Journal of King Saud University – Computer and Information Sciences www.ksu.edu.sa www.sciencedirect.com arTenTen: Arabic Corpus and Word Sketches Tressy Arts a, Yonatan Belinkov b, Nizar Habash c,*, Adam Kilgarriff d, Vit Suchomel e,d a Chief Editor Oxford Arabic Dictionary, UK b MIT, USA c New York University Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates d Lexical Computing Ltd, UK e Masaryk Univ., Czech Republic Available online 7 October 2014 KEYWORDS Abstract We present arTenTen, a web-crawled corpus of Arabic, gathered in 2012. arTenTen con- Corpora; sists of 5.8-billion words. A chunk of it has been lemmatized and part-of-speech (POS) tagged with Lexicography; the MADA tool and subsequently loaded into Sketch Engine, a leading corpus query tool, where it Morphology; is open for all to use. We have also created ‘word sketches’: one-page, automatic, corpus-derived Concordance; summaries of a word’s grammatical and collocational behavior. We use examples to demonstrate Arabic what the corpus can show us regarding Arabic words and phrases and how this can support lexi- cography and inform linguistic research. The article also presents the ‘sketch grammar’ (the basis for the word sketches) in detail, describes the process of building and processing the corpus, and considers the role of the corpus in additional research on Arabic. Ó 2014 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. 1. Introduction ber of the TenTen Corpus Family (Jakubı´cˇek et al., 2013). -
Collection of Usage Information for Language Resources from Academic Articles
Collection of Usage Information for Language Resources from Academic Articles Shunsuke Kozaway, Hitomi Tohyamayy, Kiyotaka Uchimotoyyy, Shigeki Matsubaray yGraduate School of Information Science, Nagoya University yyInformation Technology Center, Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan yyyNational Institute of Information and Communications Technology 4-2-1 Nukui-Kitamachi, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8795, Japan fkozawa,[email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract Recently, language resources (LRs) are becoming indispensable for linguistic researches. However, existing LRs are often not fully utilized because their variety of usage is not well known, indicating that their intrinsic value is not recognized very well either. Regarding this issue, lists of usage information might improve LR searches and lead to their efficient use. In this research, therefore, we collect a list of usage information for each LR from academic articles to promote the efficient utilization of LRs. This paper proposes to construct a text corpus annotated with usage information (UI corpus). In particular, we automatically extract sentences containing LR names from academic articles. Then, the extracted sentences are annotated with usage information by two annotators in a cascaded manner. We show that the UI corpus contributes to efficient LR searches by combining the UI corpus with a metadata database of LRs and comparing the number of LRs retrieved with and without the UI corpus. 1. Introduction Thesaurus1. In recent years, such language resources (LRs) as corpora • He also employed Roget’s Thesaurus in 100 words of and dictionaries are being widely used for research in the window to implement WSD. -
Student Research Workshop Associated with RANLP 2011, Pages 1–8, Hissar, Bulgaria, 13 September 2011
RANLPStud 2011 Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop associated with The 8th International Conference on Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing (RANLP 2011) 13 September, 2011 Hissar, Bulgaria STUDENT RESEARCH WORKSHOP ASSOCIATED WITH THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE RECENT ADVANCES IN NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING’2011 PROCEEDINGS Hissar, Bulgaria 13 September 2011 ISBN 978-954-452-016-8 Designed and Printed by INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA ii Preface The Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing (RANLP) conference, already in its eight year and ranked among the most influential NLP conferences, has always been a meeting venue for scientists coming from all over the world. Since 2009, we decided to give arena to the younger and less experienced members of the NLP community to share their results with an international audience. For this reason, further to the first successful and highly competitive Student Research Workshop associated with the conference RANLP 2009, we are pleased to announce the second edition of the workshop which is held during the main RANLP 2011 conference days on 13 September 2011. The aim of the workshop is to provide an excellent opportunity for students at all levels (Bachelor, Master, and Ph.D.) to present their work in progress or completed projects to an international research audience and receive feedback from senior researchers. We have received 31 high quality submissions, among which 6 papers have been accepted as regular oral papers, and 18 as posters. Each submission has been reviewed by -
Jazykovedný Ústav Ľudovíta Štúra
JAZYKOVEDNÝ ÚSTAV ĽUDOVÍTA ŠTÚRA SLOVENSKEJ AKADÉMIE VIED 2 ROČNÍK 70, 2019 JAZYKOVEDNÝ ČASOPIS ________________________________________________________________VEDEcKÝ ČASOPIS PRE OTáZKY TEóRIE JAZYKA JOURNAL Of LINGUISTIcS ScIENTIfIc JOURNAL fOR ThE Theory Of LANGUAGE ________________________________________________________________ hlavná redaktorka/Editor-in-chief: doc. Mgr. Gabriela Múcsková, PhD. Výkonní redaktori/Managing Editors: PhDr. Ingrid Hrubaničová, PhD., Mgr. Miroslav Zumrík, PhD. Redakčná rada/Editorial Board: PhDr. Klára Buzássyová, CSc. (Bratislava), prof. PhDr. Juraj Dolník, DrSc. (Bratislava), PhDr. Ingrid Hrubaničová, PhD. (Bra tislava), doc. Mgr. Martina Ivanová, PhD. (Prešov), Mgr. Nicol Janočková, PhD. (Bratislava), Mgr. Alexandra Jarošová, CSc. (Bratislava), prof. PaedDr. Jana Kesselová, CSc. (Prešov), PhDr. Ľubor Králik, CSc. (Bratislava), PhDr. Viktor Krupa, DrSc. (Bratislava), doc. Mgr. Gabriela Múcsková, PhD. (Bratislava), Univ. Prof. Mag. Dr. Stefan Michael Newerkla (Viedeň – Ra- kúsko), Associate Prof. Mark Richard Lauersdorf, Ph.D. (Kentucky – USA), prof. Mgr. Martin Ološtiak, PhD. (Prešov), prof. PhDr. Slavomír Ondrejovič, DrSc. (Bratislava), prof. PaedDr. Vladimír Patráš, CSc. (Banská Bystrica), prof. PhDr. Ján Sabol, DrSc. (Košice), prof. PhDr. Juraj Vaňko, CSc. (Nitra), Mgr. Miroslav Zumrík, PhD. (Bratislava), prof. PhDr. Pavol Žigo, CSc. (Bratislava). Technický_______________________________________________________________ redaktor/Technical editor: Mgr. Vladimír Radik Vydáva/Published by: Jazykovedný -
Conference Abstracts
EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LANGUAGE RESOURCES AND EVALUATION Held under the Patronage of Ms Neelie Kroes, Vice-President of the European Commission, Digital Agenda Commissioner MAY 23-24-25, 2012 ISTANBUL LÜTFI KIRDAR CONVENTION & EXHIBITION CENTRE ISTANBUL, TURKEY CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS Editors: Nicoletta Calzolari (Conference Chair), Khalid Choukri, Thierry Declerck, Mehmet Uğur Doğan, Bente Maegaard, Joseph Mariani, Asuncion Moreno, Jan Odijk, Stelios Piperidis. Assistant Editors: Hélène Mazo, Sara Goggi, Olivier Hamon © ELRA – European Language Resources Association. All rights reserved. LREC 2012, EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LANGUAGE RESOURCES AND EVALUATION Title: LREC 2012 Conference Abstracts Distributed by: ELRA – European Language Resources Association 55-57, rue Brillat Savarin 75013 Paris France Tel.: +33 1 43 13 33 33 Fax: +33 1 43 13 33 30 www.elra.info and www.elda.org Email: [email protected] and [email protected] Copyright by the European Language Resources Association ISBN 978-2-9517408-7-7 EAN 9782951740877 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission of the European Language Resources Association ii Introduction of the Conference Chair Nicoletta Calzolari I wish first to express to Ms Neelie Kroes, Vice-President of the European Commission, Digital agenda Commissioner, the gratitude of the Program Committee and of all LREC participants for her Distinguished Patronage of LREC 2012. Even if every time I feel we have reached the top, this 8th LREC is continuing the tradition of breaking previous records: this edition we received 1013 submissions and have accepted 697 papers, after reviewing by the impressive number of 715 colleagues. -
ALW2), Pages 1–10 Brussels, Belgium, October 31, 2018
EMNLP 2018 Second Workshop on Abusive Language Online Proceedings of the Workshop, co-located with EMNLP 2018 October 31, 2018 Brussels, Belgium Sponsors Primary Sponsor Platinum Sponsors Gold Sponsors Silver Sponsors Bronze Sponsors ii c 2018 The Association for Computational Linguistics Order copies of this and other ACL proceedings from: Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL) 209 N. Eighth Street Stroudsburg, PA 18360 USA Tel: +1-570-476-8006 Fax: +1-570-476-0860 [email protected] ISBN 978-1-948087-68-1 iii Introduction Interaction amongst users on social networking platforms can enable constructive and insightful conversations and civic participation; however, on many sites that encourage user interaction, verbal abuse has become commonplace. Abusive behavior such as cyberbullying, hate speech, and scapegoating can poison the social climates within online communities. The last few years have seen a surge in such abusive online behavior, leaving governments, social media platforms, and individuals struggling to deal with the consequences. As a field that works directly with computational analysis of language, the NLP community is uniquely positioned to address the difficult problem of abusive language online; encouraging collaborative and innovate work in this area is the goal of this workshop. The first year of the workshop saw 14 papers presented in a day-long program including interdisciplinary panels and active discussion. In this second edition, we have aimed to build on the success of the first year, maintaining a focus on computationally detecting abusive language and encouraging interdisciplinary work. Reflecting the growing research focus on this topic, the number of submissions received more than doubled from 22 in last year’s edition of the workshop to 48 this year. -
Using Morphemes from Agglutinative Languages Like Quechua and Finnish to Aid in Low-Resource Translation
Using Morphemes from Agglutinative Languages like Quechua and Finnish to Aid in Low-Resource Translation John E. Ortega [email protected] Dept. de Llenguatges i Sistemes Informatics, Universitat d’Alacant, E-03071, Alacant, Spain Krishnan Pillaipakkamnatt [email protected] Department of Computer Science, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA Abstract Quechua is a low-resource language spoken by nearly 9 million persons in South America (Hintz and Hintz, 2017). Yet, in recent times there are few published accounts of successful adaptations of machine translation systems for low-resource languages like Quechua. In some cases, machine translations from Quechua to Spanish are inadequate due to error in alignment. We attempt to improve previous alignment techniques by aligning two languages that are simi- lar due to agglutination: Quechua and Finnish. Our novel technique allows us to add rules that improve alignment for the prediction algorithm used in common machine translation systems. 1 Introduction The NP-complete problem of translating natural languages as they are spoken by humans to machine readable text is a complex problem; yet, is partially solvable due to the accuracy of machine language translations when compared to human translations (Kleinberg and Tardos, 2005). Statistical machine translation (SMT) systems such as Moses 1, require that an algo- rithm be combined with enough parallel corpora, text from distinct languages that can be com- pared sentence by sentence, to build phrase translation tables from language models. For many European languages, the translation task of bringing words together in a sequential sentence- by-sentence format for modeling, known as word alignment, is not hard due to the abundance of parallel corpora in large data sets such as Europarl 2. -
A Massively Parallel Corpus: the Bible in 100 Languages
Lang Resources & Evaluation DOI 10.1007/s10579-014-9287-y ORIGINAL PAPER A massively parallel corpus: the Bible in 100 languages Christos Christodouloupoulos • Mark Steedman Ó The Author(s) 2014. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract We describe the creation of a massively parallel corpus based on 100 translations of the Bible. We discuss some of the difficulties in acquiring and processing the raw material as well as the potential of the Bible as a corpus for natural language processing. Finally we present a statistical analysis of the corpora collected and a detailed comparison between the English translation and other English corpora. Keywords Parallel corpus Á Multilingual corpus Á Comparative corpus linguistics 1 Introduction Parallel corpora are a valuable resource for linguistic research and natural language processing (NLP) applications. One of the main uses of the latter kind is as training material for statistical machine translation (SMT), where large amounts of aligned data are standardly used to learn word alignment models between the lexica of two languages (for example, in the Giza?? system of Och and Ney 2003). Another interesting use of parallel corpora in NLP is projected learning of linguistic structure. In this approach, supervised data from a resource-rich language is used to guide the unsupervised learning algorithm in a target language. Although there are some techniques that do not require parallel texts (e.g. Cohen et al. 2011), the most successful models use sentence-aligned corpora (Yarowsky and Ngai 2001; Das and Petrov 2011). C. Christodouloupoulos (&) Department of Computer Science, UIUC, 201 N. -
Korpusleksikograafia Uued Võimalused Eesti Keele Kollokatsioonisõnastiku Näitel
doi:10.5128/ERYa11.05 korpuSLekSikograafia uued võimaLuSed eeSti keeLe koLLokatSiooniSõnaStiku näiteL Jelena Kallas, Kristina Koppel, Maria Tuulik Ülevaade. Artiklis tutvustame korpusleksikograafia üldisi arengu- tendentse ja uusi meetodeid. Käsitleme korpuse kui leksikograafilise 11, 75–94 EESTI RAKENDUSLINGVISTIKA ÜHINGU AASTARAAMAT info allika potentsiaali ning analüüsime, kuidas saab leksikograafilisi andmebaase pool- ja täisautomaatselt genereerida. Vaatleme, mil määral on uusi tehnoloogilisi lahendusi võimalik rakendada Eesti õppe- leksikograafias, täpsemalt eesti keele kollokatsioonisõnastiku (KOLS) koostamisel. KOLS on esimene eestikeelne sõnastik, kus rakendatakse andmebaasi automaatset genereerimist nii märksõnastiku kui ka sõnaartikli sisu (kollokatiivse info ja näitelausete) tasandil. Tutvustame sõnastiku koostamise üldisi põhimõtteid ja esitame näidisartikli.* Võtmesõnad: korpusleksikograafia, kollokatsioonisõnastik, korpus- päringusüsteem, sõnastikusüsteem, eesti keel 1. Sõnastike korpuspõhine koostamine internetiajastul: vahendid ja meetodid Korpusleksikograafia eesmärk on luua meetodid, mis võimaldaksid leksikograafilisi üksusi automaatselt tuvastada ja valida. Korpusanalüüsi tulemusi rakendatakse tänapäeval märksõnastiku loomisel, tähendusjaotuste uurimisel, leksikaalsete üksuste erinevate omaduste tuvastamisel (süntaktiline käitumine, kollokatsioonid, semantiline prosoodia eri tüüpi tekstides, leksikaal-semantilised suhted), näitelau- sete valikul ja tõlkevastete leidmisel (Kilgarriff 2013: 77). Korpuspõhine koostamine -
A Corpus-Based Study of Unaccusative Verbs and Auxiliary Selection
To be or not to be: A corpus-based study of unaccusative verbs and auxiliary selection Master's Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Brandeis University Department of Computer Science James Pustejovsky, Advisor In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Master's Degree By Richard A. Brutti Jr. May 2012 c Copyright by Richard A. Brutti Jr. 2012 All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT To be or not to be: A corpus-based study of unaccusative verbs and auxiliary selection A thesis presented to the Department of Computer Science Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Brandeis University Waltham, Massachusetts Richard A. Brutti Jr. Since the introduction of the Unaccusative Hypothesis (Perlmutter, 1978), there have been many further attempts to explain the mechanisms behind the division in intransitive verbs. This paper aims to analyze and test some of theories of unac- cusativity using computational linguistic tools. Specifically, I focus on verbs that exhibit split intransitivity, that is, verbs that can appear in both unaccusative and unergative constructions, and in determining the distinguishing features that make this alternation possible. Many formal linguistic theories of unaccusativity involve the interplay of semantic roles and temporal event markers, both of which can be analyzed using statistical computational linguistic tools, including semantic role labelers, semantic parses, and automatic event classification. I use auxiliary verb selection as a surface-level indicator of unaccusativity in Italian and Dutch, and iii test various classes of verbs extracted from the Europarl corpus (Koehn, 2005). Additionally, I provide some historical background for the evolution of this dis- tinction, and analyze how my results fit into the larger theoretical framework. -
ESP Corpus Construction: a Plea for a Needs-Driven Approach Bâtir Des Corpus En Anglais De Spécialité : Plaidoyer Pour Une Approche Fondée Sur L’Analyse Des Besoins
ASp la revue du GERAS 68 | 2015 Varia ESP corpus construction: a plea for a needs-driven approach Bâtir des corpus en anglais de spécialité : plaidoyer pour une approche fondée sur l’analyse des besoins Hilary Nesi Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/asp/4682 DOI: 10.4000/asp.4682 ISSN: 2108-6354 Publisher Groupe d'étude et de recherche en anglais de spécialité Printed version Date of publication: 23 October 2015 Number of pages: 7-24 ISSN: 1246-8185 Electronic reference Hilary Nesi, « ESP corpus construction: a plea for a needs-driven approach », ASp [Online], 68 | 2015, Online since 01 November 2016, connection on 02 November 2020. URL : http:// journals.openedition.org/asp/4682 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/asp.4682 This text was automatically generated on 2 November 2020. Tous droits réservés ESP corpus construction: a plea for a needs-driven approach 1 ESP corpus construction: a plea for a needs-driven approach Bâtir des corpus en anglais de spécialité : plaidoyer pour une approche fondée sur l’analyse des besoins Hilary Nesi 1. Introduction 1 A huge amount of corpus data is now available for English language teachers and learners, making it difficult for them to decide which kind of corpus is most suited to their needs. The corpora that they probably know best are the large, publicly accessible general corpora which inform general reference works and textbooks; the ones that aim to cover the English language as a whole and to represent many different categories of text. The 100 million word British National Corpus (BNC), created in the 1990s, is a famous example of this type and has been used extensively for language learning purposes, but at 100 million words it is too small to contain large numbers of texts within each of its subcomponents, and it is now too old to represent modern usage in the more fast-moving fields.