District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi District, Odisha

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

DISTRICT IRRIGATION PLAN OF KALAHANDI DISTRICT, ODISHA

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

Prepared by: District Level Implementation Committee (DLIC), Kalahandi, Odisha

Technical Support by: ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation (IISWC), Research Centre, Sunabeda, Post Box-12, Koraput, Odisha Phone: 06853-220125; Fax: 06853-220124 E-mail: [email protected]

For more information please contact:

Collector & District Magistrate Bhawanipatna :766001 District : Kalahandi Phone : 06670-230201 Fax : 06670-230303 Email : [email protected]

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha FOREWORD Kalahandi district is the seventh largest district in the state and has spread about 7920 sq. kms area. The district is comes under the KBK region which is considered as the underdeveloped region of India. The SC/ST population of the district is around 46.31% of the total district population. More than 90% of the inhabitants are rural based and depends on agriculture for their livelihood. But the literacy rate of the Kalahandi districts is about 59.62% which is quite higher than the neighboring districts. The district receives good amount of rainfall which ranges from 1111 to 2712 mm. The Net Sown Area (NSA) of the districts is 31.72% to the total geographical area(TGA) of the district and area under irrigation is 66.21 % of the NSA. Though the larger area of the district is under irrigation, un-equal development of irrigation facility led to inequality between the blocks interns overall development. The district has good forest cover of about 49.22% of the TGA of the district. Tribal communities in and around the forest areas still they practice shifting cultivation showing that still there is pressure on the forest resources. Most of the shifting cultivated lands of the district were degraded due to the continuous practice of shifting cultivation. Presently 33.39% is under rainfed cultivation and need to be brought under irrigation in order to enhance the standard of living. With the present water resource and by the proper water management, there is ample of scope to improve the area under irrigation in the district. I hope that the strategic plans proposed in this District Irrigation Plan (DIP) under PMKSY play a vital role in holistic development of agriculture through irrigation development in the district. Apart from PMKSY components, many irrigation schemes of state Govt., are also included in this report besides convergence of many other programmes in the district. At the outset, I acknowledge the effort of participating departments in preparing this holistic plan. I also thank the Scientific Team from ICAR-IISWC, Research Centre, Sunabeda, Koraput, Odisha for their valuable technical advisory services in preparing and bringing out this DIP. I hope this strategic plan provides road map for the development of irrigation in the District.

(District Collector) Kalahandi

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District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Particulars Page No. A. An Over View of District Irrigation Plan under PMKSY………………………..……….…… 1-5 A.1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………….…….. 1 A.1.1 Background………………………………………………………………………………..…….. 1 A.1.2. Vision……………………………………………………………………………………………..… 1 A.1.3 Objective………………………………………………………………………………….…..….. 1 A.1.4 Strategy / approach……………………………………………………………………….... 2-4 A.1.5 Rationale / justification statement…………………………………………….……. 4 A.1.6 Presentation structure of the district irrigation plan…………………………. 5 1.0 General Information of the District………………………………………………………………….. 6-24 1.1 District Profile……………………………………………………………………………………….… 6-11 1.1.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………….…. 6-9 1.1.2 History………….……………………………………………………………………….………. 9 1.1.3 Rainfall and climate..……………………………………………………………………… 9-10 1.1.4 Ground water resources………………………………………………………….…….. 10 1.1.5 Soil types………………….…………………………………………………………….……… 11 1.1.6 Agriculture……………….…………………………………………………………….……… 11 1.2 Demography……………………………………………………………………………………..……. 11-13 1.3 Biomass and Livestock……………………………………………………………………..……… 14-16 1.4 Agro-ecology, Climate, Hydrology and Topography …………………………..…… 16-18 1.5 Soil Profile………………………………………………………………………………………….…… 19-21 1.6 Soil Erosion and Runoff Status………………………………………………………….…….. 21-22 1.7 Land Use-Pattern……………………………………………………………………………………. 22-24 2.0 District Water Profile……………………………………………………………………………...... 25-42 2.1 Crops and Block Wise Irrigated and Rainfed Area………………………….………… 25-36 2.2 Production and Productivity of Major Crops………………………………..…….…… 37-39

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

2.3 Irrigation Based Classification ………………………………………….…………………….. 40-42 3.0 Water Availability……………………………………………………………………………...... 43-51 3.1: Status of Water Availability……………………….…………………………………………… 43-45 3.2 Status of Ground Water Availability…………………..……………………………………. 46-47 3.3 Status of Command Area……………………………….……………………………………….. 48-49 3.4 Existing Type of Irrigation Source.……………………….………………………………… 50-51 4.0 Water Requirements/Demand…………………………………………...... 52-65 4.1 Domestic Water Demand….…………….…………………….……………………………… 52-54 4.2 Crop Water Requirement……………..……………………….………………………………. 55-58 4.3 Livestock Water Demand…..………………………………………………………………….. 59-60 4.4 Industrial Water Demand…………………...………………………...... 60-61 4.5 Water Demand for Power Generation………...……………………...... 61 4.6 Total Water Demand of the District for Various Sectors………...………………. 61-62 4.7 Water Budget………...……………………...……………………………………………………... 62-65 5.0 Strategic Action Plan for Irrigation in Kalahandi District ………...... ….. 66-134 5.1 Prioritization of Blocks for Strategic Action Plan….……………….…………………… 66-67 5.2 About Participating Departments……………..……………………….………………………. 67 5.3 Irrigation Projects…..……………………………………………………………..…...... 68 5.4 State Irrigation Plan/Schemes…………………...………………………...... 70 5.5 Strategic Action Plan………...……………………...... …...... 71-132 5.5.1 Short Term Strategic Action Plan under PMKSY ..…...... …...... 71-131 5.5.1.1 Component Wise Consolidated Short Term Strategic Action Plan …...... 114-124 5.5.1.2 Block Wise and Components Wise Total Estimated Cost under Short ….. 125-126 Term Strategic Action Plan ...... 5.5.1.3 Block wise and component wise irrigation potential to be developed… 127-133

5.5.2 Long Term Strategic Action Plan ...... 134 Annexure -1.1 River basin and micro watershed map of Kalahandi district…………… 135-136 Annexure-1.2 Gram panchayat and village wise demographic features for all the 137-181 Annexure 1.3 Blockblocks wise of KalahandiSlope map d ofistrict…………………………………………………… Kalahandi District………………………………………………… 182-189 Annexure 1.4 Block wise Soil resource map of Kalahandi district………………………….. 190-197 Annexure 1.5 Block wise Land use map of Kalahandi district…………………………………... 198-205

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

Annexure 5.1 Details about participating departments in the district…………………..… 206 Annexure 5.2 DLIC for Kalahandi district of DIP……………………………………………………… 207 Annexure 5.3 Proceeding of the DLIC meeting for approval of DIP 208

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha LIST OF TABLES

Table Title Page no

1.1.1 Block wise latitude and longitude of Kalahandi district………………………....… 7

1.1.2 Kalahandi district profile at a glance………………………………………………………..… 8

1.2 Demography profile of Kalahandi district……………………………………………….… 12 1.3.1 Biomass and livestock ………………………………………………………………………………. 15 1.3.2 Block wise percent livestock population……………………………………………………… 16 1.4.1 Block wise agro-ecology, climate, hydrology and topography features of Kalahandi district……………………………………………………………………………….……… 18 1.5.1 Block wise soil type and slope wise area of Kalahandi district……………….…. 20 1.6.1 Potential soil erosion rate in the Kalahandi district………………………………….… 22 1.7.1 Land use pattern of Kalahandi district…………………………………………………….… 23 2.1 Crop and block wise irrigated and rainfed area in Kalahandi district………….… 27 2.1.1 Season and crop wise area under rainfed and irrigated in Bhawanipatna block of Kalahandi District………………………………………………………………..……… 28 2.1.2 Season and crop wise area under rainfed and irrigated in Dharmagarh block of Kalahandi District…………………………………………………………………………..……… 28 2.1.3 Season and crop wise area under rainfed and irrigated in Golamunda block of Kalahandi District……………..…………………………………………………………………… 29 2.1.4 Season and crop wise area under rainfed and irrigated in Jaipatna block of Kalahandi District……………………………………………………………………………………... 29 2.1.5 Season and crop wise area under rainfed and irrigated in Junagarh block of Kalahandi District……………………………………………………………………………………… 30 2.1.6 Season and crop wise area under rainfed and irrigated in Kalampur block of Kalahandi District……………………………………………………………………………………… 30 2.1.7 Season and crop wise area under rainfed and irrigated in Karlamunda block of Kalahandi District………………………………………………………………………………… 31 2.1.8 Season and crop wise area under rainfed and irrigated in Kesinga block of 31

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District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

Kalahandi District………………………………………………………………………………………

2.1.9 Season and crop wise area under rainfed and irrigated in Kokasara block of Kalahandi District………………………………………………………………………………………. 32 2.1.10 Season and crop wise area under rainfed and irrigated in Lanjigarh block of Kalahandi District………………………………………………………………………………………. 32 2.1.11 Season and crop wise area under rainfed and irrigated in M. Rampur block of Kalahandi District………………………………………………………………………………..… 33 2.1.12 Season and crop wise area under rainfed and irrigated in Narala block of Kalahandi District……………………………………………………………………………………… 33 2.1.13 Season and crop wise area under rainfed and irrigated in T. Rampur block of Kalahandi District………………………………………………………………………………..… 34 2.2 Production and productivity of major crops under irrigated and rainfed condition in Kalahandi district..………………………………………………………………….. 38 2.3 Irrigation based classification – block wise TCA, NIA and Rainfed area in Kalahandi district …………………………………………………………………………………...... 41 3.1a Irrigation potential created under different sources in Kalahandi district.. 43 3.1b Irrigation potential created in the Kalahandi district up to March 2015…… 44 3.2 Block wise status of ground water availability in Kalahandi district…………… 46 3.3 Status of command area in Kalahandi district, in Odisha…………………………… 48 3.4 Block wise existing type of irrigation in the Kalahandi district………………….. 50 4.1 Domestic water demand of Kalahandi district…………………………………………… 53 4.2 Crop water requirement……………………………………………………………………………… 56 4.3 Livestock water demand of Kalahandi district…………………………………………… 59 4.4 Industrial water demand of Kalahandi district………………………………………….. 60 4.6 Total water demand of the district for various sector………………………………… 61 4.7 Block wise water budget of Kalahandi district……………………………………………… 62 5.3.1 List of new irrigarion projects in Kalahandi district to be taken up under IBAP………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 68 5.3.2 New Medium irrigation projects in Kalahandi districts to be completed 68

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District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

during 2016 -17 to 2020-21 5.3.3 On going mega lift irrigation projects in Kalahandi district……………………….. 69 5.5.1a-c Strategic action plan for irrigation under PMKSY – Golamunda block……….. 75-77 5.5.2a-c Strategic action plan for irrigation under PMKSY – Dhamagarh block………… 78-80 5.5.3a-c Strategic action plan for irrigation under PMKSY – Junagarh block………...... 81-83 5.5.4a-c Strategic action plan for irrigation under PMKSY – Koksara block…………….. 84-86 5.5.5a-c Strategic action plan for irrigation under PMKSY – Jaypatna block………….... 87-89 5.5.6a-c Strategic action plan for irrigation under PMKSY – Kalampur block……………. 90-92 5.5.7a-c Strategic action plan for irrigation under PMKSY – Th. Rampur block…………. 93-95 5.5.8a-c Strategic action plan for irrigation under PMKSY – Lanjigarh block…………….. 96-98 5.5.9a-c Strategic action plan for irrigation under PMKSY – Bhawanipatna block…….. 99-101 5.5.10a-c Strategic action plan for irrigation under PMKSY – Kesinga block…………….... 102-104 5.5.11a-c Strategic action plan for irrigation under PMKSY – Karlamunda block……….. 105-107 5.5.12a-c Strategic action plan for irrigation under PMKSY – M. Rampur block………….. 108-110 5.5.13a-c Strategic action plan for irrigation under PMKSY –Narla block………………..... 111-113 5.5.14 Block wise consolidated strategic plan under PMKSY + SIP+ other schemes in Kalahandi district………………………………………………………………………………….. 114 5.5.15 Block wise Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme (AIBP) in Kalahandi district…………………………………………………………………………..…………………………. 120 5.5.16 Block wise Kar Khet Ko Pani (HKKP) in Kalahandi district……….………………... 121 5.5.17 Block wise Per Drop More Crop (PDMC) (Micr-Irrigation) in Kalahandi district………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 122 5.5.18 Block wise Per Drop More Crop (PDMC) (Supplementary Water Management Activities) in Kalahandi district…………………………………………….. 123 5.5.19 Block wise PMKSY – watershed activities in Kalahandi district………………..... 124 5.5.20 Block wise convergence of MGNREGA in Kalahandi district…………………….... 125 5.5.21 Block wise State Irrigation Plans/Schemes in Kalahandi district…………...... 126 5.5.22 Block wise and components wise total estimated cost in Kalahandi 128 district…………………………………………………………………………………......

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

5.5.23 Total irrigation potential to be created under PMKSY in Kalahandi district (Area in ha)……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 129 5.5.24 Area under Micro irrigation system in Kalhandi district (Area in ha) 131 5.5.25 Proposed Irrigation potential to be created under different programmes and component in Kalahadni district………………………………………………………… 133 5.5.26 List of long term projects in Kalahandi district…………………………………………. 134

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha LIST OF FIGURES

Fig Page Title no. no.

1.1.1 Kalahandi district map………………………………………..……………………………………………… 6

1.1.2 Block wise geographical area (percent) of Kalahandi district………………….…………… 9

1.1.3 Ground water recharge: Kalahandi district…………………………………………………….… 10

1.2.1 Block wise total population in Kalahandi district………………………..…………………….. 12

1.2.2 Block wise ST & SC population (%) in Kalahandi district……………………………………. 13

1.2.3 Block wise child population (1-6 yrs) in Kalahandi district………………………………… 13

1.4.1 Potential evapotranspiration (mm/month) in Kalahandi district ……………………… 17

1.5.1 Soil resource map of Kalahandi district…………………………………………………………..… 20

1.5.2 Slope map of Kalahandi district…………………………………………………..……………………. 21

1.7.1 Block wise cropping intensity in Kalahandi district……………………………………………. 23

1.7.2 Block wise percent area under forest and wasteland (%) to TGA……………………… 24

1.7.3 Land use / land cover map of Kalahandi district……………………………………………… 24

2.1.1 Percentage irrigated and rainfed area in different blocks of Kalahandi district 35

2.1.2 Block wise distribution of irrigated and rainfed area under Cereals…………………… 35

2.1.3 Block wise distribution of irrigated and rainfed area under Pulses……………………… 35

2.1.4 Block wise distribution of irrigated and rainfed area under total Oil Seeds……… 35

2.1.5 Block wise distribution of irrigated and rainfed areas under total food crops…. 35

2.1.6 Block wise distribution of irrigated and rainfed area under fibre and other crops…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 36

2.1.7 Block wise percentage distribution of irrigated and rainfed area under horticulture and plantation……………………………………………………………………………… 36

2.2.1 Productivity of major crops under irrigated and rainfed condition in Kalahandi 39

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

district…………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………

2.3.1 Block wise distribution of irrigated and rainfed area in Kalahandi district…..…….. 42

2.3.2 Block wise distribution of percentage of NIA and GIA to NSA and GCA in Kalahandi district……………………………………………………………………………………………… 42

3.1.1 Different source of surface irrigation during Kharif and Rabi……………………………… 45

3.1.2 Ground water irrigation during Kharif and Rabi………………………………………………… 45

3.2.1 Status of ground water availability in Kalahandi district…………………….………….… 47

3.3.1 Status of command area in Kalahandi district……………………………………………………. 49

4.1.1 Population growth of different blocks of Kalahandi district during 2011- 2025……………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………… 53

4.1.2 Domestic water demand of different blocks of Kalahandi district during 2011- 2025…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 54

4.2.1 Present crop water demand in Kalahandi district……………………………………..……… 57

4.2.2 UCWPC, ECWP and CWPC in Kalahandi district…………………………………………….…… 57

4.2.3 Existing and future crop water potential of different blocks of Kalahandi district………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 58

4.3.1 Livestock water demand of Kalahandi district……………………………………….…………. 60

4.6.1 Sector wise water demand of Kalahandi district during 2011 and 2025………….. 62

4.7.1 Ground water availability of different blocks of Kalahandi district…………………… 63

4.7.2 Surface water availability of different blocks of Kalahandi district…………………… 64

4.7.3 Ground + surface water availability of different blocks of Kalahandi district….... 64

4.7.4 Water budgeting of Kalahandi district under various future scenarios....………..… 65

5.5.1 Block wise budget allocation from all components in Kalahandi district………..… 72

5.5.2 Block wise percentage budget allocation in Kalahandi district…………………………. 72

5.5.3 Component wise budget allocation in Kalahandi District…………………………………... 73

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District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

5.5.4 Block wise budget allocation under AIBP in Kalahandi r district……………....…….… 116

5.5.5 Block wise budget allocation under HKKP in Kalahandi district……………..……..…… 117

5.5.6 Block wise budget allocation under PDMC (SWM) in Kalahandi district……….…… 117

5.5.7 Block wise budget allocation under PMKSY-WS in Kalahandi district…….………..… 118

5.5.8 Block wise budget allocation under MGNREGA in Kalahandi district……….………… 118

5.5.9 Block wise budget allocation under state irrigation plan/schemes in Kalahandi district……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 110

5.5.10 Block wise estimated additional irrigated area under long term strategic action plan in Kalahandi district ...... 130

5.5.11 Block wise proposed budget under long term strategic action plan in Kalahandi district ...... 130

5.5.12 Block wise percent budget allocation under long term strategic action plan in Kalahandi district ...... 132

5.5.13 Block wise percent estimated additional irrigated area under STIPs and LTIPs in Kalahandi district ...... 132

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District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha Acronyms and Abbreviations AD : Anno Domini AER : Agro-Ecological Region AIBP : Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme BC : Before Chris BCM : Billion Cubic Meters CAD : Command Area Development CADA : Command Area Development Agency CD : Check Dam CDCP : Check Dam Construction Programme CGWB : Central Ground Water Board Ch : Children CI : Cropping Intensity CIC : Creation of Irrigation Channels CLSRP : Canal Lining & System Rehabilitation Programme CWC : Central Water Commission CWPC : Crop Water Potential Created DAC&FW : Department of Agriculture, Co-operation & Farmer Welfare DBIP : Deep Bore well Irrigation Programme DIP : District Irrigation Plan DLIC : District Level Implementation Committee DPAP : Drought Prone Area Programme DP-CD/WHS : Drought Proofing through Check Dam/Water Harvesting Structure DRDA : District Rural Development Agency DRIP : Dam Rehabilitation Improvement Project EGHL : Eastern Ghats High Land Fig. : Figure FP : Farm Pond FP/CP : Fishery Pond/Cattle Pond GCA : Gross Crop Area GEC : Ground Water Estimate Committee Gen. : General GIA : Gross Irrigated Area GOI : Government of India GP : Gram Panchayat GW : Ground Water GWD : Ground Water Development ha : Hectare HH : House Hold

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District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

HKKP : Har Khet ko Pani ICAR : Indian Council of Agricultural Research IDWG : Inter Department Working Group IMD : Indian Meteorological Department IISWC : Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation IR&RF : Irrigated and Rainfed kg /ha : Kilogram Per Hectare km : Kilometre LD : Land Development LFC : Lined Field Channel LI : Lift Irrigation LTSAP : Long Term Strategic Action Plan LTIP : Long Term Irrigation Plan M : Million MC : Micro Catchment MCD : Major Check Dam MCP : Mega-Lift Construction Programme MCPD : More Crop per Drop MGNREGA : Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act Mha : Million Hectare MI : Major Irrigation/Micro Irrigation/Minor Irrigation MIP : Minor Irrigation Project MLALAD : Member of Legislative Assembly Local Area Development mm : Millimetres MMA : Macro Management of Agriculture M&MIP : Major and Medium Irrigation Project MoA : Ministry of Agriculture Mo RD : Ministry of Rural Development Mo WR : Ministry of Water Resources MPLAD : Member of Parliament Local Area Development msl : Mean sea level MWS : Micro Watershed M&MIP : Major and Medium Irrigation Project NA : Not Available NABARD : National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development NB : Nalla Bunds NBSSLUP : Nation Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning NIA : Net Irrigated Area NP/CIP : New project/completion of incomplete project

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

NSA : Net Sown Area NWP : National Water Policy JICA : Japan International Co-operation Agency OAIC : Odisha Agro Industry Corporation OCTMP : Odisha Community Tank Management Project OFD : On Farm Development O-GWRS : Other Ground Water Recharge Structure OLIC : Odisha Lift Irrigation Corporation OIIAWMP : Odisha Integrated Irrigated Agriculture and Water Management Programme OLIC : Odisha Lift Irrigation Corporation P-II : Providing Infrastructure for Irrigation PDMC : Per Drop More Crop PET : Potential Evapo-transpiration PHED : Public Health and Engineering Department PMKYS : Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana PRI : Panchayat Raj Institution PSER : Potential Soil Erosion Rate PT : Percolation Tank R&D : Research & Development RCD : Renovation of Check Dam RIDF : Rural Infrastructure Development Fund RKVY : Rashtriya Krishi Vikash Yojona RM-IC/DWB : Renovation and maintenance of Irrigation Canals and Drains of Water Bodies RRR : Repair, Renovate and Restoration RWSS : Rural Water Supply and Sanitation SAGY : Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana SAP : State Agriculture Plan SC/ST : Schedule Cast/Schedule Tribe SIP : State Irrigation Plan SLNA : State Level Nodal Agency SLPSC : State Level Project Screening Committee SLSC : State Level Sanctioning Committee SLUSI : Soil & Land Use Survey of India SMF : Small and Marginal Farmer SREGP : Strategic Research &Extension Plan SRSA : State Remote Sensing Agency SRSA : State Remote Sensing Agency

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District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

SSS : Secondary Storage Structures STSAP : Short Term Strategic Action Plan STP : Sewerage Treatment Plant STIP : Short Term Irrigation Plan SWMA : Supplementary Water Management Activity TCA : Total Cropped Area TGA : Total Geographical Area t/ha/yr : Tone Per Hectare Per Year UC : Utilization Certificate UC : Unlined Channel UCWP : Ultimate Crop Water Potential WC : Water Conservation WD : Watershed Development WHS : Water Harvesting Structure WP : Water Potential WR : Water Requirement WRIS : Water Resources Information System @ : At the Rate

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District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha Kalahandi District Irrigation Plan- At a Glance

District Profile and Current Irrigation Status No. of Admin. Blocks 13 Total Cropped Area (Lakh ha) 5.98 Total Geographical Area (Lakh ha) 7.92 Irrigated (Lakh ha) 2.00(33.4%) No. of Villages 2236 Rainfed Area (Lakh ha) 3.98 (66.6%) SC/ST Population (%) 48.28 Total Surface + Ground Water 3.67 Available (BCM) Rainfall (mm) 1378.2 Stage of GWD (%) 18.49 Irrigation Potential Created Ending March,2015 (total in Lakh ha) 3.22 Kharif ( Lakh ha) 2.09 Rabi (Lakh ha) 1.13

Proposed Plan under DIP S.No Programme/Components Sub-components Area Total Budget (ha) (in Crore) I. Irrigation Potential to be Created A PMKSY AIBP 15761 551.5 B PMKSY-other components HKKP 18354 388.2 Watershed Development 6488 65.0 Total (A+B) 40603 1004.6 C State plan Minor 13729.3 253.0 Medium Agriculture NABARD Total ( C) Total (A+B+C) 54332.5 1257.6 II. Extension, Strengthening & Restoration of Ayacut(ha) RRR 0 0 D HKKP Lined channel 0 0 E Watershed Development Renovation 0 0 Total (D+E) 0 0 III. DRIP & Sprinkler Irrigation(ha) PDMC Non-DPAP Drip 3250 13.4 F Non-DPAP Sprinkler 6109 92.2 Total (F) 9359 105.6 G Convergence of MGNREGA 15532.1 354.6 Total 1717.8

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District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

SUMMARY

 Kalahandi district is one of the economically backward districts of western Odisha with a geographical area of 7920 sq. km covering 13 developmental blocks. About 92.5% of the population lives in rural areas and agriculture is the main occupation. District has more than 48% ST&SC population.  The total gross cropped area is about 5.98 lakh ha out of which 2.00 lakh ha (33.4% of TCA) is irrigated and 3.98 lakh ha (66.6% of TCA) is under rainfed area  Among the different crop groups, cereals accounts for 72.4% of the irrigated area followed by horticulture & plantation (11.2%), oil seed crops (6.7%), coarse cereals (3.7%), pulses (2.6%), other crops (2.4%), and sugarcane (1.0%). This indicates that major source of water in agriculture is being used for cultivation of cereals like paddy and maize  The existing ground water draft for irrigation is 0.09618 BCM. The overall stage of groundwater development of the district is 18.49 %. There is ample scope for stepping up ground water development in the district.  Available surface water resource (0.768161 BCM) is nearly seven times higher than total groundwater resource (0.110021 BCM).  Total developed command area is 146745 ha (28%) and undeveloped command area is 379209 ha (72%) in the district. Total canal command area is 457394 ha out of which only 37282 ha (24%) is developed and 346209 ha (76%) is undeveloped.  Total domestic water demand during 2025 will be 0.065093 BCM, whereas the present demand is 0.032272 BCM. The current crop water demand is estimated to be 2.215 BCM and major crops groups are cereals and oilseeds.  Ultimate crop water potential (UCWP) to be created under different scenario varied from 1.259 to 11.328 BCM for 10 to 90% of the crop sown area to be irrigated. Similarly, water potential to be created at different scenario varied from 0.920 to 10.990 BCM.  There is wide variation in term of irrigation development among the blocks and it varied from 12.28 % to a maximum of 71.9% of the total cropped area is under irrigation.  The total estimated budget (Rs. 1717.777 crore) of the district for all components is distributed among the blocks with maximum of Rs 247.911 crore (14.432 %) for Kesinga block followed by Narla (Rs.231.944 crore, 13.5 %) and Karlamunda block (Rs.208.315 crore, 12.13%). The blocks like Kalampur and Koksara blocks are allocated minimum budget of Rs 23.647 (1.37 %) and 67.22 (3.91%) crore, respectively

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District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

 AIBP component accounts for 32.1% (Rs. 551.489 crore) of the total estimated budget for the district in order to cover the ongoing major, medium and minor irrigation projects in only eight blocks of Kalahandi districts.  HKKP components accounts for 22.6% (Rs. 388.16 crore) of the total budget to provide irrigation through various minor and lift irrigation to the different blocks of the district.  The remaining components of PMKSY accounts for 30.57% of the total estimated budget which is further allocated by 20.64% (Rs. 354.57 crore) under Convergence of MGNREGA followed by 5.37 % (Rs.92.16 crore) to per drop more crop (SWM), 3.78% (Rs. 65.0 crore) to PMKSY- watershed and 0.78% (13.44 crore) under per drop more crop (Micro-irrigation).  Apart from PMKSY, state irrigation plan/schemes accounts for only 14.73 % (Rs. 252.958 crore) of the total estimated budget under Short Term Strategic Action Plan.  A total of 54,332 ha is proposed to create irrigation potential under PMKSY which is 13.64% of the present total rainfed area and 27.15% of the present area under irrigation. Maximum irrigation potential planned through HKKP (18354 ha, 34%) followed by AIBP (15,761 ha, 29%), SIP (13,729 ha, 25%) and through watershed activities (6,488 ha, 12%).  Among the blocks, maximum irrigation potential is planned in Narla (12,129 ha, 22.3%) followed by Kesinga (9,981 ha, 18.37%), Bhawanipatna (6,396 ha, 11.8%) and Golamunda (5,786 ha, 10.7%). Whereas, Kalampur (780 ha,1.44%), Junagarh (1008 ha,1.85%) and Th. Rampur (1174 ha, 2.16% blocks least irrigation potential is planned.  The present average irrigated area is 33.4% (12.3 to 71.9% among the blocks) and proposed irrigated potential is alone accounts for 11.5% of the total cropped area (1.6 to 51.8%). Thus the present irrigation percent of 33.4% is expected to increase to 44.3% in the district. The blocks like Dharmagarh, Koksora, Jaypatna, Kalampur, Th. Rampur and Narla is already having gigher percent area is under irrigation compared to the present district average of 33.4%.  Long term plan in the district covering an total cultivable command area of 0.885 lakh ha with the estimated total budget of Rs. 6380 Crore. This expected to bring the total irrigated area of about 3.43 lakh ha after implementation of both short and long term irrigation plan in the district to cover about 57.3% of present total cropped area (5.98 lakh ha).

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

A. An Over View of District Irrigation Plan under PMKSY A.1.0 Introduction A.1.1 Background- Water is an important basic resource directly and indirectly contributes to the overall development of the country. Hence for the better water conservation and its management, Government of India started an mega programme called “Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY)” on 1st July, 2015 with the vision of extending the coverage of irrigation ‘Har Khet ko pani’ and improving water use efficiency ‘Per Drop More crop' in a focused manner with end to end solution on source creation, distribution, management, field application and extension activities. Due to constant pressure from our ever-growing population and increased urbanization, the cultivable area is shrinking. Presently we are utilizing only 634 BCM (56.46%) of water resources from the total water resources (1123 BCM). In fact there is a high demand /requirement for food grain production due to increasing population from the shrinking cultivable land. But there is a scope to improve the production by the proper use of available water resource (489 BCM) by increasing the irrigation area and by other water management methods. This goal can be achieved by bringing irrigation water to every farm, there is need to converge all ongoing efforts, put all efforts under one umbrella and to bridge the gaps through location specific innovative interventions. A.1.2 Vision

“Har Khet ko Pani Jal Sanchaya Jal Sinchan”

A.1.3 Objective The broad objectives of PMKSY will be:  Achieve convergence of investments in irrigation at the field level (preparation of district level and, if required, sub district level water use plans),  Enhance the physical access to water on the farm and expand cultivable area under assured irrigation (Har khet ko pani),  Improve on-farm water use efficiency to reduce wastage and increase availability both in duration and extent,  Enhance the adoption of precision-irrigation and other water saving technologies (More crop per drop),  Enhance recharge of aquifers and introduce sustainable water conservation practices,

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

 Ensure the integrated development of rainfed areas using the watershed approach towards soil and water conservation, regeneration of ground water, arresting runoff, providing livelihood options and other NRM functionaries,  Promote extension activities relating to water harvesting, water management and crop alignment for farmers and grass root level field functionaries,  Explore the feasibility of reusing treated municipal waste water for peri-urban agriculture, and  Attract greater private investment in irrigation.

A.1.4 Strategy / approach Kalahandi district irrigated area accounts for 33.4% of the GCA and remaining 66.6% of the GCA is under rainfed. This shows a huge gap between the ultimate irrigation potential and the present net irrigated area. There is wide variation in term of irrigation development among the blocks and it varied from 12.28 % to a maximum of 71.9% of the total cropped area is under irrigation. To address this inequality in irrigation development in the district, the blocks have been prioritized into high and low priority blocks for the irrigation development under PMKSY. The strategic approach is planned and proposed to bring the high priority blocks to at least 50% of the area net sown area under irrigation. To achieve objectives, PMKSY will strategize by focusing on end-to end solution in irrigation supply chain, viz., water sources, distribution network, efficient farm level applications, extension services on new technologies & information etc. The following table presents the strategies and approach followed in order to achieve the objectives under PMKSY.

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

Priority Block Strategies and Approaches Followed to Achieve the Objectives Blocks with high ST/SC population Low percent irrigated area to the net sown area Low ground water development High percent area under wastelands Strategies under PMKSY Completion of on-going major & medium irrigation projects under AIBP Creation of surface water and its utilization High Priority Blocks Creation of minor irrigation potentials Improving water distribution efficiency Lift irrigation and ground water development Soil and water conservations, Rainwater harvesting structures Micro-scale water harvesting- New & Repair Increasing water application efficiency through micro irrigation Training and awareness generation Blocks with low ST/SC population Relatively high percent irrigated area to the net sown area Medium to high ground water development Low percent area under wastelands Strategies under PMKSY Completion of on-going major & medium irrigation projects under AIBP Low Priority Blocks Improving water distribution efficiency Increasing water application efficiency through micro irrigation Lift irrigation wherever its potential Soil and water conservations, Rainwater harvesting structures Micro-scale water harvesting- New & Repair Ground water recharge structures Training and awareness generation Priority should be given to high priority blocks and followed by low priority blocks Convergence MGNREGA Approach State Irrigation Plans/Schemes Any External Aided/NABARD loaned Projects

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

Components wise Priority for High & Low Priority Blocks

A.1.5 Rationale / justification statement Presently only about 33.4% of the gross cropped area is under assured and protective irrigation in the Kalahandi District and remaining area (66.6%) still rainfed and subjected to high risk of crop production. Substantial dependency on monsoon rainfall makes cultivation in unirrigated areas a high risk, less productive farming profession. To make the farming is a profitable enterprise and to provide substantial employment opportunities to the future generation for their sustainable livelihood security through assured and protective irrigation source is a viable option. Empirical evidences suggest that assured or protective irrigation encourages farmers to invest more in farming technology and inputs leading to productivity enhancement and increased farm income. The overreaching vision of PMKSY will be to ensure access to some means of protective irrigation to all farming community in the District, to produce ‘per drop more crop’, thus bringing much desired rural prosperity. As per the guideline of PMKSY, DLIC is to prepare a perspective and strategic plan of District Irrigation Plan (DIP) based on the priorities of the blocks and indicate implementation strategy and expected outputs/outcomes, financial outlays and approach. The detailed strategic plan of Kalahandi District has been prepared based on the following criteria and approach. Blocks are grouped into high and low priority blocks based on NSA, percent of NSA under irrigation, ST/SC population, and percent of wastelands and stage of GWD etc. The perspective plan provides strategic road map for implementation of component wise planned activities of PMSKY in a holistic approach for increasing area under irrigation. This also provides a strategic direction for development and management of rainfed area in the District and scope for improvements of livelihoods of the rural community through minimizing failure of crops due to rainfall variability.

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

A.1.6 Presentation Structure of the District Irrigation Plan

The flow chart given below provides the details about the presentation structure of the DIP of Kalahandi district.

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

Chapter-I: General information of the District 1.1 District Profile 1.1.1 Introduction Kalahandi is one of the economically backward district of western Odisha with a geographical area of 7920 sq. km and is an integral part of Western Odisha Development Council constituted by Govt. of Odisha very often reels under severe drought condition. About 92.5% of the population lives in rural areas and agriculture is the main stay of the people. The agriculture is mostly rainfed and due to lack of adequate irrigation facilities and recurring severe drought conditions in the district, the agricultural production is very often curtailed.

Kalahandi district lies between North latitudes 19°03’ to 20°45’ and East longitudes 82°18’ to 83°48’.The district is well connected by rail and roads. Two National Highways are passing through the district. All the block headquarters are connected by mettalled roads.

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

Table 1.1.1: Block wise latitude and longitude of Kalahandi district

S. No District District Code Latitude Longitude Area (ha) 1 KALAHANDI 395 19°8’ to 20°25’ N 82°32’ to 83°47’ E 792000

S. No Block Code Latitude Longitude Area (ha) 1 Golamunda 0260 19° 49' 49.6668'' N 83° 1' 51.9708'' E 64061

2 Dharmagarh 0261 19° 52' 18.1740'' N 82° 46' 30.5832'' E 38292

3 Junagarh 0262 19° 51' 43.5456'' N 82° 56' 25.8612'' E 65295

4 Koksara 0263 19° 40' 6.1968'' N 82° 42' 15.7032'' E 49162

5 Jaipatna 0264 19° 28' 16.4964'' N 82° 48' 24.5376'' E 51135

6 Kalampur 0265 19° 36' 57.0276'' N 82° 53' 17.8332'' E 15382

7 Th. Rampur 0266 19° 31' 59.5560'' N 82° 55' 48.4644'' E 111611

8 Lanjigarh 0267 19° 42' 34.5600'' N 83° 22' 0.9048'' E 98715

9 Bhawanipatna 0268 19° 54' 26.7408'' N 83° 9' 50.9616'' E 92212

10 Kesinga 0269 20° 11' 6.1728'' N 83° 12' 37.5948'' E 46928

11 Karlamunda 0270 20° 21' 24.0444'' N 83° 27' 25.2684'' E 20042

12 M.Rampur 0271 20° 11' 38.5188'' N 83° 31' 1.0596'' E 86590

13 Narla 0272 20° 3' 26.4960'' N 83° 23' 0.8592'' E 52575

The river Tel and its tributaries constitute the main drainage system in the district. Some important rivers like Indravati, Nagavalli and Vansadhara owe their origin to the hill ranges in the south-eastern parts of the district. Kalahandi district profile at a glance is presented in table 1.1.2. In terms of geographical area, Th. Rampur block having almost 15% of total district area followed by Lanjigarh (12 %) and Bhawanipatna block (11 %) with lowest area in Kalampur (2%) block (Fig. 1.1.2). River basin and micro watershed map of Kalahandi district is presented in Annexure 1.1.

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

Table 1.1.2: Kalahandi district profile at a glance S. No. Particular Statistics 1 General information  Geographical area (sq. km) 7920  Numbers of blocks 13  Numbers of villages 2236  Total population as on 2011 census 1468929 185  Density (Person/km2) 48.28  SC/ST population (%) 1111.8 mm to 2712.9 mm  Average annual rainfall (range in mm) 59.62  Literacy rate (%) Agriculture (~90%)  Major occupancy 2 Geomorphology Gently undulating terrain, Isolated  Major physiographic units Mounds & Hills 3 Major land-use  Forest (% to TGA) 31.49  Net Sown Area (% TGA) 49.22  Net Irrigated area (% of NSA) 38.40  Waste lands (% to TGA) 7.56 4 Principal crops Paddy, pegion pea, ragi, mustard, potato, brinjal, tomato, cabbage 5 Irrigation by different sources Major & Medium Irrigation Project (Area and no. of structures) 62,814 ha (Kharif); 27,993 ha (Rabi) Minor Irrigation Project (Flow) 21579 ha (Kharif); 3880 ha (Rabi) Lift Irrigation Project 8660 ha (Kharif); 5196 ha (Rabi) 6 Water Resources Ground water  Ground water resource (BCM) 0.74911  Stage of GWD (%) 18.49 Surface Water (BCM) 2.95

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

1.1.2 History Kalahandi District had a glorious past and great civilization in ancient time. Archaeological record of Tel valley reveals the presence of the primates in its various zones during the Pleistocene phase. The discovered archaeological wealth of Tel valley suggest a well civilized, urbanized, cultured people inhabited on this land mass around 2000 years ago and Asurgarh was its capital. Kalahandi district along with Koraput and Bastar was part of Kantara referred in Ramayana and Mahabharata. After Indian independence, Kalahandi District joined with the Union of India on January 1, 1948. On November 1, 1949, Patna Balangir District and Subarnapur District together constituted a separate District and the Nuapada sub-division of Sambalpur was added to the Kalahandi District. In 1967, Kashipur block of Kalahandi District was transferred to Rayagada division for administrative purpose.

1.1.3 Rainfall and Climate

The south-west monsoon is the principal source of rainfall in the district. Average annual rainfall of the district is 1378.2 mm. About 80 to 85% of the total rainfall is received during the period from June-September. Droughts are quite common in the district. Block-wise average annual rainfall varies from 1111.8 mm to 2712.9 mm. The climate of the district is sub-tropical with hot and dry summer and pleasant winter. The summer season extends from March to middle of June followed by the rainy season from June to September. The winter season extends from

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

November till the end of February. Humidity is high during middle of June and it’s less in post- monsoon period. The average relative humidity in the district varies from 27% to 80% throughout the year.

1.1.4 Ground Water Resources

The Ground Water Resources of the district has been assessed adopting the methodology recommended by the Groundwater Estimation Committee (1997), constituted by Govt. of India. The task was jointly carried out by the Central Ground Water Board and Ground water Survey & Investigation, Department of Water Resources, Govt. of Odisha. The Annual replenishable ground water resources in the district are computed as 74911Ham (0.74911 BCM).

The existing Ground Water Draft for irrigation is 9618 Ham (0.09618 BCM). The ground water draft for irrigation is through dug wells and tube wells. A large number of hand pumps fitted in PHED bore wells and tube wells also cater to the rural and urban water supply needs. On the basis of the estimated ground water potentials a detailed scheme for ground water development may be launched in the district. So far ground water development in the district has been meager, and all the blocks fall under the safe category. The stage of ground water development varies from 9.53 % (Th. Rampur) to 29.64% (Narla). The overall stage of groundwater development of the district is 18.49 %. There is ample scope for stepping up ground water development in the district.

The major source of recharge from rainfall (21%) and other source contribute only 13% towards total recharge of 33% with net ground water accounting to 31% (Fig. 1.1.3).

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

1.1.5 Soil Types

The distribution of different soil types in the district depends much on its physiographic and lithologic variations. Based on the physical and chemical characteristics, mode of origin and occurrence, soils of the district may be classified into two groups namely Alfisols and Vertisols. Generally the major soil type found in Kalahandi district is black soil with more clay content (Vertisols) , matured unaltered soils with coarse parent materials (Entisols), red & lateritic soil (Alfisols) mixed grey soil (Inceptisols) unclassified soil( like mud flats)

1.1.6 Agriculture

Kalahandi is largely an agriculture based economy. During Bengal famine Kalahandi alone had sent 100,000 tons of rice. During the 1930s princely state of Kalahandi had proposed to build upper Indravati project but subsequent merger of princely state with India delayed the project. It got approved in 1978 and yet to be fully completed. In the mean time drought occurred in the 1960s and lately in the 1980s. The number of rice mills in the district was around 150 in the year 2004–05. More than 70% have been built in the five years after commissioning of the Indravati project. Principal growing crops are paddy, ragi, mustard, brinjal, chilli, tomato and cauliflower.

1.2 Demography  Population of Kalahandi district was 14.68 lakh, out of which male and female were 7.31 lakh and 7.37 lakh, respectively (Census, 2011).  District has more than 48% ST&SC population out of total (30 percent ST and 18% SC)  Population Density of district is185 people per sq. km (Census, 2011).  More than 90% population of the total population lives in rural areas.  There were total 2.10 lakh children under age of 0-6 years which has 14.31% of total population in the district.  Panchayat wise and village wise demographic features attached in Annexure 1.1

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

Table 1.2: Demography Profile of Kalahandi District

Population (No.) SC ST GEN Total Block M F CH Total No. No. No. No. Total 731916 737013 210330 1468929 267194 442008 759727 1468929 Golamunda 64917 64582 18651 129499 22480 32655 74364 129499 Dharmagarh 69994 69365 19346 139359 25407 24071 89881 139359 Junagarh 86606 87054 24271 173660 29585 29902 114173 173660 Koksara 58953 60351 16375 119304 19555 41119 58630 119304 Jaypatna 64673 66051 17430 130724 20921 50213 59590 130724 Kalampur 29531 30544 7957 60075 9778 15673 34624 60075 Thuamul Rampur 38113 39727 13522 77840 19742 45287 12811 77840 Lanjigarh 45887 47292 16118 93179 22146 42703 28330 93179 Bhawanipatna 85252 85275 24722 170527 34711 56564 79252 170527 Kesinga 58245 57583 15645 115828 19078 31738 65012 115828 Karlamunda 28975 28443 7625 57418 9686 8411 39321 57418 Madanpur Rampur 40075 40449 12203 80524 11142 31535 37847 80524 Narla 60695 60297 16465 120992 22963 32026 66003 120992

 Trends shows that highest total population is with Junagarh block (13%) followed by Bhawanipatna and Dharmagarh block. Karlamunda block has lowest population (4%) in the district (Figure 1.2.1).

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

 Trends of tribe population show that in Th. Rampur blocks almost 60% population is tribal followed by Lanjigarh, Jayapatna block and lowest in Karlamunda block (Figure1.2.2).  In Raigarh and Th. Rampur block almost 22% population are SC, followed by lowest in Madanpur Rampur block (12%). (Figure1.2.2)

 In case of child population not much variation has been seen among blocks. It varies from 13 to 17% (Figure 1.2.3) (Detailed information in Annexure 1.1)

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

1.3 Biomass and Livestock  Mainly Poultry, Ducks, Goats, Pig, Sheep, Cow and Buffaloes constitute major portion in livestock population (Table 1.3.1).  In case of poultry population, Bhawanipatna block has 17% of poultry followed by Narla (11 %) and Junagarh (10%). (Table 1.3.2)  In case of Ducks, more than 17 % population available with Bhawanipatna followed by Koksara and Junagarh block.  Pigs are mainly available with M. Rampur block (34%) followed by Lanjigarh and Jayapatna block  Sheep population mainly available Bhawanipatna (14.52 %), Golamunda (13.51 %) , Junagarh (12.79%), Koksara and Jayapatna block.  In case of Goats Th. Rampur and Bhawanipatna block having more than 14% population.  Indigenous cow population mainly available with Th. Rampur (18.22%) and Bhawanipatna (12.58 %) block (Table 1.3.2)

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

Table 1.3.1: Biomass and Livestock

Name of Small Animals Large Animals Draft Animal Block (Buffalo/Yak/B Poultry Ducks Pigs Goats Sheeps Indigen Hybrid In ulls/Any other ous Cow descriptive (No.) Cow Buffalo Golamunda 52610 1120 0 18560 10797 8670 530 1017 114062

Dharmagarh 18299 432 0 7700 4275 5383 822 474 45839

Junagarh 58289 2820 135 14503 10226 7293 3027 1625 114893

Koksara 32939 3044 0 11688 8142 8574 2414 1953 85698

Jayapatna 33216 2494 591 11040 8060 7009 885 1016 77345

Kalamapur 18755 993 0 3687 2487 2570 475 987 34804

Th.Rampur 48642 562 513 30769 6196 18308 34 3480 128914

Lanjiagarh 35628 45 639 19120 3640 9055 212 3737 87911

Bhawanipatna 92904 4357 129 31113 11606 12642 2731 1866 188097

Kesinga 37544 2697 287 16266 6031 5490 3476 2437 93642

Karlamunda 25450 1325 0 9620 3625 3506 1358 608 58228

M.Rampur 30699 2750 1160 21383 2146 4897 1020 1538 81028

Narla 65757 1730 23 21475 2709 7113 1497 1153 119491

Total 550732 24369 3477 216924 79940 100510 18481 21891 1229952

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

Table 1.3.2 Block wise Percent livestock population

Block Poultry Duck Indig. cow Goats Pig Sheeps Golamunda 9.55 4.60 8.63 8.56 0.00 13.51 Dharmagarh 3.32 1.77 5.36 3.55 0.00 5.35 Junagarh 10.58 11.57 7.26 6.69 3.88 12.79

Koksara 5.98 12.49 8.53 5.39 0.00 10.19

Jayapatna 6.03 10.23 6.97 5.09 17.00 10.08

Kalamapur 3.41 4.07 2.56 1.70 0.00 3.11 Th.Rampur 8.83 2.31 18.22 14.18 14.75 7.75

Lanjiagarh 6.47 0.18 9.01 8.81 18.38 4.55 Bhawanipatna 16.87 17.88 12.58 14.34 3.71 14.52 Kesinga 6.82 11.07 5.46 7.50 8.25 7.54 Karlamunda 4.62 5.44 3.49 4.43 0.00 4.53 M.Rampur 5.57 11.28 4.87 9.86 33.36 2.68 Narla 11.94 7.10 7.08 9.90 0.66 3.39

1.4 Agro-Ecology, Climate, Hydrology and Topography

 Kalahandi district comes under Western Ghats undulating type agro-ecological zone. The details are presented in table 1.4.1.  The climate of the district is typically tropical to subtropical with three distinct seasons e.g., summer, winter, and monsoon. December is the coldest month with mean daily average temperature of 25o C which reaches a maximum of 400 C in May.  The district enjoys tropical climate characterized by hot summer (21.50 C to 43.50 C), cold winters (06.20 C to 40 C & rainy seasons (29.5 C to 41 C).  The rainfall in the area is mostly from the south west monsoon lasts from middle of June to October. The average annual rainfall varies from 1030.21mm to 1569.50 mm.  Average potential Evapo-transpiration is varied from 5 to 8 mm per day and 160 to 241 mm per month with annual 2292 mm (Figure 1.4.1)

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

Fig.1.4.1:Potential evapotranspiration (mm/month) of Kalahandi district

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

Table 1.4.1: Block wise Agro-Ecology, Climate, Hydrology and Topography features of Kalahandi district

Potential Maximium Average Weekly Temperature Evapo- Elevation Rainfall (0 C) Transpiration (m) Intensity (MM)

a) (PET)

Beyo Bey Period Period

Me U an.

nd ond S NO Block p Rainy

15 30 Summer Winter

Type

(mm) (mm)

to (June - but but (April -May (Oct- Mar.) 1 Sept) up up

Min.

Max . Max

Blockarea( 5

to to

m Winter

AgroEcological Zone No of Rainy of No Days (No) 30 60 Summer

NormalAnnual Rainfall

Min Min Min in Max Max Max

Mean Mean Mean

AverageMonthly Rain fall

CumulativeTotal min min RainySeason 64060. 1 Golamunda 32.8 9 38291. 2 Dharmagarh 51.8 7 65295. 3 Junagarh 101.2 3 49162.

4 Koksara 90.6

1 51134. 5 Jaipatna 109.5 9 15381.

6 Kalmapur 134.2

7 Th.Rampur 111611 170.8

30 40 70 56

166 205 310

61.2 25.6 40.9 13.2 36.6 24.9 23.7 36.3

33.25 98714. 1330.5 8 Lanjigarh 105.4 8 Bhawanipatn 92212. 9 72.7

a estern UndulatingZone 1

DATANOT AVAILABLE DATANOT AVAILABLE

W 46928. 10 Kesinga 94.2 3 20041. 11 Karlamunda 117.2 6 86589. 12 M.Rampur 101.3 9 52575. 13 Narla 90.4 4

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

1.5 Soil profile

 Generally the major soil type found in Kalahandi district is black soil with more clay content (Vertisols) , matured unaltered soils with coarse parent materials (Entisols), red & lateritic soil (Alfisols) mixed grey soil (Inceptisols) unclassified soil( like mud flats).  Most of area available under 0-3% slope category (51%) followed by 8-25% slope (29.45%) (Annexure 1.2).  The distribution of different soil types in the district depends much on its physiographic and lithologic variations. Based on the physical and chemical characteristics, mode of origin and occurrence, soils of the district may be classified into two groups namely Alfisols and Vertisols.  Alfisols : It includes red sandy soils and red loamy soils. The red loamy and sandy soils are occurring in throughout the district. The characteristic features of red soils are (1) light texture, porous and friable structure, (2) absence of lime Kankar and free carbonates and (3) soluble salts in a small quantity usually not exceeding 0.05%. These are usually deficient in nitrogen, phosphate, organic matter and lime. These soils are suitable for cultivation of paddy and other crops.  Vertisols : These are medium black soils found in the North Eastern Corner of the district. The soils are highly argillaceous and contain high amount of iron, calcium and magnesium. These are poor in organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorous but rich in potash and lime. The pH varies from neutral to alkaline and texture varies from loam to clayey loam. These are quite fertile soils.  Block wise information on soil resource map is attached in Annexure 1.3.

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

Table 1.5.1: Soil type and slope wise area of Kalahandi district

Major Soil Classes Land Slope Area (ha) 0-3% 3-08% 8-25% >25% (ha) (ha) (ha) (ha)

BLACK SOIL WITH MORE CLAY CONTENT 27236.25 26014.95 846.14 375.16 0.00 (VERTISOLS)

MATURED, RED & LATERITIC SOIL 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.00 (ALFISOLS) 376335.26 84445.57 58416.08 213928.92 19544.70 MIXED GREY SOIL (INCEPTISOLS) 355808.29 297217.94 39521.23 18950.74 118.39 UNALTERED SOILS WITH COARSE PARENT MATERIALS (ENTISOLS)

UNCLASSIFIED SOIL( LIKE MUD FLATS) 517.46 2.66 514.80 0.00 0.00

SETTLEMENT 11011.65

WATERBODY 21091.04 TOTAL 792000.00 407681.14 99298.24 233254.83 19663.09

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

1.6 Soil Erosion and Runoff

Potential soil erosion rate revealed that, mare than 35.30% of the TGA in the district is below 5 t/ha/year followed by 20-40 t/ha/yr (18.17%), 5-10 t/ha/yr (12.95%), and 10-15 t/ha/yr (11.67%). Table 1.6.1 revealed that, more than 38% of the TGA of the district have potential soil erosion rate of >15 t/ha/yr (Table 1.6.1). It indicates that soil erosion rates are higher than the permissible limit and needs suitable soil and water conservation measures particularly under PMKSY-watershed management.

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

Table 1.6.1: Potential soil Erosion rate Kalahandi district

1.7 Land use Pattern

 Kalahandi district showed wide variation in land use pattern. The land utilization pattern indicates that out of total geographical area, the forest area constitute 249450 ha. (31 %) and the net sown area is 383721 ha (Table 1.7.1)  In case of forest area M. Rampur block having highest are under forest followed by Lanjigarh block (Annexure 1.4)  Cropping intensity of the district is good than the state average. Average cropping intensity of the district is 175%.  The blocks namely Kalmapur, Jaipatna, Karlamunda, Kesinga and Junagarh having good cropping intensity as compared to other block (Fig. 1.7.1). There is a scope to increase cropping intensity by increasing area under irrigation thus provides water source for growing second crops.  Area under wasteland is low .  Block wise land use pattern attached in Annexure 1.4

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

Chapter II: District Water Profile A scarce natural resource, water is fundamental to life, livelihood, food security and sustainable development. The National Water Policy (2002) document very categorically states that water is a prime natural resource, a basic human need and a precious national asset. It further states that it is one of the most crucial elements in developmental planning. Agricultural sector in India in general and in Odisha in particular has been and is likely to remain the major use of water. Undoubted, irrigation has been one of the pillars of green revolution and key factor in imparting resilience and drought proofing to agriculture. In this context, Kalahandi district of Odisha is one of the few places which are richly endowed with water resources with an average annual rainfall of 1331mm (Table 1.4). It is worthwhile to mention that barring a few districts, level of groundwater development in Kalahandi district is less than 20 % (Table 3.2). Realizing the importance of the water resources and the role it would play in enhancing agricultural production in a sustainable manner, Government has developed irrigation resources. The district water profile particularly for agricultural use for raising different crops is presented in this section. Understanding the area under irrigated by different crops provides making strategies for efficient utilization of scare water resources for bring rainfed areas under irrigation.

2.1 Crops and Block-wise Irrigated and Rainfed area The crop wise and block wise irrigated and rainfed area in Kalahandi district is presented in table 2.1. The block wise information of Kalahandi district, related to the season and crop- wise irrigation status are presented in table 2.1.1 to 2.1.13.

 The total gross cropped area is about 5.98 lakh ha out of which 2.00 lakh ha (33.4% of TCA) is irrigated and 3.98 lakh ha (66.6% of TCA) is under rainfed area (Table 2.1).  The blocks like Dharmagarh, Jaipatna, Junagarh, Kalampur, Karlamunda, in which percent of irrigated areas are high as compared to other blocks (Fig. 2.1.1).  Among the different crop groups, cereals accounts for 72.4% of the irrigated area followed by horticulture & plantation (11.2%), oil seed crops (6.7%), coarse cereals (3.7%), pulses (2.6%), other crops (2.4%), and sugarcane (1.0%). This indicates that major source of

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

water in agriculture is being used for cultivation of cereals like paddy and maize (Table 2.1).  In the district as a whole, total cereal accounts for 25.4 % of the TCA is under irrigated and 20.5% of the total TCA is under rainfed (Fig.2.1.2). Among the blocks, Junagarh (66.0%), Kalampur (58.4%) and Jaipatna (48.5%) having higher percent of the TCA is under irrigated and followed by Dharmagarh (38.3%). Other hand, Koksara (38.8%), Bhawanipatna (29.5%), M. Rampur (28.0%), Narla (27.3%) and Golmunda (23.3%) are the blocks, where higher percent of TCA is under rainfed cereals.  Total pulses accounts only 0.9% of the TCA is under irrigated and 32.5% is under rainfed in the district. The blocks like Jaipatna (2.7%), M. Rampur (1.4%), Narla (1.4%) and Karlamunda (1.1%) are the blocks having higher percent of the total pulses under irrigated (Fig.2.1.3)  It’s very interesting to know that, only 24.9% the TCA is under irrigated food crops and nearly 53.7% of the TCA is under rainfed food crops (Fig.2.1.4). The blocks like Junagarh (66.6%), Kalampur (59.3%), Jaipatna (51.2%) and Dharmagarh (38.9%) are having higher per cent of TCA under irrigated food crops. This suggests that other blocks having greater potential to convert rainfed area into irrigated.  Oil seeds accounts for hardly 2.3% of the TCA is irrigated and 5.7% of the TCA is under rainfed, which shows majority of the oilseeds is under rainfed areas. In the district Karlamunda (5.9%), M. Rampur (3.4%) and Kesinga (2.8%) blocks are having maximum percentage of TCA, under irrigated oil seeds (Fig 2.1.5).  Other crops including fibre accounts about 1.0% of the TCA is irrigated but percent area under rainfed is 6.3%, where as irrigated sugarcane accounts only 0.3% of TCA (Fig.2.1.6).  In the district nearly 3.7% of the TCA is irrigated horticulture and plantation crops and, 0.3% of the TCA is under rainfed horticulture & plantation (Fig.2.1.7). Particularly blocks like Kalampur, M. Rampur, Lanjigarh, and Karlamunda are having more horticulture and plantation cropped area than other blocks in the district.

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

Table 2.1 : Crop wise and block wise irrigated and rainfed area in Kalahandi District Coarse Hort & S. Cereals Pulses Oil seed Fibre Any other Sugarcane Total Block Cereals Plantation TCA No IR RF IR RF IR RF IR RF IR RF IR RF IR RF IR RF IR RF 1 Bhawanipatna 3977 19188 540 1322 534 17241 1209 2861 0 20027 241 12 250 0 1776 238 8527 60889 69416 2 Dharmagarh 22837 8268 485 1186 395 21546 1481 1385 0 117 374 22 150 0 2123 523 27845 33047 60892 3 Golamunda 7509 13391 542 1479 257 24916 1213 5280 0 6627 78 29 1320 0 1036 277 11955 51999 63954 4 Jaipatna 22848 5071 903 901 1300 13682 324 1052 0 67 358 42 50 0 2142 194 27925 21009 48934 5 Junagarh 47220 5399 1627 2003 445 9359 1690 3388 0 536 267 62 100 0 1858 50 53207 20797 74004 6 Kalampur 14202 0 304 657 231 6280 615 80 0 11 294 65 0 0 2058 38 17704 7131 24835 7 Karlamunda 6393 3983 218 256 283 9749 1492 309 0 278 590 69 0 0 1663 50 10639 14694 25333 8 Kesinga 5464 7046 720 2674 182 16814 1328 2014 0 8142 596 35 120 0 1998 132 10408 36857 47265 9 Koksara 6181 18396 374 1547 260 20578 975 986 0 30 218 40 0 0 1819 50 9827 41627 51454 10 Lanjigarh 1477 3365 515 2573 84 15605 629 3648 0 1366 281 41 0 0 2178 50 5164 26648 31812 11 M.Rampur 897 8253 438 951 463 15205 1105 1506 0 790 864 54 30 0 2279 86 6076 26845 32921 12 Narla 4125 11065 473 968 627 16426 792 2059 0 6529 319 47 0 0 603 55 6939 37149 44088 13 Th. Rampur 1630 2805 301 63 229 7309 647 9302 0 10 260 2 0 0 787 57 3854 19548 23402 Total 144760 106230 7440 16580 5290 194710 13500 33870 0 44530 4740 520 2020 0 22320 1800 200070 398240 598310

 IR=Irrigated; RF=Rainfed

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

Table 2.1.1: Season and crop wise area under rainfed and irrigated in Bhawanipatna block of Kalahandi District Kharif (ha) Rabi (ha) Summer (ha) Total (ha) Crop type Total IR RF Total IR RF Total IR RF Total IR RF A. Cereals 3452 19188 22640 525 0 525 0 0 0 3977 19188 23165 B. Coarse Cereals 410 1322 1732 130 0 130 0 0 0 540 1322 1862 C. Pulses 0 1768 1768 534 15473 16007 0 0 0 534 17241 17775 D. Oil seeds 297 1082 1379 912 1779 2691 0 0 0 1209 2861 4070 E. Fibre 0 20027 20027 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20027 20027 F. Condiments & Spices 49 12 61 192 0 192 0 0 0 241 12 253 G. Sugarcane 0 0 0 250 0 250 0 0 0 250 0 250 Horticulture & Plantation 276 238 514 1500 0 0 0 0 1776 238 2014

Total 4484 43637 48121 4043 17252 19795 0 0 0 8527 60889 69416

Table 2.1.2: Season and crop wise area under rainfed and irrigated in Dharmagarh block of Kalahandi District Kharif (ha) Rabi (ha) Summer (ha) Total (ha) Crop type Total IR RF Total IR RF Total IR RF Total IR RF A. Cereals 15637 8268 23905 7200 0 7200 0 0 0 22837 8268 31105 B. Coarse Cereals 435 1186 1621 50 0 50 0 0 0 485 1186 1671 C. Pulses 0 8300 8300 395 13246 13641 0 0 0 395 21546 21941 D. Oil seeds 427 150 577 1054 1235 2289 0 0 0 1481 1385 2866 E. Fibre 0 117 117 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 117 117 F. Condiments & Spices 152 22 174 222 0 222 0 0 0 374 22 396 G. Sugarcane 0 0 0 150 0 150 0 0 0 150 0 150 Horticulture & Plantation 523 523 1046 1600 0 1600 0 0 0 2123 523 2646 Total 17174 18566 35740 10671 14481 25152 0 0 0 27845 33047 60892

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

Table 2.1.3: Season and crop wise area under rainfed and irrigated in Golamunda block of Kalahandi District Crop type Kharif (ha) Rabi (ha) Summer (ha) Total (ha) Total IR RF Total IR RF Total IR RF Total IR RF A. Cereals 6407 13391 19798 1102 0 1102 0 0 0 7509 13391 20900 B. Coarse Cereals 495 1479 1974 47 0 47 0 0 0 542 1479 2021 C. Pulses 0 10084 10084 257 14832 15089 0 0 0 257 24916 25173 D. Oil seeds 210 2124 2334 1003 3156 4159 0 0 0 1213 5280 6493 E. Fibre 0 6627 6627 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6627 6627 F. Condimends & Spices 18 29 47 60 0 60 0 0 0 78 29 107 G. Sugarcane 0 0 0 1320 0 1320 0 0 0 1320 0 1320 Horticulture & Plantation 26 277 303 1010 0 1010 0 0 0 1036 277 1313 Total 7156 34011 41167 4799 17988 22787 0 0 0 11955 51999 63954

Table 2.1.4: Season and crop wise area under rainfed and irrigated in Jaipatna block of Kalahandi District Crop type Kharif (ha) Rabi (ha) Summer (ha) Total (ha) Total IR RF Total IR RF Total IR RF Total IR RF A. Cereals 14393 5071 19464 8455 0 8455 0 0 0 22848 5071 27919 B. Coarse Cereals 731 901 1632 172 0 172 0 0 0 903 901 1804 C. Pulses 0 7207 7207 1300 6475 7775 0 0 0 1300 13682 14982 D. Oil seeds 200 236 436 124 816 940 0 0 0 324 1052 1376 E. Fibre 0 67 67 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 67 67 F. Condiments & Spices 127 42 169 231 0 231 0 0 0 358 42 400 G. Sugarcane 0 0 0 50 0 50 0 0 0 50 0 50 Horticulture & Plantation 522 194 716 1620 0 1620 0 0 0 2142 194 2336 Total 15973 13718 29691 11952 7291 19243 0 0 0 27925 21009 48934 29

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

Table 2.1.5: Season and crop wise area under rainfed and irrigated in Junagarh block of Kalahandi District Crop type Kharif (ha) Rabi (ha) Summer (ha) Total (ha) Total IR RF Total IR RF Total IR RF Total IR RF A. Cereals 28105 5399 33504 19115 0 19115 0 0 0 47220 5399 52619 B. Coarse Cereals 1412 2003 3415 215 0 215 0 0 0 1627 2003 3630 C. Pulses 0 7014 7014 445 2345 2790 0 0 0 445 9359 9804 D. Oil seeds 520 878 1398 1170 2510 3680 0 0 0 1690 3388 5078 E. Fibre 0 536 536 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 536 536 F. Condimends & Spices 85 62 147 182 0 182 0 0 0 267 62 329 G. Sugarcane 0 0 0 100 0 100 0 0 0 100 0 100 Horticulture & Plantation 418 50 468 1440 0 1440 0 0 0 1858 50 1908 Total 30540 15942 46482 22667 4855 27522 0 0 0 53207 20797 74004

Table 2.1.6: Season and crop wise area under rainfed and irrigated in Kalampur block of Kalahandi District Crop type Kharif (ha) Rabi (ha) Summer (ha) Total (ha) Total IR RF Total IR RF Total IR RF Total IR RF A. Cereals 12010 0 12010 2192 0 2192 0 0 0 14202 0 14202 B. Coarse Cereals 209 657 866 95 0 95 0 0 0 304 657 961 C. Pulses 0 3980 3980 231 2300 2531 0 0 0 231 6280 6511 D. Oil seeds 383 0 383 232 80 312 0 0 0 615 80 695 E. Fibre 0 11 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 11 F. Condiments & Spices 15 65 80 279 0 279 0 0 0 294 65 359 G. Sugarcane 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Horticulture & Plantation 428 38 466 1630 0 1630 0 0 0 2058 38 2096 Total 13045 4751 17796 4659 2380 7039 0 0 0 17704 7131 24835

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

Table 2.1.7: Season and crop wise area under rainfed and irrigated in Karlamunda block of Kalahandi District Crop type Kharif (ha) Rabi (ha) Summer (ha) Total (ha) Total IR RF Total IR RF Total IR RF Total IR RF A. Cereals 5817 3983 9800 576 0 576 0 0 0 6393 3983 10376 B. Coarse Cereals 154 256 410 64 0 64 0 0 0 218 256 474 C. Pulses 0 3730 3730 283 6019 6302 0 0 0 283 9749 10032 D. Oil seeds 336 174 510 1156 135 1291 0 0 0 1492 309 1801 E. Fibre 0 278 278 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 278 278 F. Condimends & Spices 94 69 163 496 0 496 0 0 0 590 69 659 G. Sugarcane 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Horticulture & Plantation 230 50 280 1433 0 1433 0 0 0 1663 50 1713 Total 6631 8540 15171 4008 6154 10162 0 0 0 10639 14694 25333

Table 2.1.8: Season and crop wise area under rainfed and irrigated in Kesinga block of Kalahandi District Crop type Kharif (ha) Rabi (ha) Summer (ha) Total (ha) Total IR RF Total IR RF Total IR RF Total IR RF A. Cereals 4944 7046 11990 520 0 520 0 0 0 5464 7046 12510 B. Coarse Cereals 550 2674 3224 170 0 170 0 0 0 720 2674 3394 C. Pulses 0 3902 3902 182 12912 13094 0 0 0 182 16814 16996 D. Oil seeds 74 303 377 1254 1711 2965 0 0 0 1328 2014 3342 E. Fibre 0 8142 8142 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8142 8142 F. Condimends & Spices 104 35 139 492 0 492 0 0 0 596 35 631 G. Sugarcane 0 0 0 120 0 120 0 0 0 120 0 120 Horticulture & Plantation 228 132 360 1770 0 1770 0 0 0 1998 132 2130 Total 5900 22234 28134 4508 14623 19131 0 0 0 10408 36857 47265

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

Table 2.1.9: Season and crop wise area under rainfed and irrigated in Kokasara block of Kalahandi District Crop type Kharif (ha) Rabi (ha) Summer (ha) Total (ha) Total IR RF Total IR RF Total IR RF Total IR RF A. Cereals 5531 18396 23927 650 0 650 0 0 0 6181 18396 24577 B. Coarse Cereals 354 1547 1901 20 0 20 0 0 0 374 1547 1921 C. Pulses 0 9975 9975 260 10603 10863 0 0 0 260 20578 20838 D. Oil seeds 70 124 194 905 862 1767 0 0 0 975 986 1961 E. Fibre 0 30 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 30 F. Condimends & Spices 59 40 99 159 0 159 0 0 0 218 40 258 G. Sugarcane 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Horticulture & Plantation 209 50 259 1610 0 1610 0 0 0 1819 50 1869 Total 6223 30162 36385 3604 11465 15069 0 0 0 9827 41627 51454

Table 2.1.10: Season and crop wise area under rainfed and irrigated in Lanjigarh block of Kalahandi District Crop type Kharif (ha) Rabi (ha) Summer (ha) Total (ha) Total IR RF Total IR RF Total IR RF Total IR RF A. Cereals 1257 3365 4622 220 0 220 0 0 0 1477 3365 4842 B. Coarse Cereals 505 2573 3078 10 0 10 0 0 0 515 2573 3088 C. Pulses 0 9016 9016 84 6589 6673 0 0 0 84 15605 15689 D. Oil seeds 58 1216 1274 571 2432 3003 0 0 0 629 3648 4277 E. Fibre 0 1366 1366 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1366 1366 F. Condimends & Spices 0 41 41 281 0 281 0 0 0 281 41 322 G. Sugarcane 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Horticulture & Plantation 321 50 371 1857 0 1857 0 0 0 2178 50 2228 Total 2141 17627 19768 3023 9021 12044 0 0 0 5164 26648 31812

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

Table 2.1.11: Season and crop wise area under rainfed and irrigated in M. Rampur block of Kalahandi District Crop type Kharif (ha) Rabi (ha) Summer (ha) Total (ha) Total IR RF Total IR RF Total IR RF Total IR RF A. Cereals 317 8253 8570 580 0 580 0 0 0 897 8253 9150 B. Coarse Cereals 346 951 1297 92 0 92 0 0 0 438 951 1389 C. Pulses 0 7358 7358 463 7847 8310 0 0 0 463 15205 15668 D. Oil seeds 58 516 574 1047 990 2037 0 0 0 1105 1506 2611 E. Fibre 0 790 790 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 790 790 F. Condiments & Spices 255 54 309 609 0 609 0 0 0 864 54 918 G. Sugarcane 0 0 0 30 0 30 0 0 0 30 0 30 Horticulture & Plantation 219 86 305 2060 0 2060 0 0 0 2279 86 2365 Total 1195 18008 19203 4881 8837 13718 0 0 0 6076 26845 32921

Table 2.1.12: Season and crop wise area under rainfed and irrigated in Narala block of Kalahandi District Crop type Kharif (ha) Rabi (ha) Summer (ha) Total (ha) Total IR RF Total IR RF Total IR RF Total IR RF

A. Cereals 3605 11065 14670 520 0 520 0 0 0 4125 11065 15190 B. Coarse Cereals 403 968 1371 70 0 70 0 0 0 473 968 1441 C. Pulses 0 7282 7282 627 9144 9771 0 0 0 627 16426 17053 D. Oil seeds 7 985 992 785 1074 1859 0 0 0 792 2059 2851 E. Fibre 0 6529 6529 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6529 6529 F. Condimends & Spices 51 47 98 268 0 268 0 0 0 319 47 366 G. Sugarcane 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Horticulture & Plantation 103 55 158 500 0 500 0 0 0 603 55 658 Total 4169 26931 31100 2770 10218 12988 0 0 0 6939 37149 44088

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

Table 2.1.13: Season and crop wise area under rainfed and irrigated in T. Rampur block of Kalahandi District Crop type Kharif (ha) Rabi (ha) Summer (ha) Total (ha) Total IR RF Total IR RF Total IR RF Total IR RF A. Cereals 1305 2805 4110 325 0 325 - - - 1630 2805 4435 B. Coarse Cereals 256 63 319 45 0 45 - - - 301 63 364 C. Pulses 0 3544 3544 229 3765 3994 - - - 229 7309 7538 D. Oil seeds 10 4282 4292 637 5020 5657 - - - 647 9302 9949 E. Fibre 0 10 10 0 0 0 - - - 0 10 10 F. Condiments & Spices 91 2 93 169 0 169 - - - 260 2 262 G. Sugarcane 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - - 0 0 0 Horticulture & Plantation 77 57 134 710 0 710 - - - 787 57 844 Total 1739 10763 12502 2115 8785 10900 0 0 0 3854 19548 23402

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

Fig. 2.1.1: Percentage irrigated and rainfed area in different blocks of Kalahandi district

Fig. 2.1.2: Block wise distribution of irrigated and Fig. 2.1.4: Block wise distribution of irrigated and rainfed area under Cereals rainfed area under Total Oil Seeds

Fig. 2.1.3: Block wise distribution of irrigated and Fig. 2.1.5: Block wise distribution of irrigated and 35 rainfed area under Pulses rainfed area under Total Food

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

Fig. 2.1.6: Block wise distribution of irrigated and rainfed area under Fibre and Other crops

Fig. 2.1.7: Block wise distribution of irrigated and rainfed area under Horticulture and Plantation

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

2.2 Production and Productivity of Major Crops

 The crop wise production, productivity, and cost of cultivation under rainfed and irrigated condition in Kalahandi district is presented in table 2.2.  Productivity of rainfed kharif paddy is 3751, whereas rabi paddy is 3962 kg/ha (Table 2.2).  Similarly productivity of wheat is 1795 kg/ha (Table 2.2).  The productivity of rabi maize is more than that of rainfed kharif maize (Fig. 2.2.1).  In case of vegetables, the productivity of irrigated vegetables is nearly 1.7 times more than that of rainfed vegetables (Fig. 2.2.1).  The productivity of oil seeds is almost same irrespective of season and irrigation condition.

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

Table 2.2: Production and productivity of major crops under irrigated & rainfed condition in Kalahandi district Season Crop sown Irrigated Rainfed Total

ctivity ctivity

(kg/ha)

Cereals Coarse cereals Pulses Oil seeds crop Fibre (ha) Area Production Mt/yr) (000’ Produ (kg/ha) Cost Cultivation (Rs./ha) (000' Area ha) Production MT/yr) (000' Productivity Cost Cultivation (Rs./ha) (ha) Area Production Mt/yr) (000’ Productivity (kg/ha) Cost Cultivation (Rs./ha) Kharif Paddy 09.01 38.90 3,751 40,000 09.01 38.90 3,751 40,000

Maize 19.67 75.79 3,853 32,160 19.67 75.79 3,853 32,160

Ragi 2.67 2.91 1,090 2.67 2.91 1,090

Jowar 0.03 0.02 600 0.03 0.02 600

Bajara 0.01 0.01 665 0.01 0.01 665

S Milets 0.46 0.23 500 0.46 0.23 500

All 14.72 12.89 876 44,300 14.72 12.89 876 44,300

Mung + 3.16 53.42 642 18,000 83.16 53.42 642 18,000 Biri Cotton 44.53 90.36 365 44.53 90.36 365

Sugarcane 2.02 135.04 66,850 1,15,800 2.02 135.04 66,850 1,15,800

Rabi Paddy 39.51 156.55 3,962 47,800 39.51 156.55 3,962 47,800

Wheat 2.47 4.43 1,795 34,300 2.47 4.43 1,795 34,300

Maize 1.18 4.37 3,702 36,100 1.18 4.37 3,702 36,100

All 32.65 36.14 1,107 32.65 36.14 1,107

Mung 23,200 116.84 62.01 531 116.84 62.01 531 23,200 +Biri Summer - -

Horticultural & Plantation

Vegetables 18.74 96.73 15,834 1,00,000 5.38 51.26 9,528 1,00,000 24.12 347.99 25,362 1,00,000

Spices and Condiments 3.64 4.11 1,129 1.62 6.18 3,815 5.26 10.29 4,944

Fruits and Plantation 18,135.4 18,135.4 - -

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

2.3 Irrigation Based Classification

Cultivable land is grouped in to irrigated and rainfed area. Under irrigated area again it classified into gross irrigated area and net irrigated area. Partially irrigated/Protective irrigation area under rainfed area has been considered 5 % of the total rainfed area, and this protective irrigation mainly through various kinds of rainwater harvesting structures particularly developed through watershed and other programmes like MGNREAGA etc. Block wise irrigated and rainfed area is presented in table 2.3.

 Junagarh block has highest net irrigated area followed by Dharmagarh block (Table 2.3).  Th. Rampur, M. Rampur, and Lanjigarh blocks have least net irrigated area in the district (Table 2.3).  Partially irrigated or protective irrigated area prevails in all blocks, highest in Bhawanipatna block (2136 ha), followed by Golamunda block (1522 ha) (Fig. 2.3.1).  Percentage of Net Irrigated Area (NIA) to Net Sown Area (NSA) is highest for Junagarh block (93.1%), followed by Kalampur (90.3%) and Dharmagarh (73.0%), whereas same is least for Th. Rampur (6.9%) (Fig. 2.3.2).  Similarly percent of Gross Irrigated Area (GIA) to TCA is highest for Kalampur block (64.7%), followed by Junagarh (63.9%) and Jaipatna (46.6%) and whereas same is least for Bhawanipatna (11.0%) (Fig. 2.3.2).

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

Table 2.3: Irrigation Based Classification- Block wise TCA, NIA and Rainfed area in Kalahandi District Irrigated Area (ha) Rainfed (ha) S. Block No. Total Net Partially/Protective Irrigated Irrigated Irrigation (@5% of Totally Rainfed Area Area Rainfed area) 1 Bhawanipatna 8527 6288 2136 42712 2 Dharmagarh 27845 19967 692 13833 3 Golamunda 11955 10359 1522 30441 4 Jaipatna 27925 18592 537 10730 5 Junagarh 53207 37922 132 2638 6 Kalampur 17704 10808 185 3692 7 Karlamunda 10639 9528 265 5302 8 Kesinga 10408 8117 1071 21413 9 Koksara 9827 8436 1462 29234 10 Lanjigarh 5164 3157 975 19498 11 M.Rampur 6076 3715 934 18672 12 Narla 6939 9108 1126 22512 13 Th. Rampur 3854 1452 780 15595 Total 200070 147449 11814 236272

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

Fig. 2.3.1.: Block wise distribution of irrigated and rainfed area in Kalahandi District.

Fig. 2.3.2.: Block wise distribution of percentage of NIA and GIA to NSA and TCA in Kalahandi District.

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

Chapter -III: Water Availability

The source of water for irrigation can include surface water sources, groundwater sources, and other agricultural and industrial process wastewaters. The status of water availability varies over season and quantity depends on different type of irrigation sources in Kalahandi district (Table 3.1). Water obtained for surface irrigation from canal through major and medium irrigation projects, minor irrigation tanks, through lift irrigation and from many other perennial sources. Ground water obtained only from open wells and deep tube wells. While transporting irrigation water from the source to the field, the major concern should be to minimize the conveyance loss, to achieve high irrigation efficiency and switch more area from rainfed to irrigation.

3.1 Status of Water Availability

The irrigation potential created and status of water availability under different type of irrigation sources in Kalahandi district is presented in table 3.1a and table 3.1b.

Table 3.1a: Irrigation potential created under different sources in Kalahandi district

Irrigation Potential Kharif Rabi ('000 ha) ('000 ha) Maj & Med (ending 03/2015) 110.500 68.082 Minor flow (ending 03/2015) 36.859 5.253 LI Point 24.681 14.430 Deep Bore Well 14.395 3.316 ** Other Sources (ending 03/2014) 21.821 21.032 *** Other Sources Jalanidhi - I & II during 2014-15 by Agri. Dept. & OAIC 1.315 0.180 Total 110.500 68.082 321.864

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

Table 3.1b: Irrigation potential created in the Kalahandi district upto March,2015.

Table 3.1.1: Different sources of water availability in Kalahandi district (ha) S. No Source Kharif Rabi Summer Total 1 Surface Irrigation i. Canal (Major & Medium 87284 70393 157677 Irrigation) - ii. Minor Irrigation tanks 23901 4600 28501 - iii. Lift Irrigation / Diversion 23342 22476 45818 - iv. Various Water Bodies including 35652.95 10289.85 970 46912.8 Rain Water Harvesting v. Treated Effluent Received from - - - - STP vi Untreated Effluent - - - - vii. Perennial Source of Water - - - - Sub-total 170179.95 107758.9 970 278908.8 2 Ground Water 1120 2801 - 3921 i. Open Well - ii. Deep Tube Well - iii. Medium Tube Well - - - - iv. Shallow Tube Wells 6734 6734 3800 17268 Sub-total 7854 9535 3800 21189 Total 178034 117294 4770 300098 (Source: CWC, CGWB, District Irrigation and Agriculture office records)

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

Fig. 3.1.1: Different source of surface irrigation during Kharif and Rabi

Fig.3.1.2: Ground water irrigation during Kharif and Rabi

 The total area irrigated from surface irrigation and ground water is about 300097.8 ha in Kalahandi district out of which 178033.95 ha (59.3 %), 117293.85 ha (39.1%) and 4770 ha (1.6 %) are irrigated during kharif, Rabi and summer, respectively.

 Maximum area under surface irrigation is covered from Canal (Major & Medium Irrigation) during Kharif season (87284 ha, about 31 %) and during Rabi (70393ha, about 25 %) of the total area under surface irrigation.

 Area irrigated through ground water is available only from open well and Bore well during all season. Maximum area irrigated is from bore well with 6734 ha, 6734ha, 3800 ha during Kharif, Rabi and Summer, respectively.

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

3.2 Status of Ground Water Availability

Table 3.2: Block wise status of ground water availability in Kalahandi district

Status of Block as per Central Ground Water Ground Water (BCM) commission Name of Block Critical Semi- Safe Draft Recharge Gap critical Bhawanipatna - - Safe 0.02063 0.06412 0.04349

Dharmagarh - - Safe 0.01052 0.05355 0.04303

Golamunda - - Safe 0.0146 0.06208 0.04748

Jaipatna - - Safe 0.00714 0.04761 0.04047

Junagarh - - Safe 0.01472 0.09686 0.08214

Kalampur - - Safe 0.00645 0.03044 0.02399

Karlamunda - - Safe 0.00559 0.04965 0.04406

Kesinga - - Safe 0.01725 0.05365 0.0364

Koksara - - Safe 0.01251 0.08691 0.0744

Lanjigarh - - Safe 0.00816 0.05481 0.04665

M.Rampur - - Safe 0.01016 0.0391 0.02894

Narla - - Safe 0.01549 0.04797 0.03248

Th.Rampur - - Safe 0.00609 0.06236 0.05627

Total 0.07592 0.50306 0.42714

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

Fig. 3.2.1: Status of Ground Water Availability in Kalahandi district

 Total ground water recharge in different blocks of Kalahandi district is 0.74911 BCM out of which, the draft is only 0.13852 BCM (18.5 %) thereby generating a gap of 0.61059 BCM (81.5 %).

 Ground water draft varies only in the range of 9.5-29.6 % and gap in the range of 70.7-90.5 % of the ground water recharge in different blocks of Kalahandi (Table 3.2 and Fig 3.2.1).

 Maximum (0.0969 BCM) and minimum (0.0304 BCM) ground water recharge were found in Junagarh and Kalampur block, respectively.

 Maximum (0.0189 BCM) and minimum (0.0051 BCM) ground water draft were found in Bhawanipatna and Karlamunda block, respectively.

 Maximum (0.0833 BCM) and minimum (0.0243 BCM) ground water gap in utilization were found in Junagarh and Kalampur block, respectively.

 However, all the blocks were found in very much ground water gap in utilization in Kalahandi district showing an enormous scope of ground water utilization.

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

3.3 Status of Command Area

Table 3.3: Status of command area in Kalahandi district, in Odisha ( Area in ha) S. Name of the Information of Canal Command Information on the other Services Total Area No. Block Command Total Area Developed Undeveloped Total Area Developed Undeveloped Developed Undeveloped Area Area Area Area Area Area 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4+7 5+8 1 Golamunda 41471 2067 39404 7219 4179 3040 6246 42444 2 Dharmagarh 30307 14424 15883 3596 1656 1940 16080 17823 3 Junagarh 49717 37282 12435 6217 3137 3080 40419 15515 4 Koksara 30711 6670 24041 3958 1458 2500 8128 26541 5 Jaypatna 48505 14955 33550 2956 1316 1640 16271 35190 6 Kalampur 20231 10827 9404 3066 2066 1000 12893 10404 7 Th.Rampur 21290 142 21148 1280 120 1160 262 22308 8 Lanjigarh 29961 2522 27439 3843 1503 2340 4025 29779 9 Bhawanipatna 56662 2716 53946 10031 5591 4440 8307 58386 10 Kesinga 37497 4687 32810 7724 4544 3180 9231 35990 11 Karlamunda 21644 8307 13337 3736 2016 1720 10323 15057 12 M.Rampur 24216 1976 22240 8202 4162 4040 6138 26280 13 Narla 45182 4610 40572 6732 3812 2920 8422 43492 Total 457394 111185 346209 68560 35560 33000 146745 379209 Source: CADA, CGWB

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

Fig. 3.3.1: Status of Command Area in Kalahandi district

 Block wise information of canal command and on the other services command is given in table 3.3 for the Kalahandi district.  Total developed command area is 146745 ha (28%) and undeveloped command area is 379209 ha (72%) in the district.  Total canal command area is 457394 ha out of which only 37282 ha (24%) is developed and 346209 ha (76%) is undeveloped.  Maximum developed canal command area is found in Junagarh and minimum in Th. Rampur block.  Maximum undeveloped canal command area is found in Bhawanipatna and minimum in Kalampur block.  Total canal command area from other sources is 68650 ha out of which 35560 ha (52 %) is developed and 33000 ha (48%) is undeveloped.  Maximum developed command area from other sources is found in Bhawanipatna (5591 ha) and minimum in Th. Rampur (120 ha) block.  Maximum undeveloped command area from other sources is found in M.Rampur (4440 ha) and minimum in Kalampur (1000 ha) block.  Maximum developed command area from canal and other sources found in Junagarh (40419 ha) and minimum in Th.Rampur (262ha) block.  Maximum undeveloped command area from canal and other sources found in Bhawanipatna (58386 ha) and minimum in Kalampur (10404 ha) block.

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

 Block wise irrigation infrastructure for surface irrigation through canal command, Tanks/Ponds/Reservoirs, extraction of ground water through government and private private tube well, open well and bore well, other irrigation sources including Water harvesting structure and Water extraction devices for the Kalahandi district is given in table 3.4.

 Among the existing type of irrigation systems in Kalahandi district, the total area of surface irrigation through government and Community/Pvt. Canal are 87284 and 46127 ha respectively. Only seven blocks are having govt canal based surface irrigation facility whereas all the blocks are having the private canal surface irrigation facility.

 There are 3547 community ponds irrigating an area of 16932 ha, 5285 Individual/private pond irrigating an area of 2643 ha and 19 government reservoirs irrigating an area of 672 ha in the district.

 From the ground water source, the irrigation existing is only through private open wells (12,595 nos. irrigating 6734 ha) and govt. and private bore wells.

 There are 1900 govt. Bore well irrigating an area of 3800 ha and 1477 private bore wells irrigating an area of 2954 ha.

 Total area irrigated from all source of irrigation is 167145 ha in the entire district.

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

Chapter IV: Water Requirement /Demand Water is required for domestic, agricultural, hydro-power, thermal power, navigation, recreation, industries, etc. With a growing population and rising needs of a fast developing in all sectors as well as the given indications of the impact of climate change, availability of utilizable water will be under further strain in future with the possibility of deepening water stress and conflicting situation among different user groups. Low consciousness about the scarcity of water and its life sustaining and economic value results in its mismanagement, wastage, and inefficient use, as also pollution and reduction of flows below minimum ecological needs. In addition, there are inequities in distribution and lack of a unified perspective in planning, management and use of water resources. This section presents the water demands for various purposes like domestic, agriculture, livestock, commercial industries, other major scale industries, power generation etc during current situation and projected demand for 2025. 4.1: Domestic Water Demand Domestic water demand was assessed based on the rural and urban population water needs for drinking and other domestic purposes. Present water demand for domestic purpose was estimated by considering the water requirement per capita @ 60 and 80 lpd water for rural and urban population, respectively. The projected estimate for 2025 is made by considering the water demand @ 100 and 135 lpd for rural and urban population, respectively. The population at 2025 is estimated by considering the cumulative growth of 21% from the base year of 2011. Block wise domestic water demand for rural, urban and total population wise is presented in table 4.1.  The increase of population over 14 years (2011-2025) is nearly 21% (Figure 4.1.1), but the domestic water demand seems to be double during this period (Figure 4.1.2).  Total domestic water demand during 2025 will be 0.065093 BCM, whereas the present demand is 0.032272 BCM.  Among the blocks, Bhawanipatna has the highest domestic water demand, followed by Junagarh, Dharmagarh, Jaipatna and Golamunda. The least domestic water demand was there in Karlamunda block (Figure 4.1.2).  To ensure domestic water supply, along with the quantity we have to ensure the water quality.

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

 Roof top rain water harvesting will be a viable alternate (Priority will go down from Government buildings to individual household).

Table 4.1: Domestic Water Demand of Kalahandi district GWD GWD Block Population 2011 Population 2025 District Block Name 2011 2025 code Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total (BCM) (BCM) Golamunda 260 129499 0 129499 156694 0 156694 0.002836 0.005719 Dharamagarh 261 139359 0 139359 168624 0 168624 0.003052 0.006155 Junagarh 262 173660 0 173660 210129 0 210129 0.003803 0.007670 Koksara 263 119304 0 119304 144358 0 144358 0.002613 0.005269 Jaipatna 264 124569 6155 130724 150728 7448 158176 0.002908 0.005869 Kalampur 265 60075 0 60075 72691 0 72691 0.001316 0.002653 Th. Rampur Kalahandi 266 77840 0 77840 94186 0 94186 0.001705 0.003438 Lanjigarh 267 93179 0 93179 112747 0 112747 0.002041 0.004115 Bhawanipatna 268 170527 0 170527 206338 0 206338 0.003735 0.007531 Kesinga 269 115828 0 115828 140152 0 140152 0.002537 0.005116 Karlamunda 270 57418 0 57418 69476 0 69476 0.001257 0.002536 M. Rampur 271 72632 7892 80524 87885 9549 97434 0.001821 0.003679 Narla 272 120992 0 120992 146400 0 146400 0.002650 0.005344 Total 1454882 14047 1468929 1760407 16997 1777404 0.032272 0.065093

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

4.2: Crop Water Demand Crop water demand was calculated based on the average water requirement of major cereals, pulses, oilseeds, vegetables, spices & condiments and sugarcane crops multiplied by the present and future irrigated area for that particular crop. Existing crop water potential required is estimated after meeting domestic + livestock and industrial water demand. Ultimate water potential to be created is estimated at different scenario of 10 to 90% of the crop sown area to be brought under irrigation and assuming average 40% field application efficiency of irrigation water. Water potential to be created at different scenario is arrived by subtracting existing water potential from the ultimate crop water potential to be created at different scenarios.

 The current crop water demand is estimated to be 2.215 BCM and major crops groups are cereals and oilseeds (Table 4.2).  The existing water potential is 1.060 BCM and the existing water potential available for crops after meeting the demand of domestic, livestock and industries comes down to 0.988 BCM.  Present crop water demand is highest for cereals (60%) followed by oilseeds (15%) and fibre crops (7%) (Figure 4.2.1).  Ultimate crop water potential (UCWP) to be created under different scenario varied from 1.259 to 11.328 BCM from 10 to 90% of the crop sown area to be irrigated (Figure 4.2.2).  Similarly, water potential to be created at different scenario varied from 0.920 to 10.990 BCM.  Crop water demand during 2025 will be like cereals (71%) followed by other crops like sugarcane (16%) and pulses (6%).  Vegetables, pulses and oilseeds need priority for additional water.

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

Table 4.2: Crop water requirement of Kalahandi district

mand mand

2011

demand

scinarios

irrigated)

Crops

Area sown sown Area

Irrigated area Irrigated

after Domestic+ after Domestic+

to be created (% of (% created to be

created at different different at created

Crop water de Crop water

Livestock+ Industry Industry Livestock+

Water potential to be to be Water potential

Crop sown area to be be to area Crop sown

Crop water demand demand Crop water

Existing water potential water Existing potential water Existing

Ultimate water potential potential water Ultimate ha ha mm BCM

10% 25% 50% 75% 90% 10% 25% 50% 75% 90% Any other B C D E F G H I Cereals 257437 162568 1000 1.626 0.224 0.191 0.644 1.609 3.218 4.827 5.792 0.452 1.418 3.027 4.636 5.601 Coarse cereals 21575 5716 450 0.026 0.009 0.008 0.024 0.061 0.121 0.182 0.218 0.016 0.053 0.114 0.174 0.211 Pulses 182151 19823 500 0.099 0.005 0.004 0.228 0.569 1.138 1.708 2.049 0.223 0.565 1.134 1.703 2.045 Oilseeds 48390 8615 500 0.043 0.057 0.049 0.060 0.151 0.302 0.454 0.544 0.012 0.102 0.254 0.405 0.496 Fibre crops 45411 0 1000 0.000 0.025 0.022 0.114 0.284 0.568 0.851 1.022 0.092 0.262 0.546 0.830 1.000 Horticulture 26678 8545 1450 0.063 0.050 0.043 0.054 0.135 0.270 0.405 0.486 0.011 0.092 0.227 0.362 0.443 Any other 90049 59767 600 0.359 0.025 0.022 0.135 0.338 0.675 1.013 1.216 0.114 0.316 0.654 0.992 1.194 Total 7E+05 265034 5500 2.215 1.060 0.988 1.259 3.147 6.293 9.440 11.328 0.920 2.808 5.955 9.102 10.990

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

 Sugarcane is being cultivated with full irrigation now, therefore no need to create the additional water potential for the crop.  Crop water demand for different blocks of Kalahandi district will be in the following order: Junagarh > Jaipatna > Dharampur > Kalampur > Koksara > Golamunda > Bhawanipatna > Kesinga > Narla > Karlamunda > M. Rampur > Langigarh > Th. Rampur (Figure 4.2.3).  Cop water potential to be created to meet the demand for different blocks of Nabrangpur district will be in the following order: Junagarh > Jaipatna > Dharampur > Kalampur > Koksara > Golamunda > Bhawanipatna > Kesinga > Narla > Karlamunda > M. Rampur > Langigarh > Th. Rampur.  Instead of creating additional water potential, emphasis needs to be given to increase the storage, conveyance and application efficiency.  Micro irrigation systems may be developed.  Availability of higher surface water in the district warrant the need for a better water distribution mechanism.

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

4.3: Livestock Water Demand Livestock water demand has been calculated based on the number of poultry and various animals multiplied by their daily water demand. Projected livestock population is estimated by assuming the growth rate of 5% upto 2025. The daily water demand for poultry and various domestic animals are as follows: Poultry and Duck - 0.35 l lpd; Pig – 8 l lpd; Goat and Sheep – 6 l lpd; Cow and Buffalo – 75 lpd.  Total livestock and poultry water demand during 2025 will be 0.008819157 BCM, whereas the present demand is 0.008399187 BCM.  Livestock and poultry water demand during 2025 will be higher for cow and buffalo (93%) followed by goat (4%) and sheep (2%).  Like domestic water development, for livestock also potable water is needed. Hence, roof top rainwater harvesting will be crucial.

Table 4.3: Livestock water potential of Kalahandi district Existing Block Livestock water demand (BCM) Water potential water District to be created potential Code Name 2011 2025 (BCM) (BCM) 260 Golamunda 0.00092 0.00097 0.04935 -0.04838 261 Dharamagarh 0.00044 0.00047 0.11452 -0.11405 262 Junagarh 0.00085 0.00090 0.25816 -0.25726 263 Koksara 0.00087 0.00091 0.06244 -0.06153 264 Jaipatna 0.00065 0.00068 0.09578 -0.09510 265 Kalampur 0.00026 0.00027 0.07604 -0.07577 Kalahandi 266 Th. Rampur 0.00124 0.00131 0.00774 -0.00644 267 Lanjigarh 0.00085 0.00089 0.04042 -0.03953 268 Bhawanipatna 0.00142 0.00149 0.05991 -0.05841 269 Kesinga 0.00090 0.00094 0.06030 -0.05935 270 Karlamunda 0.00053 0.00056 0.06565 -0.06509 271 M. Rampur 0.00069 0.00072 0.04016 -0.03944 272 Narla 0.00082 0.00086 0.06491 -0.06405 Total 0.008399197 0.008819157 0.00840 0.00882

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

4.4: Industrial Water Demand The industry has been divided into two types: (a) essential commercial industry like types, hotels, hospitals, lodges, schools, offices etc. and (b) Specialized industry. In Kalahandi district, only one specialized industry (M/S Sesa Steralite Industried Ltd.) exists and its present water demand is 0.0205747 BCM. This demand will increase to 0.022632 BCM during 2025. The water demand for essential commercial industries has been calculated as the 15% of domestic water demand. Table 4.4 Industrial water demand of Kalahandi district Existing water Water potential Name of the Water demand (BCM) Block potential to be created Industry 2011 2025 (BCM) (BCM) Golamunda 0.000425 0.000858 0.048384 -0.047526 Dharamagarh 0.000458 0.000923 0.114050 -0.113127 Junagarh 0.000570 0.001150 0.257261 -0.256111 Koksara Industry of 0.000392 0.000790 0.061531 -0.060740 Jaipatna different 0.000436 0.000880 0.095102 -0.094221 Kalampur types, 0.000197 0.000398 0.075767 -0.075369 hotels, Th. Rampur 0.000256 0.000516 0.006435 -0.005920 hospitals, Lanjigarh lodges, 0.000306 0.000617 0.039527 -0.038910 Bhawanipatna schools, 0.000560 0.001130 0.058415 -0.057285 Kesinga offices etc. 0.000380 0.000767 0.059355 -0.058587 Karlamunda 0.000189 0.000380 0.065093 -0.064712 M. Rampur 0.000273 0.000552 0.039444 -0.038892 Narla 0.000397 0.000802 0.064046 -0.063245 Total (BCM) 0.0039816 0.003982 0.008030 0.813685 *If water potential to be created is negative indicates surplus availability of water resource

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

 The present water demand by the essential commercial industries in the district is 0.0039816 BCM and this demand will increase to 0.0080302 BCM during 2025.  For sustainable development and establishment and growth of any industry, there should be provision of developing the ground water resources for industrial purposes.  They also need to make huge amount of rain water harvesting using appropriate technologies. 4.5: Water Demand for Power Generation Not applicable for the Kalahandi district. 4.6 Total Water Demand of the District for Various sectors Total water demand for various purposes is presented in table 4.6 for present and for 2025.

Table 4.6: Total water demand of the district for various sector Components for 2011 (In BCM) Components for 2025 (In BCM) Block Domestic Crop Livestock Industrial Total Domestic Crop Livestock Industrial Total Golamunda 0.00284 0.04753 0.00092 0.00043 0.05171 0.00572 0.30245 0.00097 0.00086 0.30999 Dharamagarh 0.00305 0.04753 0.00044 0.00046 0.05148 0.00615 0.85585 0.00047 0.00092 0.86340 Junagarh 0.00380 0.25611 0.00085 0.00057 0.26134 0.00767 1.59111 0.00090 0.00115 1.60083 Koksara 0.00261 0.06074 0.00087 0.00039 0.06461 0.00527 0.33361 0.00091 0.00079 0.34058 Jaipatna 0.00291 0.09422 0.00065 0.00044 0.09821 0.00587 1.01697 0.00068 0.00088 1.02440 Kalampur 0.00132 0.07537 0.00026 0.00020 0.07714 0.00265 0.59524 0.00027 0.00040 0.59856 Th. Rampur 0.00170 0.00592 0.00124 0.00026 0.00912 0.00344 0.09213 0.00131 0.00052 0.09739 Lanjigarh 0.00204 0.03891 0.00085 0.00031 0.04210 0.00412 0.12779 0.00089 0.00062 0.13341 Bhawanipatna 0.00373 0.05729 0.00142 0.00056 0.06300 0.00753 0.29729 0.00149 0.00113 0.30744 Kesinga 0.00254 0.05859 0.00090 0.00038 0.06240 0.00512 0.28604 0.00094 0.00077 0.29287 Karlamunda 0.00126 0.06471 0.00053 0.00019 0.06669 0.00254 0.23598 0.00056 0.00038 0.23945 M. Rampur 0.00182 0.03889 0.00069 0.00027 0.04167 0.00368 0.15101 0.00072 0.00055 0.15596 Narla 0.00265 0.06324 0.00082 0.00040 0.06711 0.00534 0.28062 0.00086 0.00080 0.28763 Total 0.02654 0.74220 0.00840 0.00398 0.78112 0.05353 5.49848 0.00882 0.00803 5.56887

 At present, crop water demand is highest i.e. 95% of total water demand, followed by domestic demand (3%).  During 2025, the crop water demand will increase to nearly 99 % of total water demand.  We have to reduce this demand by increasing the efficiency of water storage, conveyance and application.  This entire thing indicating that there will be more pressure on groundwater resources.

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

4.7: Water Budget Block wise water budget has been estimated based on existing water availability, water demand during 2011 and 2025 and water gap during 2011 and 2025. Details are presented in Table 4.7. Table 4.7: Block wise water budget of Kalahandi district Existing water availability Water demand Blocks Water gap (BCM)* (BCM) Total (BCM) (BCM) Surface water Ground water 2011 2025 2011 2025 Golamunda 0.04181 0.01326 0.05507 0.05171 0.30999 -0.00336 0.25492 Dharamagarh 0.11064 0.01003 0.12067 0.05148 0.86340 -0.06919 0.74273 Junagarh 0.25223 0.01360 0.26583 0.26134 1.60083 -0.00449 1.33500 Koksara 0.05590 0.01181 0.06771 0.06461 0.34058 -0.00310 0.27287 Jaipatna 0.09502 0.00663 0.10165 0.09821 1.02440 -0.00344 0.92274 Kalampur 0.07258 0.00611 0.07869 0.07714 0.59856 -0.00155 0.51987 Th. Rampur 0.00524 0.00594 0.01118 0.00912 0.09739 -0.00206 0.08621 Lanjigarh 0.03650 0.00803 0.04453 0.04210 0.13341 -0.00243 0.08888 Bhawanipatna 0.04857 0.01887 0.06744 0.06300 0.30744 -0.00444 0.24001 Kesinga 0.04967 0.01574 0.06541 0.06240 0.29287 -0.00301 0.22746 Karlamunda 0.06307 0.00512 0.06819 0.06669 0.23945 -0.00150 0.17127 M. Rampur 0.03468 0.00916 0.04384 0.04167 0.15596 -0.00217 0.11211 Narla 0.05603 0.01422 0.07025 0.06711 0.28763 -0.00314 0.21738 Total 0.76816 0.11002 0.87818 0.78112 5.56887 -0.09706 4.69069 *If water gap negative indicates surpus water is available

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

 Lowest groundwater is available in the Karlamunda block (4% of total groundwater), whereas highest groundwater is available in Bhawanipatna block (14%).

 Nearly 80% of the groundwater resources are available in six blocks (Junagarh, Koksara, Golamunda, Kesinga, Narla, and Bhawanipatna); whereas other seven blocks holds only 20% of the available groundwater.  Lowest surface water is available in the Th. Rampur block (0.7% of total surface water), whereas highest surface water is available in Junagarh block (32.8%).  More than 60% of the surface water resources are available in three blocks (Junagarh, Dharmagarh and Jaipatna).

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

 In case of total water resource is concerned, lowest water is available in the Th. Rampur block (1.6% of total water), whereas highest water is available again in the Junagarh block (30.3.2%).  Available surface water resource (0.768161 BCM) is nearly seven times higher than total groundwater resource (0.110021 BCM).  More than 55% of the total water resources are available in three blocks (Junagarh, Dharmagarh and Jaipatna).

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

 At present there is little excess water (0.09706 BCM) available in the district. But to meet the demand of 2025 under various scenarios the district has to create additional water potential of 0.92, 2.81, 5.96, 9.10 and 10.99 BCM.

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

Chapter V: Strategic Action Plan for Irrigation in Kalahandi District under PMKSY

The strategic action plan aims to provide irrigation to the rainfed farming systems in the blocks of Kalahandi district. The district is having nearly 66.6% of the total cultivated area is rainfed and subjected to high risk of production due to drought and other climatic variability. This is threatening to the livelihood security of rural mass and weakening the socio-economic conditions leading to instability in socio-political conditions in the district. In view of these, providing assured and/or protective source of water for irrigation and to overcome the drought like situation through integrated approach under PMKSY is proposed in this section by involving inter developmental departments and other local institutions in the district. The percent irrigated area to the total cropped area of the district is 33.4% with huge gap between the ultimate irrigation potential and the present net irrigated area. There is wide variation in term of irrigation development among the blocks and it varied from 12.28 % to a maximum of 71.9% of the total cropped area is under irrigation. To address this inequality in irrigation development in the district, the blocks have been prioritized into high and low priority blocks for the irrigation development under PMKSY. The strategic approach is planned and proposed to bring the high priority blocks to at least 50% of the area net sown area under irrigation. To achieve objectives, PMKSY will strategize by focusing on end-to end solution in irrigation supply chain, viz., water sources, distribution network, efficient farm level applications, extension services on new technologies & information etc. Strategies and approach followed in preparation of DIP is detailed in section A.1.4 of this report.

5.1 Prioritization of Blocks for Strategic Action Plan The detailed strategic plan of Kalahandi District has been prepared based on prioritizing the blocks. Blocks are grouped into high and low priority blocks based on NSA, percent of NSA under irrigation, ST/SC population, and percent of wastelands and stage of GWD etc. Apart from these, ranks given by Officers from the participating Department are also considered and priority blocks are finalized in consultation with the various departments. The perspective plan provides strategic road map for implementation of component wise planned activities of PMSKY

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha in a holistic approach for increasing area under irrigation. This also provides a strategic direction for development and management of rainfed area in the District and scope for improvements of livelihoods of the rural community through minimizing failure of crops due to rainfall variability.

The prioritized blocks are presented below

Ministries and Components wise under PMKSY, the participating inter departments are grouped and block priority wise weight age has been assigned. Based on these strategies, the participating departments prepared the holistic plan for each block considering the strength and needs of the blocks in achieving the irrigation potential in respective blocks. Components wise Priority for High & Low Priority Blocks is presented below.

5.2 About Participating Departments The list of participating departments is presented in annexure 5.1 and approved DLIC is presented in annexure 5.2.

District Irrigation Plan of Kalahandi, Odisha

5.3 Irrigation Projects The District has the following irrigation projects covering different blocks which are included in the plan particularly under AIBP components of the PMKSY (Table 5.3.1 to 5.3.3).

Table 5.3.1: List of New Irrigation Projects in Kalahandi District to be Taken-up under AIBP S. No. Name of Name of Name of the Project Ayacut Potential Funds Constituency Block in ha to be Required for created completion (ha) (Rs. In Crore) 1 Lanjigarh Jaipatna Jariguma M.I.P 528 528 2,112.00 2 Bhawanipatna Kalahandi Salapali 120 120 480.00 3 Dharmagada Koksara Mandasil 534 534 2,136.00 4 Lanjigada Lanjigada Gonten 111 111 444.00 5 Narla M. Rampur Kodel 48 48 192.00 6 Narla Narla Siripur 250 250 1,000.00 7 Narla Narla Suding 320 320 1,280.00 8 Narla Narla Rekhapur 130 130 520.00 9 Lanjigada Th. Rampur Bismagiri 220 220 880.00 Total 2,261 2,261 9,044.00

Table 5.3.2: New Medium Irrigation Projects in Kalahandi District to be completed during 2016-17 to 2020-21

Name of the Name of the Name of the project Type of CCA (Ha) Tentative Cost( in Crore) Basin/River District the Civil works CADA Total Project Ret - 0.085/201 0.0978 500.00 500.0 Upper Sandul barrage - Kalahandi Indrabati 0.5/270

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5.4 State Irrigation Plan/Schemes The following state irrigation plan / schemes are being implemented:

 Schemes / Programmes implemented for Irrigation  RIDF- Rural Infrastructure Development Fund  BKVY- Biju Krishak Vikash Yojna  JICA- Japan International Co-Operation Agency  OIIAWMIP- Odisha Integrated irrigated Agriculture and water Management Investment Programm.  DRIP- Dam Rehabilitation and Improvement Project  CDCP- Check Dam Construction Programme  DBIP – Deep Bore well Irrigation Programme  RR &R- Repair, Renovation , Restoration of water bodies.  MCP – Megalift Construction Programme  CLSRP- Canal Lining and System Rehabilitation Programme  Externally aided project  JICA- Japan International Co-Operation Agency  OIIAWMIP- Odisha Integrated irrigated Agriculture and water Management Investment  Programme  OCTMP- Odisha Community Tank Management Project

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5.5 Strategic Action Plan Strategic action plan of Kalahandi district is prepared and presented in two sections viz., short term strategic action plan (STSAP) and long term strategic action plan (LTSAP). STSAP has been prepared for five years starting from 2016-17 to 2020-2021 considering all the components of PMKSY and SIPs. On the other hand to bring the left out rainfed area to assured and protective irrigation, LTSAP has been prepared considering major/medium/minor irrigation plans under AIBP and activities under HKKP covering mainly lift irrigation projects are included in the district covering over a period of 20 years. Depending on availability of funds and ground realities, theses plans will be executed by the DLIC in the district. Short and long term strategic action plans are presented and discussed in section 5.5.1 and 5.5.2, respectively.

5.5.1 Short Term Strategic Action Plan under PMKSY

Short term strategic action plan under PMKSY is prepared by considering the all components of PMKSY and including SIPs over a period of five years. This action plan starts from the year 2016-17 to 2020-21 for the period of five years.

Block wise and component wise strategic action for all the blocks of Kalahandi is presented in table 5.5.1abc through 5.5.13abc. Block Wise Consolidated Strategic Plan under PMKSY + SIP+ Other Schemes in Kalahandi District is presented in table 5.5.14

 The total estimated budget (Rs. 1717.777 crore) of the district for all components is distributed among the blocks with maximum of Rs 247.911 crore (14.432 %) for Kesinga block followed by Narla (Rs.231.944 crore, 13.5 %) and Karlamunda block (Rs.208.315 crore, 12.13%). The blocks like Kalampur and Koksara blocks are allocated minimum budget of Rs 23.647 (1.37 %) and 67.22 (3.91%) crore, respectively (Figure 5.5.1 to 5.5.2).

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The following abbreviations are used in the block wise and component wise strategic action plans tables Abbreviation

Major irrigation : MI Medium Irrigation : Md-I Surface Minor Irrigation : SMI Lift Irrigation : LI Ground Water Development : GWD RRR of Water Bodies : RRR-WB Lined Field Channels : LFC Unlined Channels : UC Micro-Irrigation : MIr DPAP Drip : DPAP-D DPAP Sprinkler : DPAP-S Non-DPAP Drip : N-DPAP-D Non-DPAP Sprinkler : N-DPAP-S Topping of MGNREGA : T-MGNREGA Drought proofing through check dams/WHS : DP-CD/WHS Renovation of Check dams : RCD Renovation of Water bodies : RWB Secondary Storage Structures : SSS On Farm Development (distribution pipe/Raised bed and furrow system etc.): OFD Farm Pond : FP Check dam : CD Nalla Bunds : NB Percolation Tanks : PT Other Ground Water Recharge Structure : O-GWRS Fishery Ponds/cattle ponds : FP/CP Water Conservation : WC Water Harvesting : WH Creation of Irrigation canals and Drains : CIC/D Providing Infrastructure for Irrigation : P-II Land development : LD Renovation of Water Bodies including desilting : R-WB Renovation and maintenance of irrigation Canals and Drains of Water Bodies: RM-IC/DWB Drip/ sprinkler/BOREWELL/MICRO CHECK DAM/RIVER LIFT: D/ S/B/MCD/R

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5.5.1.1 Component Wise Consolidated Short Term Strategic Action Plan

 Component wise consolidated short term strategic action plan for different blocks of Kalahandi district is given in Table 5.5.15 to 5.5.21.  Under Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme, some major, medium and surface minor irrigation projects proposed in different blocks of the district covering an additional area of 15761 ha to be irrigated. The total estimated budget under AIBP is Rs. 551.489 crore distributed in ten blocks. Out of the total budget, only Rs 181.929 crore (32.99 %) is planned during first three years and remaining budget of 369.56 crore (67.01 %) allocated during fourth and fifth year (Fig.5.5.4).  Under the component Har khet ko pani, a total of Rs 388.2 crore are proposed covering an additional area of 18354 ha to be brought under irrigation for the entire district during 5 years. The number of projects/structures are well distributed among the blocks with maximum in Bhawanipatna (250) followed by Kesinga (194) and Nalra (184) and minimum in Th. Rampur (61) block. However, maximum area covered under irrigation in Narla (4277 ha) and Kesinga (2529 ha) block where as maximum budget allocated in Narla (Rs.70.94crore) followed by Dharmagarh (Rs.69.62 crore) (Fig.5.5.5).  Under the component Per drop more crop (Micro Irrigation), drip and sprinkler irrigation are the major activities selected with an estimated budget of Rs 13.44 crore for the entire district covering an area of 3250 ha. This micro irrigation programmes may covers already existing irrigated area and also newly created irrigation area. By assuming average water saving of 20% and this saved water may provide additional water source for about 650 ha. The budget as well as area to be covered distribute uniformly among all blocks.  Under the component Per drop more crop (Supplementary Water Management activities), convergence of MGNREGA, Drought proofing through check dams/Water Harvesting Structures, creation of secondary storage structure, On farm development (distribution pipe/Raised bed and furrow system etc.) etc. are proposed with a total budget estimate of Rs 92.16 crore for the district to cover an area of 6109 ha current irrigated and newly created area for irrigation. By assuming average water saving of 20% and this saved water may provide additional water source for irrigating about 1222 ha. Out of 13 blocks, this activity is proposed only in nine blocks (Fig.5.5.6).  Different activities (new and renovated) like farm pond, Check dam, Nalla bund, Percolation tank, Ground Water Recharge Structure, Fishery Ponds/cattle ponds are planned under

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PMKSY Watershed with a budget outlay of Rs.65.0 core. The total area to be treated is 6488 ha out of which maximum area (1331 ha, 20.5% of the total area to be treated in the district) proposed in Koksara block followed by M.Rampur block (1196.0 ha, 18.43%) (Fig.5.5.7). The main purpose of these structures is to harvest and store rainwater for ground water recharge and to provide protective irrigation to the crops. By assuming, 10% of the treated area may get protective irrigation source during kharif or rabi season and it workout to 649 ha.  Convergence of MGNREGA for different activities like water conservation, water harvesting, creation of irrigation canals and drains, infrastructure for irrigation and land development are proposed in all blocks of the district with a budget outlay of Rs.354.57 core (Fig.5.5.8).  Different state department schemes like Major irrigation, medium irrigation, Surface irrigation, Drip/ sprinkler/Bore well/Micro check dam/river lift and other loan projects are planned with an estimated budget of Rs.253.0 crore for all the blocks of the district. (Fig.5.5.9).

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5.5.1.2 Block Wise and Components Wise Total Estimated Cost under Short Term Strategic Action Plan

Block wise and components wise total estimated cost under short term strategic action plan in Kalahandi District is presented in table 5.5.22.

 AIBP component accounts for 32.1% (Rs. 551.489 crore) of the total estimated budget for the district in order to cover the ongoing major, medium and minor irrigation projects in only eight blocks of Kalahandi districts.

 HKKP components accounts for 22.6% (Rs. 388.16 crore) of the total budget to provide irrigation through various minor and lift irrigation to the different blocks of the district.

 The remaining components of PMKSY accounts for 30.57% of the total estimated budget which is further allocated by 20.64% (Rs. 354.57 crore) under Convergence of MGNREGA followed by 5.37 % (Rs.92.16 crore) to per drop more crop (SWM), 3.78% (Rs. 65.0 crore) to PMKSY- watershed and 0.78% (13.44 crore) under per drop more crop (Micro- irrigation).

 Apart from PMKSY, state irrigation plan/schemes accounts for only 14.73 % (Rs. 252.958 crore) of the total estimated budget under Short Term Strategic Action Plan.

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5.5.1.3 Block Wise and Components Wise Irrigation Potential to be Developed

Block wise irrigation potential to be created under PMKSY through short term strategic plan is presented in table 5.5.23. A total of 54,332 ha is proposed to create irrigation potential under PMKSY which is 13.64% of the present total rainfed area and 27.15% of the present area under irrigation. Maximum irrigation potential planned through HKKP (18354 ha, 34%) followed by AIBP (15,761 ha, 29%), SIP (13,729 ha, 25%) and through watershed activities (6,488 ha, 12%) (Table 5.5.23 and Figure 5.5.10). Among the blocks, maximum irrigation potential is planned in Narla (12,129 ha, 22.3%) followed by Kesinga (9,981 ha, 18.37%), Bhawanipatna (6,396 ha, 11.8%) and Golamunda (5,786 ha, 10.7%). Whereas, Kalampur (780 ha,1.44%), Junagarh (1008 ha,1.85%) and Th. Rampur (1174 ha, 2.16% blocks least irrigation potential is planned (Figure 5.5.11).

Table 5.5.23: Total Irrigation Potential to be Created under PMKSY in Kalahandi District (Area in ha) S.No Blocks AIBP HHKP PMKSY- SIP Total of all WS schemes 1 Golamunda 0 1528 879 3379 5786 2 Dharmagarh 0 763 619 321 1703 3 Junagarh 0 610 0 398 1008 4 Koksara 534 1070 1331 311 3246 5 Jaypatna 528 659 0 1798 2985 6 Kalampur 0 363 0 417 780 7 Th.Rampur 220 335 308 311 1174 8 Lanjigarh 691 1373 335 311 2710 9 Bhawanipatna 3553 2204 299 340 6396 10 Kesinga 3985 2529 546 2921 9981 11 Karlamunda 1887 488 0 330 2706 12 M.Rampur 48 2154 1196 330 3728 13 Narla 4315 4277 975 2562 12129 District total 15761 18354 6488 13729 54332

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An area of 9359 ha has been proposed for micro-irrigation system in different blocks of Kalahandi district. Out of which 3250 ha is under drip and 6109 ha is under sprinkler for increasing water application efficiency and judicious use of available limited water for increasing productivity of crops (Table 5.5.24).

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Table 5.5.24: Area under Micro-Irrigation Systems in Kalahandi District (Area in ha) S.No. Blocks Non-DPAP Drip Sprinkler Total 1 Golamunda 250 2780 3030 2 Dharmagarh 250 90 340 3 Junagarh 250 0 250 4 Koksara 250 0 250 5 Jaypatna 250 0 250 6 Kalampur 250 75 325 7 Th.Rampur 250 240 490 8 Lanjigarh 250 0 250 9 Bhawanipatna 250 612 862 10 Kesinga 250 1326 1576 11 Karlamunda 250 350 600 12 M.Rampur 250 336 586 13 Narla 250 300 550 District total 3250 6109 9359

Present and proposed irrigation status in different blocks of Kalahandi district is presented in Figure 5.5.12 and revealed that maximum irrigated area proposed compared to the present irrigated area in the blocks of Kesinga and Narla. Present irrigated area to the total cropped area is varied between 12.3% and 71.9% of the total cropped area but proposed irrigated potential to be be created is varied between 1.6 and 51.8% among different blocks of the district. The present average percent irrigated area is 33.4% (12.3 to 71.9% among the blocks) and proposed irrigated potential is alone accounts for 11.5% of the total cropped area (1.6 to 51.8%). Thus the present irrigation percent of 33.4% is expected to increase to 44.3% in the district. The blocks like Dharmagarh, Koksora, Jaypatna, Kalampur, Th. Rampur and Narla is already having gigher percent area is under irrigation compared to the present district average of 33.4%. The remaiing blocks unable to reach even the present irrigation potential after implimentation of the programmes in different blocks. and thus need special empahsis at least in long term plan for these blocks. The proposed irrigation potential is expected to increase the irrigated area in the district to 42.52% of the total cropped area (Figure 5.5.13).

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A summary of Proposed Irrigation Potential to be Created under Different Programmes and Components in Kalahandi District is presented in Table: 5.5.25.

Table: 5.5.25 :Proposed Irrigation Potential to be Created under Different Programmes and Components in Kalahandi District S.No Programme/Components Sub-components Area Total (ha) Budget (in Crore) I. Irrigation Potential to be Created

A PMKSY AIBP 15761 551.5 PMKSY-other components HKKP 18354 388.2 Watershed Development 6488 65.0 B Total (A+B) 40603 1004.6 State plan Minor Medium Agriculture 13729.3 253.0 NABARD C Total ( C) Total (A+B+C) 54332.5 1257.6 II. Extension,Strengthening & Restoration of Ayacut(ha) RRR 0 0 D HKKP Lined channel 0 0 E Watershed Development Renovation 0 0 Total (D+E) 0 0 III. DRIP & Sprinkler Irrigation(ha) PDMC Non-DPAP Drip 3250 13.4 F Non-DPAP Sprinkler 6109 92.2 Total (F) 9359 105.6

G Convergence of MGNREGA 15532.14 354.6 Total 1717.8

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5.5.2 Long Term Strategic Action Plan

Long term plan is proposed for 20 years (2021-22 to 2034-35 ) in the district covering an total cultivable command area of 0.885 lakh ha with the estimated total budget of Rs. 6380 Crore. This expected to bring the total irrigated area of about 3.43 lakh ha after implementation of both short and long term irrigation plan in the district to cover about 57.3% of present total cropped area of 5.98 lakh ha . The list of long term projects in Kalahandi district is presented in Table 5.5.26. There are five long term projects in different blocks.

Table 5.5.26: List of long term projects in Kalahandi district S.No. Name of the project Blocks Benefitted CCA (‘000 ha) 1 * Sandul Barrage Karlamunda, Kesinga & Narla 5.00 2 * Uttei-Roul Integrated Narla, M.Rampur, Karlamunda 51.00 &Kesinga

3 * Lower Udanti Barrage Golmunda, Bhawanipatna, 8.00 Bangamunda& Titlagarh

4 ** Ret Irrigation Project Langigarh 5.5 5 ** Sagada Dam Project Junagarh 18.75 Total 88.25

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Annexure -1.1 River basin and micro watershed map of Kalahandi district

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Annexure -1.2 Gram panchayatand village wise demographic features for all the blocks of Kalahandidistrict

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Annexure 1.3 Block Wise Slope Map of Kalahandi District

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Annexure 1.4 Block Wise Soil Resource Map of Kalahandi District

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Annexure 1.5 Block Wise Land Use Map of Kalahandi District

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