D N-Ahlak-Ekonom Lksnn Sosyoloj K Anal Z Ve Kap Tal St Z Hn Yet N De

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D N-Ahlak-Ekonom Lksnn Sosyoloj K Anal Z Ve Kap Tal St Z Hn Yet N De T.C. ULUDAĞ ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ FELSEFE VE DİN BİLİMLERİ ANABİLİM DALI DİN SOSYOLOJİSİ BİLİM DALI D N-AHLAK-EKONOM L K S N N SOSYOLOJ K ANAL Z VE KAP TAL ST Z HN YET N DE ERLEND R LMES (ADAM SM TH VE BRAH M HAKKI ÖRNE ) (DOKTORA TEZ ) SELMA ÖZDEM R BURSA 2005 I T.C. ULUDAĞ ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ MÜDÜRLÜĞÜNE Selma Özdemir’e ait Din-Ahlak-Economi li kisinin Sosyolojik Analizi ve Kapitalist Zihniyetin De erlendirilmesi (Adam Smith ve brahim Hakkı Örne i) adlı ?alı ma, jürimiz tarafmdan Temel slam Bilimleri Anabilim Dah, slam slam Hukuku Bilim Dahnda Yüksek Lisans tezi olarak kabul edilmi tir. Üye (Danışman): Prof Dr. İzzet ER………………………………..… Üye: Prof. Dr. HÜSEYİN ALGÜL Üye Prof Dr. Hayati HÖKELEKL II ÖZET FELSEFE VE D N B L MLER ANAB L M DALI D N SOSYOLOJ S B L M DALI D N-AHLAK-EKONOM L K S N N SOSYOLOJ K ANAL Z VE KAP TAL ST Z HN YET N DE ERLEND R LMES (ADAM SM TH VE BRAH M HAKKI ÖRNE ) Selma ÖZDEMR (Doktora Tezi) Kendisiyle ve toplumuyla ili kisi çerçevesinde insanh ın ya am biçimiyle birlikte moral ve fizik çevresini etkileyen “kiiresel atmosfer”, hem bu havayı teneffiis eden insan teki, hem de manevî ilimler mensubu olarak giindemimizi yo un bir ekilde me gul etmektedir. Bu durum heniiz bu denli kiireselle meden önce de yaygın biçimde “modernle en” ve “kapitalistle en” dünyanın aynı ba lamda etik/aksiyolojik, sosyolojik, ekolojik ve hepsinin kavramsal ortak paydası olarak manevî acidan de erlendirilmesi ve ele tirilmesi elzem kılmaktadır. te bu I ii/fi in ara tırmamn ivmesini te kil etmi tir. “ e nereden ba lamahdır” sorusuna verilen “on sekizinci yüzyıl” cevabı, belki de bugünün ikayetine konu olan biitiin kaotik ve menfi tablonun, diinden habercisidir: Ara tırmamız o giine kadar, toplumun nabzına yerle erek gelenekselle en inane de erlerinin özellikle Batı yönünden esen bir rüzgarla nasıl ve niçin savruldu una da cevap arami tır. Çah mada bu i lem, din-ahlak-ekonomi ili kisinin, kavramsal ve tarihî çerçevede ele alındi 1 birinci bölümde gerçekle tirilmi tir. Gerçekten de on sekizinci yüzyıla kadar din, ahlak, ekonomi arasındaki kuvvetli ili kinin, ara tırmada ortaya konan sebeplerle kırılmi olması; bu yüzyihn tecrübelerinden hem bu yönüyle hem de ili kinin yeniden nasıl kurulabilece inin kurgulandi 1 günümüzde istifade etmeyi miimkiin kılmaktadır. Sermayenin moral de erleri bir yana iterek tek ölciit haline gelmesinde dii iinsel ve ekonomik pratikler acisından biiyiik payı olan ngiltere ve bu kiiltiir co rafyasının ürünü olarak bir aya lyla otonom da olsa ahlakî de erlere, di eriyle kapitalist zihniyete basan Adam Smith böylece tezin, üzerinde yükseldi i temel sütunlardan birini te kil etmi tir. Ani ve tahripkâr biçimde geli en di etkiler sebebiyle varhk-bilgi- de er manzumesinin üzerine kurdu u medeniyetin iisliinlii iiniin sarsıldi mı henüz tarn anlamıyla hissetmeyen ve kendi geleneksel rotasında ihlasla yol almaya çah an Osmanh ve onun, yeni geli melerle klasik yakla lmları cem etme çabasıyla temayüz eden bir ürünü olarak Erzurumlu brahim Hakkı, sütunlardan di eridir. Her iki dii ünürün dinî, ahlakî ve ekonomik görii leri ile hayatlan, eserleri, dönemlerinin dü ünce ve sosyo-ekonomik yapısı “XVIII. Yüzyılda Din-Ahlak- Ekonomi li kilerinin Sosyolojik Analizi” (Adam Smith ve Erzurumlu brahim Hakkı Örne i) ba li 1 altında, ikinci bölümde ele alınmi tır. Dii ünürlerin görii lerinin, yorumlardan uzak bir biçimde analiz edilmesi, “sonuç bölümü”nün kapsamh bir mukayese ve de erlendirmeyi gerektirmesine yol açmi tır. Anahtar kelimeler: Din, Ahlak, Ekonomi, Kapitalizm, Modernizm Dam man: Prof. Dr. zzet ER Sayfa:282 III ABSTRACT INSTUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF STUDY OF RELIGION PHILOSOPHY/SOCIOLOGY OF RELIGION THE SOCIOLOGICAL ANALAYSIS OF RELATION BETWEEN RELIGION- MORALITY-ECONOMY AND ASSESSMENT CAPITALIST MINDSET (ADAM SMITH AND IBRAHIM HAKKI MODEL) Selma OZDEMIR (Thesis of Ph.D.) “The global atmosphere”, which affects one’s lifestyle together with his moral and physical environment within the context of his relations with himself and the society, have considerable place in our agenda both as an individual living in this atmosphere and as a member of spiritual studies. That makes it necessary to question and assess the world which has been ‘modernized and capitalized’ long before it is globalized from the point of ethical- axiological, sociological , ecological and as a common point for all, spiritual point of view. This necessity is the motive behind our study. The answer to the question ‘where to start?’ is ‘18th century’. This takes us to the roots of today’s chaotic and negative picture: This study is in search of an answer to the question why and how such strong values and beliefs were blown away by Western winds. The focus to this issue is in the first chapter in which the relation between religion-morality and economy were assessed in historical and conceptual terms. The fact that the strong connection between religion-morality and economy were broken by the reasons mentioned in that chapter makes it possible to have comparisons with contemporary situation and getting useful conclusions for reconstructing that connection. Britain has great theoretical and practical responsibility in the process of ‘capital’ becoming the dominant criterion against moral values. As a product of this cultural environment Adam Smith is one of the basic pillars of this study with his stand as the creator of a capitalist mindset at the same time with his rather autonom moral values. The Otoman Empire which was going on its route sincerely in those times withput being aware of the fact that the civilization it established on the harmony of existence-wisdom-and values were being shaken by drastic and devastating forces from outside, and Erzurumlu İbrahim Hakkı as the representative of the efforts of amalgamazing classic approaches with the new ones constitutes the second pillar of our study. The religious, economical and moral thoughts, lives and the socio- economic environment of both thinkers are in the second chapter called ‘The Sociological Analysis of Relations Between Religion-Morality- Economy in the 18th Century’(Adam Smith- Erzurumlu Ibrahim Hakkı Model) The analysis of the thoughts of these thinkers without interpretations necessitated a comprehensive comparison and assessment in the ‘conclusion ’ chapter. Key words: Religion, Morality, Economy, Capitalism, Modernity. Supervisor: Ph.D. Proffesor İzzer ER Pages:282 IV ÖNSÖZ Üst kimli i “küreselle me” olan günümüz dtinyasında, bu kimli e yapılan bütün yüklemeler ne olursa olsun, birle ilen noktada cikarlan örtti en ve çeli en iki taraf bulunmaktadır. Bu gerçeklik, küreselle en ili kilere önemli bir sıfatın daha eklenmesine neden olur: “Küresel sömürü ili kileri” formatında yeni olu an tamlamada kar uniza cikan gerçek, be enyet adına iç karartıcı, be en ilimler adına ise yorum ve coztim gerektiricidir. Kendisiyle ve toplumuyla ili kisi çerçevesinde insanh in ya am biçimiyle birlikte moral ve fizik çevresini etkileyen “küresel atmosfer”, hem bu havayı teneffüs eden insan teki, hem de manevT ilimler mensubu olarak gündemimizi yo un bir ekilde me gul etmektedir. Henüz bu denli küreselle meden önce de yaygın biçimde “modernle en” ve “kapitalistle en” dünyamn aym ba lamda etik/aksiyolojik, sosyolojik, ekolojik ve hepsinin kavramsal ortak paydası olarak manevT acidan de erlendirilmesi ve ele tirilmesi elzem olmakta ve bu ltizûm ara tırmanın ivmesini yaratmaktadır. Yerli ve yabancı platformda zihniyet ve sistemin i leyi i acisından; “kapitalizmin revize edilmesi” yolundaki giri imler, “sekülerizmin sorgulanması”, “medeniyetler çatı ması teorisi”, “bireysel din/tâbii ahlak” yakla lmlan, “global etik” arayı Ian, “medeniyetleri uzla tırma çabalan", yo unluk kazanan dim hareketler, global ban ça nlan ve mesnetsiz sava lar ve benzeri pek 90k paradoksal hareket ise ara tırmacının zihinsel problematiklerini olu turmaktadır. “ e nereden ba lamahdır” sorusuna verilen “on sekizinci yüzyıl” cevabı, belki de bugünün ikayetine konu olan bütün bu kaotik ve menfi tablonun, dünden habercisidir: Ara tırmamız o giine kadar, toplumun nabzına yerle erek gelenekselle en inan? de erlerinin özellikle Batı yönünden esen bir riizgarla nasıl ve niçin savruldu una da cevap aramaktadır. (>lı mada bu i lem, din-ahlak-ekonomi ili kisinin, kavramsal ve tarihT çerçevede ele alındı 1 birinci bölümde gerçekle tirilmi tir. Ger?ekten de on sekizinci yüzyıla kadar din, ahlak, ekonomi ile kendilerini ilgilendiren hayat alanlan ve du unce sahalan arasındaki can kuvvetli ili kinin, ara tırmada ortaya konacak olan sebeplerle kinlmı olması; bu yüzyılm tecriibelerinden hem bu yönüyle hem de ili kinin yeniden nasıl kurulabilece inin kurgulandı 1 günümüzde istifade etmeyi mümkün kılmaktadır. Sermayenin moral de erleri bir yana iterek tek ölciit haline gelmesinde du tinsel ve ekonomik pratikler acisından btiytik payı olan ngiltere ve bu kültür co rafyasimn tirünti olarak bir aya lyla otonom da olsa V ahlakT de erlere, di eriyle kapitalist zihniyete basan Adam Smith böylece tezin, üzerinde yükseldi i temel sütunlardan birini te kil etmi tir. Ani ve tahripkâr biçimde geli en mezkûr dı etkiler sebebiyle varhk-bilgi-de er manzumesinin üzerine kurdu u medeniyetin du iince, siyasT konjonktür, maddi refah ba lamındaki üstünlu uniin sarsıldı mi henüz tarn anlamıyla hissetmeyen ve kendi geleneksel rotasında ihlasla yol almaya çall an Osmanh ve onun, yeni geli melerle klasik yakla lmlan cem etme çabasıyla temayüz eden bir üriinü olarak Erzurumlu brahim Hakkı, sütunlardan di eridir. Her iki du unüriin dim, ahlakT ve ekonomik görii leri ile hayatlan, eserleri, dönemlerinin du iince ve sosyo-ekonomik yapısı “XVIII. Yüzyılda Din-Ahlak-Ekonomi li kilerinin Sosyolojik Analizi” (Adam Smith ve Erzurumlu brahim Hakkı Örne i) ba h 1 altında, ikinci bölümde ele alınmı tır. Du unürlerin görii lerinin, yorumlardan azade olarak daha 90k kendi do alhklannda analiz edilmesi, “sonuç b6liimu"niin kapsamh bir mukayese ve de erlendirmeyi gerektirmesine yol açmı tır. Ara tırmanın hitama ula masında en biiyiik payın, sadece bilgi birikimini de il, kütüphanesini ve manevT deste ini payla arak büyük katkıda bulunan Prof.
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