Winter 2009 Gems & Gemology

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Winter 2009 Gems & Gemology G EMS & G VOLUME XLV WINTER 2009 EMOLOGY W INTER 2009 P AGES 235–312 Ruby-Sapphire Review V Nanocut Plasma-Etched Diamonds OLUME Chrysoprase from Tanzania 45 N Demantoid from Italy O. 4 THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE GEMOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF AMERICA EXPERTISE THAT SPREADS CONFIDENCE. Because Public Education AROUND THE WORLD AND AROUND THE CLOCK. Happens at the Counter. ISRAEL 5:00 PM GIA launches Retailer Support Kit and website Cutter checks parameters online with GIA Facetware® Cut Estimator. NEW YORK 10:00 AM GIA Master Color Comparison Diamonds confirm color quality of a fancy yellow. CARLSBAD 7:00 AM MUMBAI 7:30 PM Laboratory technicians calibrate Staff gemologist submits new findings on measurement devices before coated diamonds to GIA global database. the day’s production begins. HONG KONG 10:00 PM Wholesaler views grading results and requests additional services online at My Laboratory. JOHANNESBURG 5:00 PM Diamond graders inscribe a diamond and issue a GIA Diamond Dossier® A $97.00 value, shipping and handling extra. All across the planet, GIA labs and gemological reports are creating a common language for accurate, unbiased gemstone GIA’s Retailer Support Kit has been developed to help evaluation. From convenient locations in major gem centers, to frontline detection of emerging treatments and synthetics, to online services that include ordering, tracking, and report previews — GIA is pioneering the technology, tools and talent sales associates educate the public about diamonds, that not only ensure expert service, but also advance the public trust in gems and jewelry worldwide. the 4Cs, and thoroughly explain a GIA grading report. Take full advantage of all that GIA has to offer by visiting WWW.GIA.EDU www.retailer.gia.edu To order your FREE kit, log on to www.retailer.gia.edu CARLSBAD NEW YORK LONDON ANTWERP FLORENCE GABORONE JOHANNESBURG DUBAI MOSCOW MUMBAI BANGKOK HONG KONG TAIPEI SEOUL OSAKA TOKYO RTGG09 Winter 2009 Volume 45, No. 4 ® 235 LETTERS _________________ FEATURE ARTICLES __________________ 236 Ruby and Sapphire Production and Distribution: A Quarter Century of Change Carat Points Russell Shor and Robert Weldon A review of the sources, treatments, and global developments that have transformed the corundum market since the early 1980s. 260 Cutting Diffraction Gratings to Improve Dispersion (“Fire”) in Diamonds Al Gilbertson, Benjamin Gudlewski, Mary Johnson, George Maltezos, Axel Scherer, and James Shigley A new process of plasma-etching diffraction grating patterns on diamond facets produces a more fiery appearance. pg. 251 NOTES & NEW TECHNIQUES ___________ 271 Chrysoprase and Prase Opal from Haneti, Central Tanzania James E. Shigley, Brendan M. Laurs, and Nathan D. Renfro The geology, mining, and gemological characteristics of Tanzanian chrysoprase and green prase opal are revealed. 280 Demantoid from Val Malenco, Italy: Review and Update Ilaria Adamo, Rosangela Bocchio, Valeria Diella, Alessandro Pavese, Pietro Vignola, Loredana Prosperi, and Valentina Palanza pg. 267 New gemological, chemical, and spectroscopic data characterize demantoid from this notable locality in northern Italy. REGULAR FEATURES __________________________ 288 Lab Notes A new chalcedony treatment • DiamondView indicates treatment in irradiated brown-orange diamond • Diamond with flower-shaped cloud • Unusual trigon- shaped clouds in two diamonds cut from the same rough • Fancy Intense blue type IIb synthetic diamond • Colorless cat’s-eye phenakite • Blue sapphires diffusion treated with titanium and beryllium • Interesting inclusion aggregate in tsavorite • Uranium mineral as inclusions in turquoise 296 Gem News International Update on benitoite • Large cat’s-eye beryl from India • Emerald mining tech- niques at the Kagem mine, Zambia • Yellow grossular from Tanzania • An unusual blister pearl • Myanmar report • Phenakite from Nigeria • Update on rubies and Cu-bearing tourmaline from Mozambique • Sodalite from Afghanistan • Pseudo-chatoyancy and -asterism in sphalerite from Spain • New find of pink-to-red tourmaline in Nigeria • Rough emerald imitation pg. 308 • Silicon inclusions in black synthetic moissanite • Dyed sillimanite as an emerald imitation • High-RI Ba-Zr glass • Dyed pink alabaster S1 Letters, continued S2 Book Reviews S5 Gemological Abstracts S13 2009 Subject and Author Index www.gia.edu/gandg ® EDITORIAL Editor-in-Chief Editor Editors, Lab Notes STAFF Alice S. Keller Brendan M. Laurs Thomas M. Moses [email protected] Gemological Institute of America Shane F. McClure The Robert Mouawad Campus Managing Editor 5345 Armada Drive Editor, Gem News International Thomas W. Overton Carlsbad, CA 92008 Brendan M. Laurs [email protected] (760) 603-4503 Associate Editor [email protected] Editors, Book Reviews Stuart D. Overlin Susan B. Johnson Circulation Coordinator [email protected] Jana E. Miyahira-Smith Martha Rivera Thomas W. Overton Consulting Editor (760) 603-4000, ext. 7142 Carol M. Stockton [email protected] Editors, Gemological Abstracts Contributing Editor Brendan M. Laurs James E. Shigley Thomas W. Overton PRODUCTION Art Director Image Specialist G&G Online: STAFF Nanette Newbry, Studio 2055 Kevin Schumacher gia.metapress.com EDITORIAL Shigeru Akamatsu Emmanuel Fritsch Robert E. Kane Kenneth Scarratt Tokyo, Japan Nantes, France Helena, Montana Bangkok, REVIEW BOARD Thailand Edward W. Boehm Jaroslav Hyr`´sl Lore Kiefert Chattanooga, Prague, Czech Republic Lucerne, Switzerland James E. Shigley Tennessee A. J. A. (Bram) Janse Michael S. Krzemnicki Carlsbad, California James E. Butler Perth, Australia Basel, Switzerland Washington, DC E. Alan Jobbins Thomas M. Moses Christopher P. Smith New York, New York Alan T. Collins Caterham, UK New York, New York London, UK Mary L. Johnson Mark Newton Wuyi Wang San Diego, California Coventry, UK New York, New York John L. Emmett Brush Prairie, Anthony R. Kampf George R. Rossman Christopher M. Welbourn Washington Los Angeles, California Pasadena, California Reading, UK SUBSCRIPTIONS Copies of the current issue may be purchased for $35 in the U.S., $50 elsewhere. Online subscriptions are $74.95 for one year (4 issues), $194.95 for three years (12 issues). Combination print/online subscriptions are $139.95 in the U.S. and $160 elsewhere for one year, and $399.95 in the U.S. and $465 elsewhere for three years. Canadian subscribers should add GST. Discounts are available for group subscriptions, renewals, GIA alumni, and current GIA students. Subscriptions include G&G’s monthly gemological e-newsletter, the G&G eBrief. To purchase subscriptions and single print issues, visit www.gia.edu/gandg or contact the Circulation Coordinator. Electronic (PDF) versions of individual articles and sections from Spring 1981 forward can be purchased at gia.metapress.com for $12 each. Full issue access can be purchased for $25. To obtain a Japanese translation of Gems & Gemology, contact GIA Japan at [email protected]. Our Canadian goods and service registration number is 126142892RT. Gems & Gemology’s impact factor is 1.172 (ranking 12th out of the 26 journals in the Mineralogy category), according to the DATABASE Thomson Reuters 2008 Journal Citation Reports (issued July 2009). Gems & Gemology is abstracted in Thomson Reuters COVERAGE products (Current Contents: Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences and Science Citation Index—Expanded, including the Web of Knowledge) and other databases. For a complete list of sources abstracting G&G, see www.gia.edu/gandg. Gems & Gemology welcomes the submission of articles on all aspects of the field. Please see the Guidelines for Authors on MANUSCRIPT our Website, or contact the Managing Editor. Letters on articles published in Gems & Gemology are also welcome. SUBMISSIONS Abstracting is permitted with credit to the source. Libraries are permitted to photocopy beyond the limits of U.S. copyright law for private use of patrons. Instructors are permitted to photocopy isolated articles for noncommercial classroom use without fee. Copying of the photographs by any means other than traditional photocopying techniques (Xerox, etc.) is prohibited with- COPYRIGHT out the express permission of the photographer (where listed) or author of the article in which the photo appears (where no pho- AND REPRINT tographer is listed). For other copying, reprint, or republication permission, please contact the Managing Editor. Gems & Gemology is published quarterly by the Gemological Institute of America, a nonprofit educational organiza- PERMISSIONS tion for the gem and jewelry industry. Postmaster: Return undeliverable copies of Gems & Gemology to GIA, The Robert Mouawad Campus, 5345 Armada Drive, Carlsbad, CA 92008. Any opinions expressed in signed articles are understood to be the opinions of the authors and not of the publisher. ABOUT In the past 25 years, rubies and sapphires have gone from rare, expensive gems to material spanning all qualities THE COVER and price points. The lead article in this issue, by Russell Shor and Robert Weldon, reviews the political, economic, and technological forces that have reshaped the corundum market worldwide. This sapphire necklace, designed by David Webb, has approximately 700 carats of sapphire beads. The large cabochon, with a GIA origin report stating Sri Lanka, is unheated and weighs 80.77 ct. Courtesy of Brice Jewelers, Houston, Texas; photo by Robert Weldon. Color separations for Gems & Gemology are by Pacific Plus, Carlsbad, California. Printing is by Allen Press, Lawrence, Kansas. © 2009 Gemological Institute of America All rights
Recommended publications
  • Application-Level Virtual Memory for Object-Oriented Systems Mariano Martinez Peck
    Application-Level Virtual Memory for Object-Oriented Systems Mariano Martinez Peck To cite this version: Mariano Martinez Peck. Application-Level Virtual Memory for Object-Oriented Systems. Program- ming Languages [cs.PL]. Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2012. English. tel-00764991 HAL Id: tel-00764991 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00764991 Submitted on 26 Dec 2012 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. N° d’ordre : 40886 THESE présentée en vue d’obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR en Spécialité : informatique par Mariano MARTINEZ PECK DOCTORAT DELIVRE CONJOINTEMENT PAR MINES DOUAI ET L’UNIVERSITE DE LILLE 1 Titre de la thèse : Application-Level Virtual Memory for Object-Oriented Systems Soutenue le 29/10/2012 à 10h devant le jury d’examen : Président Jean-Bernard STEFANI (Directeur de recherche – INRIA Grenoble- Rhône-Alpes) Directeur de thèse Stéphane DUCASSE (Directeur de recherche – INRIA Lille) Rapporteur Robert HIRSCHFELD (Professeur – Hasso-Plattner-Institut, Universität Potsdam, Allemagne) Rapporteur Christophe DONY (Professeur – Université Montpellier 2) Examinateur Roel WUYTS (Professeur – IMEC & Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgique) co-Encadrant Noury BOURAQADI (Maître-Assistant – Mines de Douai) co-Encadrant Marcus DENKER (Chargé de recherche – INRIA Lille) co-Encadrant Luc FABRESSE (Maître-Assistant – Mines de Douai) Laboratoire(s) d’accueil : Dépt.
    [Show full text]
  • Visualage for Smalltalk Handbook Volume 2: Features
    SG24-2219-00 VisualAge for Smalltalk Handbook Volume 2: Features September 1997 SG24-2219-00 International Technical Support Organization VisualAge for Smalltalk Handbook Volume 2: Features September 1997 IBM Take Note! Before using this information and the product it supports, be sure to read the general information in Appendix A, “Special Notices.” First Edition (September 1997) This edition applies to VisualAge for Smalltalk, Versions 2, 3, and 4, for use with OS/2, AIX, and Microsoft Windows 95/NT. Comments may be addressed to: IBM Corporation, International Technical Support Organization Dept. QXXE Building 80-E2 650 Harry Road San Jose, California 95120-6099 When you send information to IBM, you grant IBM a non-exclusive right to use or distribute the information in any way it believes appropriate without incurring any obligation to you. Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 1997. All rights reserved. Note to U.S. Government Users — Documentation related to restricted rights — Use, duplication or disclosure is subject to restrictions set forth in GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp. Contents Preface . xiii How This Redbook Is Organized ....................... xiv ITSO on the Internet ................................ xv VisualAge Support on CompuServe ..................... xvii About the Authors ................................ xvii Acknowledgments . xviii Comments Welcome . xix Chapter 1. AS/400 Connection . 1 Multiple Programs with a Single Remote Procedure Call ......... 1 RPC Part Sets Commit Boundary ........................ 1 Connection Problem with V3R1 ......................... 2 AS/400 Communication Error .......................... 2 Strange Characters on Log-on Window .................... 3 Quick Form from AS/400 Record Classes ................... 3 Communication . 4 Read Next/Previous . 4 SQL Statements . 5 Data Queues and Records ............................ 6 ODBC Requirements .
    [Show full text]
  • Rhodochrosite Gems Unstable Colouration of Padparadscha-Like
    Volume 36 / No. 4 / 2018 Effect of Blue Fluorescence on the Colour Appearance of Diamonds Rhodochrosite Gems The Hope Diamond Unstable Colouration of in London Padparadscha-like Sapphires Volume 36 / No. 4 / 2018 Cover photo: Rhodochrosite is prized as both mineral specimens and faceted stones, which are represented here by ‘The Snail’ (5.5 × 8.6 cm, COLUMNS from N’Chwaning, South Africa) and a 40.14 ct square-cut gemstone from the Sweet Home mine, Colorado, USA. For more on rhodochrosite, see What’s New 275 the article on pp. 332–345 of this issue. Specimens courtesy of Bill Larson J-Smart | SciAps Handheld (Pala International/The Collector, Fallbrook, California, USA); photo by LIBS Unit | SYNTHdetect XL | Ben DeCamp. Bursztynisko, The Amber Magazine | CIBJO 2018 Special Reports | De Beers Diamond ARTICLES Insight Report 2018 | Diamonds — Source to Use 2018 The Effect of Blue Fluorescence on the Colour 298 Proceedings | Gem Testing Appearance of Round-Brilliant-Cut Diamonds Laboratory (Jaipur, India) By Marleen Bouman, Ans Anthonis, John Chapman, Newsletter | IMA List of Gem Stefan Smans and Katrien De Corte Materials Updated | Journal of Jewellery Research | ‘The Curse Out of the Blue: The Hope Diamond in London 316 of the Hope Diamond’ Podcast | By Jack M. Ogden New Diamond Museum in Antwerp Rhodochrosite Gems: Properties and Provenance 332 278 By J. C. (Hanco) Zwaan, Regina Mertz-Kraus, Nathan D. Renfro, Shane F. McClure and Brendan M. Laurs Unstable Colouration of Padparadscha-like Sapphires 346 By Michael S. Krzemnicki, Alexander Klumb and Judith Braun 323 333 © DIVA, Antwerp Home of Diamonds Gem Notes 280 W.
    [Show full text]
  • Gemstone/S Programming Guide
    GemStone® GemStone/S Programming Guide December 2001 GemStone/S Version 6.0 GemStone Programming Guide IMPORTANT NOTICE This manual and the information contained in it are furnished for informational use only and are subject to change without notice. GemStone Systems, Inc. assumes no responsibility or liability for any errors or inaccuracies that may appear in this manual or in the information contained in it. The manual, or any part of it, may not be reproduced, displayed, photocopied, transmitted or otherwise copied in any form or by any means now known or later developed, such as electronic, optical or mechanical means, without written authorization from GemStone Systems, Inc. Any unauthorized copying may be a violation of law. The software installed in accordance with this manual is copyrighted and licensed by GemStone Systems, Inc. under separate license agreement. This software may only be used pursuant to the terms and conditions of such license agreement. Any other use may be a violation of law. Limitations The software described in this manual is a customer-supported product. Due to the customer’s ability to change any part of a Smalltalk image, GemStone Systems, Inc. cannot guarantee that the GemStone programming environment will function with all Smalltalk images. 1988–2001 by GemStone Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions set forth in subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252.227-7013. Trademarks GemStone, GemBuilder, GemConnect, GemEnterprise, andGemORB are registered trademark of GemStone Systems, Inc. The GemStone logo is a registered trademark of GemStone Systems, Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Translated from the Hmannan Yazawin Dawgyl
    Burmese I11vasions of Siam, Translated from the Hmannan Yazawin DawgyL ...T . Preface. 'l' he materials for the subject of this paper ·were ch awn almost entirely from the Hmn.nn a 11 Yazawin Dclwg·yi, a H istory of Burm a. in Burmese co1npil eLl by order of King Dagyict <l W of Burma i11 the ycn.r 1 101 B unnese era., A. D . 182!J . The nn t.ive work lms be en closely ac1l1erec1 to in tl1i · pnper, so nmch so that it may he co nsidered a free translat ion ( lr the original coveri 11g t he ~_J e r i o d treated of. A resume of the whole of '\vhat i · containea h re IYill lJe found in Sir A. rtlnu Phayre's llislory of Bul'lna . J n hi s l1 ist ory Sir Art hur Phayre has <Li so f ollowetl t lJ e Hmanua n Yazawin L irly closely, a nd he has utilized a1l th e in fonnat.ion IYh i.ch tl~e 1mt. ire work can offer t hat is worthy of a place in a history w rit t<~ n on European lines aml an::mgo cl it, at least tLS regards the p t·e-Alaungpric period, alm ost in the ordet· it is give n in the orig· in al. But what a, wide difference t here is between history written according to nnti ve ideas and that wr itten ou E nropoa.n principles, a. nd how far Si r Ar thur Phayre has sifted nud coudensed tl1e infon nat.ion co ntained in the original may be imagined when fi fteen pages, each containi ng t wenty eigltt lines of print in the nati1 e hist ory are wo rl.: ed into thirty one lines in Sir Arthur P ha:r re'::; .
    [Show full text]
  • AIDA/Scribo a Powerful CMS at Your Fingertips!
    AIDA/Scribo a powerful CMS at your fingertips! Nicolas Petton Contents Why another CMS? Architecture History Scribo at work Future Demo Contents Why another CMS? Architecture History Scribo at work Future Demo What is a CMS? Content Management System Web application (Web CMS or WCMS) Used for creating and managing HTML content : HTML pages Associated documents (images, attached files, etc) Why another CMS? Leveraging Smalltalk strengths Leveraging Aida/Web strengths CMS framework for different CMS apps For developers and end users Leveraging AIDA/Web strengths RESTFull and nice looking URLs User, group, role support Security (Access control) Components Ajax integration Contents Why another CMS? Architecture History Scribo at work Future Demo Architecture Architecture Document Attachments Versioning Access rights Lifecycle Locking Workflow Multilingual Subdocuments support References Persistence Other Document Versioning Many versions Url always points to the released version Access to all versions (http://www.site.org/article.html? version=4) Document Lifecycle States during document's life : #pending, #released, #obsolete, ... Can be extended and tailored Document Workflow Managing flow of work through document lifecycle From editing, multiperson approvals, to releasing Who when what needs to do some task Email requesting for some task Email notifications of task done Document Subdocument Vertical hierarchy of documents Folder is a subclass of Document Folder can contain documents or other folders Document can have Chapters (again subclass
    [Show full text]
  • Compilation of Reported Sapphire Occurrences in Montana
    Report of Investigation 23 Compilation of Reported Sapphire Occurrences in Montana Richard B. Berg 2015 Cover photo by Richard Berg. Sapphires (very pale green and colorless) concentrated by panning. The small red grains are garnets, commonly found with sapphires in western Montana, and the black sand is mainly magnetite. Compilation of Reported Sapphire Occurrences, RI 23 Compilation of Reported Sapphire Occurrences in Montana Richard B. Berg Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology MBMG Report of Investigation 23 2015 i Compilation of Reported Sapphire Occurrences, RI 23 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ............................................................................................................................1 Descriptions of Occurrences ..................................................................................................7 Selected Bibliography of Articles on Montana Sapphires ................................................... 75 General Montana ............................................................................................................75 Yogo ................................................................................................................................ 75 Southwestern Montana Alluvial Deposits........................................................................ 76 Specifi cally Rock Creek sapphire district ........................................................................ 76 Specifi cally Dry Cottonwood Creek deposit and the Butte area ....................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Union Report the Union Report : Census Report Volume 2 Census Report Volume 2
    THE REPUBLIC OF THE UNION OF MYANMAR The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census The Union Report The Union Report : Census Report Volume 2 Volume Report : Census The Union Report Census Report Volume 2 Department of Population Ministry of Immigration and Population May 2015 The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census The Union Report Census Report Volume 2 For more information contact: Department of Population Ministry of Immigration and Population Office No. 48 Nay Pyi Taw Tel: +95 67 431 062 www.dop.gov.mm May, 2015 Figure 1: Map of Myanmar by State, Region and District Census Report Volume 2 (Union) i Foreword The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census (2014 MPHC) was conducted from 29th March to 10th April 2014 on a de facto basis. The successful planning and implementation of the census activities, followed by the timely release of the provisional results in August 2014 and now the main results in May 2015, is a clear testimony of the Government’s resolve to publish all information collected from respondents in accordance with the Population and Housing Census Law No. 19 of 2013. It is my hope that the main census results will be interpreted correctly and will effectively inform the planning and decision-making processes in our quest for national development. The census structures put in place, including the Central Census Commission, Census Committees and Offices at all administrative levels and the International Technical Advisory Board (ITAB), a group of 15 experts from different countries and institutions involved in censuses and statistics internationally, provided the requisite administrative and technical inputs for the implementation of the census.
    [Show full text]
  • Grave Diggers a Report on Mining in Burma
    GRAVE DIGGERS A REPORT ON MINING IN BURMA BY ROGER MOODY CONTENTS Abbreviations........................................................................................... 2 Map of Southeast Asia............................................................................. 3 Acknowledgments ................................................................................... 4 Author’s foreword ................................................................................... 5 Chapter One: Burma’s Mining at the Crossroads ................................... 7 Chapter Two: Summary Evaluation of Mining Companies in Burma .... 23 Chapter Three: Index of Mining Corporations ....................................... 29 Chapter Four: The Man with the Golden Arm ....................................... 43 Appendix I: The Problems with Copper.................................................. 53 Appendix II: Stripping Rubyland ............................................................. 59 Appendix III: HIV/AIDS, Heroin and Mining in Burma ........................... 61 Appendix IV: Interview with a former mining engineer ........................ 63 Appendix V: Observations from discussions with Burmese miners ....... 67 Endnotes .................................................................................................. 68 Cover: Workers at Hpakant Gem Mine, Kachin State (Photo: Burma Centrum Nederland) A Report on Mining in Burma — 1 Abbreviations ASE – Alberta Stock Exchange DGSE - Department of Geological Survey and Mineral Exploration (Burma)
    [Show full text]
  • Fine Structure in Photoluminescence Spectrum of S2 Center in Sodalite
    Phys Chem Minerals (2007) 34:477–484 DOI 10.1007/s00269-007-0161-y ORIGINAL PAPER – Fine structure in photoluminescence spectrum of S2 center in sodalite Aierken Sidike Æ Alifu Sawuti Æ Xiang-Ming Wang Æ Heng-Jiang Zhu Æ S. Kobayashi Æ I. Kusachi Æ N. Yamashita Received: 18 December 2006 / Accepted: 6 April 2007 / Published online: 12 June 2007 Ó Springer-Verlag 2007 Abstract The photoluminescence and excitation spectra stretching vibration of the isotopic species of 32S34S–,a 32 – of sodalites from Greenland, Canada and Xinjiang (China) main peak due to that of the isotopic species of S2 and are observed at 300 and 10 K in detail. The features of the five peaks due to phonon sidebands of the main peak. emission and excitation spectra of the orange-yellow flu- – orescence of these sodalites are independent of the locality. Keywords Sodalite Á Photoluminescence Á S2 center Á The emission spectra at 300 and 10 K consist of a broad Heat treatment Á Fine structure band with a series of peaks and a maximum peak at 648 and 645.9 nm, respectively. The excitation spectra ob- tained by monitoring the orange-yellow fluorescence at 300 Introduction and 10 K consist of a main band with a peak at 392 nm. The luminescence efficiency of the heat-treated sodalite Natural sodalite represented by the ideal formula Na8Al6 from Xinjiang is about seven times as high as that of un- Si6O24Cl2 or 3(Na2OÁAl2O3Á2SiO2)Á2NaCl is a well-known – treated natural sodalite. The emission spectrum of the S2 fluorescent mineral emitting orange-yellow fluorescence center in sodalite at 10 K consists of a band with a clearly under ultraviolet (UV) light.
    [Show full text]
  • Blue Sapphire Engagement Ring, RG-2817U Dramatic Color And
    Blue Sapphire Engagement Ring, RG-2817u Dramatic color and unusual elegance come together in this vintage style blue sapphire engagement ring. The 18k white gold band of this engagement ring is set along the shoulders and shank with a collection of seventy-four round brilliant cut diamonds that total 0.52 carats. Eight of these diamonds, four on each side, are arranged in a floral design. The diamond flowers flank a bewitching blue sapphire at the center. This is a vintage style (new) blue sapphire engagement ring. Options None Item # rg2817u Metal 18k white gold Weight in grams 4.6 Special characteristics A matching band is available and may be purchased separately. Please see item RG-2817wb. Condition New Diamond cut or shape round brilliant Diamond carat weight 0.52 Diamond mm measurements 1.4-0.9 Diamond color G-H Diamond clarity VS1 Diamond # of stones 74 Gemstone name Natural Corundum (sapphire) Gemstone cut or shape round faceted mixed cut Gemstone carat weight 1.05 Gemstone type Type II Gemstone clarity VS Gemstone hue very very slightly greenish blue Gemstone tone 4-Medium Light Gemstone saturation 4-Moderately Strong Gemstone # of stones 1 Top of ring length (N-S) 6.75 mm [0.26 in] Width of shank at shoulders 4.85 mm [0.19 in] Width of shank at base 2.25 mm [0.09 in] Ring height above finger 6.9 mm [0.27 in] Other ring info For new rings like this one, the gram weight, diamond and gemstone carat weights, color, and clarity, as well as other jewelry details, may vary from the specifications shown on this page, but are similar in quality.
    [Show full text]
  • In Montana's Gravel Bars; Diamond Once Found in Pioneer Gulch
    ' w .- CHOTBAU ÀCANTHA in Montana’s Gravel Bars; Diamond Once Found in Pioneer Gulch By IDWAIO B. REYNOLDS 1T is doubtful If even Ripley weald consider diamond mining in Mon- New $225,000 Residence Hall At State University Completed bat- such a venture is not Montana Dwarf Looks Back . entirely improbable. Mining in the ITreasure mate always baa been connected with tbe various mrtsH ■ On Life of Colorful Events principally gold, silver, copper, sine and lead. It is on these metals that With not more than three years left birthday he grew to his full height oí Butte has gained its reputation of be­ to live, Don Ward of Missoula, Mon­ 47 inches. As a trapeze performer his ing situated on "the richest hill on tana’s only native-son dwarf, is out toweight was 75 pounds. He now weighs earth,” and that Anaconda was created "make the most” of his remaining days,123 pounds. as the site of the world’s largest copper looking back on a colorful past packed Butte Favorite City smelter with Great Falls as the site with a multitude of interesting ex­ In recent years Ward has worked as of one of the world's greatest copper periences such as the average personan entertainer in various Montana refineries. is never privileged to enjoy. cities and appeared at several celebra­ However, despite all the fame gained Now 64, the 47-inch-tall man who tions. Butte is among his favorite cities. by these three cities in the mining was Mrs. Tom Thumb’s original coach­ “I’ve been three years in Europe and world for metals, Montana is also famed man in Europe, who traveled the circus 19 times in every state and every as a mining state in which precious routes for 19 years and who is the onlyprovince of Canada, but I’ve never met gems are found in commercially im­ little man ever to work on a trapeze,a better class of people, more con­ portant quantities.
    [Show full text]